08 c h a p t e r
85KRIHS Northeast Asian Regional Development Research
08
84KRIHS Ⅱ2006 Research Projects
It is expected that China's three northeast provinces' economic development will have a huge impact on North Korea, in particular, border regions facing China. By taking a closer exami-nation on China's three northeast provinces' development strategy, development plans in con-crete terms and their development effects, the study aims at analyzing the development poten-tial and economic impact on the industry and infrastructure of the China-North Korea border regions of China's three northeast provinces. This study proposes pertinent policy directions for the Korean government so that the industrial devel-opment of the China-North Korea border regions would have a positive impact on the integrated south-north Korean economy. This study also recommends that South Korea should try to turn the current bilateral cooperation between China and North Korea in the China-North Korea border regions into a three-way cooperation among South Korea, North Korea and China.
Based on the impact analysis of China’s three northeast provinces' development on the industry
& infrastructure of the China-North Korea border regions, this study suggests policy directions and strategies that South Korea government needs to pursue for the benefit of the Korean peninsula.
China-North Korea border regions' industrial development is deemed to be significant. Inter-Korean cooperation is necessary to turn the impact of northeast China's development for the benefit of both the North Korean economy and the eventual unified economy in the Korean peninsula. South Korea will be sidelined if it does not construct channels to make influence on the development of China-North Korea border regions in a short period of time either by inter-Korean cooperation or three-way cooperation including China. This is because North Korea's dire economic conditions will push the China-North Korea border regions to be developed for the benefit of China. Therefore, it is critical to shift the current development trend of the border regions into a mode to secure economic benefits for North Korea and the Korean peninsula. Three-way or multilateral cooperation is an effective avenue to turn the current bilateral exchanges between China and North Korea.
Research Period: 2006. 1. 1~2006. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2006-10, 199pp
>> Impact Analysis of China’s Three Northeast Provinces’ Development on the Industry and Infrastructure of the China-North Korea Border Region
중국 동북3성 개발이 북∙중 접경지역 산업 및 기반시설에 미치는 영향분석
Won-Bae Kim, Sung-Su Lee, Myung-Chul Cho, Ihk-Pyo Hong, Seung-Ho Jung & Hyun-Jung Park
This study deals with physical infrastructure devel-opment in North Korea. Infrastructure develdevel-opment in North Korea has special meanings. First, it con-stitutes an important prerequisite for the recovery of the North Korean economy. Second, it is critical to achieving a geo-economic integration of South and North Korea. Third, it is essential for securing the locational advantage of the Korean peninsula.
Finally, it plays a catalyst role in facilitating region-wide infrastructure networks in Northeast Asia.
In order to fully realize the above meanings of infrastructure development and to reflect security and economic uncertainties surrounding the Korean peninsula, this study proposes a multilateral approach instead of inter-Korean approach to design and develop infrastructure facilities in North Korea. Such a shift in approach is necessary, when one considers the nature of so-called ‘North Korean problem,' which is already global in its character.
Given the fact that China's influence is growing in North Korea, inter-Korean approach does have a danger of continued division of the Korean penin-sula in a different form. It is therefore much desired to establish a multilateral cooperation framework, in which concerned parties develop and share a common vision for the Korean peninsula.
The need for multilateral cooperation in
infra-structure development in North Korea is also justi-fied on the ground that immediate demands for infrastructure except for energy facilities stem pri-marily from bilateral exchanges. Identifying the demand for transport infrastructure arising from bilateral exchanges and providing necessary facili-ties are therefore very important for the Korean peninsula to function as a role of bridge in North-east Asia's trade network. Providing such infra-structure will not only help relieve infrainfra-structure shortages in North Korea but also help facilitate building infrastructure networks in Northeast Asia.
This study attempted to develop a flexible and feasible design of infrastructure building in the North reflecting the uncertainties surrounding North Korea. The study is, however, deficient in many respects including demand assessment based on the guesstimates. Also, multilateral approach recommended in this study needs to be further probed into by analyzing the real inten-tion and willingness of actors, who are concerned with North Korea's future.
Research Period: 2006. 1. 1~2006. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2006-43, 176pp
>> Basic Design of Infrastructure Development in the Korean Peninsula(I)
한반도 기반시설 개발의 기본구상 연구(I)Won-Bae Kim, Sung-Su Lee, Jai-Young Ryu & Sang-Woo Park
87KRIHS Northeast Asian Regional Development Research
08
86KRIHS Ⅱ2006 Research Projects
The aim of the research is to find the strategies of the efficient utilization of tourism resources in North Korea. This research is composed of 7 chapters. The first chapter is an introduction of the research that constitutes background, necessi-ty, purpose, methodology, and literature review of the research.
The chapter II first deals with the concept of tourism in North Korea, recent cognition change of tourism, the difference of cognition about tourism between North and South Korea. Next, the chapter introduces effect to North-South cooperation through the usage of North Korean tourism resources. The chapter III examined the evolution of tourism and tourism policy, associat-ed institutions, characteristics of main tourism resources, and tourism infrastructure in North Korea. In this chapter, SWOT analysis is used to evaluate potential of tourism industry and devel-opment possibility of it. The chapter IV is related to foreign case studies. First, the chapter intro-duces tourism industries in former socialist coun-tries in order to understand general pattern and contribution of tourism for their countries' suc-cessful transition. After that, the foreign case studies found more suitable cases for North Korea.
