문화유산의 지속가능한 향유를 위한 법제연구

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(1)연구보고 2010-07. 문화유산의 지속가능한 향유를 위한 법제연구. 김 정 순.

(2) 문화유산의 지속가능한 향유를 위한 법제연구 A Study on Legislation for Sustainable Enjoyment of Cultural Heritage. 연구자 : 김정순(선임연구위원) Kim, Jeong-Soon. 2010. 10. 29..

(3) 요 약 문 Ⅰ. 배경 및 목적 □ 국가경쟁력의 핵심요소로서 문화유산의 보존ㆍ활용의 중요성 ○ 21세기는 국가경쟁력의 핵심요소로서 문화유산의 보존․활용에 관한 중요성이 더욱 강조되고 있으나, 이를 효율적으로 뒷받침 하는 관련 시스템이나 역량은 아직 이에 미치지 못하고 있는 실정.. ○ 특히, 문화유산은 현 세대 뿐만 아니라 미래세대가 함께 누려야 하는 대표적 공공재임. ○ ｢문화재보호법｣ 제1조(목적)에서는 문화재의 보존과 계승 외에 ‘활용’을 강조하고 있음. □ 문화유산정책 및 법제의 패러다임의 변화 필요 ○ 현안에 대한 대응위주의 문화재 보존에서 탈피하여 예방적․과 학적 보존, ‘점’에서‘면’으로의 보존을 위하여, 그리고 지속가능 한 활용을 통하여 국민의 문화유산에 대한 향유를 제고하기 위 한 다양한 방안과 여건 마련 필요.. □ 문화유산의 보존ㆍ관리ㆍ활용의 법제 현황의 분석을 통해 지속가능한 문화유산의 향유를 위한 법제 개선 필요.

(4) Ⅱ. 주요 내용 □ 문화유산 보존ㆍ관리ㆍ활용의 법적 기초와 현황 ○ 문화재와 문화유산의 개념 - ｢문화재보호법｣ 제2조제1항의 “문화재” 개념과 ｢문화유산과 자 연환경자산에 관한 국민신탁법｣ 제2조제2호의 “문화유산” 개념 - 보고서에서는 논의의 편의상 ‘문화유산’과 ‘문화재’를 혼용하기 로 함.. ○ 문화유산 보존ㆍ관리 및 활용의 헌법적 근거 - 문화국가원리, 문화향유권 - ｢헌법｣ 전문 및 제9조 등. ○ 문화유산 보존ㆍ관리 및 활용의 원칙 - ① 원형유지의 원칙, ② 보존과 개발의 조화의 원칙 - 지속가능 한 개발의 원칙, ③ 문화환경(경관)의 보호의 원칙. ○ 문화유산의 보존ㆍ관리ㆍ활용의 정책 현황 개관. □ 문화유산 향유 관련 법제 현황과 문제점 고찰 ○ ｢문화재보호법｣, ｢매장문화재의 보호와 수리에 관한 법률｣, ｢문 화재 수리에 관한 법률｣, ｢문화재보호기금법｣,. ｢박물관 및 미술. 관 진흥법｣, ｢문화유산과 자연환경자산에 관한 국민신탁법｣, ｢지 방문화원진흥법｣, ｢문화예술진흥법｣, ｢문화산업진흥기본법｣ 등 문화유산(문화재) 관련 법제 현황 개관.

