World’s Leading Think Tank in the Field of Spatial Policy to Create New Territorial Values of the Future

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K o r e a R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e f o r H u m a n S e t t l e m e n t s

Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements 2010 Annual Report

Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements 2010Annual Report

224 Simin-daero, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 431-712, Korea Tel. 82-31-380-0114 Fax. 82-31-380-0470 http:// www.krihs.re.kr

2010 KRIHS Annual Report

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K o r e a R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e f o r H u m a n S e t t l e m e n t s

2010 KRIHS Annual Report

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World’s Leading Think Tank in the Field of Spatial Policy to Create New Territorial Values of the Future

KRIHS is committed to performing research on policies for the efficient use, development and conservation of territorial resources that will contribute to territorial development, economic growth and quality of life improvement.

Saemangeum: KRIHS-established master plan

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In 2010 when the global economy fell into a deeper recession, Korea responded swifty to the economic hardship and showed the fastest economic recovery among OECD member countries, entering a new trajectory of economic growth. In this process, the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS) played a central role in making a new national development paradigm.

Since its creating in 1978, the institute has made full commitments on enhancing national territorial competitiveness and promoting future-oriented research activities.

They included establishing national and regional development plans, making efforts for environment conservation, developing and providing land and housing policies, promoting the construction industry, building national territorial infrastructure, setting up a GIS network. Furthermore, we have conducted researches on achieving the Inter-Korean prosperity and building a Northeast Asian cooperative community. At the same time, KRIHS has fulfilled its duties for developing the national territory more efficiently, supporting low income families and conserving natural resources as well. As you are well aware, we have made every efforts to contribute to the development of national territory.

More than 210 studies in a wide range of research fields were performed in 2010 with the goal of “Creating a Prestigious Global Green Territory”. To achieve the objective, we set up three action plans: ① Laying the Foundation for Global Cooperation in the Territorial Sector to Lead the New G20 era; ② Realizing a Smart Green Foundation to Enhance National Prestige; ③ Stabilizing Living Conditions of Ordinary People and Creating an Advanced Housing Environment.

Researches conducted in each plan are as follows.

The major research projects on “Laying the Foundation for Global Cooperation in Territorial Sector to Lead the new G20 Era”

include “A Study on Global City-Region

Development(I)”, “Globalization Strategies of the Capital Region in Korea”, “Strategies for Promoting Overseas Urban Development(II)”,

“Measuring Socio-Economic Impacts of an International Conference”, “An Analysis on Improving Vietnam’s Territory-Wide Policies”,

“Case Studies on Overseas Strategies Hubs for the New-Generation Growth Engines”,

“Strategies for Carving Out Global ‘Soft Territory’ and Overseas Markets of Infrastructure Development Project(I)”.

The research projects focusing on the objective of “Realizing a Smart Green Foundation to Enhance National Prestige”

include “Conflict Management in Spatial Development Projects”, “Study on the Spatial Planning and Public Policies for Creating a Healthy City”, “Futures of National Territory(II)”,

“Reinventing Urban Policy in Response to Ethnic Diversity(II)”, “The Action Strategies for National Territorial Development of Korea(I)”,

“Integrated Action Plan of Posterior to the Four Major River Project”, “Study on the Status and Improvement Policy of Spatial Data Utilization for Planned Territorial Management”.

Lastly, concerning “Stabilizing Living Conditions of Ordinary People and Creating an Advanced Housing Environment”, KRIHS carried out a number of research projects such as “A Study on Strategic Development of Depressed Regions in Korea”, “Urban Regeneration Policy with Consideration for the Socio-Economically Disadvantaged”, “Exploring Low-Income Housing Delivery Systems: Roles of

Nonprofit Organizations in the United States”,

“A Study on the Policy Directions for Establishing the Housing Safety Net”, “A Study on Residential Stability and Owned Housing Policy for Low-Income Household”, “Housing Issues and Their Policy Directions for Non- Metropolitan Cities with Population Stagnation”.

The 2010 KRIHS Annual Report contains the key findings of the major research projects that our fellow researches ardently carried out within the past year. KRIHS wishes the major outcome presented in the report will be widely utilized by experts in relevant fields both at home and abroad. Also, I expect that the publication will serve as an occasions of reflecting on ourselves for a better research performance in the future.

KRIHS, as a specialized research institute on the use and conservation of the territory, will further commit itself to supporting and leading the government to effectively and practically promote territorial polices. I would like to welcome opinions and comments on our achievements as well as errors and mistakes last year from experts and public officials or related fields, who had been unfailing in their encouragement and advice for KRIHS throughout last year. Lastly, I look forward to your continued interest and support of KRIHS for many more years to come.

Thank you.

August, 2011 President Park Yangho

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7KRIHS

6KRIHS

ChapterⅠ Overview 8

1. Foundation & Function 10

2. Organization & Staff 11

3. 2010 Research Accomplishments & 2011 Research Directions 13

ChapterⅡ 2010 Research Projects 16

1. National Territorial Planning & Regional Research Division 19 2. Green Territory & Urban Research Division 31 3. Housing, Land & Construction Economy Research Division 51 4. National Infrastructure & GIS Research Division 71

5. Index 83 Chapter Ⅴ Contents of Periodicals 2010 126

1. KRIHS Policy Brief(Vol. 259~Vol. 305) 128

2. The Korea Spatial Planning Review(Vol. 64~Vol. 67) 130

3. Space and Environment(Vol. 38~Vol. 41) 132

4. Road Policy Brief(Vol. 27~Vol. 38) 133

Chapter Ⅲ International Cooperation 88

1. Conferences and Symposia 90

2. Training Programs for Foreign Government Officials 102

3. International Exchange and Events 107

4. The 15th Love Our National Territory Primary School Writing Contest 119 5. A Ceremony to Recognize Excellent Employees in 2010

and to Celebrate New Year 119

6. The 9th Excellent Dissertation Award Ceremony 120 7. The Presentation on Excellent Works in the 2030 Future Territory

Thesis Contest for National College(Graduate School) Students 121 8. KRIHS Opens the GDP Center and EAROPH Korea 122 9. KRIHS President Receives Best Leadership Award 123 10. KRIHS Launches e-Book Service(www.krihs.re.kr) 124

