식품전용 산업단지 조성사업 타당성조사 및 기본구상

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(1)C2009-14 | 2009. 4.. 식품전용 산업단지 조성사업 타당성조사 및 기본구상. 최 김 김 한 정. 지 용 철 호 창. 현 렬 민 석 화. 선임연구위원 부 연 구 위 원 부 연 구 위 원 연. 구. 원. 수성엔지니어링.

(2) 연구 담당 최지현 김용렬 김철민 한호석 정창화. 선 임 연 구 원 부 연 구 위 원 부 연 구 위 원 연 구 원 수성엔지니어링. 연구 총괄, 제1장, 제2장 집필 제7-8장 집필 제3장 집필 제4장 집필 제5-6장 집필.

(3) i. 머 리 말. 이 연구는 정부가 식품산업의 고부가가치 달성과 식품기업의 역량 제고를 위해 국가식품클러스터를 익산시에 지정함에 따라 이에 대한 타당성 분석과 기업의 입지수요를 분석하기 위하여 이루어진 것이다. 정부는 식품산업의 육성 을 통해 지역경제를 활성화하고, 식품산업 기반 향상을 꾀하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 식품산업은 식품의 안전성, 기능성, 고급화, 세계화를 통해 산업활성화가 필요한 시점이다. 정부는 이러한 변화에 대응하여 국가식품클러스터를 의욕적으로 추진하고 있다. 본 연구는 국가식품클러스터를 개념화하고, 선진국의 식품클러스터의 현 황을 살펴보았으며, 관련 기업들의 국가식품클러스터에 대한 인지도와 입지 의 향 조사, 경제적 타당성, 개발구상과 사업비 산정에 대해 분석한 결과를 제시하 였다. 식품클러스터를 통한 식품산업의 발전은 식품이라는 매개를 통해 식품의 재 료가 되는 농산물을 생산하는 1차 산업, 재료를 활용하여 식품을 생산하는 2차 산업, 서비스를 제공하는 3차 산업이 동시에 발전할 수 있는 계기가 된다. 국가 식품클러스터는 식품산업의 첨단화, 고도화, 네트워크화, 최고의 안전성 추구, 건강에 좋은 식품 생산, 이를 위한 연구개발의 진행 등을 통해 우리나라 식품 산업의 발전을 견인하는 역할을 수행하게 될 것이다. 국가식품클러스터를 포함해 식품산업정책은 새로운 변화가 진행되고 있는 시점이기 때문에 모든 것이 불확실한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구가 국가식품클 러스터의 문제점을 보완하고 미래 지향적인 식품클러스터로 탄생할 수 있도록 기여할 수 있기를 희망한다. 2009. 4. 한국농촌경제연구원장 오 세 익.

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(5) iii. 요. 약. □ 연구의 목적 ㅇ 식품산업의 국제경쟁력 강화, 산업의 고도화, 농업과 식품산업의 연계발전, 지역경제 활성화를 위해 국가식품클러스터를 조성하여 혁신 주체간 네트워 크 시스템 및 R&D 시스템을 구축하기로 함. ㅇ 국가식품클러스터의 입지가 익산지역으로 선정됨에 따라 국가식품클러스 터에 대한 공간적 구조와 클러스터에 대한 기업의 수요 파악, 경제적 타당 성 분석을 연구의 목적으로 함.. □ 국가식품클러스터 추진전략과 과제 ㅇ 산업클러스터의 개념은 1990년대에 들어서 미국 하버드 대학의 Michael Porter에 의해 그 중요성이 강조되면서 전 세계적으로 혁신적인 산업클러스 터를 조성하기 위해 앞 다투어 적극적이고 다양한 정책을 추진하고 있음. - 포터 교수는 클러스터를 ‘특정 업종에 종사하는 기업을 중심으로 부품 공급업체, 서비스 공급업체, 연관산업 기업, 관련 기관(대학, 상공회의소 등)들이 서로 경쟁하면서 동시에 협조하는 지리적 집적체’로 정의하였 음. - 그 후 1999년 경제개발협력기구(OECD)에서 발간한 보고서에는 대학, 공공연구기관, 민간 연구소, 지식기반 서비스회사, 컨설팅회사 등 지식 을 취급하는 주체들을 클러스터의 혁신주체 속에 포함하여 이를 혁신 클 러스터(innovative cluster)로 명명하였음. - 국내의 경우 산업자원부가 2003년에 산업클러스터 육성시책을 발표하면 서 산업클러스터를 ‘기업, 대학, 연구소 등이 특정 지역에 모여 네트워크 구축과 상호작용을 통하여 사업 전개, 기술 개발, 부품 조달, 인력·정보 교류 등에서 시너지를 발휘하는 지역 단위’로 정의하였음..

