World’s Leading Think Tank in the Field of Spatial Policy to Create New Territorial Values of the Future

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K o r e a R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e f o r H u m a n S e t t l e m e n t s

Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements 2009 Annual Report

KRIHS Annual Report

2009_國土硏究院珚次報告書

KRIHS Annual ReportKorea Research Institute for Human Settlements 2009Annual Report

224 Simin-ro, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 431-712, Korea Tel. 82-31-380-0114 Fax. 82-31-380-0470 http:// www.krihs.re.kr

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K o r e a R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e f o r H u m a n S e t t l e m e n t s

KRIHS Annual Report

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www.krihs.re.kr

World’s Leading Think Tank in the Field of Spatial Policy to Create New Territorial Values of the Future

KRIHS is committed to performing research on policies for the efficient use, development and conservation of territorial resources that will contribute to territorial development, economic growth and quality of life improvement .

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2009 was a year when the entire nation mar- shalled efforts to overcome the global economic crisis. As a result, Korea became the first among OECD countries to come out of the tunnel of recession. KRIHS also made great efforts to speed up the recovery.

Since its inception in 1978, KRIHS has ded- icated itself to developing future-oriented policies to boost national competitiveness.

Some of the plans, systems, and policies set up by KRIHS include territorial and regional plans, policies for preserving the national territory, land and housing development and supply policies, urban development and man-

agement policies, policies for fostering construction industries, national infrastructure supply policies, and geospatial information systems. Furthermore, KRIHS has tried to contribute to the advancement of the national territory by performing research on ways to bring about co-prosperity of North and South Korea and build Northeast Asian trans-border alliance, and fulfill its responsibility as a research institute that engenders efficient development of the national territory, stabi- lizes living conditions of ordinary citizens, and preserves territorial resources.

The 2009 research goal of KRIHS was to strengthen core competencies for creative development of the national territory. It performed some 190 research on various fields related to the national territory, including research on the establishment of a green territory. Three specific objectives-pursuit for co- prosperity of regions by exploring new growth engines; establishment of consumer- focused and practical territorial management systems; and provision of stable living conditions for the public and creation of a high- quality habitat-were established to meet this goal.

Research projects conducted to meet the objective of “Pursuit for co-prosperity of regions by exploring new growth engines"

include “A Study on Mega-Economic Region Development to Promote Korea's National

Message from the President

May, 2010 President Park Yangho

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Territorial Competitiveness”, “Green Growth and National Territorial Development”, “The Effects of Neighborhood Environment on Obesity”,

“Policy Measures to Encourage Package Deals Overseas”, “Strategies to Strengthen the Role of Construction Industry in the Regional Economy Vitalization”, “Cooperative Strategies for Capaci- ty Building on Spatial Planning Systems of Developing Countries”, and “Development of Port Business Valley toward Globally Integrated Logistics System”.

Also, research projects conducted to accomplish the objective of “Establishment of consumer-focused and practical territorial management systems” include “National Territorial Regeneration Strategies for Enhancement of National Competitiveness”, “Climate Change and Sustainable Land Management Strategies in Korea(II)”, “The New Visions and Strategies for National Territorial Development Model of Korea”, “A Study on the KRIHS Model for Analysis and Pre-estimation of Real Estate Mar- ket(II)”, “Revitalization of the Connecting Spaces on National Road System”, and “Establishing the Simulation System for National Territorial Policy”.

Finally, the following research projects were conducted to meet the objective of “Provision of stable living conditions for the public and creation of a high-quality habitat": “Measures to Enhance Social Capital in the Field of National Territorial Management(II)”, “Reinventing Urban

Policy in response to Ethnic Diversity: A Report on Emerging Ethnic Places in South Korea”, “A Study on Social Integration of The Nest-Housing District”, “Policy Directions for Stabilizing Land Market in the Era of De-regulation to Increase Urban Land Supply”, “Migration Patterns of Low-Income Residents and Settlement Strategies in Urban Regeneration Projects”, and “A Strate- gy to Construct the Spatial Information of National Territory for Socially Vulnerable Groups”.

This year's Annual Report contains the essence of research projects that KRIHS researchers conducted with all fervor and enthusiasm last year. The reason for putting together and publishing this Report, which is the summary of all previous year's research, is to motivate our research staff to reflect on and apply the lessons from past research in their future ones and to spread the research outcomes for utilization by people of all classes and groups.

We will continue to produce creative, customer-oriented “research products" and do our best to develop creative and practical territorial policies as behooves a leading policy research institute. We will also strive to become a world- class research institute to earn more trust and love from our citizens and the government. I ask for your continued support and watch us as we move forward. Thank you.

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6KRIHS

ChapterⅠ Overview 8

1. Foundation & Function 10

2. Organization & Staff 11

3. 2009 Research Accomplishments & 2010 Research Directions 12

ChapterⅡ 2009 Research Projects 16

1. National Territorial Planning & Regional Research Division 19

2. Green Territory & Urban Research Division 31

3. Housing, Land & Construction Economy Research Division 45 4. National Infrastructure & GIS Research Division 57

5. Index 71

Chapter Ⅲ International Cooperation 76

1. Joint Research 78

2. Conferences and Symposia 86

3. Training Programs for Foreign Government Officials 112

4. International Exchange and Events 114

ontents

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7KRIHS

Chapter Ⅴ Contents of Periodicals 2009 128

1. KRIHS Policy Brief(Vol. 211~Vol. 258) 130

2. The Korea Spatial Planning Review(Vol. 60~Vol. 63) 132

3. Space and Environment(Vol. 34~Vol. 37) 136

4. Road Policy Brief(Vol. 15~Vol. 26) 137

Chapter Ⅳ Research Support Activities 120

1. KRIHS Awarded “The Best Research Institute Award” 122 2. Series of Articles Published in the Korea Herald 122

3. MOUs 124

4. The 8th Excellent Dissertation Award Ceremony 125

5. The 14th “Love Our National Territory”Primary School Writing Contest 126

6. Publications 126

Chapter Ⅵ Research Divisions & Staff 142

1. President & Vice President 144

2. National Territorial Planning & Regional Research Division 147

3. Green Territory & Urban Research Division 159

4. Housing, Land & Construction Economy Research Division 169 5. National Infrastructure & GIS Research Division 177

6. Planning & Management Division 189

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1. Foundation & Function 10

2. Organization & Staff 11

3. 2009 Research Accomplishments &

2010 Research Directions 12

Overview

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10KRIHS

1. Foundation & Function

■Foundation & Purpose

The Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements(KRIHS) was established in 1978 to comprehensively undertake research activities concerning the efficient use, development, and conservation of the territorial resources, thus contributing to balanced development, of the territory and improvement of quality of people’s lives.

