A Tree with Deep Roots Does not Sway in the Wind

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1591-6 Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 431-712, Korea Tel. 82-31-380-0114 Fax. 82-31-380-0474 http:// www.krihs.re.kr

Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements 2006 Annual Report

2006_Annual Report

K o r e a R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e f o r H u m a n S e t t l e m e n t s

KRIHS Annual Report

Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements

Annual Report Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements 2006 Annual Report KRIHS

Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements

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K o r e a R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e f o r H u m a n S e t t l e m e n t s

KRIHS Annual Report

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A Tree with Deep Roots Does not Sway in the Wind

KRIHS is committed to the research on policies for the efficient use, development and conservation of the territorial resources that will contribute to the spatial planning of various levels of the country.

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Message from the President

struction of the MAC, Innovation Cities and Enterprise Cities were the main themes of its research. For decentralization of power, KRIHS conducted researches on topics as diverse as concession of central government's power to localities, reinforcing of local autonomy, and strengthening of cooperation between central and local governments. In order to explore methods to establish the nation as the key actor of Northeast Asia and have it play the due role, themes were set as its research goals such as Northeast Asian cooperation initiative, South and North Korea peace mechanism and formulation of a Northeast Asian community.

Lastly, regarding social integration and sustainable development, KRIHS carried out researches on such themes as housing stability for working-class people, conflict management for national integration, quality of life improvement and creation of livable territorial environment. Including these, KRIHS carried out more than 200 research projects in 2006 that meet the foundation goals of KRIHS.

This annual report includes the key results of the major research projects of 2006. KRIHS wishes the major outcome of this year's researches presented in the report will be utilized widely in relevant fields both at home and abroad. In addition, the publication of the report will serve as an occasion of reflecting on ourselves for better work in the future. KRIHS, as a

professional research institute on the use and conservation of land, will further commit itself to actively supporting and leading the government to effectively and practically promote territorial policies.

I would like to welcome opinions and comments on our achievements as well as errors last year from experts and public officials in relevant fields, who had been unfailing in their encouragement and advice for KRIHS throughout the year. Lastly, I look forward to your continued interest and support of KRIHS for many more years to come.

Thank you.

July 2007 President Byung-Sun Choe Since the inauguration in 2002, the incumbent ‘Partic-

ipatory Government’ has consistently promoted various policies geared to balanced national development including the construction of the Multifunctional Administrative City (MAC), Enterprise Cities and Inno- vation Cities, and relocation of public agencies outside Seoul.

The main task of KRIHS is to conduct research on territorial policies, and assist growth and development of the nation. The goal of balanced national development sought by the current administration is also the vision of KRIHS, which aims at efficient use, development and conservation of the territorial resources. To this end, it has consistently pursued balanced territorial development as a key subject since its opening. In this regard, it is natural that in 2006, KRIHS focused on those researches directed to supporting and realizing the above goal of the government.

In 2006, KRIHS carried out many research projects on such themes as balanced national development, decentralization of power, era of Northeast Asia, and social integration and sustainable development, in order to achieve the major goals of the current administration.

In regard of balanced national development, planned management of the Seoul metropolitan area and reformulation of the spatial structure, and con-

President

Byung-Sun Choe

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7KRIHS

6KRIHS

Chapter Ⅲ International Cooperative Projects and Research Support Activities 93

1. International Research Cooperation 94

2. Training Programs for Government Officials Overseas 120

3. Academic Exchange 122

4. Research Innovation Achievements 124

5. Urban Information Network Service 126

6. 21st Century Forum for Human Settlements 127

7. 5th �The Korea Spatial Planning Review�Contest for Distinguished Theses 128

ChapterⅡ 2006 Research Projects 20

1. National Territorial & Regional Planning Research 23

2. Environment & Culture Research 37

3. Urban Research 43

4. Land & Housing Research 49

5. Transportation Research 59

6. Infrastructure & Construction Economics Research 65

7. Geospatial Information Research 73

8. Northeast Asian Regional Development Research 83

9. Urban Innovation Research 89

ChapterⅠ Overview 8

1. Foundation & Function 10

2. Organization & Staff 11

3. 2006 Research Directions and Achievements 12

4. Research Directions of 2007 16

Appendix Index 206

1. Title Index 208

2. Author Index 210

Chapter Ⅴ Research Divisions & Staff 136

1. President & Vice President 138

2. National Territorial & Regional Planning Research Division 141

3. Environment & Culture Research Division 151

4. Urban Research Division 157

5. Land & Housing Research Division 163

6. Transportation Research Division 173

7. Infrastructure & Construction Economics Research Division 179

8. Geospatial Information Research Center 185

9. Northeast Asian Regional Development Center 193

10. Urban Innovation Center 199

11. Research Supporting Divisions 203

Chapter Ⅳ Table of Contents of KRIHS Periodicals 2006 131

1. KRIHS Policy Brief(Vol. 98~Vol. 119) 132

2. The Korea Spatial Planning Review(Vol. 48~Vol. 51) 133

3. Space and Environment(Vol. 24~Vol. 25) 135

8. 11th Children’s Human Settlements Writing Contest 129

9. Publication of Monographs 130

ontents

C

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1. Foundation & Function 10

2. Organization & Staff 11

3. 2006 Research Directions and Achievements 12

4. Research Directions of 2007 16

Overview

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11KRIHS ⅠOverview

2. Organization & Staff

10KRIHS

■Staff

As of December 2006, a total of 146 persons are working at KRIHS : 128 researchers and 18 administrative personnel. The number of its regular personnel is 219. The research staff are comprised of 72 Ph.D.s and 56 graduates with M.A.s, with various expertises such as urban and regional planning, transportation engineering and economics.

■Organization

KRIHS is comprised of five research divisions and centers : National Territorial & Regional Planning Research Division, Environment & Culture Research Division, Urban Research Division, Land & Housing Research Division, Transportation Research Division, Infrastructure & Construction Economics Research Division, Geospatial Information Research Center, Northeast Asian Regional Development Center, North- east Asian Regional Development Center, Urban Innovation Center and three research supporting divisions : Research Planning∙Coordination & Innovation Division, Administration Division, Communica- tions & Public Relations Center.

1. Foundation & Function

■Foundation & Purpose

The Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements(KRIHS) was established in 1978 to comprehensively undertake research activities concerning the efficient use, development and conservation of the territorial resources, thus contributing to balanced development of the territory and enhancement of quality of people’s lives.