The socialist developing countries such as Cuba,
Vietnam, and China are selected for the best to obtain more adjustable discipline from the cases.
The chapter V includes development potential of tourism resources in North Korea and demand analysis. In the case of development potential of tourism resources, the study deals with the devel-opment possibility of North Korean tourism resources. For the demand analysis, it focused on demand of tourists in the main tourist points such as Mt. Keumkang, Gaesung, Mt. Baekdu, Pyongyang, Sinuiju, Manpo and Ganggae, and Najin-Seonbong. The chapter VI examined devel-opment strategies of tourism resources, selection of pilot tourism region after evaluating each region's accessibility, demand, and other factors to affect the tourism, and pilot projects' economic impacts to North Korea. The chapter VII is the conclusion that describes contribution of the research, policy implications, and limitation and later research of the research. Also, the study emphasizes institutional improvement of tourism system and international cooperation for the uti-lization of tourism resources in North Korea.
Research Period: 2006. 1. 1~2006. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2006-42, 188pp
>> Strategies for the Efficient Utilization of Tourism Resources in North Korea : Cooperative Measures for Pilot Tourism Projects in North Korea
북한관광자원의 효율적 활용방안에 관한 연구 Young-Bong Kim, Moon-Won Lee & Jin-Cheol Jo
The purposes of this study are, firstly, to propose measures for a rational rearrangement and man-agement of the areas of military installations pro-tection through the analysis of their actual condi-tions and long-pending problems, and secondly, to seek means to ease inconveniences the inhabi-tants experience and enhance the efficiency of national land use through the revision of existing laws and regulations related to the areas of mili-tary installations protection.
The major issues regarding the areas of military installations protection in the nation are firstly, a high proportion of the protection areas to the ter-ritory, and spatial concentration of the areas in certain regions in the territory. Secondly, exces-sive restrictions within the areas are posing obstacles to economic activities. Lastly, the exces-sive and unclear nature of the regulations related to the areas, and dual management of them are problematic.
In order to achieve above goals, it is necessary to revise the laws and regulations related to the areas of military installations protection. For instance, it is important to readjust the areas and further, promote the readjustment by reinforcing the Council of Protection Areas while installing the Advisory Committee.
It needs reform and revision of the military installation protection related law. For this first of all, it needs the adjustment of the military instal-lation protection areas. It must be establish the protection areas council and the consolidation of the advisory committee.
At the same time, the reasonable rearrange-ment of the protection areas the improverearrange-ment in the negotiation with the military, relaxation of controls and the creation of civilian settlement within restricted areas, the extension of the administration empowerment area, the consolida-tion according to the military installaconsolida-tion move-ment of the governmove-ment support must be discuss.
Most greatly spreading effectiveness's is the adjustment of the range of the military installa-tion protecinstalla-tion areas among the alleviainstalla-tion of regulation related to the military installation pro-tection law.
Research Period: 2006. 1. 1~2006. 1. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2006-8, 76pp
>> Strategies for Institutional Improvement in the Management of the Military Installation Protection Areas
군사시설보호구역의 합리적 관리를 위한 제도개선 방안 Young-Bong Kim
08
88KRIHS
In order to prepare the unification of South and North Korea, it can be useful to review the expe-riences of foreign countries who had been faced with national separation and reunification. Con-ceptualized in this regard, the study aims to sug-gest policy implications for the two Koreas of the German experiences in urban development after unification.
In the 1990's, an urban renewal programme was implemented in the nation, and it played an important role in improving the living environ-ment of the nation. Coupled with this, a pro-gramme for Cultural Heritage Conservation was implemented for city center renewals, and these two programs contributed to the improvement of the overall inner city areas. However, the nation experienced a growing movement of urban shrinking in the late 1990's, especially in its major cities. To address this problem, the German federal governments introduced Programme Social City and Programme Urban Restructuring.
Although many programmes of federal gov-ernments have contributed to improving urban infrastructure including dwellings, the shrinking urban economy indicates the difficulties in achieving a balanced urban development. The most serious problem with the spatial policies
after German unification can be described as the lack of comprehensive concepts and integrated measures for urban and regional development.
The German experience after unification pro-vides important lessons for the two Koreas. The German case shows the importance of the condi-tions for living in the transformation process. In the German case, there was not enough time to prepare comprehensive and integrated policy measures for urban development before unifica-tion. However, the South Korean government can prepare these instruments before the unification.
Research Period: 2006. 9. 7~2006. 11. 30
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2006-57, 126pp
>> Urban Policies for the Former GDR after German Unification and its Implications for Korea
통일 이후 구 동독의 도시정책과 시사점
Sang-Jun Lee, Wendelin Strubelt & Karl-Peter Schoen