Since its inception, KRIHS has been committed to fulfilling its epochal mission of the “Creation of a territory with beautiful nature and pleasant living environment”, and in order to achieve the mission, KRIHS conducts research primarily on sustainable, balanced and knowledge-based territory, and those that contribute to the future of the national territory.

■Function

The main task of KRIHS is to conduct a future-oriented and practical research based on the actual conditions of the territory, with the intent to explore mid-to long-term policy agendas of the nation, lead and support government policies, and analyze and address territory-related social issues. It performs a wide range of research in the areas of land use and conservation, urban and regional planning, housing and land policies, transportation, construction economics, environment, water resources, geographic information system(GIS) and Northeast Asian regional issues, as well as the establishment of comprehensive territorial policies of Korea. By doing so, KRIHS is playing a leading role in realizing an affluent and safe territory. The major functions of KRIHS are as follows ;

●To formulate long-range national and regional development plans ;

●To carry out studies on the efficient use and conservation of the territory, and management of the land resources ;

●To conduct policy research on territory-related fields such as land, housing, urban planning and construction industry ;

●To perform comprehensive research on social overhead capital(SOC) ;

●To systematically manage and supply data on national land resources ;

●To carry out joint research and cooperative research project in collaboration with provincial governments, research institutes at home and abroad, and international organizations ;

●To provide research services to public and private organizations at home and abroad ;

●To exchange scholarly information with other professional organizations domestic and foreign, and provide training for human settlement management and planning professionals ;

●To publish and distribute its research outcomes ; and

●To perform projects related to the above research and others regarded as needed to achieve its goals

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11KRIHS ⅠOverview

2. Organization & Staff

■Organization

KRIHS is composed of five divisions and KRIHS-affiliated Architecture & Urban Research Institute:

National Territorial Planning & Regional Research Division, Green Territory & Urban Research Division, Housing, Land & Construction Economy Research Division, National Infrastructure & GIS Research Divi- sion, and Planning & Management Division.

■Staff

As of May 2010, a total of 152 persons are working at KRIHS: 129 researchers and 23 non-research personnel. The research staff is comprised of 83 Ph.Ds and 43 graduates with M.As with a variety of expertise such as urban & regional planning, transportation, engineering and economics.

President

Vice President

Research Advising Council Architecture & Urban Research Institute

National Territorial Planning & Regional

Research Division

Center for Mega Region Studies

Center for Capital Region Policy

Center for Industrial Location Policy

Center for Global Territorial Research

Green Territory

& Urban Research Division

Center for Territorial Policy

& Green Growth

Center for Urban Regeneration Policy

Center for Cultural Territorial Policy

Housing, Land &

Construction Economy Research Division

Center for Real Estate Market Analysis

Center for Housing Welfare Policy

Center for Land Policy

Center for Construction Economy

National Infrastructure & GIS

Research Division

Center for National Infrastructure Policy

Center for Road Policy Research

Center for Geospatial Information Research

Center for Territorial Policy Simulation

Planning &

Management Division

Center for Research Plan- ning & Strategy

Center for Management & Strategy

Center for Administration

& Operation

Total Executives

Researchers Others

Ph.D.s M.A.s B.A.s Administrators Specialists

Headcount President 83 43 3 18 5

152 1 129 23

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12KRIHS

■Executives

■2009 Research Projects

The research goal for 2009 was “Strengthening of core competencies to promote creative development of the national territory." Three specific objectives were established to accomplish this goal: pursuit for co- prosperity of regions by exploring new growth engines; establishment of consumer-focused and practical territorial management systems, provision of stable living conditions for the public, and creation of a high-quality habitat.

A total of 186 research projects were initiated in 2009 comprising 36 basic research projects including

“A Study of Green Growth-Oriented Territorial Development Strategy," 23 short-term research projects including “Overseas Case Studies and Implications for the Restoration of Four Major Rivers," and 127 consigned research projects including “Contractors for Establishing a Comprehensive Plan for Develop- ment of the South Coast Region." Among the projects, 36 basic research projects, 21 short-term research projects, and 70 consigned projects were completed in 2009 and the remaining 59 projects were carried

President Park Yangho

Vice President Sohn Kyunghwan

Head of Research Divisions

National Territorial Planning & Regional Research Division Kim Dongju

Green Territory & Urban Research Division Min Beumsik

Housing, Land & Construction Economy Research Division Kim Geunyong National Infrastructure & GIS Research Division Ryu Jaiyoung Head of Management Division

Planning & Management Division Yoo Jaeyoon

President of Architecture & Urban Research Institute Sohn Seikwan

3. 2009 Research Accomplishments &

2010 Research Directions

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over into 2010.

KRIHS undertook two government-consigned research projects in 2009. First was a project related with green growth-oriented territorial strategies. It involved exploring overall tasks and strategies for forging a green growth-oriented national territory in terms of land use, transportation, and housing. Second was research on territorial regeneration strategies for enhancing national competitiveness. It included territorial regeneration and development strategies and specific tasks by sector to rejuvenate the national and regional economy as currently, Korea needs urban, regional, and territorial regeneration policies and mega-economic regions to enhance national competitiveness. The research also suggested ways for establishing an effective implementation system.