Since its opening, KRIHS has been committed to fulfilling its epochal mission of ‘creation of a territory with beautiful nature and pleasant living environment’, and in order to achieve the mission, it has been conducting researches that are focused on sustainable, balanced and knowledge-based territory, and those that will lead the future of the territory.

■Function

The main task of KRIHS is to conduct a future-oriented and practical research based on the actual conditions of the territory, which will support short- to medium-term plans and policies of the country. It per- forms a wide range of researches in the areas of land use and conservation, urban and regional development planning, housing and land policies, transportation, construction economics, environment, water resources and geographic information system(GIS). It is taking a leading role in realizing an affluent and safe territory of the 21st century. The functions of KRIHS, whose objective is realization of the futuristic, balanced, affluent and safe territory, are as follows :

●To formulate long-range national and regional development plans ;

●To carry out studies on the efficient use and conservation of the territory, and management of the land resources ;

●To conduct policy researches on the territory-related fields such as land, housing, urban planning and construction industry ;

●To perform a comprehensive research on the social overhead capital(SOC) ;

●To systematically manage and supply data on the national land resources ;

●To carry out a joint research and cooperative research project in collaboration with provincial governments, research institutes at home and abroad, and international organizations ;

●To provide research services to public and private organizations at home and abroad ;

●To exchange scholarly information with other professional organizations domestic and foreign, and provide training for human settlement management and planning professionals ;

●To publish and distribute its research outcomes ; and

●To perform projects related to the above researches and others regarded as needed to achieve its goals

Category President Researchers Administrative Personnel

Total

Ph.D.s M.A.s Managers Specialists

No.(Person) 1 72 56 17 1 147

President

Vice President

National Territorial & Regional Planning Research Division Research Team

Environment & Culture Research Division Research Team

Urban Research Division Research Team

Land & Housing Research Division Research Team

Transportation Research Division Research Team

Infrastructure & Construction Economics Research Division Research Team

Geospatial Information Research Center Research Team

Northeast Asian Regional Development Center Research Team

Urban Innovation Center Research Team

Research Planning∙Coordination & Innovation Division

Research Management Team Budget Planning Team Innovation Strategies Team International Research Cooperation Office

Administration & Human Resources Team Finance & Accounting Team Maintenance & Coordination Team Administration Division

Public Relations Team Library & Publication Team Information Technology Team Communications & Public Relations Center

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13KRIHS ⅠOverview

12KRIHS

■Executives & Staff

3. 2006 Research Directions and Achievements

■Research Projects at the National Level

The incumbent government’s major policy issues related to territorial development are balanced national development, decentralization of power, realization of the era of Northeast Asia, and social integration and sustainable development. KRIHS has been conducting research on these national issues in order to play its due role as a government-sponsored research institute.

Research on Balanced National Development

The government is endeavoring for regional self-sufficiency and balanced national development on the basis of the ‘Special Act on Balanced National Development’ and ‘Special Act on Decentralization’. With the intent to prepare strategies and explore various policy tools for balanced development of the territory, KRIHS conducted a total of 23 research projects focusing on the following five themes: balanced national development and planned management of the Seoul metropolitan area, reformulation of the spatial structure, construction of the MAC, relocation of public agencies to localities and Innovation Cities and Enterprise Cities building.

Research on Decentralization of Power

For decentralization of power, the government is currently promoting concession of central government’s power to localities, reinforcing of local autonomy, and strengthening of cooperation between central- local governments and among local governments. In line with this, KRIHS conducted five research projects required to address these policy issues.

Research on Realization of the Era of Northeast Asia

One of the national policy issues of today is to provide a vision and strategies for the ‘Era of Peace and Prosperity in Northeast Asia’, and accordingly construct South and North Korea peace mechanism, seek prosperity by strengthening competitiveness and form a Northeast Asian community. Related to this, seven research projects were carried out by KRIHS in 2006.

Research on Social Integration and Sustainable Development

The government policies are directed towards housing stability for working-class people, social integration by rectifying discrimination, conflict management and sustainable management of the territory. In order to assist the promotion of these policy issues, KRIHS carried out a total of 36 researches in 2006 under the themes of housing stability for working-class people, conflict management for national integration, quality of life enhancement and livable territorial environment creation.

■Research on Pending Issues by Research Area

As the economy grows and people's desire for a quality life increases, demands of people for various policies of their own interest are increasingly disclosing. KRIHS is making efforts to suggest reasonable and timely responses to this. The following is the summary of the research on these pending issues by research area that were conducted by KRIHS in 2006.

President Byung-Sun Choe

Vice President Yang-Ho Park

Heads of Research Divisions

National Territorial & Regional Planning Research Division Hyung-Seo Park Environment & Culture Research Division Yeong-Kook Choi

Urban Research Division Beum-Sik Min

Land & Housing Research Division Mie-Oak Chae

Transportation Research Division Jai-Young Ryu

Infrastructure & Construction Economics Research Division Jae-Yoon Yoo

Geospatial Information Research Center Ho-Sang Sakong

Northeast Asian Regional Development Center Won-Bae Kim

Urban Innovation Center Young-Hwan Jin

Heads of Research Supporting Divisions

Research Planning∙Coordination & Innovation Division Jae-Gil Park

Administration Division Yong-Tae Yang

Communications & Public Relations Center Yeo-Hoon Yoon

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15KRIHS ⅠOverview

14KRIHS

National Territorial & Regional Planning Research

In order to make regions effectively promote balanced national development, KRIHS suggested strategies to create a system for supporting innovation of provincial cities. It also proposed methods to effectively promote regional innovation projects for regional competitiveness. In order to provide concrete measures to relocate public agencies to localities, KRIHS reviewed the considerations and guidelines, and suggested how to fill out the form of relocation plan, which will help heads of public agencies to be relocated to set up plans for their relocation.

Environment & Culture Research

In order to address damage to natural environment and scenery following development, and provide a policy tool for the linkage of development to environmental plans the Presidential Commission on Sus- tainable Development suggests, KRIHS explored measures to reduce environmental degradation that can be adoptable at the plan-establishment stage. In addition, in order to systematically conserve areas of restricted development, it reviewed the current status of the National Trust movement at home and abroad, and related legislations, exploring the possibility to introduce a national trust fund to the nation, and how to institutionalize it.