(5) ○ 문제점으로 ① 문화재 보호 대상의 확충문제,. ② 천연기념물. 문제, ③ 문화재 원형보존주의의 문제, ④ 문화재 중점보호주의 의 문제, ⑤ 국민의 재산권제한에 따른 손실보전 문제, ⑥ 수중 문화재의 조사ㆍ발굴 문제, ⑦ 세계유산 보존ㆍ관리의 강화문제,. ⑧ 매장문화재 조사에 관한 문제 등을 검토함.. □ 미국, 일본 등 외국의 문화유산 향유 관련 법제 현황 ○ 독 일 - 기념물보호법 : 기념물의 보호ㆍ보존(주법) - 연방문화재보호법(1999) : 문화재해외반출금지 - 통일협약: 문화기념물보호 - 무형문화재보호: 직접 규제 법률 없음. 예술 및 예술인에 대한 보호ㆍ촉진정책을 통하여 보호함.. ○ 일 본 - 문화유산보호는 1950년에 제정된 ｢문화재보호법｣에 따라 일체 적으로 규정되고 있음 - 중요문화재 제도, 전통적 건축물군 보존지구 제도, 문화재의 개념에 ‘문화적 경관’ 유형 추가 - 문화재 보호법(1950), 고도 보존법(1966), 문화재의 불법 수출 입 등의 규제 등에 관한 법률(2002) 등. ○ 미 국 - 문화재 보호와 관련된 미국법 제16편(Title) ‘보존(Conservation) 중 3개의 장을 중심으로 개관함..

(6) * 제1장 국립공원, 군사공원, 기념비 및 해안지대 보호, 제 1A장 유적 지, 건축물, 보호대상물 및 유물 보호, 제 1B장은 고고학적 자원 보호. - ｢유물․유적지법(1906)｣, ｢유적지법(1935)｣, ｢유적보존을 위한 국가신탁법(1949)｣, ｢고고학 및 유적 보존법(1960)｣, ｢국가유적 보존법(1966)｣, ｢고고학자원법(1979)｣ 등의 문화재 보호법 개관. □ 문화유산의 지속가능한 향유를 위한 법제개선방안 ○ 문화유산 정책 범위의 확대 ○ 무형문화재보호법의 제정 ○ 전통공연예술진흥법의 제정 ○ 국민의 재산권제한에 따른 손실보전을 위한 용적률거래제의 도입 검토. ○ 세계유산 보존ㆍ관리의 강화를 위한 문화재보호법 개정 - 문화재기본계획에 세계유산 등의 보존 및 관리와 관련된 사항 포함 등. ○ 수중문화재의 조사ㆍ발굴 및 보존을 위한 매장문화재 보호 및 조사에 관한 법률 개정 - 수중문화재의 효율적 보호 및 조사․발굴을 위한 전문조사기관 의 설립 및 전문인력 양성 지원 규정 신설. Ⅲ. 기대효과 □ 국민의 지속가능한 문화유산 향유 제고.

(7) □ 문화재보호법을 비롯한 문화유산(문화재)의 보존ㆍ관리ㆍ활 용 관련 법률의 제ㆍ개정시 참고자료로 활용함으로써 국가 입법 지원. 주제어 : 문화재, 문화유산, 중요무형문화재, 매장문화재, 수중문화재, 문화재수리, 국민신탁.

(8) Abstract. Ⅰ. Background and Purposes □ The importance of conservation and utilization of cultural heritage as a key element of national competitiveness ○ Even though the importance of conservation and utilization of cultural heritage as a key element of national competitiveness increases at the advent of 21st century, the current support system or capacity is not enough. ○ Especially, the typical characteristic of cultural heritage is public property which present and future generations enjoy together. ○ The object provision,. Article 1 of the Cultural Property Protection. Act emphasizes on the utilization of cultural property in addition to the conservation and succession thereof. □ Necessity of paradigm-shift in cultural heritage policies and legislations ○ Necessity of multi-dimensional plans and conditions to improve the nation's enjoyment of cultural heritage by means of preventive and science-based conservation, conceptual shift in conservation from a ‘point’ to ‘plane’, and sustainable utilization outgrowing from cultural heritage protection measures responding to current issues.

(9) □ Necessity of legislative improvement for the sustainable enjoyment of cultural heritage in analyzing current conditions of the conservation, maintenance, and utilization of cultural heritage. Ⅱ. Major Contents □ Legal basis and current conditions for cultural heritage conservation, maintenance, and utilization ○ The definitions of cultural heritages and property - “Cultural property” in Article 2 (1) of the Cultural Heritage Protection Act and “cultural heritage” in subparagraph 2 of Article 2 of the Act on the National Trust of Cultural Heritage and National Environment Assets - the words “cultural property” are used together with “cultural heritage” in this paper for convenience of discussion. ○ Constitutional basis for cultural heritage conservation, maintenance, and utilization - Principle of the Cultural State, the right to enjoy culture - Preamble and Article 9 of the Korean Constitution. ○ Principles of cultural heritage conservation, maintenance, and utilization - ⅰ) Principle of conservation of original form, ⅱ) Principle of harmony of conservation and development - Principle of sustainable.