■Projected Change in 2010 Research Environment and KRIHS Objectives

2010 will be a year when Korea's global standing and role will be strengthened as it becomes a host country of the G20 summit meeting. There will be a surge of opportunities for regional cooperation in the area of resource development, overseas new town development, and overseas infrastructure construction. Hence, there needs to be research to establish a strategic global paradigm of the national territory and global efforts such as provision of practical support for Southeast Asian countries, and expansion of opportunities to share Korea's experiences in territorial development with developing countries like Viet- nam, Indonesia, China, Mongolia, and Egypt. Also, there will be dramatic increase in the demand for research that enhances the national prestige: the restoration of four major rivers, full-fledged practice of green growth in the national territory, and development of mega-economic regions. There will also be a structural change in demand patterns, and various government ministries will be in need of territorial and urban development research, causing multiple ministries to collaborate in consigning research projects. Also, highly customized research projects that are provided just-in-time, just-in-place, and just-in- demand are expected to increase. Lastly, R&D institutes will become more diversified as exemplified by the assortment of government-run research institutes, provincial research institutes, private research institutes, universities, and associations, further intensifying competition among the institutes. There will also be burgeoning need for joint research to allow for inter-disciplinary approaches and technological convergence. In addition, the “process quality" will assume significance. In other words, the public will participate in various territorial planning processes, making them more democratic and practical. KRIHS set the following five to be its 2010 operating objectives to cope with such internal and external changes in the research environment. First is building customer and future-oriented research planning systems.

Second is building brand value of the research pool and strengthening its core competencies. Third is building and utilizing policy and knowledge-based eco networks. Fourth is supporting global research and exchanges. The last objective is building a community-like organizational culture.

13KRIHS ⅠOverview

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14KRIHS

■2010 Research Goal

Taking into account the internal and external changes in the research environment and goals and objectives of various institutes, KRIHS set 2010 research goal to be “The development of future-oriented policy for the creation of a green territory." The following are three concrete objectives to realize this goal. First is preparing green growth-oriented strategies to stimulate the economy. Specific measures to achieve this include building low carbon regions that feature integrated urban and rural environment where resources are recycled, preparing new water management policies to cope with climate change, and providing ways to build an urban environment conducive to attracting qualified talents.

Second is building a new settlement system that strengthens national competitiveness. Specific measures to achieve this include building self-sustainable communities to enhance local competitiveness, integrating key industries and setting up industrial location policies to strengthen national competitiveness, and improving capital regions to strengthen global competitiveness.

The last is building integrated territorial infrastructures to enhance the quality of life. Some specific measures include developing and applying investment appraisal methods for smart infrastructures, constructing multiple transit systems to enhance competitiveness of national logistics, and increasing application of the real estate market forecast model in policies to stabilize and advance the real estate market.

■2010 Core Research Projects

Of the projects to be initiated in 2010, core research capabilities will be strategically channelled into the following five projects.

The first project is “The Research on Consolidated Efforts to Restore Four Major Rivers." It includes drawing up waterfront utilization schemes through close cooperation with the central and local self-governments; composing plans for utilizing the land around tributaries of four major rivers and areas near rivers to stimulate the local economy; and building consolidated measures to bring together local self- governments of upper and lower rivers.

The second project is “The Research on the Pioneering of Global Spatial Project Toward Soft territory (I)." Importance is being placed on building a soft territorial space in this global society. A successful overseas market penetration model is required to promote the advancement of domestic firms, specialists, and talents overseas. This would speed up globalization of the national territory.

On a micro level, disseminating territorial project modules globally would help Korean firms advance overseas, which, in turn, would help boost the national economy. On a macro level, they would help build global partnerships. Such endeavors would contribute to building a soft territory, one that is highly competitive and is a stage for global activities.

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15KRIHS ⅠOverview

The third research project is “The Research on the Development and Practice of Low Carbon Green Ter- ritorial Indices." The aim of the research is to develop green territorial indices that help formulate green growth targets, push green growth policies, and evaluate effects of the policies. These are all part of an effort to launch full-scale green growth initiatives. The indices need to be developed to compare the con- dition of the entire territory before and after implementation of low carbon green growth policies.

The fourth project is “The Research on Policies for Bringing Stability and Security to Housing Procure- ment Conditions." Low income households are feeling insecure about housing due to rising housing costs and problems in housing policies. There is increasing demand for systemic and comprehensive research to stabilize housing conditions and tackle housing problems. The goal of this research project is to explore practical and specific policy measures to help ordinary citizens feel secure about their housing conditions and facilitate housing procurement.

The last project is “The Research for Fostering City-Regions(I).”Urban population accounts for over 90% of the country's population. In order to boost territorial competitiveness in this global age, it is imperative to set up policy measures to foster city-regions that link cities with their surrounding areas.

The first year of the three-year research will define and establish the concept of city-regions, examine overseas city-region policies and case studies, and analyze Korea's current city-regions and their competitiveness.

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1. National Territorial Planning & Regional Research Division 19 2. Green Territory & Urban Research Division 31 3. Housing, Land & Construction Economy Research Division 45 4. National Infrastructure & GIS Research Division 57

5. Index 71

Note: Eight cases of international joint researches in basic research project and irregu- lar research project which were carried out by KRIHS in 2009, cover chapter III international cooperative projects.

2009 Research Projects

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National Territorial Planning &

Regional Research Division

01 c h a p t e r

Mega Region Studies

■A Study on Mega-Economic Region Development to Promote

Korea's National Territorial Competitiveness 20

■National Territorial Regeneration Strategies for Enhancement of National Competitiveness 21

■The New Visions and Strategies for National Territorial Development Model of Korea 22

■A Study on a Place-based Integrated System for Regional Development in Korea 23 Capital Region Policy

■A Study on the Capital Region’s Development Strategies 24

Industrial Location Policy

■Improvement Strategy of Industrial Location Policy through Analyzing Location

Pattern in Emerging Industries 25

■Promotion of Firm Investment for the Local / Regional Economic Development Outside

the Capital Region of Korea 26

Global Territorial Research

■The Vision of the Korean Peninsula and Territorial Networking Strategies 27

■A Study on the Implementation Plan for Exchange and Cooperation Projects between

North and South Korea in the Demilitarized Zone 28

■Public-Private Collaboration Strategies for Promoting Overseas Urban Development 29

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20KRIHS

The objective of the study is to propose development strategies that will strengthen Korea's territorial competitiveness.

When we compared Korea’s mega regions with those of OECD members, we found that Korea's mega-economic regions relatively lag behind other regions in terms of service levels, R&D investment in universities and research institutes, and international patent levels.