Urban & Urban Innovation Research

KRIHS suggested methods to maintain the conditions for the overall operation of urban management planning, and improve laws and regulations related to urban management planning, aiming at better functioning of land use and management. In addition, it suggested basic directions to development and management of Innovation Cities adoptable for the establishment of a plan for Innovation City development by regional governments.

Land & Housing Research

In line with the policy transformation towards household-oriented housing policy focusing on housing welfare, from the existing quantity-oriented policy, which aims to relieve housing service disparity among regions and social classes, KRIHS suggested several practical strategies to that end. It also assisted the government in establishing housing policy matching the actual conditions of regions and of people.

In addition, KRIHS reviewed issues and problems with the overall land policy of the government, setting the policy goals suited to a fully advanced society. Based on this, it suggested a new framework for land policy and concrete measures for the promotion.

Transportation Research

KRIHS developed transportation service indicators by region and city, which are required to set the direc-

tions of transportation investment policy and to plan transportation facilities. It aims to assess the scale of transportation facilities from the supply side, and enhance satisfaction from the user side. In addition, it explored ways to improve existing transportation statistics data in order to build statistics infrastructure required for better road transportation policy. It also suggested methods to create statistics data to be used for each individual area of road transportation. Lastly, it prepared concrete methods to effectively utilize current intelligent transportation system(ITS) technology standards in order to secure nationwide inter-operability of ITS projects.

Infrastructure & Construction Economics Research

KRIHS identified both theoretically and practically the demand structure of the construction industry and forecast mid-to long-term change in the demand following various circumstantial changes, suggesting responses to the expected change by the private sector and the government. In addition, in order to link self-evaluation on infrastructure finance to post-evaluations on large public construction projects by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation, it suggested methods to construct a post-evaluation model and maintain the institutional basis. In regard of distribution of transportation infrastructure investment to regions, in order to harmonize the conflicting goals of equity and efficiency, it analyzed the relationship between transportation infrastructure investment and growth gap among regions, verifying equity of regional distribution, and suggesting methods for rational distribution.

Geospatial Information Research

KRIHS developed a territorial simulation model of an integrated spatio-temporal model, in order to scien- tifically estimate the disseminating effect and change in land use following implementation of national territorial policies. In addition, it forecast change in functional spaces and space for people's activities in cities following rapid advancement of the Internet and information/communications technology, and formulate national strategies to realize the 21st century hi-tech information city, or u-City. Lastly, by constructing the KOrea Planning Support Systems(KOPSS), which utilize cutting-edge information technology based on the GIS and other various technologies for spatial analysis, it suggested methods to assist various spatial planning of the nation.

Northeast Asian Regional Development Research

KRIHS comprehensively assessed domestic studies of the past several years on infrastructure and territorial development in North Korea, and promoted a plan for infrastructure development on the Korean Peninsu- la over the next 20 years or so in collaboration with relevant nations and international organizations. In addition, it suggested strategies for a successful development of the Gaesung Industrial Complex(GIC), and those for effective and balanced development of the west coastal areas centering around the GIC.

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ⅠOverview17KRIHS

16KRIHS

4. Research Directions of 2007

■Forecast : 2007 Research Environment

In 2007, firstly, rapid change in circumstances, both at home and abroad, is expected surrounding the national economy. Competition among nations within the region will become fiercer to take the lead in regard of finance, logistics, and a human network, and the Free Trade Agreements will become prevalent for economic opening and expansion of the economy.

Secondly, a new paradigm of research environment will be created following further technology advancement and policy change. That is, a pluralistic and comprehensive society will advance which is represented by multi-convergence. Along with this, the research environment is expected to change with the relocation of public agencies outside Seoul.

Thirdly, the spatial policy for territorial innovation will become materialized that is aimed at balanced development, social integration and resolution of the ‘polarized' society. In other words, the leading national projects of the construction of the MAC, Innovation Cities and Enterprise Cities will become realized, and people's demand for stable housing prices will grow following the follow-up measures of the August 31 Special Measures for Real Estate Market Stability.

Fourth, a new paradigm of territorial use that values quality of life will emerge. Appreciation of quality of life following national income increase, and a paradigm shift in territorial and regional development will augment the need for new policies. The tendency to put importance on the management of the territory will spread as the social circumstances change that are characterized by the fully-established five- working-day week system, aging society, low-fertility society, and gender equality.

■Selection Criteria for 2007 Research Projects

With the above changes, the role and status of government-sponsored research institutes are to be enhanced and the ways central and local governments develop policies will be diversified. Accordingly, cooperation among research institutes in the private and public sector, universities and regional institutions will further expand. Considering all this, KRIHS has set its research goals of 2007 as follows : first, strengthening support for balanced territorial development ; second, laying the ground for livable community creation and housing welfare ; and lastly, promoting land policy and geo-spatial information study aiming at enhancing quality of the territorial space.

According to the above research directions, KRIHS has set concrete guidelines for selecting its research projects of 2007 as follows :

Firstly, priorities are given to national projects. For this, KRIHS explores and selects national projects that can support policy goals and issues of the ‘Participatory Government’. In addition, it explores research projects referring to the current tasks and goals of 2007 of the Ministry of Construction and Transportation, main partner of KRIHS, and other government agencies including Fiance and Economy

Ministry and Planning and Budget Ministry.

Secondly, it chooses fundamental and mid-to long-term projects preferably. For this, it gives preferences to mid-to long-term projects that are in line with KRIHS vision and its mid-to long-term goals. To be specific, the ratio of fundamental and mid-to long-term projects to the entire research projects should exceed 20%.

Thirdly, it gives preferences to practical research. In detail, through practical and pragmatic research based on onsite investigation and survey, the research should be able to support government in improving its policies and institutions. It also encourages practical research that puts high value on quality of people's lives and the environment.

Fourth, in order to activate joint research, it gives preferences to joint research projects with other research institutes under the umbrella of the National Research Council for Economics, Humanities and Social Sciences. If possible, joint research projects involving all the industry, university, research institute, government agency and press, are given top priority so that through a joint research, each partner involved can be specialized in a certain area and the synergy effect can be maximized.

Lastly, projects that are highly differentiated from previous researches, and that are highly likely to produce concrete results, are given priorities. In order to avoid overlap in research, and maximize the application and effects of research results, it preferably selects projects that are highly differentiated from previous research. In addition, in order to secure excellent research reports, it preferably selects projects that are expected to produce concrete results.