(6) iv ㅇ 국가식품클러스터는 식품과 연관된 원료공급업체, 가공, 유통, 포장, 기계, 유통업체와 함께 대학, 연구소 및 지원기관들이 일정지역에 모여 서로의 기 능을 최대한 발휘할 수 있도록 집적화된 상태를 말함. ㅇ 동양식품의 종주국이자 식품강국으로 부상하기 위해 국가식품클러스터 내 에 개방형 혁신시스템을 구축하여 선진국과의 경쟁력 격차를 조기에 축소 하고, Oriental Food Centrum으로 성장하여야 함. ◦ 식품산업의 지속적인 개선과 혁신을 위해 국가식품클러스터의 핵심 주체 중 하나인 인력의 전문화·기능화를 강화하고 지식교환의 장(場)을 마련해 야 함. ◦ 국내외 기업/연구소의 투자유치를 위한 정주여건 개선과 투자유인제도를 마련하고, 이를 통해 정보교류, 기술협력, 기업간 협력 강화를 도모함으로 써 기업핵심역량을 강화해야 함. ◦ 지역화 및 국제화, 현지화를 동시에 추구하는 semi-global 및 Glocalization 전략을 모색하여, 식품기업의 내수시장 경쟁력 향상뿐만 아니라 수출지향 의 기반구축과 기업지원시스템 확충으로 식품산업의 선진화 도모. □ 입주대상 기업의 수요분석 ㅇ 국내외 식품제조업체, 식품관련 연구소 등을 대상으로 전라북도 익산시에 조성되는 국가식품클러스터에 대한 입주수요와 기업의 요구사항을 파악하 여, 향후 국가식품클러스터 조성을 위한 기초 자료를 제공. ㅇ 입주 수요조사는 국내외 식품제조업체 및 식품관련 연구소 1,021개소를 대 상으로 우편조사 및 전화조사, 리서치 회사를 통한 조사, 식품공업협회를 통한 조사 등 다양한 방법으로 225개 조사표를 회수하였음. ㅇ 국가식품클러스터에 대해 ‘알고 있다’라는 응답이 57.3%, ‘모른다’라는 응 답이 42.7%로 나타났으며, 알고 있는 경우 신문, TV, 라디오 방송 등 언론 을 통해 접한 경우가 36.9%, 농림수산식품부 홍보자료 19.9% 등으로 나타 남. ㅇ 국가식품클러스터 조성시 ‘입주를 고려하겠다’ 8.0%, ‘단지가 조성되는 것.

(7) v 을 보아가며 결정하겠다’ 35.6%, ‘입주를 고려하지 않겠다’ 56.4%로 나타나 조사대상의 43.6%가 국가식품클러스터 입주에 긍정적 의향을 보임. - 일반식품제조업의 경우 8.0%, 식품관련연구소의 경우 12.5%가 ‘입주를 고려하겠다’라고 응답하였으며, 35.6%, 31.3%가 각각 ‘단지가 조성되는 것을 보아가며 결정하겠다’라고 응답함.. □ 국가식품클러스터 개발구상 ㅇ 국가식품클러스터 개발 Concept은 첫째, 산·학·연 등의 복합적 융합을 통한 시너지효과 극대화, 둘째, 주거·상업·공업·농업 등의 다양한 기능 도입을 통 한 지속가능한 가치창출, 셋째, 전통문화와 어우러진 미래형 선도산업의 모 델 제시로 설정하였음. ㅇ 국가식품클러스터 개발 전략 - 지식정보 중심의 산업 패러다임 변화 환경에 유연하게 대응하고, 기업· 대학·연구기관 등과 상호 연계를 통한 산업활동 지원 - 기업 창업 및 성장 보육을 통한 지속성장 가능한 산업단지를 조성하고, 생산 활동과 관련된 전·후방 연계지원 및 네트워크 구축 - 친환경적 산업환경을 통한 산업단지 차별화 및 경쟁력을 확보하고, 다양 한 도시기능을 도입하여 혁신적인 도시 인프라 구축 - 지역기반 산업육성을 통한 지방 경제 활성화를 도모하고, 민·관 합작사 업을 통해 단지 조기 활성화 및 창의적 개발 아이디어 제공. □ 국가식품클러스터 사업타당성 분석 ㅇ 국가식품클러스터 조성에 대한 경제성 분석을 위해 편익과 비용의 범위, 가 격기준, 건축물의 잔존가치, 토지에 대한 잔존가치, 사회적 할인율을 설정하 였음. ㅇ 기업 종사자와 유치대상 기업 규모별로 시나리오를 설정하여 B/C 및 내부 수익율을 산출한 결과, 시나리오별로 차이는 있지만 B/C는 0.5~4.3, 내부수 익율은 0.2%~30.4% 수준인 것으로 분석됨..