The key factors of competitive regional growth by population size are as follows: human capital and innovation in regions with a population of between five and eight million, and spatial structure and quality of life in regions with over eight million people.

This study proposes the development strategies in terms of five critical characteristics: spatial structure, polycentric urban-region system, leading industries, transportation infrastructure, transborder regional cooperation, and a collaborative governance system.

To increase the global competitiveness of mega-economic regions, the spatial structure needs to be arranged polycentrically. There needs to be greater levels of specialization and connec- tivity of the core city with small and medium- sized cities.

In order to enhance global competitiveness of

leading industries, company-university clusters should be formed. It is necessary to build cooperation models for offering individual support. The spatial growth pole of leading industry should also be built.

Both building a mega-regional transportation infrastructure based on a master plan and improving global access through development of comprehensive networks need to be encouraged.

Transborder regional cooperation between mega-economic regions can be vitalized by extensive collaboration in economic, industrial and infrastructure fields. Both the central and regional governments should provide administrative, financial, and legal support for transborder cooperation.

Finally, there needs to be increased efforts to build collaborative governance systems: the formation of a committee of experts and influential mega-economic region committees, and introduction of institutional contracts for strong inter- local collaboration.

Research Period: 2009. 1. 1~2009. 12. 31

Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2009-36, 207pp

>> A Study on Mega-Economic Region Development to Promote Korea’s National Territorial Competitiveness

국토의 글로벌 경쟁력 강화를 위한 광역경제권 발전방안 연구

Kim Dongju, Kwon Youngsub, Ahn Hongki, Koo Jeongeun, Choi Inhye & Jeon Seongyeon

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21KRIHS National Territorial Planning & Regional Research DivisionⅡ2009 Research Projects

The study reviews previous studies and foreign cases regarding territorial competitiveness enhancement strategy. Especially, waterfront space, degenerated urban centers, and country resources are examined and strategies for territorial competitiveness are examined.

First, the study reviews old sea harbor regeneration projects and related policies. Especially the pros and cons of old harbor regeneration projects of Busan and Incheon and their procedures are analyzed. In addition, policy background of various waterfront regeneration projects, such as Namdaecheon and Kyungpocheon of Gangneung and Anyangcheon of Anyang, are reexamined.

The study shows that on-going waterfront regeneration projects mainly focus on the physical aspect of the river rather than actual needs of residents. The study also reviews urban regeneration projects. Especially, the redevelopment and regeneration of depressed urban centers, which once played the key role, are reviewed. The case study deals with the old urban center of Daejeon and Gwangju and old industrial districts of Daegu. Lastly, this study suggests sectoral strategies of territorial regeneration. Among other territorial strategies for enhancing national competitiveness, the study first focuses on maritime redevelopment strategies employed by Baltimore

(U.S.), Yokohama (Japan), and Dockland(U.K), for territorial restructuring. Above all, port city development strategies should focus on forging mixed use spaces.

On the other hand, riverside redevelopment should focus on building functional spaces for daily urban life, while urban center regeneration should focus on revitalizing major urban functions. Old industrial districts next to the urban boundary should be reborn as strategic tools for creating agglomeration economies of metropolitan areas.

Research Period: 2009. 1. 1~2009. 12. 31

>> National Territorial Regeneration Strategies for Enhancement of National Competitiveness

국가경쟁력 제고를 위한 국토재생 전략 연구

Kim Gwangik, Park Kyunghyun, Lim Sangyon & Suh Taeseong

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22KRIHS

>> The New Visions and Strategies for National Territorial Development Model of Korea 한국형 국토발전모형 정립 연구

Kim Sunhee, Kim Hyunsik, Lee Moonwoun, Paek Kyungjin & Lee Jiwon

The purpose of this research is to establish a territorial development model of Korea after analyzing and reviewing its geographic and natural fea- tures, territorial philosophy, territorial development framework, and possible changes in the future.

In this study, the achievements and characteristics of territorial policies during the 60 years after modernization are summarized. In terms of the characteristics of changes in territorial development, economic structure; population structure; management and utilization of the natural environment; trend of urbanization and urban changes; transport network; citizens' value system; and consumer patterns were analyzed and their implications were derived. The study also tried to forecast the future trend of territorial development and development factors by making predictions about expected changes in territorial conditions. In principle, the territorial plans or territorial development models should be established with an extremely long-term perspective.

The ultimate purpose of establishing the territorial development model of Korea is to improve the quality of life of its citizens as well as that of the territory, and in the end contribute to the culture of the 21st Century society.

The following are three core goals of the terri-

torial development model of Korea: first, succes- sion of eco-friendly territory, second, green growth and energy-efficient spatial restoration, and third, establishment of happy, healthy, and culture-oriented human settlements. We suggested following models to preserve eco-friendly territory: models for local renewal using the river network, formation of forestry towns, and creation of values through the archipelago. For green growth and energy-efficient spatial restoration, we suggested the models for low-carbon green transportation, time-frame zoning, natural energy corridors, and east-west growth axis. With regards to the models for happy, healthy, and culture-oriented human settlements, the following models were suggested: high-quality green city and village, amenity creation, and green culture models. In order to implement the national territorial development model of Korea, a great deal of discussions with various industries and sectors are required and concrete policies and implementation measures need to be set in place.

Research Period: 2009. 1. 1~2009. 12. 31

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This study is initially sparked by the critical fact that the present multiplicity and fragmentation of regional development programs impose unneces- sarily high transaction costs on various government agencies and cause considerable inefficien- cy. In order to enhance the effectiveness of regional development programs, this study tried to construct a place-based integrated implementation system and explore institutional devices for its successful application in Korea.

This study, the second part of a two-year project, identifies factors that facilitate an integrated implementation system by reviewing regional development programs-domestic and overseas.

The following is a result of the analysis of 14 integrated implementation cases of regional development programs. First, the central government's efforts to facilitate and support the integrated implementation seemed to be unsuccessful due to lack of appropriate understanding of local situations. Thus there is a critical need to improve the system of cooperation between the central and local governments. Second, most integration efforts of domestic cases were administered in small scales-within the same department or within one locality. Third, the efforts at the local level were mainly focused on short term and operating cost saving measures rather than long term and

regional competitiveness improvement measures.