■ Research Projects of 2007

KRIHS has selected the following three as its major research projects of 2007 ;

Establishment of Master Plan for Territorial Infrastructure on the Korean Peninsula : the study will comprehensively assess domestic studies of the past several years on infrastructure and territorial development in North Korea, and promote a plan for infrastructure development on the Korean Peninsula over the next 20 years or so in collaboration with relevant nations and international organizations such as UNDP and World Bank. For this, it will suggest establishing the tentatively named ‘Organization for Infrastructure Development on the Korean Peninsula’ or ‘Fund for Infrastructure Development on the Korean Peninsula’ after estimating the costs for infrastructure development. Based on this, it will push for a Master Plan for the development so that the project can be actually realized. The study results can be utilized to support Korea, which is currently targeting the hub of Northeast Asia, in securing substantial infrastructure needed to obtain the goal. From a longer-range perspective, it is forecast that the study will help lay the ground for constructing an integrated economy on the Korean Peninsula with the assistance from its neighboring countries.

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●In the transportation research category(4) : Methods to Develop National Road Network System(I), Methods to Activate Multi-functions of Road Space, Early Ubiquitous Environment and Transportation Policy in Metropolitan Regions, and Digitalized Territory and Infrastructure for Integrated Transporta- tion Information

●In the infrastructure and construction economy research category(4) : Re-establishment of SOC Invest- ment Policy in a Transitional Period(I), Enhancing Competitiveness of Construction Industry for Sec- ond-leap of Overseas Construction, Strategies for Reinforcing Private Infrastructure Investment Sys- tem, and Win-win Strategies for Advancing Construction Industry

●In the geo-spatial information research category(4) : Study on Infrastructure for Support System Con- struction for Decision-making in Territorial Policy, National GIS Strategies in Response to Paradigm Shift in Spatial Information, Maintenance of Planning System for u-City Realization, and Strategies for Intelligent Territory for Territorial Informatization Innovation

●In the Northeast Asian regional development research category(2) : Study on Establishment of Master Plan for Territorial Infrastructure on the Korean Peninsula(II), and Forecast for Development of North- east Asian Core Economic Areas and Network Construction

19KRIHS ⅠOverview

Policy Issues in Decentralization and Balanced National Development(III) : as part of a three-year-long research from 2005, the research will analyze the influence of strategic hub development, and suggest strategies to promote an integrated approach to strategic hub development, and to consistently push for the development, aiming at maximizing the disseminating effect of decentralization. The study will include analysis on materials from governments and on laws and regulations concerned, workshops and consultations among experts and working-level officials, and collaborative research among research institutes and professors in relevant fields. Professionals in advanced countries will be also referred to, and on-site investigation overseas is also planned. The study is expected to enhance the effectiveness of the ongoing national policy for decentralization.

Development of System for Measuring Disseminating Effect of Financial Investment for Establishment of Balanced National Development Index(I) : the study will develop a 「System for Measuring Disseminat- ing Effect of Financial Investment」, which will forecast socio-economic effects of various national projects for balanced national development and regional prosperity prior to the implementation, and

「Balanced National Development Index」that will provide a quick glance at the effects of public investment on balanced national development. Through the study, it is expected that the effects of investment in regional development projects, which accompany financial investment, and the impact on balanced development of the projects can be assessed prior to the implementation. Doing this, it will be possible to forecast the contribution of financial investment to balanced national development on a yearly basis. The assessment results will be also utilized as basic data for planning national budget. In addition, it will help draw up a rational and scientific budget plan.

The basic research projects planned for 2007 total 27 as follows ;

●In the territorial and regional research category(4) : Development of Characteristics Indices Used for Assessing Rural Areas, Innovation of Regional Development Policy for Job Creation, Regional Strategic Clusters for Balanced National Development, and Development of Conflict Indices for Public Projects

●In the environmental and cultural research category(2) : Establishing the Hierarchy of Protected Areas for Effective Management of Territorial Resources, and Role Sharing among Central and Local Govern- ments in Securing Water for Environmental Use

●In the urban research category(2) : Rational Supply of Urban Planning Facilities Considering the Public Aspect, and Economic Compensation for Management of Green Areas on Urban Outskirts

●In the land and housing research category(5) : Master Plan for Housing Welfare of the Aged, Methods to Reorganize Housing Supply System Following Change in Housing Supply and Demand, Policy Directions to Meet the Change in Real Estate Market, Directions and Strategies for Land Policy Towards Advanced Society(II), and Methods to Manage Land Use in Rural Areas for Rural Vitality

18KRIHS

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1. National Territorial & Regional Planning Research 23

2. Environment & Culture Research 37

3. Urban Research 43

4. Land & Housing Research 49

5. Transportation Research 59

6. Infrastructure & Construction Economics Research 65

7. Geospatial Information Research 73

8. Northeast Asian Regional Development Research 83

9. Urban Innovation Research 89

2006 Research Projects

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National Territorial &

Regional Planning Research

01 c h a p t e r

■An Analysis of Forecasting Methodology for Industrial Land Demand

■Application Guidelines for the Strategic Environmental Assessment to National Territorial Plans

■Changes in the Spatial Structure of Metropolitan Regions amid Slow Population Growth and the Directions of Policy Responses : Focusing on Japan

■A Cooperative Participation of Local Government in the Implementation of National Development Project

■Establishment of Manual for Public Conflict Management

■High Speed Rail and the Changes of Spatial Structure(II)

■The Inter-Rural Comparative Analysis on Regional Uniqueness and Policy Impli- cations

■Pilot Simulation Model for Balanced Development Impact Assessment : Based on System Dynamics Approach

■Planning Paradigm in the Participatory Public Domain : Theoretical Prospects and Practical Propositions in the Korean Context

■Smart Growth and Visioning Process : City of Jacksonville, Florida

■Strategies for the Efficient Implementation of Regional Innovation Projects : towards Strengthening the Competitiveness of Cities in the Non-Capital

Region

■A Study on the Establishment of the Regional Development Corporation in Depressed Regions in Korea

■Territorial Policy in Overseas and its Implication for Korea

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25KRIHS National Territorial & Regional Planning Research

The goal of this study is to develop systematic and comprehensive application guidelines for the SEA which can be applied to the national territorial plans.

This study develops the application guidelines for the SEA(Draft). The guidelines include the brief description of the SEA, tasks for evaluation by phase, and role-assignment to actors concerned.