11. Publications 124

Chapter Ⅳ Research Support Activities 114

1. KRIHS Receives 2009 National Dongbaek Medal(individual)

and Prime Minister’s Citation(Institute) 116

2. The KRIHS Brand Awards Ceremony 116

3. The 11th National Geography Olympiad Awards Ceremony 117

Chapter Ⅵ Research Divisions & Staff 136

1. President & Vice President 138

2. National Territorial Planning & Regional Research Division 141 3. Green Territory & Urban Research Division 151 4. Housing, Land & Construction Economy Research Division 161 5. National Infrastructure & GIS Research Division 171

6. Global Development Partnership Center 183

7. Planning & Management Division 185

ontents

C

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1. Foundation & Function 10

2. Organization & Staff 11

3. 2010 Research Accomplishments &

2011 Research Directions 13

Overview

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11KRIHS ⅠOverview

■Organization

KRIHS is composed of five divisions and KRIHS-affiliated Architecture & Urban Research Institute, Global Development Partnership Center: National Territorial Planning & Regional Research Division, Green Territory & Urban Research Division, Housing, Land & Construction Economy Research Division, National Infrastructure & GIS Research Division, and Planning & Management Division.

President

Vice President

Global Development Partnership Center Architecture & Urban Research

Institute

National Territorial Planning &

Regional Research Division

Center for Mega Region Studies

Center for Capital Region Policy

Center for Industrial Location Policy

Center for Global Territorial Research

Green Territory

& Urban Research Division

Center for Territorial Policy & Green

Growth

Center for Urban Regeneration Policy

Center for Cultural Territorial Policy

Water Policy & Territorial Disaster Prevention

Research Center

Housing, Land &

Construction Economy Research

Division

Center for Real Estate Market Analysis

Center for Housing Welfare Policy

Center for Land Policy

Center for Construction

Economy

National Infrastructure &

GIS Research Division

Center for National Infrastructure Policy

Center for Road Policy Research

Center for Geospatial Information Research

Center for Territorial Policy Simulation

Planning &

Management Division

Center for Research Management

Center for Administration &

Operation

Research Plannig &

Coordination Team

Personnel Development Team

10KRIHS

■Foundation & Purpose

The Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements(KRIHS) was established in 1978 to comprehensively undertake research activities concerning the efficient use, development, and conservation of the territorial resources, thus contributing to balanced development, of the territory and improvement of quality of people’s lives.

Since its inception, KRIHS has been committed to fulfilling its epochal mission of the “Creation of a territory with beautiful nature and pleasant living environment”, and in order to achieve the mission, KRIHS conducts research primarily on sustainable, balanced and knowledge-based territory, and those that contribute to the future of the national territory.

■Function

The main task of KRIHS is to conduct a future-oriented and practical research based on the actual conditions of the territory, with the intent to explore mid-to long-term policy agendas of the nation, lead and support government policies, and analyze and address territory-related social issues. It performs a wide range of research in the areas of land use and conservation, urban and regional planning, housing and land policies, transportation, construction economics, environment, water resources, geographic information system(GIS) and Northeast Asian regional issues, as well as the establishment of comprehensive territorial policies of Korea. By doing so, KRIHS is playing a leading role in realizing an affluent and safe territory. The major functions of KRIHS are as follows ;

●To formulate long-range national and regional development plans ;

●To carry out studies on the efficient use and conservation of the territory, and management of the land resources ;

●To conduct policy research on territory-related fields such as land, housing, urban planning and construction industry ;

●To perform comprehensive research on social overhead capital(SOC) ;

●To systematically manage and supply data on national land resources ;

●To carry out researches on architecture and urban space ;

●To carry out joint research and cooperative research project in collaboration with provincial governments, research institutes at home and abroad, and international organizations ;

●To provide research services to public and private organizations at home and abroad ;

●To exchange scholarly information with other professional organizations domestic and foreign, and provide training for human settlement management and planning professionals ;

●To publish and distribute its research outcomes ; and

●To perform projects related to the above research and others regarded as needed to achieve its goals

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■Status of Research Project in 2010

To implement our research project in 2010 based on the “Creating a Prestigious Global Green Territory”

we conducted research with 3 detailed goals: preparation of green growth strategy for the revitalization of the economy, establishment of new settlement space system for the reinforcement of territory competitiveness, and construction of integrated territory infrastructure for the improvement of quality of life.

A total of 210 research projects were performed, including 38 basic research projects such as “Study on the Spatial Planning and Public Policies for Creating a Healthy City”, etc., 36 non-scheduled research projects such as “A Study on the Strategy for Creating a Waterfront City”, etc., and 135 consigned research projects such as “A Study on the Supplementation of Establishment of the Plan for the Revision of the 4th Comprehensive Territory Plan”, etc. From them, 36 basic research projects, 28 non-scheduled research projects, and 79 consigned research projects were completed, with the other 66 projects carried forward to 2011.

We implemented 3 research projects as major national projects of 2010. First, “Strategies for Carving Out Global ‘Soft Territory’ and Overseas Markets of Infrastructure Development Project”was prepared to develop the strategy for overseas expansion and make a global strategy map for the establishment of the concept of soft territory, space project, etc., analyze the case and demand of the space project, and then expand the global soft territory, e.g., space for conducting political, economic, and cultural activities in the global village. Second, “Intergrated Action Plan of Posterior to the Four Major River Project”was developed to draw up the river maintenance project after the 4-river project and establish an integrated, practical river maintenance plan. Third, “A Study on Residential Stability and Owned Housing Policy for Low-Income Households”analyzed and reviewed the political problems related to the actual condition of the low income class’s housing and its upward movement and suggested the policy for the low income class’s stable housing and house ownership.