Fourth, most domestic regional developments were driven by strong leadership and passion of mayors or top government officials who are in charge of local economic development.

This study proposed policy directions and implementation principles for building an integrated regional development system in Korea. It includes many consultations with local and central government officials who are involved in regional development programs. We constructed feasible and practical multi-level integrated models for each implementation stage of development programs. The general principles of constructing integrated system for regional development are suggested in terms of organization, procedure, scope, content, and objective. Also specific models and programs are suggested.

Research Period: 2009. 1. 1~2009. 12. 31

Report Descriptions: Vol.1(279pp, KRIHS Research Report 2009-48), Vol.2(425pp, KRIHS Research Report 2009-48-1)

>> A Study on a Place-based Integrated System for Regional Development in Korea 지역개발사업의 통합적 추진모형 구축 및 적용방안(II)

Cha Misook, Kim Jaeyoung, Kim Taehwan, Park Jeehyun & Nam Yoonwoo et.al.

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24KRIHS

There has been radical changes in circumstances surrounding the Capital Region of Korea since the new government was launched in 2008: deregu- lation on the Capital Region, introduction of 5+2 mega-economic regions program and establishment of a new national development vision embracing green growth. Furthermore, other capital regions, such as Tokyo metropolitan area in Japan, Il-de-France in France, and southeast region in England recently presented new development plans which aimed to enhance global competitiveness.

This study thus attempts to build new development strategies for the Capital Region in view of these changing contexts. Conclusions are as follows:

① The Capital Region needs to take more aggressive roles beyond its current status as a supporter for balanced national development, i.e., as an economic center of East Asia or a leading region in a race for green growth and as a place for human settlements for almost 25 million people. ② In regard to globalization of the Capital Region, several cities including Seoul, Incheon, Suwon, Pajoo, Ansan, and Pyeongtaek need to be built up as international hub-cities. ③ It is necessary to promote green technologies or green

industries and push energy saving policies in the construction and transport sector. This will help the Capital Region assume a superior position in the global rally for green growth. ④ In order to make the Capital Region a decentralized region with multicenters, the following needs to be added in urban planning: developing a business district near subway catchment areas, dispersing jobs toward the outskirts of Seoul, fostering some regional hub cities and systemizing transport networks between hub cities. ⑤ Upgrading of industrial structure and development of regional clusters are essential to strengthen industrial competitiveness of the Capital Region. ⑥ In order to maximize interregional spillover effect between the Capital Region and other provinces, it is necessary to speed up the development of Innovation Cities and KTX catchment area, expand transport networks and reallocate development gains from the Capital Region. ⑦ Specific action plans need to be set up to actualize the new government's statement in 2008 which entails a policy shift in the Capital Region management method.

Research Period: 2009. 1. 1~2009. 12. 31

>> A Study on the Capital Region’s Development Strategies 수도권 발전전략 연구

Lee Dongwoo, Yi Choonyong, Seo Yeonmi & Yoon Youngmo

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This study aims to improve the industrial location policy in emerging industries in terms of their location patterns and characteristics. In order to understand location patterns and characteristics of emerging industries at the micro level, we analyzed location motivations, location determi- nants, satisfaction level with location environments, and improvements on location policy from a survey of IT(Information Technology), BT(Biotechnology), ET(Energy Technology), and CT(Culture Technology) firms. Additionally we examined incubation and location policy, and national and international trends for IBEC-T industries.

In this study, “an emerging industry” is an industry which was not growing fast in the past, but is growing rapidly recently or is showing growth potential, and which is at the early stage of assuming comparative advantage.

The advent of emerging industries is due to such factors as development of new markets, new raw materials, new technology, new products, new firms and organizations. Emerging industries can be classified into six types according to the latest technologies: 6T(IT, BT, ET, CT, NT, and ST) industries. Note that IBEC-T industries are defined as emerging industries in this study.

The location policy for IBEC-T firms should be

different from that for manufacturing companies.

The location policy for IBECT firms should take the following points into consideration: ① the necessity of spatial policy for overall industries including primary industry, secondary industry, and tertiary industry, ② the fusion of industrial policy and spatial policy, ③ the systematization of location policies for emerging industries through new technologies, and ④ establishment of location policies that accommodate emerging industries.

In conclusion, recommendations for location policy in emerging industries are summarized as follows: amendment of standards for industrial complexes of Korea, development of high-tech industrial parks as a national strategy, establishment of emerging industry clusters, paradigm shift in industrial location policies, supporting measures meeting the trends of industry mix, and location policies that take into account regional and industrial conditions.

Research Period: 2009. 1. 1~2009. 12. 31

>> Improvement Strategy of Industrial Location Policy through Analyzing Location Pattern in Emerging Industries

신성장산업의 입지패턴 분석을 통한 산업입지정책 개선방안 연구

Kwon Youngsub, Kim Eunnan, Kim Daejong & Koo Jeongeun

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01

26KRIHS

This study deals with the promotion of firm investment for local/regional economic development.

Especially, our work focuses on Korean government's financial supports(e.g. grant, tax exemption or relief) to foster inward investment and business start-up/expansion outside the Cap- ital Region of Korea(henceforth, CRK).

First, the national government should concen- trate financial resources on innovation-based indigenous firms with high growth potential, in order to facilitate the start-up/expansion of such firms which are likely to expand and enhance local/regional economies outside the CRK. It includes increasing the total amount and dura- tion of government's grants and tax incentives for promising and growing indigenous enterprises and start-ups. It also includes re-organizing existing local/regional governance structures to support local firms and government-backed venture capitals. Local venture capitals can efficiently and effectively support indigenous enterprises and thereby, help local economies. The national government can invest in venture capitals and private venture capital firms can operate the funds discreetly for maximum profit.