The description of the SEA includes the concept, advantages, and principles of the SEA. The application of the SEA is founded on the ‘Code of Strategic Environment Evaluation Tasks' of the Ministry of Construction and Transportation(MOCT).

The SEA are mainly applied to meta-policy plans that define mid and long-term goals, directions, and strategies.

The six phases with 15 tasks which are essen- tial components of the guidelines are as follows : Phase I(Develop an Evaluation Plan) is the beginning stage of the SEA and prepared by a Strategic Environment Assessment Team. Phase II(Design Evaluation Items) specifies the key evaluation components of the target plan by considering the scope and spatial coverage of the environmental impacts. Phase III(Conduct Analysis and Evaluation) analyzes and evaluates the envi-

ronmental impacts of the target plan. Phase IV(Write the SEA Report) illustrates all the evaluation activities from development of the evaluat- ing plan to evaluation on the environmental impacts of the target plan. Phase V reviews the evaluation SEA report. Phase VI(Monitoring or Feedback) explores ways to minimize the environmental impacts of the target plan by monitoring the environmental impacts.

The expected effects of the development of the application guidelines for the SEA are as follows : firstly, the guidelines will contribute to the successful operation of the SEA on national territorial plan ; secondly, it can constitute the theoretical and empirical foundation of the SEA application ; and lastly, it will help both professionals and people to understand the SEA which still remains unclear in a conceptual term.

Research Period: 2006. 2. 1~2006. 7. 31

Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2006-12, 150pp

>> Application Guidelines for the Strategic Environmental Assessment to National Territorial Plans

전략환경평가 시행지침 개발 연구 - 국토관련계획을 중심으로 - Yong-Woo Lee & Sang-Yeon Lim

Ⅱ2006 Research Projects

01

24KRIHS

The development of an Industrial park begins with the forecasting of land demands. But there aren't still any studies about the methodology for forecasting land demands and some of them uses their own method according to their conditions.

This study recognizes this problems and try to find a rational methodology for industrial land demand forecast. Specifically, it analyzes the existing methods for forecasting and finds their countermeasure to support a more rational methodology. Futhermore it aims to provide a forecasting model for the nation and local governments which making decisions of development demands.

By estimating the existing forecasts based on their own methodology, we found out that some of them didn't have any rational standards nor procedures and some projects depended too much on the questionnaires of unreliable firms and some didn't even consider any demand studies.

Studying some national and foreign cases, this study proposes a sectionalizes forecast procedure into 3 phases : analysis on social and economic conditions ; forecast the future land demands ; and estimating the scale of land supply.

First, the industrial land demand forecasting must follow these procedures. 1) Forecasting the

social and economic development of the region and land conditions. 2) Setting up development objects based on the economic forecast. 3) Esti- mating the total demand area. 4) Estimating the supportable land area and it is desirable to under- go the decision on new demand phase.

The social and economic forecast of the region must include GRP and industrial and employment structure. Also the for social and economic index it must be operated and linked with the urban master plan. The regional demand forecast must apply the calculated unit loading factor.

Other method such as to forecast firm demands must be used as supplement method. The local government must establish the ratio of land area per total industrial territory in each year based on the ratio of present and target year.

This study focuses on the whole procedure rather than the specific methodology of the forecast. Further studies are needed to provide stan- dard methods on forecasting based on this paper's standards and procedure.

Research Period: 2006. 2. 1~2006. 7. 31

Report Descriptions: KRIHS Supplementary Research 2006-6, 95pp

>> An Analysis of Forecasting Methodology for Industrial Land Demand

산업입지 수요조사 방법 및 기준 표준화 방안 연구

Seung-Han Ryu

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Recently Korean central government has carried out various spatial policies and national projects, but local authorities and local residents have been apt to interfere in the middle of the process of the projects, or to obstruct the plan connected with the projects since 1991 when local autonomy extensively started in Korea. One of the reasons why lots of conflict between central and local governments take place is that national development projects would be nor- mally connected with interests of local residents concerned. This study aims to suggest some policies for central and local governments to compromise and further strengthen mutual cooperative relations in the efficient conduct of national projects.

To achieve the purpose of this study firstly the examination on the intergovernmental relations through existing sundry records has been conducted. Secondly some concrete examples concerned with intergovernmental conflict have been exam- ined thoroughly. Thirdly in order to gather more information and opinions concerning the conflicts, the investigation through questionnaire and inter- view on residents and local officials are carried out.

The Suggestions are as follows ;

First of all, in order to maintain harmony with local government and residents, it is necessary that central government establishes a collaborative part-

nership to justly provide information and to work out a system to alleviate mutual distrust.

The second point is the prevention of politiciza- tion as to national projects. If a project changes into the pending political issue, local government and residents would participate actively in the decision making process of the project.

Thirdly, central government should establish a support system that local government can participate substantially in the process of national project.

Fourthly, it is necessary to adopt a new flexible system in terms of time schedule. Generally it is some difficult for officials to adapt themselves to new circumstance, because they apt to comply with the rule or process concerned.

Fifthly the establishment of collaborative planning system will harmonize the national purpose and local interest, which is of much help for improving local government's participation in national projects.

Finally the human and information exchange between central and local governments will promote the substantial cooperation, which results in the mutual understanding and common benefit among them.

Research Period: 2006. 2. 1~2006. 7. 31

>> A Cooperative Participation of Local Government in the Implementation of National Development Project

공공사업 지자체 참여 제고방안

Hyung-Seo Park, Youn-Hee Jeong & Seung-Mi Hwang

01

26KRIHS

This study deals with the on going policy responses and related discussions in Japan, given the situation where the country is heading towards population decrease. In so doing, our work intends to gain some policy implications for Korea which will also likely experience population decrease.

The first part of this study's main discussion explores likely decrease in population at the scales of regional blocks, metropolitan areas, and municipalities, using data of census and projected population. Importantly, the forecast at the level of a metropolitan area finds that the share of metropolitan areas which will witness population decline will continuously increase to reach 85% in 2030.

The second part examines the Japan's urban policies responding to the trends towards population decrease. The responses encompass the efforts made to integrate several small municipalities into a single local jurisdiction having a considerable size, the policies implemented and discussed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and such measures in the field of urban planning as the Compact City concept and the revitalization of urban centers. These responses commonly underline the turnaround from extension-oriented and supply-focused policies which has so far pre- vailed across the Japanese context. And signifi-

cantly, they consider local specific conditions and are based on the principles of devolution and public participation at the local level.