■Goal of Research Project in 2011

We selected the “Creation of High-class Global Green Territory” as a goal of the research project in 2011 by comprehensively considering the internal and external research environment change and operation goal of the agency. Toward this end, we suggested the following 3 research project directions:

First is the establishment of foundation for global territory cooperation leading the G20 Era. We plan to achieve the first detailed goal by putting the wide area local development strategy into practical use, reinforcing the study of the local economy revitalization strategy connected with the job, leading the study of soft territory and future strategy in the global age, etc.

Second is the realization of the smart green foundation for the improvement of territory class. We will

13KRIHS ⅠOverview

12KRIHS

■Executives

President Park Yangho

Vice President Sohn Kyunghwan

Director of Research Divisions

National Territorial Planning & Regional Research Division Kim Dongju

Green Territory & Urban Research Division Min Beumsik

Housing, Land & Construction Economy Research Division Kim Geunyong National Infrastructure & GIS Research Division Ryu Jaiyoung

Global Development Partnership Center Sakong Hosang

Director of Management Division

Planning & Management Division Yoo Jaeyoon

President of Architecture & Urban Research Institute Sohn Seikwan

Total Executives

Researchers Others

Ph.D.s M.A.s B.A.s Administrators Specialists

Headcount President 83 43 3 18 5

152 1 129 23

■Staff

As of August 2011, a total of 152 persons are working at KRIHS: 129 researchers and 23 non-research personnel. The research staff is comprised of 83 Ph.Ds and 43 graduates with M.As with a variety of expertise such as urban & regional planning, transportation, engineering and economics.

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15KRIHS ⅠOverview

14KRIHS

try to achieve the second detailed goal by reinforcing the green territory practice plan appropriate for each region, coming up with a smart, humane urban regeneration plan, constructing integrated infrastructure leading the future development of territory, etc.

The last one is the stabilization of people’s life and creation of advanced residential environment. We will achieve the last detailed goal by reinforcing anticipative action for the stability of the housing market, developing the housing policy for the improvement of housing welfare for the low income class, establishing a plan for the advancement of the construction industry, and creating jobs.

■Priority Research Project in 2011

The following 5 projects were selected from among the projects implemented in 2011 as the projects that should be performed and focused on strategically in 2011. The summary of each project is as follows:

First, “the Strategic Study for the Improvement of Territory Class in the G20 Era”will suggest the strategy for the improvement of the territory class as a key project of the territory policy to improve the territory class by orienting the advanced society and satisfying people’s expectation of territory as well as suggest a basic framework to conduct a follow-up study of the practice project.

Second, “the Strategy for Global Development Cooperation and Advancement into the Territory Market in the G20 Era”will plan the improvement of the national class by reinforcing global development cooperation, connect it to the territory infrastructure market to U-turn national interest, advance the global territory infrastructure to contribute to the diversification of construction type and market in the overseas construction market, and create the foundation for advancing into the global territory infrastructure market.

Third, “the Study on the Plan for the Establishment of a Housing Policy Paradigm at a Turning Point of the Social and Economic Structure”will ensure the stability of the housing market and people’s housing through the proposal of a housing policy that responds to the change in the housing market environment at a turning point of the social and economic structure and contribute significantly to the improvement of quality of people’s life by proposing a policy for expanding the energy-saving house that responds to the global climatic change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, realizing a residential culture that contributes to the improvement of sustainability, improving the quality of residential service, and stabilizing the housing market.

Fourth, “the Study on the Plan for Advanced Water Resources Management in the Age of Green Growth, Wide Area, and Integration”will provide the theoretical and objective basis to address the inefficiency of investment in the public sector with regard to water resources and the rationality of water resources management and resolve various conflicts related to the supply and use of water resources as well as provide basic materials to improve the law and systems.

Fifth, “the Study on the Plan for Raising Social Equity in the Infrastructure Policy for Fair Society”

will suggest the infrastructure policy to enhance customized social equity that can respond to the local characteristics and social and economic changes, reinforce the acceptability of the infrastructure policy, and secure the opportunity for follow-up related study with the empirical analysis of the horizontal, vertical, and instrumental evaluation of social equity.

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1. National Territorial Planning & Regional Research Division 19 2. Green Territory & Urban Research Division 31 3. Housing, Land & Construction Economy Research Division 51 4. National Infrastructure & GIS Research Division 71

5. Index 83

2010 Research Projects

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National Territorial Planning &

Regional Research Division

01 c h a p t e r

■Conflict Management in Spatial Development Projects

: Exploring Perceptions and Finding Policy Applications 20

■Futures of the National Territory(II) 21

■Globalization Strategies of the Capital Region in Korea 22

■An Industrial Location Policy for Green Growth 23

■Reframing Regional Development Planning System to Enhance Regional Competitiveness 24

■The Research of Reinvigoration Strategies for Long-Term Leased Industrial Estate 25

■Strategies for Promoting Overseas Urban Development(II)

: Focusing on Maximum Utilization of ODA 26

■A Study on Global City-Region Development(I) 27

■A Study on Service Industries Qualifiable for Occupancy in Industrial Complex 28

■A Study on Spatial Planning and Public Policy for Creating a Healthy City 29

■A Study on Strategic Development of Depressed Regions in Korea 30

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21KRIHS 01 National Territorial Planning & Regional Research DivisionⅡ2010 Research Projects

01

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The study aims to introduce a new approach to resolve the weak points in the current conflict management system, explore people’s perception of the three conflicting cases of spatial development projects using the new approach, and propose how to apply this analysis of people’s perception and those results to the real process of public conflict management. The main method employed is the Q methodology, which is useful for analyzing the inner viewpoints of people and their real intentions, labeled as

‘subjectivity’ in academic terms.

For study purposes, the three cases examined the competition between Gwangju and Muan to invite domestic and international air service into its city; the opposition of Gwangmyeong to Guro’s plan for a waste disposal facility; and the head-on confrontation between groups in Seosan and Taean over the construction of a Garolim tidal power plant. Three types of perception were identified from examining the Gwangju-Muan case: Preferring a market-friendly aviation policy;

giving priority to regional integration; and believing the national policy-making process.