Second, the national government should con- centrate grants and tax incentives on exogenous

firms that carry out inward investment and that are highly likely to contribute to local/regional economic development. Given this principle, the government should specify criteria of the inward investment, which are likely to improve the con- cerned local/regional economies outside the CRK, and present then in the form of a policy guideline. Such a guideline could produce the following results: new/subsequently expanded investment by an exogenous firm, net employment creation, relocation investment by a large enterprise and related contracting firms, simultaneous/suc- cessive installation of production and R&D facilities, and linkage of an exogenous firm to a host local/regional economy.

Research Period: 2008. 9. 1 ~ 2009. 9. 30

>> Promotion of Firm Investment for the Local / Regional Economic Development Outside the Capital Region of Korea

지역경제 살리기를 촉진하기 위한 기업의 지방투자 활성화 방안

Byun Pillsung, Byeon Sehil & Lee Dongwoo

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In this study, we made an important assumption that there will be a peaceful development of inter-Korean relationship. It is assumed that the two Koreas are going to build a common market in the Korean Peninsula by 2030 based on a fun- damental reform of the North. Based on the survey results and through discussions at the round table, we adopted a phrase “Network Hub Korea", which essentially means that the Korean Peninsu- la leads cooperation and integration of Northeast Asia based on its geo-political, geo-economic, and geo-cultural potential. An alternative vision in the less optimistic case would be “ridge between Northeast Asian countries." This implies the Korean Peninsula plays a role as a conduit of flows and limited cooperative activities between countries in Northeast Asia.

In order to realize the vision of “Network Power Korea" Korea needs long-term strategies that reflect basic concepts of the vision. Through several rounds of the roundtable, we came up with the following strategies: First, we need to consider a strategy for building a “World-class Korean Peninsula." In order to be a hub of international cooperation in East Asia, the Korean Peninsula should have global competitiveness. A world-class Korean Peninsula requires advanced technologies, services, and infrastructure, both

physical and institutional. This goal can be achieved by focusing first on a few cities. Build- ing “World Class Cities" can begin in the Seoul- Incheon and Busan-Ulsan region, which are the two most developed regions in the Korean Penin- sula. Second, we need a strategy for an integrated Korean Peninsula. The key task, perhaps the most difficult one, is to overcome the division and to build an integrated economic community in the peninsula. Third, we need a strategy for a net- worked Korean Peninsula. In order to be a hub of networking in East Asia, the Korean Peninsula should be a barrier-free and open place where all kinds of interactions flourish. Expanding inter- face with neighboring countries and the global community should be the key strategy. The vision for the Korean Peninsula suggested in this paper cannot be realized without the support and cooperation of the international community. A multilateral security and cooperation framework including two Koreas and China, Japan, Russia, and the US is critical to achieve the vision. The vision of the peninsula can be linked to discussions about building a multilateral cooperation framework for resolving nuclear problem and development of the peninsula.

Research Period: 2009. 1. 1~2009. 12. 31

>> The Vision of the Korean Peninsula and Territorial Networking Strategies 한반도의 비전과 개방형 국토발전 전략

Lee Sangjun, Chung Ilho, Kim Wonbae, Kwon Youngsub & Seo Minho

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01

28KRIHS

>> A Study on the Implementation Plan for Exchange and Cooperation Projects between North and South Korea in the Demilitarized Zone

비무장지대 평화적 이용을 위한 남북한 협력사업 추진에 관한 연구

Kim Youngbong, Lee Seungbok & Kim Eunjung

The purpose of this study is to establish a master plan for building peaceful and useful strategies for the DMZ. The spatial range of the study includes the 4km-wide DMZ, divided in the mid- dle by the Military Demarcation Line(MDL).

Based on the GIS, SWOT, ERRC, and other analyses, four broad categories of environment and ecology, history and culture, global peace, and inter-Korean exchanges were identified, and based on a survey, four specific projects were derived for each category. According to the AHP result, the projects with high priority were as follows: designation of UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, joint efforts to prevent natural disasters, restoration of the castle town of Taebongguk Gungye, tourism linked with the military heritage, establishment of University of Peace(UPEACE) and UN environmental institute, and establishment of joint agricultural complex in between the two Koreas.

According to a GIS result, only 7.7% of the total DMZ area was developable. 12.6% of the western part, 9.6% of the central part, and 1.3%

of the eastern part of the DMZ were assessed to be developable, meaning that western and central parts are suitable for building facilities. 42.2km² of the western area around Paju City, and 20.5km²of the central area around Cheorwon

plain could be utilized for collaborative projects.

It is expected that once inter-Korean projects are launched, military tensions that have charac- terized the Korean Peninsula for more than half a century would subside. It is becoming more necessary to prepare systematically for the joint use of the DMZ, and to create conditions required for the reunification of Korea by promoting inter- Korean exchanges and collaboration. This study tried to restore the cultural and historical heritage and preserve the high level of biodiversity within the DMZ. It is expected that the DMZ would provide a pathway for collaboration between the North and South Korea and improve the competitiveness of the Korean Peninsula.

Research Period: 2009. 1. 1~2009. 12. 31

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29KRIHS National Territorial Planning & EnvironmentⅡ2009 Research Projects

This study aims to analyze the current status and problems of overseas urban development and suggest its basic directions and strategies.

First, the study examines some theories of overseas urban development such as direct investment theory, portfolio theory, and regional development and planning theory, identifies roles of developers, and examines concepts and types of overseas urban development.

Next, it analyzes and discusses the current status and problems surrounding the overseas construction industry. The amount of order received by Korean construction contractors from abroad was $49 billion in 2009 alone. This is the 12th largest in the world in terms of its market share.

However, many problems exist such as lack of information and local network, lack of project feasibility analysis, and insufficient capability to attract consumers. Another problem is that most overseas construction projects are concentrated only in certain regions and certain sectors. The biggest problem, however, is that most projects are contractor-based and not developer-based and that projects are implemented mostly by private companies without the involvement of the government and therefore, face many obstacles and difficulties in the process.

Third, the study estimates the value of residen-

tial and commercial real estate development of 162 developing and underdeveloped countries.

According to our research estimate, the value of the real estate development in these countries will reach $85.78 trillion by 2015, which is approxi- mately 98 times the size of GDP of Korea. It is assumed that this market will become a blue ocean for Korean developers.