(10) development, ⅲ) Principle of protection of cultural environment (cultural landscape). ○ Overview of current policies for cultural heritage conservation, maintenance, and utilization. □ Current Legislation concerning Enjoyment of Cultural Heritage and Analysis of Issues ○ Overview of Acts relating to cultural heritage (cultural property) such as ｢Cultural Heritage Protection Act｣, ｢Act on Protection and Maintenance of Buried Cultural Properties｣, ｢Act on Cultural Heritage Maintenance, etc.｣, ｢Cultural Heritage Protection Fund Act｣,. ｢Museum and Art Gallery Support Act｣, ｢Act on the National Trust of Cultural Heritages and National Environment Assets｣, ｢Promotion of Local Cultural Institutes Act｣, ｢Culture and Arts Promotion Act｣,. ｢Framework Act on the Promotion of Cultural Industries｣ ○ Review of points at issue, including ⅰ) extension of the scope of cultural heritage subject to protection, ⅱ) natural monuments, ⅲ) cultural heritage preservationism, ⅳ) intensive protectionism by national designation system, ⅴ) loss protection upon restriction on the people's right to own property, ⅵ) survey and excavation of underwater cultural property, ⅶ) Enhanced conservation and maintenance of world heritage, ⅷ) survey of buried cultural property.. □ Current laws concerning the enjoyment of cultural heritage in foreign countries, including the United States and Japan.

(11) ○ Germany - ｢Monuments Protection Act｣: Conservation and Protection of monuments (State laws) - ｢German Cultural Heritage Protection Act｣ (KultSchG 1999) : Ban on export of cultural objects - Uniform agreement: Protection of cultural monuments - Protection of intangible cultural heritage: Through policies for the protection and promotion of art and artists because of the absence of legal regulations which stipulate the protection directly. ○ Japan - ｢Cultural Heritage Conservation Act｣ enacted in 1950 stipulates the conservation and protection of cultural heritage comprehensively - Important cultural property system, traditional structures, conservation zone system, inclusion of cultural landscape to cultural heritage - ｢Cultural Heritage Conservation Act｣. (1950), ｢Ancient City. Protection Act｣ (1966), ｢Act on regulation of illegal export and import of cultural properties｣ (2002), etc.. ○ United States - Overview of three chapters relating to protection of cultural heritage from US Code, Title 16. * US Code, Title 16, Chapter 1: National parks, military parks, monuments, and seashores.

(12) * US Code, Title 16, Chapter 1A: Historic sites, buildings, objects, and antiquities, * US Code, Title 16, Chapter 1B: Archaeological resources protection. - Overview of Acts relating to cultural heritage protection, including. ｢Antiquities Act｣ of 1906, ｢Historic Sites Act｣ of 1935, ｢National Trust for Historic Preservation Act｣ of 1949, ｢Archeological and Historic Preservation Act｣ of 1960, ｢National Historic Preservation Act｣ of 1966, and ｢Archaeological Resources Act｣ of 1979. □ Legislative Proposals for sustainable enjoyment of cultural heritage ○ Expansion of policies for cultural heritage ○ Enactment of an Act relating to intangible cultural heritage protection ○ Enactment of an Act relating to traditional performing arts promotion ○ Consideration of introducing floor area ratio trading system to protect loss upon the restriction on the people's right to own property. ○ Amendment to the Cultural Heritage Protection Act for the purpose of enhancement of conservation and maintenance of world heritage - Inclusion of provisions concerning the conservation and maintenance of world heritage, etc. into the cultural heritage master plan. ○ Amendment to the Act on Protection and Maintenance of Buried Cultural Properties for the purpose of survey, excavation, and conservation underwater cultural property.