Four types were identified from the Guro- Gwangmyeong case: Valuing environmental conditions; believing the reasonable implementation of public institutions; seeking a

great cause; and criticizing individual-and regional-scale selfishness. Six types were identified from the Seosan-Taean case:

Distrusting the government; pursuing practical interests; having optimistic expectations; putting emphasis on environmental and ecological values; seeking a great cause; and believing firmly in the implementation of a project.

The Q analysis of people’s perception in the public policy arena could be useful for preparing suitable communication strategies for each group that has distinctive and different perceptions to prevent or reduce public conflicts regarding spatial development projects. In terms of policy application, lessons from these case studies point to the need to identify who should carry out the Q analysis; at which stage of policy-making the Q process can best be linked.

While this study may have some limitations for a possible policy application of the case studies, the attempt could provide useful suggestions to public authorities’ seeking the desirable models for analyzing the people’s perceptions, i.e., their subjectivity, to prevent and reduce public conflict.

Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31

Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2010-26, 207pp

>> Conflict Management in Spatial Development Projects : Exploring Perceptions and Finding Policy Applications

국토개발과정에서 지역간 갈등관리 및 해소방안: 갈등행위자 인식분석과 정책적 활용방안 모색

Park Hyungseo, Lee Soonja, Park Kyunghyun & Chang Eungyo

>> Futures of the National Territory(II) 국토 대예측 연구(II)

Lee Yongwoo, Kim Sunhee, Byeon Sehil, Park Jungho, Lim Jiyoung, Lee Jiwon, Park Goun & Shin Yeiji

This study was carried out as part of a three-year research effort on national territorial foresight.

The purpose of this second-year study is to foresee the future of the national territory by sector to include housing, industrial location, transportation, land use, and water resources.

First, the future of housing were examined and forecast as follows: ① increased numbers of homeowners; ② Housing markets to stabilize; ③ niche housing markets to create; ④ popularity of U-Green housing; ⑤ diversified housing types;

⑥ diversified existing housing futures by regions and housing types.

Secondly, the future of industrial location were examined and forecast as follows: ① FT industry development centered in metropolitan areas; ② changes in location demand for manufacturing industry based on international competitiveness;

③ industrial spaces to combine, rent, and turn to eco-space; ④ industrial location disparities that can occur.

Third, the future of transportation was examined and forecast as follows: ① easing of traffic jams during rush hours; ② diversification of public transportation in metropolitan areas; ③ popularization of U-Green cars and roads; ④ expansion of super high-speed railway network, and reorganization of the spatial structure of both

the national territory and Northeast Asia; ⑤ improvement in speed of logistics innovation; ⑥ avoid reduction in the benefit of the disparities of transportation services.

Fourth, the future of land use and water resources were examined and forecast as follows:

① improvement in environmental value of farmland and mountainous land; ② activation of waterfront space; ③ increase in the diverse demand for leisure tourism; ④ gradual increase in the demand for urban land; ⑤ large cities becoming multi-layered and compound; ⑥ city services becoming intelligent, diverse, and barrier-free; ⑦ more frequent abnormal climate changes and natural disasters.

Lastly, the economic integration of South and North Korea and its impacts on national territory were examined and forecast as follows: ① future changes in the national territory due to the economic integration; ② demand for mid-and low-priced rental housing to rise centered in the Seoul Metropolitan areas due to North Koreans’

staying in South Korea; ③ overland linkage to the Eurasian continent to expand based on the restoration of the main transportation network on the Korean Peninsula; ④ industrial locations to move to the West Coast region of North Korea.

Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31

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22KRIHS

This study builds detailed globalization strategies for the Capital Region to enhance global competitiveness. The research has seven chapters.

The first chapter gives an outline of the study.

The second chapter reviews concepts and the definitions of a ‘global city’ that appear in several research studies and the literature. The third chapter examines the level of globalization in Korea for four aspects: Size of foreign direct investment(FDI), number of foreign visitors and dwellers, and number of headquarters of Fortune Global 500 Companies. The fourth chapter analyzes several researches and surveys on global competitiveness for major cities or city-regions to evaluate the potential of the Capital Region as a global city. The fifth chapter reviews globalization strategies of major Asian cities, including Tokyo, Singapore, and Shanghai, and draws policy implications. The sixth chapter proposes nine strategies for enhancing global competitiveness in the Capital Region of Korea as follows:

① To develop an Incheon Free Economic Zone(IFEZ) as a comprehensive regulation-free zone. ② To make Seoul a global finance and business center, utilize Cheonggyecheon and its surrounding historic and cultural heritage. ③ To promote advancement in the structure of

industrial complexes will attract foreign high- tech enterprises. ④ To expand the transport networks needed to strengthen the global gateway function of the Capital Region. ⑤ To support foreign dwellers in housing, education, job hunting and other areas to secure an outstanding foreign work force. ⑥ To make the Capital Region a multi-cultural society by building a multi-cultural governance system and utilizing its unique residential districts of foreign dwellers to improve their pride and attract tourists. ⑦ To establish a plan for development for the West Coast tourism belt of the Capital Region to attract Chinese tourists. ⑧ To upgrade the urban landscape and design to improve the dignity of the Capital Region. ⑨ To promote strategies for restoration, commercialization and improvement of accessibility to historic heritage can establish the identity of the Capital Region.

The seventh chapter closes the study with policy recommendations for promotion of the nine suggested globalization strategies for the Capital Region.

Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31

>> Globalization Strategies of the Capital Region in Korea 수도권의 세계도시화 전략 연구

Lee Dongwoo, Kim Hyunsik, Yi Choonyong, Kim Gwangik, Seo Yeonmi & Yoon Youngmo

The purpose of the study was to enhance the economic and environmental competitiveness of national industry by suggesting the guidance for industrial location policy in an era of green growth.

There were major research issues for the study.