The study has following implications. First, laws that specify concepts and roles of developers should be enacted for overseas development. Sec- ond, a central government control tower should be established, one that coordinates the entire overseas urban development through information network, overseas network, and overseas project evaluation systems. It should also serve as a channel for training officials of underdeveloped countries.

Research Period: 2009. 1. 1~2009. 12. 31

>> Public-Private Collaboration Strategies for Promoting Overseas Urban Development 민관협력시스템을 통한 해외도시개발 촉진방안 연구

Jo Jincheol, Park Eunkwan, Kim Sungil, Yoon Hajung, Cho Joohyun, Kim Suhyun & Kim Ilsuk

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c h a p t e r

Green Territory &

Urban Research Division

02

Territorial Policy & Green Growth

■Green Growth and National Territorial Development : Spatial Impact Analysis 32

■Climate Change and Sustainable Land Management Strategies in Korea(II) : Establishment of Policy for the Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change 33

■Resilient Urban Areas Against Climate Change

: A Synergistic Approach to Urban Hazard Mitigation 34

■Concepts and Policies of Green Growth and National Territory Management 35

■Measures to Enhance Social Capital in the Field of National Territorial Management(II) 36

■Making the Case for Possible Korean Application of the UK Low-carbon Model

of Ecotown Development 37

■A Study on Green Growth Action Programs toward The Green City Based on

Low Carbon Emissions : the Case of Austin 38

■International Case Study for the South Korean Four Major River Restoration Project 39 Urban Regeneration Policy

■Rational Implementation Method of Urban Regeneration Project 40

■A Strategy for Promoting Community Business as a Catalyst for Urban Regeneration 41

■The Effects of Neighborhood Environment on Obesity 42

Cultural Territorial Policy

■Reinventing Urban Policy in response to Ethnic Diversity

: A Report on Emerging Ethnic Places in South Korea 43

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32KRIHS

02

This study aims to identify effects of government's various green territorial policies on the national territory and thereby, help establish specific countermeasures to reduce carbon emission.

Main results of this research are as follows: Using the CGE model, this study applies the European carbon tax system considering macroeconomic variables of the future such as national economic prices, GDP, production and export. When the carbon tax is applied, the prices increased by 0.08%~0.56% and the GDP decreased by 0.19%~0.83%. Carbon reduction ratio reached 2.16%~4.54%, which is similar to the government's target ratio of 4%~8%.

Using a multi regional input-out model, this study established three national carbon reduction scenarios. The first scenario is allowing the increase of carbon emission by 8% from 2005.

The second scenario is maintaining the 2005 carbon emission level, and the third scenario is reducing the emission rate by 4%. In Korea, the total amount of carbon emission reaches 87,693 thousand tons, out of which 30,694 thousand tons, 35% of the total, are released from the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Scenario one and two had negative effects on the Seoul metropolitan area and industrial sites. Even though the gross national product increased on both scenarios, the

carbon emission also increased. To reduce carbon emission, many areas need to be improved first before implementing any strategies. The government should also make efforts to create eco- friendly industrial and living environments.

Research Period: 2009. 1. 1~2009. 12. 31

>> Green Growth and National Territorial Development : Spatial Impact Analysis 녹색성장형 국토발전 전략 연구 : 국토공간영향분석을 중심으로

Kim Chongwon, Jeong Younhee & Lee Syunguk

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33KRIHS Ⅱ2009 Research ProjectsGreen Territory & Urban Research Division

This research is part of a three year project launched in 2008 to set up climate change and sustainable land management strategies. The first year research analyzed regional characteristics and estimation of greenhouse gas emissions by region. The second year research(2009) covers policies for the alleviation and adaptation to climate change according to regional situations based on past and future climate data.

The purpose of the second year research is to suggest “customized" regional policy themes and categorize regions based on the analysis of vulnerable structure by region. Another goal is to suggest the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and regional characteristic indicators.

To suggest “customized" regional policy themes, this research largely takes three steps. The first step is to categorize regions. The second step is to identify vulnerability of each region and its current capability to adapt to climate change. The last step is to provide policy themes by region that should be promoted for emission mitigation and adaptation to climate change.

The regions are categorized into A, B, C and D depending on the size, location, and the relationship between per capita greenhouse gas emission and regional characteristic indicators. The VIRP

Model categorized regional characteristics by classifying vulnerability and adaptability of administrative units such as Si, Gun, and Gu.

The importance of this research lies in suggest- ing the mitigation policy by region by classifying regions according to their regional characteristic indicators. The greenhouse gas emissions is caused by different factors in each region. Thus, it is important to elicit major factors affecting greenhouse gas emissions. The first year research divided four type of regions based on the inven- tory of indicators affecting greenhouse gas emissions and suggested the mitigation policy by region.

Research Period: 2009. 1. 1~2009. 12. 31

>> Climate Change and Sustainable Land Management Strategies in Korea(II)

: Establishment of Policy for the Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change

기후변화에 대응한 지속가능한 국토관리 전략(II) : 기후변화 완화 및 적응을 위한 정책과제 도출

Kim Myungsoo, Park Jungeun, Choi Yeongkook, Sim Oubae, Im Eunsun, Lee Moonwoun, Chung Jinkyu, Wang Kwangik & Seo Yeonmi

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34KRIHS

02

This study systematically analyzed the impact of climate change on a city. First, experts from various fields are consulted to identify components of a city, and an analysis is performed to identify the potential impact of climate change on each component (e.g., citizens and urban facilities).

Based on the result, urban spaces and factors vulnerable to climate change are identified and the damage examined. This study will serve as basic data for creating countermeasures against climate change.

In this study, cities are classified according to city locations and land use characteristics, and using previous data, coastal and inland areas are analyzed and the elements vulnerable to climate change are identified based on data on flood and drought damages, average and highest tempera- tures, and the amount of precipitation. Finally, the impact of climate change on each type of city was analyzed.

Meanwhile, the study seek to establish an effective approach for responding to climate change based on the analysis of the impact of climate change on cities and review of local and international adaptation techniques. In addition, by analyzing the difference between previous disasters and disasters due to climate change, new disaster prevention strategies and policy tasks are

suggested.