(13) - Insertion of new provisions concerning the establishment of specialized survey institutions for effective protection, survey and excavation of underwater cultural property and the development of professional human resources. Ⅲ. Expected Effects □ Improvement of the nation's sustainable enjoyment of cultural heritage □ Legislative support for the enactment and amendment of laws concerning. conservation,. maintenance,. and. utilization. of. cultural heritage(cultural property), including Cultural Heritage Protection Act. Key Words : cultural property, cultural heritage,. important tangible. cultural property (cultural heritage), buried cultural property, underwater cultural propery, maintenance of cultural property, national trust.

(14) 목 차. 요 약 문 ············································································································ 3 Abstract ············································································································ 9 제 1 장 서 론 ······························································································ 21 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ································································· 21 2. 연구의 범위 ······················································································· 23. 제 2 장 문화유산 보존ㆍ관리ㆍ활용의 법적 기초와 정책 현황 ································································································ 25 1. 문화유산 보존ㆍ관리ㆍ활용의 법적 기초 ······························ 25 (1) 문화유산 및 문화재의 의의 ······················································· 25 (2) 문화유산 보존ㆍ관리ㆍ활용의 헌법적 기초 ··························· 33 (3) 문화유산 보존ㆍ관리ㆍ활용의 기본원칙 ································· 37. 2. 문화유산 보존ㆍ관리ㆍ활용의 정책 현황 ······························ 38 (1) 문화유산 정책의 환경분석 ························································· 38 (2) 문화재 보존ㆍ관리 및 활용에 관한 기본계획 ······················· 40 (3) 문화유산 2011(문화재 5개년 계획) ·········································· 41 (4) 문화유산 보존ㆍ관리ㆍ활용 현황 ············································· 42. 제 3 장 문화유산 향유 관련 법제 현황과 문제점 ·················· 55 1. 문화재보호법 ····················································································· 55.

(15) (1) 문화재의 정의 ··············································································· 57 (2) 문화재 보호의 기본원칙 ····························································· 60 (3) 문화재 보호정책의 수립 및 추진 ············································· 60 (4) 문화재 보호의 기반 조성 ··························································· 61 (5) 문화재의 지정 ··············································································· 66 (6) 문화재의 등록 ··············································································· 83 (7) 일반동산문화재 ············································································· 88 (8) 국외소재문화재 ············································································· 89 (9) 문화재매매업의 허가 등 ····························································· 90 (10) 다른 법률과의 관계 ··································································· 91. 2. 매장문화재 보호 및 조사에 관한 법률 ·································· 93 (1) 제정 목적 및 매장문화재 정의 ················································· 94 (2) 매장문화재의 보호원칙 등 ··························································· 94 (3) 매장문화재의 지표조사와 문화재 보존조치 ····························· 95 (4) 매장문화재의 발굴 및 조사 ··························································· 96 (5) 발견 또는 발굴된 매장문화재의 소유권 처리 ··························· 97 (6) 매장문화재 조사기관 ···································································· 98 (7) 문화재 보존조치에 따른 토지의 매입 ········································· 98. 3. 문화재수리 등에 관한 법률 ························································ 99 (1) 제정 목적 및 문화재수리의 정의 ··········································· 100 (2) 문화재수리 등의 기본원칙 ························································ 100 (3) 문화재수리 등의 계획 수립 ····················································· 101 (4) 문화재수리 및 실측설계 제한 ················································· 101 (5) 문화재수리기술자 및 문화재수리기능자의 자격 등 ·············· 101 (6) 문화재수리업자 등의 등록 등 ··················································· 102 (7) 문화재수리업의 도급ㆍ하도급 제도의 정비 ···························· 102.