First, the study analyzed the industry location policy of the Korean government from the green growth perspective after looking into the current situation for green industries. Second, the current situation and problems regarding the Korean industrial complex were diagnosed. Third, alternatives were suggested based on the green growth strategy; practical measures were discussed in detail. Finally, policy implications wee summarized.

This study offers five major implications for industrial location policy for green growth, including providing a solid infra-structure for green industries, constructing an eco-industrial network, expanding planned land use, promoting regeneration of old existing industrial complexes, and greening of industrial sites.

For a solid infra-structure for green industries, the study proposes to support the green network within green industries and traditional manufacturing industries and the construction of region-wide network hubs and business centers.

Especially, regionalized mini-green industry clusters, development of policy measures to manage a greener environment and a reliable cooperation system among related government organizations wee strongly recommended.

Regarding network construction for eco industrial parks, development and management of a statistical database for waste recycling, a systematic approach to encourage private firms to join the waste recycle network, and a government-wide cooperation system for eco- industrial parks were the primary suggestions for policy implications.

The study also insists on the importance of a plan-based industry location policy that uses policy measures to attract individual locations of manufacturing firms not located in the industry complex, in the planned industrial sites. A necessary condition for regeneration projects for old existing industrial parks in urban centers should be deregulated as well. For greener industrial parks, planning regulations and the management system should be highly controlled.

Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31

>> An Industrial Location Policy for Green Growth

녹색성장시대 선도를 위한 산업입지정책 방안

Ryu Seunghan, Yang Habaek, Kang Hoje & Seo Yeonmi

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01

24KRIHS

This report reviews the current regional development planning system in Korea and analyses the strategies pursued by governments to address the competitiveness of regional economies and the accompanying governance mechanisms on which implementation of these strategies rests.

This report has seven chapters. Chapter 1 presents the research purpose, research scope, methods, and research framework. Chapter 2 presents the literature review of past studies and the development of the analytic framework for this study. Chapters 3 and 4 present the comparative analysis of domestic regional development cases. Chapter 5 offers a comparative analysis of cases for regional development planning systems and strategies in other countries. Chapter 6 proposes policy directions for reframing the regional planning system in Korea and practical implementation strategies for a regional development plan that strengthens regional competitiveness.

First, reframe and simplify the structure and procedure of regional development plan formulation. Second, reinforce the importance of having an evidence-based plan. To make a suitable plan and make effective use of limited resources, objective information is critical. Third,

emphasize integrated, but place-based, planning.

Local governments should lead and have sufficient influence over the development plan, its design, and its implementation. So the regional development plan should be a good fit to local circumstances and reflect local needs and issues. Fourth, design a mechanism or organization to facilitate coordination and cooperation across different levels of development planning and government.

Feasible alternatives are reinforcing the current regional development committee; creating a regional development council involving both the central and local governments in a region;

developing a separate planning agency at the central level; creating a working group that links departments of the central government. Fifth, design an integrated regional development information system that can assist in information sharing and functional monitoring.

Chapter 7 presents a summary of findings and discussion and reveals the potential utility of this research, its possible applications, and the limitations of the study.

Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31

Report Descriptions: Vol.1(KRIHS Research Report 2010-15, 331pp) Vol.2(KRIHS Research Report 2010-15-1, 259pp)

>> Reframing Regional Development Planning System to Enhance Regional Competitiveness

지역경쟁력 강화를 위한 지역발전계획제도 운영실태와 개선방안

Cha Misook, Kim Taehwan, Kim Changhyun & Son Donggeul et.al

This study examined the viability of a post- construction apartment sales system to promote industrial complexes for long-term leasing that the nation can pushing forward and suggests a mandated period of leasing and measures to determine sale prices. Based on the analyses of similar systems and a survey of businesses’

operating in industrial complexes for lease, the post-construction apartment sales system was found to be conducive to activating industrial complexes for lease. The study offered a group of results.

First, several mandatory lease periods were proposed: A 3-year period based on the assumption that companies generally make their initial profit 3 years after starting a business; a 5- year period based on periods of shifting sales in other systems, and a company’s break even point after starting a business; a 10-year period determined from reflecting the current sales’

period for the industrial complexes for long-term leases and the long-term rental housing system.

Of the proposals, the second proposal was chosen as the preferred one.

Second, four alternative ways for formulating sale prices after leasing facilities, were presented.

first, prices are set up with one formulated when the industrial complex is completed; second,

prices are formulated by price at the time of completing the industrial complex(1 + the average land price variation rate in the industrial areas over the past 5 years); third, prices are calculated by the price formulated when complexes are complete + an appraised price ÷ 2;

and fourth, when an industry unit is put up for sale with appraised prices at the time of selling.

Of these four, the third measure was selected as the preferred one.

Other proposals have also been suggested as a way to activate an industry complex for lease.

They include greater participation in national land banking projects, an expansion of the supply of publicly funded industrial complexes for lease, a provision for planned industrial complexes for lease, and an increase in the lease of apartment-type plants by their builders.

Research Period: 2010. 3. 2~2010. 5. 31

>> The Research of Reinvigoration Strategies for Long-Term Leased Industrial Estate 임대산업단지 활성화방안 연구

Chang Cheolsoon

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01

26KRIHS

The purpose of this research was to find the problems with the current civilian and governmental urban development governance and development of financing networks and find ways to promote overseas urban development as ways of developing partnerships through active utilization of ODA in the G20 era. Four categories were suggested.

First, private engineering and construction companies highly rely on domestic bank project financing, which results in difficulties in expanding the overseas markets for urban development. Second, strategies for the diversification of fields and regions are insufficient. Third, ODA utilization in both domestic and overseas markets is not enough.

Fourth, there is a lack of connections to overseas urban development and ODA.

It was suggested to direct the overseas urban development in a different manner. First, the need for overseas development must be suggested. Second, Recommended directions on market expansion in terms of field and space are needed. Third, this study suggests ways to expand markets through ODA utilization. National development and urban development is vital for direct expansion in markets as a part of multi-

development and could be linked to ODA utilization. Domestic ODA should be secured through direct discovery, and utilization of the Korea Trust Fund(KTF) in the International Development Bank(IDB) or the Multi Development Bank(MDB) to have a firm grip on urban development. Strategies of maximum effect with minimum support by finding direction and ways of supporting ODA regional economic community are suggested.