Finally, we presents several policy implications for Korea from the Japanese experiences. The implications are as follows : 1) Researches that continuously monitor demographic shifts and processes in various types of metropolitan regions, in order to implementry policy suitable to each type, in the face of population decline. 2) Financial costs and related measures confronting the rise in shares of aging population given population decrease have to be assessed and prepared, respectively. 3) Instead of extension-oriented and supply-focused planning, Korea has to establish the new planning system that will effectively cope with population decrease on a long-term basis and be built upon a management-focused and bottom- up approach emphasizing local specific contexts and stake-holders. 4) The application of the Com- pact City concept to the small or medium-sized cities in Korea has to be taken into full considera- tion.

Research Period: 2006. 1. 1~2006. 6. 30

>> Changes in the Spatial Structure of Metropolitan Regions amid Slow Population Growth and the Directions of Policy Responses : Focusing on Japan

인구저성장시대의 도시권 공간구조의 변화와 정책대응방향 : 일본을 중심으로 Seta Fumihiko, Kwang-Ik Kim, Pill-Sung Byun & Kwang-Ik Wang

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This study has been carried out as part of a two- year project. While the first-year study included on the changes in the regional transportation system, HSR user behaviors, and case study of the Daejeon station area, this second-year study focuses on the following three aspects of the HSR operation : the macro and micro analysis on the changes in the national spatial structure, the re- organization of the national spatial structure, and the development of a basic database for future studies.

This study analyzed regional accessibility, population movement, and travel behaviors in regard of the HSR opening. The results show that regional employment can be raised by improving the accessibility along with the population. The number of HSR passengers is continuously increasing ; therefore, inter-regional linkage is expected to be firmer than before.

This study conducted an empirical analysis on Daejeon Station. Unlike other large cities with the HSR stations, Daejeon shows spatial changes around the station after the HSR opening, though not distinguishable.

To forecast the effect of HSR, station cities are divided into three types : large station city, new growth center, and regional center. Large station

cities are concerned about straw effect from the surrounding areas and to the capital region. New growth centers are concerned about the decay of traditional centers, and the problem of regional centers is the possibility of straw effect to large cities.

To reduce the straw effect, the desirable structure of the national territory can be a ‘Linked- Multinuclear' type that focuses on station area development. However, it is not possible to reorganize the area merely through the operation of HSR. Rather, it depends on the policy responses not only by the central government but also by each local area. Further, it should be linked with the potentials of local areas.

This study suggests constructing a ‘wide-area economy zone’ as a main tool for reorganizing the national spatial structure. To maximize the effect of HSR, six wide-area economic zones are suggested : the Capital, Jungbu, Daegu, Busan, Jeonbuk, and Gawngju.

Research Period: 2006. 1. 1~2006. 12. 31

>> High Speed Rail and the Changes of Spatial Structure(II)

고속철도와 국토공간구조의 변화(II)

Yong-Woo Lee, Jin-Ku Chung, Yang-Soo Yun & Sang-Yeon Lim

01

28KRIHS

The establishment of conflict management manual started from the recognition that public conflict was inevitable in the process of public policy-making related to spatial plans and national development projects. Most conflict manager and mediator consider that the most required thing in a conflict field is a reference manual serving their intention at the various conflict stages.

This study aims at establishing the conflict management manual related to the construction of SOC and public facilities, and providing the empirical basis to make recommendations for minimizing the negative impacts of locational conflicts. Present central government legislates the basic act for managing public conflict that consists of the conflict procedure, conflict analysis and mediation, conflict management commit- tee and various support systems for resolving the conflicts. Nevertheless the act limites to the fundamental principles and basic process. Accord- ingly, the fact is that more specific process and check points are needed. This manual will help for conflict manager and national or regional policy decision maker to reduce the possibility of public conflict.

This manual consists of three parts. The first involves the public conflict concept and charac-

ter, the necessity of conflict management, conflict resolution methods and brief glossary of conflict.

The second part is concerned with the prevention of conflict. The manual indicates guideline for conflict manager's conduct at the concrete conflict circumstance. The major preventive methods are conflict analysis, alternative dispute resolution including various consensus building scheme and public involvement. The third part contains the guideline and check points for conflict resolution.

In the middle of the process of conflict resolution, a necessary behaviour and a point a point to be considered as a conflict manager are illustrated.

This guide book will give fundamental materials to go in the right direction for a public conflict management. This manual complies with the process and request of the act, but more concrete checkup lists meeting the conflict situation are established. Therefore user has to moderate the descriptive guideline from the existing state of conflict, because all questions and matters that demand basic and special attention are covered in the manual.

Research Period: 2006. 6. 1~2006. 11. 30

>> Establishment of Manual for Public Conflict Management

공공갈등 관리 매뉴얼 구축에 관한 연구

Hyung-Seo Park, Sun-Hee Kim & Youn-Hee Jeong

�This research report has been selected as the 2006 KRIHS Best Research Report.

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01

30KRIHS

This study aims to classify rural areas in social index and economic figures, examine their area- specific characteristics, and find how to invigorate rural economy and reduce a gap between rural and urban areas.

From the theoretical review, statistical analysis and empirical comparison, we could draw a mechanism of rural changes, in which a variety of factors are interacting in a complex way. The main characteristics of a mechanism are summa- rized as follows. First, the cityward tendency of people becomes intensified as economic opportunities in rural areas decrease and the lack of human and economic resources widens a gap between rural and urban areas. Second, rural areas face new confrontations as the growth of city becomes beyond a reasonable level and the life quality of people is more importantly considered. These changes begin to ask rural society for playing a role that could provide amenity, green tourism, well-being agricultural products, and the like. On the other hands, they demand the expansion of suburban-style housing space and the low-priced factory sites in rural areas. Third and importantly, inner-rural society in this mechanism actively responds to these rural changes and its efforts repeatedly function for much more

intensifying these changes. While the changes led by urban's needs occur in a sporadic and gradual way, rural society in a long-term perspective consider these changes as a momentum to invigorate rural economy and increase farmers' real income.

This could be developed as an endogenous force or capacity. Fourth, its complexity in the mechanism of rural changes is linked to a variety of rural types, having their own uniqueness in loca- tion, geographical features, natural resources, local capacity to counter the changes, and so on.