(8) vi. ABSTRACT. A Feasibility Study and Plan for Establishing Food Cluster Korea The purpose of this study is to analyze the feasibility of establishing Food Cluster Korea, make the plan, survey 1,021 food companies and research institutes to identify their understanding of the cluster, and find a basic spatial structure. The cluster will be located in the city of Iksan, Jeollabukdo with an investment of 1 trillion won till 2015. The central government will be providing facility support for the cluster, such as food R&D centers, food processing facilities, joint collection and distribution facilities, and venture incubation centers. The food cluster will be assisting various organizations including the local food industry, overseas food industry clusters, universities, and research institutes, providing administrative and financial support for network improvement and R&D, and other activities aimed at increasing exports. The concept of the cluster is 1) to pursue synergy through close networks among food industries, academies, and institutes, 2) to create sustainable values by adopting various functions of industries including accommodation, commerce, manufacturing, and agriculture, and 3) to present a next-generation industry that is built harmoniously with traditional culture. The survey revealed that over a half of 225 companies, or 57.3% of the surveyed, already knew about the cluster. Most of them got the information about the cluster from the news media such as newspapers, TV, and radio. Forty three percent of the surveyed companies have willingness to participate in the food cluster. The results of the feasibility analysis show that the Benefit/Cost(BC) ratio ranges from 0.5 to 4.3, and the Internal Rate of Return(IRR) is from 0.2% to 30.4%. Therefore, it indicates that Food Cluster Korea may have economical efficiency if the headquarters of the cluster attracts over 50 companies with over 50 employees per company. Researchers: Ji-Hyeon Choi, Yong-lyoul Kim, and Ho-Suk Han Research period: 2008. 10 - 2009. 4 E-mail address: jihchoi@krei.re.kr.

(9) vii. 차. 례. 제1장 서론 1. 연구의 배경 ··································································································· 1 2. 연구의 목적 ··································································································· 3 3. 연구의 주요 내용 ························································································· 4 4. 연구의 범위 ··································································································· 5 5. 연구 수행 절차 ····························································································· 6 제2장 국가식품클러스터 추진전략과 과제 1. 식품산업의 동향 ··························································································· 7 2. 기본개념 ······································································································ 25 3. 국가식품클러스터 국내외 조성사례 ························································· 29 4. 국가식품클러스터 비전과 전략 ································································· 42 제3장 국가식품클러스터 개발여건 분석 1. 지역의 여건과 전망 ··················································································· 49 2. 상위․관련계획 검토 및 관련법규 검토 ················································· 69 3. 입지후보지 선정 ························································································· 88 4. 대상지 현황분석 ······················································································· 100 제4장 입주대상 기업의 수요분석 ································································ 113 제5장 개발규모 및 지표설정 1. 개발규모의 설정 ······················································································· 144 2. 유치업종 원단위 및 규모산정 ································································· 145.

(10) viii 3. 개발지표 설정 ··························································································· 146 4. 계획인구 추정 ··························································································· 150 제6장 국가식품클러스터 개발구상 1. 개발 Concept 및 개발전략 ······································································ 155 2. 공간배치구상 ····························································································· 160 3. 토지이용 구상 ··························································································· 164 4. 교통체계 구상 ··························································································· 173 5. 공원·녹지 구상 ························································································· 179 6. U-city 구상 ································································································ 183 7. 공급처리구상 ····························································································· 188 8. 환경관리대책 ····························································································· 195 제7장 국가식품클러스터 사업비 추정 및 사업타당성 분석 1. 사업비 추정 ······························································································· 202 2. 분양수익 산정 ··························································································· 205 3. 경제성 분석 ······························································································· 208 4. 지역경제 파급효과 ··················································································· 213 제8장 국가식품클러스터 개발의 추진방안 1. 연차별 투자계획 ······················································································· 215 2. 개발의 추진방안 ······················································································· 224 부록 1: 「국가식품클러스터」관련조사표」 ················································· 234 「大韓民国国家食品クラスター」関連調査票 ······························· 241 Survey Invitation for Food Cluster Korea ······································ 244 참고 문헌 ··········································································································· 247.