(16) (8) 문화재수리의 품질 확보 ····························································· 103 (9) 문화재수리 의무감리제도의 도입 ············································· 103. 4. 박물관 및 미술관 진흥법 ··························································· 104 (1) 제정목적 및 용어 정의 ····························································· 104 (2) 문화향유와 관련된 박물관(미술관)의 사업 ·························· 104 (3) 박물관 및 미술관의 설립 ························································· 105 (4) 경비 보조 ····················································································· 105 (5) 협력망의 구축 ············································································· 106 (6) 협 회 ····························································································· 106. 5. 문화유산과 자연환경자산에 관한 국민신탁법 ··················· 107 (1) 용어 정의 ····················································································· 107 (2) 국민신탁법인 ··············································································· 108. 6. 문화재보호기금법 ·········································································· 110 7. 지방문화원진흥법 ·········································································· 111 (1) 법의 목적 ····················································································· 111 (2) 지방문화원의 설립 ····································································· 111 (3) 지방문화원의 사업 ····································································· 112 (4) 관계 기관의 협조와 특정 지방문화원 지원ㆍ육성 ············· 112. 8. 문화예술진흥법 ·············································································· 112 (1) 용어 정의 ····················································································· 112 (2) 시책과 권장 ················································································· 113 (3) 지방문화예술위원회 ··································································· 113 (4) 문화지구의 지정ㆍ관리 ····························································· 114 (5) 문화참여 제고를 위한 시책 ····················································· 114.

(17) (6) 문화예술진흥기금 ······································································· 116. 9. 문화산업진흥기본법 ····································································· 118 (1) 용어 정의 ····················································································· 118 (2) 문화산업의 중ㆍ장기 기본계획 수립 등 ······························· 118. 10. 문제점 ····························································································· 119 (1) 문화재와 문화유산 개념 ··························································· 119 (2) 천연기념물 문제 ········································································· 120 (3) 문화재 원형보존주의의 문제 ··················································· 120 (4) 문화재 중점보호주의의 문제 ··················································· 121 (5) 국민의 재산권제한에 따른 손실보전 문제 ··························· 122 (6) 세계유산 보존ㆍ관리의 강화문제 ··········································· 123 (7) 수중문화재의 조사ㆍ발굴 문제 ··············································· 123 (8) 매장문화재 조사에 관한 문제 ················································· 124. 제 4 장 외국의 문화유산 향유 관련 법제 현황 고찰 ········· 125 1. 독일의 문화유산 관련 법제 ······················································ 125 (1) 개 설 ····························································································· 125 (2) 기념물 보호 및 보존을 위한 법 ············································· 126 (3) 기념물 관련 주요 정책 ····························································· 133 (4) 기념물 보호ㆍ보존을 위한 주요기구 ····································· 134 (5) 문화적 삶의 기초와 문화참여 문제 ······································· 135 (6) 시사점 ··························································································· 138. 2. 일본의 문화유산 관련 법제 ······················································ 140 (1) 개 설 ····························································································· 140 (2) 문화재 보호법 ············································································· 140.

(18) (3) ｢문화재 보호법｣ 이외의 문화유산보호제도 ························· 149 (4) 연구기관 ······················································································· 151 (5) 지방공공단체의 문화유산보호 제도 ······································· 152 (6) 시사점 ··························································································· 153. 3. 미국의 문화유산 관련 법제 ······················································ 154 (1) 개 설 ····························································································· 154 (2) 문화재의 의의 ············································································· 155 (3) 문화재 보호를 위한 미국법제 현황 ······································· 159 (4) 미국 유물 및 유적지 보호 관련법 ········································· 163 (5) 시사점 ··························································································· 178. 제 5 장 문화유산 관련법제의 개선방안 ······································ 181 1. 문화유산 정책 범위의 확대 ······················································ 181 (1) 문화재 개념의 확대 ··································································· 181 (2) 문화재‘보호’정책에서 문화유산정책으로 확대 ···················· 182 (3) 문화유산 향유권의 확대 ··························································· 183. 2. 무형문화재보호법의 제정 ··························································· 184 3. 전통공연예술진흥법의 제정 ······················································ 186 4. 국민의 재산권제한에 따른 손실보전을 위한 법제개선 ···· 188 5. 세계유산 보존ㆍ관리의 강화를 위한 법제 개선 ··············· 190 6. 수중문화재의 조사ㆍ발굴 및 보존을 위한 법제개선 ······ 193. 참 고 문 헌 ·································································································· 199.