Rural changes are in the air. No one policy fit- ting all rural situations seems to exist. Therefore, this study encourages us to seek out multiple alternatives that may be appropriate to individual rural society. Accordingly, the issue is one of preparing specific policy strategies with the different rural area so as best to achieve desired policy objectives.

Research Period: 2006. 1. 1~2006. 12. 31

>> The Inter-Rural Comparative Analysis on Regional Uniqueness and Policy Implications

지역특성을 고려한 농촌활성화 방안 연구

Chang-Hyun Kim, Soonja Lee & Sung-Su Lee

The study aims to effectively support the implementation of the Balanced Development Impact Assessment. To this end, it develops and suggests a simulation model to assess the effects of financial investment and balanced development index on a pilot basis, and identifies the feasibility of model development and its use. In particular, the study is primarily designed to develop a pilot simulation model that allows budget agencies to self-assess the effect of balanced national development of financial investment in advance, by laying the ground for each individual government agency to utilize the model and index by means of Microsoft Excel while drawing up a budget.

The study establishes balanced development indices that show the effect of regional investment projects on balanced development in the form of a standardized set of figures like stock market indices prior to developing a pilot model. In order to develop these indices, the study reviews various inequali- ty measurements such as the Gini Index and entropy as well as decile distribution ratio used in the statistics and economics. Finally, it selects the entropy index among them as balanced national development index for its pilot model.

The study divides the territory into 16 spatial units for convenient data collection, analysis and

simulation of the model, in accordance to the study aim of pilot model development. The study includes a total of 15 research areas ; however, it focuses on the five areas of population, housing, roads, educa- tion and culture for the model development. The base year of the model simulation is 2005, and years 2005, 2010 and 2015 are the reference year.

In the final part of the study, five types of cases are set and applied to the model in order to actually try out the pilot model developed. The analysis of the results are included in the study. The five cases can be illustrated as follows : firstly, as a base case, the system works as it is without special financial investment ; secondly, 1 trillion won is invested yearly in rental housing ; thirdly, an annual 7 trillion won is invested in road construction ; fourth, 100 billion won is spent yearly for public libraries and art museums respectively ; and lastly, the com- bination of the above three cases take place.

It is expected that follow-up studies will develop the pilot model devised in the study into an integrated spatio-temporal model measuring financial investment effect which is more expanded and sophisticated.

Research Period: 2006. 7. 1~2006. 12. 31

>> Pilot Simulation Model for Balanced Development Impact Assessment : Based on System Dynamics Approach

시스템 다이나믹스 기법을 이용한 균형발전영향평가 시범모형 개발 Young-Pyo Kim & Yoon-Sook Cho

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01

32KRIHS

The most important components of smart growth are environmental issues and social equity in comparison to the early growth management efforts. This study aims to provide suggestions by identifying the concept and scope of smart growth. Generally, we can think ten principles regarding the smart growth concept : mix land uses, take advantage of compact building design, create housing opportunities and choices, create walkable communities, foster distinctive, attrac- tive communities, preserve open space, farmland, natural beauty, and critical environmental areas, provide a variety of transportation options, strengthen and direct development to existing communities, make development decisions pre- dictable, fair, and cost effective, encourage community and stakeholder collaboration in development decisions.

Florida State used the early growth management policy due to the Florida’s fragile environment and fast growth. Jacksonville has the Better Jacksonville Plan and the Blueprint for Prosperity project. These projects are based on local comprehensive plan and smart growth concept. Jack- sonville is developing with the projects in harmony with diverse stakeholders and needs.

We can think the following implications from

the case of City of Jacksonville and Florida State.

Firstly, Florida State has a centralized mechanism to implement growth management over the state.

Local governments and regions of Florida must meet the guideline of Florida’s growth management. Secondly, the Florida State and City of Jacksonville are using visioning process or other kind of processes to maximize citizen participation. Thirdly, due to very close relationship between private and public sectors, sometimes it is not clear to define which is public or private sector. Fourthly, the new legislations of Florida in 2005 focus on environment with adapting the concepts of new urbanism and sustainability.

Korea has experienced remarkable economic development and fast urbanization in short period. This development history caused some unplanned and problematic development. Smart growth may contribute to reduce the problems, such as social polarization and distorted real estate market, since the concept has social equity.

Another implication would be synthesized public financing for the development projects.

This synthesis will increase feasibility of project.

Research Period: 2006. 9. 1~2006. 11. 30

>> Smart Growth and Visioning Process : City of Jacksonville, Florida

스마트 성장과 비전수립 과정 : 플로리다주 잭슨빌시 사례

Hyun-Sun Choi & Young-Sub Kwon

This study began out of such a dilemma of the contemporary planners in the turbulent Korean context. That is, observing the growing conflicts and fights in the domain of public planning, planners might have to prepare a well defined lines of normatively participation-oriented planning paradigm. And such lines include theoretically normative assertions of participatory planning, the role of politics in the public planning process, legitimate programs for civil participation, conflict management, and so on.

The assertions found through the study include the fact that the theoretical trends are moving toward participatory and/or collaborative discussions based on the Critical Theory and New-insti- tutionalism in both the western and Korean context. Also, this study explores the specific cases of the Korean planning practice, and found the characteristics and vulnerabilities of the Korean public planning theory and practice. Those include immatured paradigm shift from conventional and functional planning to participatory planning ; institutionalized participation process are rather exterior than practical ; wrong or too late decision-making in dilemmatic situation, inconsistency and confusion of scientific matters and political issues ; and immatured governance

with civil society.

Based on those theoretical suggestions and con- textual findings, chapter 4 proposes a “Planning Paradigm in the Participatory Public Domain" the cores of which are : 1) public planning is both a process of social consensus building, and a man- agerial and scientific practice for collective action toward social betterment ; 2) for a decision-making, the priority should be put on social and com- municative rationality rather than technical rationality while the latter should not be ignored ; 3) planning is in the democratic political arena, and should be operated in the system involving the civil society ; 4) planning should follow various legitimate social values, and yet a special concern should be put on the matters of social justice ; 5) practicing planning should rely mainly on participatory consensus building and negotiation rather than conventional government drive ; and 6) in order to enhance the praxis power of these norms, it is necessary to institutionalize or systemize the consensus building procedure in advance of any real planning, conflict prevention, “neutral plan- ner," or collaborative governance.