The policy contributions of this research are:

① establishing diversifying plans for advancing into the developing markets in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

② Laying the foundation for a governance to facilitate functions and roles between developers the relationship between the developers and also analyzing the relationship between government ODA utilization, which functions as seed money for overseas urban development governance, and overseas urban development.

③ Utilizing this study as a basic file for operating the Global Development Partnership Center(GDPC) of the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements(KRIHS).

Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31

>> Strategies for Promoting Overseas Urban Development(II) : Focusing on Maximum Utilization of ODA

민관협력시스템을 통한 해외도시개발 촉진방안 연구(II) : ODA 활용 극대화를 통한 시장확대 전략을 중심으로

Jo Jincheol, Choi Soo, Kim Sungil, Lee Jonghwa, Kwon Daehan & Kim Ilsuk

Today, city-regions represent the leading areas for creating substantial competitive units in a global economic system. This study aims to research the development of Korea’s city-regions as key growth leaders for global competitiveness, thus contributing to the advancement of the country in the future.

For this study, we reviewed city-region development strategies of developed countries first. Each country has established a range of strategies for city-region development, such as promoting higher value-added industries, enforcing global functions, constructing infrastructure networks, and establishing institutional frameworks for global and national success.

Next, this study analyzed the current status of each strategy, based on the literature and foreign policy review. The results showed that daily socioeconomic activity occurs across administrative boundaries for growth and suburbanization. As these sub-urbanized patterns are sharply increasing for such sectors as population, industry, and land use, organizational management using further in-depth analysis and monitoring is critically necessary.

The third part of the study analyzes city-region competitiveness at the global level. The results

showed that Korean city-regions lag behind competitors in economic power, settlement environment, and infrastructure, compared to the indices of OECD and EU members. To meet the requirements of a world class city-region, the government should consider a long-term vision focused on shifting industrial structures toward high-tech industry, correlating human resources with innovation, and improving the quality of life.

Finally, this study suggests improving the global infrastructure connectivity for central urban areas to promote industrial clusters based on new growth industry, foster environmentally sensitivity and technological competence, and create sustainable communities within the city- region. A collaborative governance system must be established among the city-region partners.

An institutional framework at the city-region level should be provided, particularly to establish concrete guidelines in city-region planning, and improve the formal engagement of all local government.

Using the strategies suggested in this study, Korea’s city-regions can develop as globally competitive growth poles.

Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31

>> A Study on Global City-Region Development(I) 글로벌 도시권 육성 방안 연구(I)

Kim Dongju, Kim Hyunsik, Koo Jeongeun, Kang Mingyu & Choi Inhye

(16)

01

28KRIHS

As service industries form an ever greater part of the national economy, it is now important for industrial location policy to come up with an effective counter-plan for the location demand for service industries. For co-location of manufacturing and service industries, certain kinds of service industries are qualified for occupancy in industrial facility sites of industrial complexes, to be parceled out at the same price as development costs. However, two laws,

“Industrial Sites and Development Act(ISDA)”

and “Industrial Cluster Development and Factory Establishment Act(ICDFEA)”, deal with development and the management of industrial complexes, respectively, and apply different standards and ranges for the occupancy of service industries in an industrial complex. This causes confusion. Also, there is still a controversy about which service industries are actually qualifiable.

The purpose of this study was to select service industries actually qualifiable for occupancy in industrial facility sites of industrial complexes.

Especially, the study focused on two issues, namely, mediating the differences between the two laws and suggesting service industries that might be qualifiable for occupancy in new types of industrial complex where service industries do

play the most active role.

Disagreement between the two laws on occupancy of service industries rests in the following areas. First, both laws commonly qualify knowledge industries and information and communications industries for occupancy, but different service industries lie under the same category. Second, ISDA qualifies a cultural industry for occupancy, but ICDFEA doesn’t.

Third, the two laws apply different standards for occupancy of logistics industries and recycling industries in an industrial complex. In terms of mediating these differences, this study proposes either changing the laws or drawing up integrated policy guidelines for qualification for this occupancy.

In order to suggest service industries that are qualifiable for occupancy in the new type of industrial complex, this study sets forth four policy goals of an industrial complex and then seeks out service industries that are compliant with each goal.

Research Period: 2010. 6. 3~2010. 9. 2

>> A Study on Service Industries Qualifiable for Occupancy in Industrial Complex 산업단지 입주가능 서비스업 조정 방안 연구

Seo Yeonmi

During the past few decades, not only public health scientists, but also urban planners, have become concerned about the relationship between the built environment and health and have dedicated their research to understanding the link between health and urban planning policies. However, health is often attributed to certain differences in population characteristics, and not clearly understood as yet as a spatial phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to find built environmental correlates between obesity and health status and suggest planning guidelines for the construction of healthy cities.

This empirical study tested the hypothesis that supportive built environments, having conditions that promote physical activity and a healthy diet, would produce lower obesity rates and/or a generally higher self-reported health status than would environments with less supportive conditions related to health. This study focused on the SMA, which specially offers an advantageous setting. The study used two different types of analytical scopes, namely, regional-level and multi-level. As a preliminary study, a regional(city, county, or district)-level approach was used to measure the effects of built environment on obesity and self-reported health status. Results of a multiple regression analysis

showed that regional obesity rates did relate to self-reported health status(-), number of fast food restaurants(+), and length of bicycle routes(-). As a multi-level analysis, this study employed a HLM to identify built environmental correlates of the obesity rate, controlling for different socio- demographic variables. The results highlight the modifiable environmental variables that might positively contribute to reduced obesity.

The 200-respondent survey data in SMA was used to estimate the perception of healthy communities. Survey results reported that more than 90% of respondents did walk and/or bike regularly. Moreover, they were willing to pay 3,695 per month to create healthy communities.