In conclusion, the purpose of this study is to establish effective adaptation strategies for population and infrastructures where the impact of climate change is most severely felt. This study focuses on clarifying where and how climate change impacts cities and the areas that are vulnerable. It is expected that the central government and local governments will utilize the result of the study to set up the direction for improving the countermeasures against climate change.

Research Period: 2009. 1. 1~2009. 12. 31

>> Resilient Urban Areas Against Climate Change : A Synergistic Approach to Urban Hazard Mitigation 기후변화에 안전한 재해통합대응 도시 구축방안 연구(I)

Sim Oubae, Wang Kwangik, Lee Bumhyun, Cha Jungwoo & Kim Hagyeol

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Green growth refers to a virtuous cycle between economic development and environmental conservation. It should be accomplished by green economy, green environment, and green society.

Green growth involves all three areas, and policies need to be established for all three. It is especially necessary to establish territorial policies and visions that incorporate the concept of green economy, green environment, and green society.

Green economy, green environment, and green society are all inter-related, and synergy and virtuous cycle need to be created among these. In this research, accomplishing green society is considered as the foremost priority. The government should put priority in the construction of social infrastructures to achieve green society. Green growth refers to achieving economic development and improvement of life through green technology. Along with these three core areas, nine green growth objectives are suggested in this study. The government should in build social infrastructures through green life, green cooperation, and green thinking. Green growth is a system that creates a virtuous cycle between environment and economy and accomplishes economic development and improvement of life by green technology. The three core areas and nine detailed objectives for green growth are suggested

in this research.

This research also suggests six policies that need be promoted in the field of territory as territory is the spatial foundation for green growth.

However, there are many areas that need to be improved in the field of construction, transportation, energy industry, resource reuse and recy- cling, water resource and disaster prevention, and institutional measures. Perhaps, this research is the first research on green growth to suggest policies and specific objectives for the territorial field. To accomplish these objectives, concrete implementation strategies need to be developed.

Research Period: 2008. 11. 28~2009. 11. 28

>> Concepts and Policies of Green Growth and National Territory Management 녹색성장 개념정립과 국토분야 정책과제

Kim Myungsoo, Chung Jinkyu, Park Taesun, Wang Kwangik, Seo Yeonmi, Park Jungeun & Baik Seunghyun

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36KRIHS

02 >> Measures to Enhance Social Capital in the Field of National Territorial Management(II) 국토관리분야의 사회적 자본 확충방안(II)

Kim Sunhee, So Jingwang, Han Gyeongwon, Park Changseok, Mo Changhwan, Hwang Wonsil & Choi Seonju

This research is the second-year study of a two- year project began in 2008 and supported by the National Research Council for Economics, Humanities and Social Sciences. The primary purpose of the research is to obtain policy implications for territorial management by analyzing the methods of accumulating social capital. The results are as follows. ① Territorial management activities and social capital shows positive rela- tionships, ② Local participation is important in designing national land management system, ③ Every region and field has its own mechanisms and paths to enhance social capital, ④ High resi- dential participation in local issues makes local networks stronger, ⑤Building pleasant public spaces through territorial management raises the level of satisfaction of residents, ⑥ Public-private partnerships for national territorial management produce more effective outputs, ⑦ Local residents are not only service recipients but also policy producers, ⑧ Existing horizontal and open organizations are necessary for securing social capital, ⑨ The direction needs to be changed from forming a community level network to a national level network, ⑩ More active participation of local residents’ participation in policy decision-making will result in more effective outputs. The following are policy examples of using

social capital by types of policy fields: ① The social class is one of the most important factors to consider when using social capital in public policies, ② The quality of life should be improved through both physical growth and social progress, ③ The intervention of government to increase social capital does not always guarantee success of the policy, ④ One of the best ways to increase social capitals is to refrain from damaging them, ⑤Social capitals can be considered as cultural artifacts as well, ⑥ Part- nerships among public, private, and nongovern- mental sectors are important to build social capitals.

In conclusion, this study proposes a paradigm shift from a top-down style of national territorial management to a bottom-up style management.

This study may not be perfect, but it sheds light on the importance of social capitals, especially in territorial management.

Research Period: 2009. 1. 1~2009. 12. 31

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The study aims to review UK's national policies and programs to cope with climate change, expe- cially focusing on the eco-town programme; conduct case studies of eco-town development; and provide useful insights for developing green cities in Korea.

The case studies covered in this study are Rackheath Eco-town project proposing 5,000 new homes in Greater Norwich, Pennbury Eco-town project proposing 15,000 new homes in Leicester- shire, Northstowe Eco-new town project that aims to provide 9,500 new homes in Cam- bridgeshire, and Upton project that proposes building more than 1,000 new homes in Northampton.

The results are briefly summarized as follows.

The case studies provide a snapshot of development at each point in the projects’ lifecycle. The implications from the study are as follows. First, in Korea, low-carbon urban development is implemented without any upper level plans whereas in the UK, the projects are carried out in a thoroughly systematic and planned way. Sec- ond, in Korea, most low-carbon green city developments are implemented mostly by the public sector whereas in the UK, various parties interest- ed in the development take part in the project.

Third, in Korea, the focus is more on building

energy-efficient spaces, encouraging the use of public transportation, and expanding facilities that use new renewable energy, but in the UK, the focus is on providing job security through education, raising up talents, creating new jobs through green industries, and constructing eco towns. Fourth, Korea as yet only considers physical aspects of low-carbon green cities whereas the U.K envisages formation of a community when making green city plans. Fifth, many ministries carry out projects individually and the projects tend to overlap in Korea whereas in the U.K., each ministry has its own unique function and interacts with other ministries in a systematic and integrated manner. Sixth, in Korea, each ministry follows a different set of rules and regulations in conducting projects whereas in the U.K., a clear legal standard is in place for the forging of eco towns. Finally, Korea does not as yet provide clear guidelines to developers whereas the U.K.

provides clear standards and codes to eco town developers and therefore can maintain unity and congruence in development.

Research Period: 2009. 4. 1~2009. 6. 30

>> Making the Case for Possible Korean Application of the UK Low-carbon Model of Ecotown Development

영국 저탄소형 에코타운 조성사례와 국내 적용가능성 연구

Lee Soonja & Michael Chang