Research Period: 2006. 1. 1~2006. 12. 31

>> Planning Paradigm in the Participatory Public Domain

: Theoretical Prospects and Practical Propositions in the Korean Context

참여시대 공공계획의 패러다임에 관한 연구

Jeong-Ho Moon, Ha-Baek Yang & Sun-Hee Kim

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01

34KRIHS

The study focuses on the establishment of the Regional Development Corporation (RDC) in Korea as an attempt to promote private investment in depressed regions. Specifically, RDC tar- gets the Development Promotion Zone that cov- ers most depressed regions in Korea and desig- nated by the Ministry of Construction and Trans- portation. According to the law of balanced regional development, local governments and private investors can establish RDC jointly for regional development projects.

RDC is a type of the Special Purpose Company (SPC) established to attract private sectors including financial institutions for regional development projects that are implemented usually by public sector. SPCs, similar to RDC in terms of the organization of the company and transaction structure among participants, include those for infrastructure construction such as roads and sewage treatment facilities. Unlike the SPCs established for single project of infrastructure construction, RDC implement multiple projects of regional development. RDC is excepted to improve the effectiveness of regional development programs by implementing multiple projects related each other as a package compared to implement single project using SPC.

Participation of private financial sector is a key factor to establish RDC, enabling to reduce the problems that arise from the shortage of financial capabilities of private investors in the Develop- ment Promotion Zone. The baseline for the participation of financial institutions in the RDC is capital gains, which can be complemented by policy incentives. Unlike urban areas, most depressed regions cannot offer reasonable profits to developers, requiring assistance of central and local governments. The assistance to the private sectors participated into RDC should be under- stood as a compensation, not special treatment, for the contribution to enhance public interests.

Policy suggestions presented in the report are : the improvement of basic conditions for the participation of private investors including a simpli- fication of the attraction plan of private investment for regional development ; enhanced power for land expropriation and exemption of taxes and charges to private developers ; extended exemption of local taxes and expropriation of the corporation tax ; and financial assistance, tax exemption and deregulation to RDC.

Research Period: 2006. 2. 1~2006. 7. 31

>> A Study on the Establishment of the Regional Development Corporation in Depressed Regions in Korea

낙후지역 활성화를 위한 지역개발법인 활용방안 연구 : 개발촉진지구를 중심으로 Won-Sup Lee

This study provides suggestions for the efficient implementation of RIPs by identifying current status and issues of the projects of cities in the NCR, and strategies to effectively promote RIPs by developer and city size, while strengthening regional competitiveness. This study conducts a survey among those involved in the promotion of RIPs, and carries out case studies of RIPs overseas. Complemented with the macro examination of the relationship between RIPs and innovation potentials, and case studies based on city size, the study tries to prepare measures for the efficient implementation of RIPs.

The major results of the study are as follows : First of all, it is necessary to implement, phase by phase, RIPs of small scale by ministry and business by systematizing and appropriately adjusting the size of the project. Secondly, the criteria for a successful project should be set at the planning stage, and the project should be promoted according to the criteria. Thirdly, since part of RIPs have their substantial service cover more than the goals of the project, it is not desirable to apply the Matching Fund of regional governments to all of the projects.

Fourth, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive budget system in the Special Account for

Balanced National Development, and publicize it in a phased manner. Fifth, a law should be enact- ed that clearly indicates new projects should be initiated based on the successful performance of existing projects at the time when a region or project promotion body enters a new business.

Sixth, RIPs should be promoted with different policy tools for different regions that are devised according to the varying development stage of each region. Seventh, for sustainable development of regions, RIPs should be promoted by reinforcing existing projects, and under the set ratio of entry of new projects. Lastly, in order to make RIPs successful, the projects should be organized and operated in such way as each individual participant can reap the benefit sufficient enough compared to the investment they have made.

Research Period: 2006. 1. 1~2006. 12. 31

>> Strategies for the Efficient Implementation of Regional Innovation Projects : towards Strengthening the Competitiveness of Cities in the Non-Capital Region

지방도시의 경쟁력 강화를 위한 지역혁신사업의 효율적 추진방안 연구

Young-Sub Kwon & Jung-Chuel Shin

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01

36KRIHS

02

The core of Korea's territorial development policy is balanced regional development and decentralization. Territorial development policy is prepared in a similar manner with a common backdrop globally. Accordingly, a comparative study on territorial development strategies of major countries of the world can provide crucial policy implications for future territorial policy development of Korea.

First of all, in France, the territorial policy paradigm has recently shifted from balanced regional development to strengthening of competitiveness ; for instance, restructuring of the CIADT to CIACT, and expansion of the DATAR to DIACT in late 2005.

Next, the Netherlands is promoting strategies to establish a desirable spatial structure : firstly, networking cities and reinforcing key economic areas ; secondly, developing various types of ports ; and lastly, improving the accessibility to high-speed transportation.

Third, in Ireland, the National Development Plan attempts to stratify the territory into Gate- way, Hub, and County/Town, and build a settlement system via dynamic rural development for balanced regional development. In addition, it includes relocating public agencies.

Fourth, Japan revised laws and regulations related to territorial planning in order to actively utilize marine resources and expand regional power. For example the Comprehensive National Development Plan was renamed as New National Land Sustainable Plan(NNLSP).

Lastly, the Chinese government has been announcing since 2005 such policies as large scale development plan for western China, plan to boost the former industrial zone in the north- eastern region, promotion of central region development and reinforcing of the development of the east.

Cases of territorial development of foreign countries have important policy implications for us as illustrated above. The future territorial policy of Korea should focus on harmony among quality of life, balance and growth, each of which have been sought separately until now. In addition, self-sufficiency, self-control and power decentralization should be taken seriously.

Research Period: 2006. 7. 14~2006. 12. 13

Report Descriptions: National Research Council For Economics, Humanities, and Social Sciences, 2006 National Agenda Project, 246pp

>> Territorial Policy in Overseas and its Implication for Korea

국토개발전략의 국제비교와 한국에 대한 시사점

Yang-Ho Park, Tae-Sung Suh, Won-Sub Lee, Ok-Ju Jeong, Se-Hoon Park & Jung-Eun Park

c h a p t e r

Environment &

Culture Research

■Analysis of Flood Damage Traits through a Field Study and Policy Implication

■Development of Sustainable Estuary Management Strategy in Korea

■Evaluation Framework for Water Demand Management

■Natioal Trust Approach for the Management of Greenbelts in Korea

■Spatial Development and Environmental Degradation

: Countermeasures Focusing on Planning Process and Institutionalization