This study contributes to a better understanding of the specific built environmental variables that are associated with health conditions. It further provides useful insights into the different roles of individual-level and group-level factors in promoting good health.

Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31

>> A Study on Spatial Planning and Public Policy for Creating a Healthy City 건강도시 구현을 위한 공간계획 및 정책방안 연구

Kim Eunjung, Kim Hyunsik, Lee Seungbok & Kang Mingyu

(17)

c h a p t e r

Green Territory &

Urban Research Division

02

■The Action Strategies for the National Territorial Development of Korea(I) 32

■An Approach to Policy Improvement for Impact Fee Area for Growth Management 33

■Climate Change and Sustainable Land Management Strategies in Korea(III) 34

■Development and Application of the Green Territorial Index(GTI) 35

■The Direction of Urban Policy under Population Decline in South Korea 36

■The Enhancement of Policy Planning Function in Comprehensive Planning 37

■Innovative Green City: The Case of Seattle 38

■Integrated Action Posterior Plan for the Four Major River Projects 39

■Measuring the Socio-Economic Impacts of an International Conference

: A Feasibility Study of the World Urban Forum 40

■Nationwide Land Use Policy Directives in Vietnam 41

■The Partnership of New Town Development in Korea

: A Multi-scale Growth Political Perspective 42

■Reinventing Urban Policy in Response to Ethnic Diversity(II)

: Localizing Immigrant Integration Policy 43

■Resilient Urban Areas vs. Climate Change

: A Synergistic Approach to Urban Hazard Mitigation(II) 44

■Restructuring the Spatial Structure at Village Level through Saemaul Undong 45

■Review on the National Urban Policies and Planning of Korea 46

■Study for the Effective Revision of Urban Facility Criteria in New Town Development

: Education Facilities 47

■Urbanization and Urban Policies in Korea 48

■Urban Regeneration Policy with Consideration for the Socio-economically Disadvantaged 49

01

30KRIHS

This study clarifies the spatial position and role of depressed regions and seeks a new paradigm of development strategies. Rather than just pursuing an individual administrative district, the development strategies in the underdeveloped areas need to be an interconnected domain of the neighboring central city and regions.

The typical problems of depressed regions are, first of all, due to the small diversified investment in each depressed region. That investment is inefficient and there are limitations to the financing; second, due to a hardware-centered physical aspect, software development is relatively neglected. Third, development policy is mainly driven by the central government; and finally, the legal system for depressed regions is overly complex and overlaps.

To overcome these limitations, we set up the underdeveloped regions and the central city as one sphere, and called it the ‘base of underdeveloped areas’, and then investigated two examples for a specific development strategy.

The Western region of Gyeongnam is a chronically underdeveloped area. This region’s development goals should address the new world of health, recreation, leisure, restructure of local industries, and formation of a new development axis for Gyeongnam. Specifically, the goals

should foster health and a functional food industry using clean environment and local resources, be reborn as a Mecca of the traditional oriental medicine by attracting the oriental biotechnology industry, and promoting culture and green tourism.

The Northern area of Gyeongbuk should foster a new base that focuses on green bio-industry and eco-friendly industry. For this goal, the region should build lateral high-speed transportation, connect the region to various networks and develop a joint-link development plan of core based-specific promotional regional industries, such as bio green and aneco-industrial cluster. In addition, the enhanced added value found in the field of tourism, strengthened competitiveness, and settlement-based strategies in preparation for an aging society are required.

Thus, by switching the underdeveloped areas from development as the unit of an administrative district to broadband development that links the central city and nearby areas, it is possible to have enhanced development effectiveness and balanced national development.

Research Period: 2010. 4. 1~2010. 6. 30

>> A Study on Strategic Development of Depressed Regions in Korea 전략적 거점 낙후지역 발전방안 연구

Lee Jongwha, Sohn Sangrak, Lee Dongsu & Kim Dongju

(18)

33KRIHS 02 Green Territory & Urban Research DivisionⅡ2010 Research Projects

02

32KRIHS

This first year of a two-year research project was titled The Action Strategies for National Territorial Development of Korea. The first year of research presented Korean National territorial development models with a focus mainly on rivers, mountains, islands, trails, and villages.

The basic direction for current Korea national territorial development is Practice and Spread Korean National Territorial Development by Using the Chun(天), Ji(地) and In(人) concept. For the factor of national territorial development, action strategies can respond with a timely megatrend, utilizing regional traditional resources, building a network and a public /private partnership.

Action strategies were suggested for each of the cases- rivers, mountains, islands, trails, and villages. The creation of strategies for new waterfront culture with rivers at the center argues for the making of masterpiece groves, an eco- park city based on water circulation and a cultural landscape as its basin. For the strategies of forest culture creation and eco-friendly mountain-belt use, we suggested creating the forest city to multi-purpose, multi forest management strategies and so on.

For creation strategies for world-class masterpiece islands to preserve Korean

characteristics, the study suggests developing islands use and a preservation program, connections for islands to land and islands to islands, and creating business models with islands as the centerpiece. For strategies to create walking paths of local cultural heritage mingled with nature and historical culture, we suggested having nationwide walking paths, local vitalizations through linking of roads, and business models.

For strategies to revitalize, create villages and green cities with local characteristics, the study suggests preservation, the spread of Hanok and traditional villages, establishing business models based on local-special-resources, and designating our own cultural landscape and that appropriate application.

The Korean national territorial development model and its action plans presented here can serve as a guideline for the establishment of the National Territorial Plan or the Integrated Rural Development Plan. As for space utilization of the country, this study will also help fill the people’s demands for rural life and set up a policy for creating an advanced national territory.

Research Period: 2010 1. 1~2010. 12. 31

>> The Action Strategies for the National Territorial Development of Korea(I) 한국형 국토발전 실천전략 연구(I)

Kim Sunhee, Lee Yongwoo, Yang Jinhong, Paek Kyungjin & Choi Meesun et.al.