(11) ix. 표 차 례. 제2장 표 2-1. 식품산업의 부가가치 및 비중 ····································································· 9 표 2-2. 식품산업의 산출액 및 비중 ······································································ 10 표 2-3. 식품산업 사업체 수와 종사자 수 추이 ···················································· 11 표 2-4. 식품가공업의 품목별 생산액 추이(경상가격) ·········································· 13 표 2-5. 식품산업 수출 및 수입실적 ····································································· 14 표 2-6. 매출액 규모별 식품제조가공업체 현황(2007) ·········································· 15 표 2-7. 종사자 수 규모별 식품제조업체 현황(2007) ············································ 16 표 2-8. 식품 원료투입의 수입의존도(2003년 기준) ············································· 17 표 2-9. 지역별 해외 식품시장 규모 ······································································ 21 표 2-10. 국가별 식품시장 규모 ·············································································· 22 표 2-11. 식품가공 부문의 생산 및 고용현황 ······················································· 23 표 2-12. 주요국의 식품소비 패턴(2007) ································································ 24 표 2-13. 산업단지와 산업클러스터의 비교 ··························································· 29 표 2-14. 지역농업클러스터 시범사업단 현황 ······················································· 37 표 2-15. 지역농업클러스터 사업단별 주요 특성 ·················································· 38. 제3장 표 3-1. 익산시 위치 ································································································· 51 표 3-2. 익산시 표고분석 ························································································· 52 표 3-3. 익산시 경사분석 ························································································· 53 표 3-4. 익산시 기온 현황 ······················································································· 55 표 3-5. 익산시 강수량 현황 ···················································································· 55 표 3-6. 연도별 인구추이 현황 ················································································ 56.

(12) x 표 3-7. 주택 현황 ····································································································· 57 표 3-8. 지목별 토지이용현황 ·················································································· 57 표 3-9. 국토이용계획 현황 ······················································································ 58 표 3-10. 도시관리계획 현황 ···················································································· 58 표 3-11. 농업진흥지역 지정현황 ············································································ 58 표 3-12. 산업대분류별 사업체수 및 종사자수 ······················································ 59 표 3-13. 종업원 규모별 사업체 현황(2007) ··························································· 60 표 3-14. 교육시설 현황 ··························································································· 61 표 3-15. 원광대학교 법학전문대학원 일반현황 ···················································· 61 표 3-16. 문화·체육 시설현황 ·················································································· 62 표 3-17. 레져 시설현황 ··························································································· 62 표 3-18. 익산시 의료시설 현황 ·············································································· 63 표 3-19. 익산시 의료인 현황 ·················································································· 64 표 3-20. 익산시 의료 서비스 수준 ········································································ 64 표 3-21. 사회복지시설 현황 ···················································································· 64 표 3-22. 익산시 주요 도로현황 ·············································································· 66 표 3-23. 익산시 철도 현황 ······················································································ 67 표 3-24. 주요도시와의 철도 거리 ·········································································· 67 표 3-25. 호남고속철도현황 ······················································································ 67 표 3-26. 지역발전정책 기본방향과 전략 ······························································· 70 표 3-27. 전북권 발전방향 및 전략산업 ································································· 74 표 3-28. 산업입지 및 개발에 관한 법률 주요내용 ·············································· 78 표 3-29. 산업입지 개발에 관한 통합지침 주요내용 ············································ 79 표 3-30. 산업집적활성화 및 공장설립에 관한 법률 주요내용 ··························· 81 표 3-31. 산업단지 인·허가 절차 간소화를 위한 특례법 주요내용 ···················· 82 표 3-32. 기업활동 규제완화에 관한 특별조치법 주요내용 ································· 83 표 3-33. 환경영향평가법 주요내용 ········································································ 84 표 3-34. 도시교통정비 촉진법 주요내용 ······························································· 85.