This study aims at improving the policy effectiveness of the ‘Impact Fee Area for Infrastructure Provision’(IFAIP). The policy, installed in March 2008, was devised to control disordered individual development without adequate infrastructure in the urban fringe, but has not properly functioned due to unclear policy guidelines. The study tried to improve policy effectiveness by detecting the current problems within the IFAIP at the implementation stage and providing clear and relevant policy guidelines to move forward.

To improve the IFAIP, this study deals with the principle of cost-sharing among the related actors in infrastructure provision in non-built-up areas and analyzes the key features and criteria of the IFAIP. The IFAIP has to be executed through collaboration with the government and private developers to install infrastructure just in case there is development on a large scale in a non- urbanized area. Private developers should provide an infrastructure when they develop in a non-urbanized area even on a small scale.

Problems of small scale development in non urbanized area are fragmentations of development, dualisation of the management system to combine development rules, a lack

of public infrastructure, failure in securing integrated guidelines, etc.

Problems of this policy are drawn from the above-mentioned contents. In spite of need for integrated and systematic management, current policy just focuses on individual unit developments. Moreover, this policy will be useless unless it could restrict individual unit developments in non impact fee area. Until now legal criteria on installing infrastructures are obscure and confusing.

This study proposes improvement methods for the impact fee area. First, the kinds of facilities that could be excluded in the imposition of mandatory infrastructure installation were offered based on six principles. Next, four alternatives for the criteria of an impact free area were proposed.

This study suggested several alternatives to improve the IFAIP, which cannot be concluded as the most reasonable. Therefore, every local government should choose the alternative according to the characteristics of that region.

More detailed study will be needed on the regulation mechanism and its association with other institutions.

Research Period: 2010. 6. 7~2010. 12. 7

>> An Approach to Policy Improvement for Impact Fee Area for Growth Management 도시성장관리를 고려한 기반시설부담구역제도 개선방안 연구

Kim Sangjo, Park Sehoon & Lee Jinhui

(19)

35KRIHS 02 Green Territory & Urban Research DivisionⅡ2010 Research Projects

02

34KRIHS

This study establishes an implementation plan and considers the regional characteristics of mitigation and adaptation against climate change at a regional and city level, and also provides for institutional improvements through understanding the previous plan and policy to respond to Climate change.

An analysis of the local implementation plan for Climate Change adaptation rearranges the category, considers the character of Greenhouse gas emission in the energy field and population structure, and provides an implementation plan by category for 167 cities and guns, an administrative boundary in Korea.

To establish a local implementation plan for Climate Change adaptation, the study analyzed local governments in the country. The base year for the analysis is 2005, the same as for the Census Data, and the research scope included 5 sectors, i.e., like agriculture/animal husbandry, forest, water resource, health, and marine eco.

The study, then evaluated sensitivity, climate change vulnerability presentation, climate exposure, and adaptation ability.

When Climate Change mitigation and an adaptation plan are interactive and complementary, the plans can be realized locally, the place of origin, and be directly involved in the impact of

Climate change. This study allows a guideline for implementation of the plan for mitigation and adaptation by considering each locality. Also, the study suggests a policy proposal for a comprehensive plan with a theoretical background of mitigation and an adaptation plan.

The study determined the following:

First, the study builds a basic foundation for establishing adaptation plan for Climate Change and provides a methodology for Greenhouse Gas reduction plan at local level for Climate Change and sustainable land management. Second, this study contributes to establishing a local implementation plan as a guideline against Climate Change, considering the local characteristics at the national level of land management. Third, it supports a comprehensive plan against Climate Change and a related policy that government then carries forward. Finally, this study provides a cornerstone of connected and integrated progress between mitigation of and adaptation to Climate change.

Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31

>> Climate Change and Sustainable Land Management Strategies in Korea(III) 기후변화에 대응한 지속가능한 국토관리 전략(III): 지역특성별 실천계획 수립 및 제도 개선방안

Wang Kwangik, Choi Yeongkook, Suh Taesung, Lee Moonwoun, Park Jungeun, Cha Jungwoo, Noh Kyoungsik & Min Kyungju

The main purposes of this research were first, to develop the Green Territorial Index(GTI) derived from an exact term for low carbon green growth;

second, elicit certain problems and limitations while applying the GTI to several selected model cities in Korea; third, show a useful guideline and a proper way to employ the Green territorial indicators and indexes to Korean cities.

After confirming the Index, additional processes were conducted to give different weighting to each selected indicator. It was necessary to survey targeting planning experts to decide on a weighting difference according to the importance and impact on green growth with respect to territorial planning. Finally, the Green Territory Index was suggested and the total number of the GTI was summed as thirty. It was found that there are no big differences in weighting among the core sectors of Green Economy, Green Environment, and Green Society but the differences were discovered for twelve policy issues, ranging from a scale of 0.06 to 0.18.

Finally, the GTI was applied to the model cities.

These 7 metropolitan cities in Korea included Seoul, Busan, Daegu, and others. The main reason why metropolitan cities are employed for this study was the availability to collect varied

data for the quantitative analysis. The highest total score of the GTI was reported for the cities A, E, and B, including the index for Green Economy, Green Environment, and Green Society. Those cities have a better capacity for going green and surroundings compared to other metropolitan cities.

In sum then, this research started with the necessary of developing an evaluation system for discovering the unique and diverse capacity and condition for accomplishing successful low carbon green growth. As a comprehensive evaluation system, the research suggests the Green Territorial Index. As mentioned above, to finalize the GTI, several meaningful steps took place, namely, defining the term of green growth in territory planning, developing indicators and indexes, and modifying the GTI after applying it to the 7 model cities. The crucial purpose and importance of the evaluation in this research lies in not ranking the cities per se, but discovering and understanding the exact differences in regional capacity and condition so as to suggest and adopt a concrete implementation strategy and policy for each individual city.

Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31

>> Development and Application of the Green Territorial Index(GTI) 저탄소 녹색국토지수 개발 및 적용 연구

Kim Myungsoo, Chung Soukhi , Kim Sangjo & Park Jungeun