(19) 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적. 제1장 서 론 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 21세기는 국가경쟁력의 핵심요소로서 문화유산의 보존․활용에 관 한 중요성이 더욱 강조되고 있으나, 이를 효율적으로 뒷받침하는 관 련 시스템이나 역량은 아직 이에 미치지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 특히 문화유산은 현 세대 뿐만 아니라 미래세대가 함께 누려야 하는 대표 적 공공재인 점을 고려할 때 문화유산의 보존․활용을 위한 사회 구 성원간의 역할과 인식에 기초한 법ㆍ제도적 시스템 개선ㆍ구축은 시 급하다 할 수 있다.. ｢문화재보호법｣(전부개정 2010.2.4 법률 제10000호 시행일 2011.2.5) 제1조(목적)에서는 “이 법은 문화재를 보존하여 민족문화를 계승하고, 이를 활용할 수 있도록 함으로써 국민의 문화적 향상을 도모함과 아 울러 인류문화의 발전에 기여함을 목적으로 한다.”라고 규정하고 있어 문화재의 보존과 계승 외에 ‘활용’을 강조하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 종 전에는 문화재의 보존과 관리가 문화재 행정의 주요 목적이었다면, 최근의 문화재 정책은 보존․관리와 함께 활용이 중요시 되는 시기라 고 할 수 있다. 문화유산은 국민의 문화활동의 공통적 기반으로서 공동체의 생활, 풍습, 사상, 철학, 종교 등이 응축된 역사적 결정체이기 때문에 문화 유산을 보존․계승하고 미래의 문화에 걸맞게 활성화하는 것은 가장 경쟁력있는 국가브랜드를 확보하는 것이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 문화 유산은 자국의 정체성을 확연하게 보여주는 것이지만 한정된 자원이 기 때문에 국제사회에서 문화국가로서의 지위를 향상시키고, 국민전 체의 이익증진을 위해 적절하게 활용되도록 하여야 한다. 유일무이한 문화유산을 어떻게 활용하고 급변하는 현실에서 후손들을 위하여 어 21.

(20) 제1장 서 론. 떻게 보존시킬 것인가 하는 문제를 결정하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 따 라서 사회변동에 따라 보다 문화유산의 가치가 유지되도록 계획적이 고 지속적인 문화유산의 유효적절한 활용방안이 강구될 수 있어야 한 다. 이러한 유효적절한 활용의 원리는 문화유산보호법제가 추구하는 독특한 기본원리라고 할 수 있다.1) 물론 문화유산의 활용이 문화유산보호법제의 최우선의 목표는 아니 다. 그러나 문화유산의 보존과 계승은 활용의 전제가 되기 때문에 보 존과 관리의 영역이 활용과 배치되는 것은 아니며 양축이 같이 유지 되어야 지속가능한 문화유산의 보존․관리 및 활용이 되는 것이고 이 를 통해 국민의 문화유산의 향유를 제고할 수 있을 것이다. 보존을 위해 활용이 제한될 수는 있으며, 활용이 보다 적극적인 보존과 관리 의 방법이 될 수도 있다. 문화유산 보호의 궁극적인 목적은 보존과 활용을 통한 문화의 재창조라 할 수 있겠다. 중앙행정기관과 지방자치단체들이 유형 또는 무형의 문화재 또는 문화유산을 활용하고 시민들이 향유할 수 있는 정책을 추진하고 있기 는 하지만 여전히 ‘재(材)’ 즉 문화재중심의 법적 사고를 토대로 보전 과 복원에 주력하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 ‘재(材)’ 중심의 ‘문화재’ 개 념보다는 실정법상의 개념정의를 떠나서 ‘문화유산’의 개념을 사용하 는 것이 문화유산의 활용과 재창조, 다양성 증진 등 향유를 위한 문 화정책을 위해 바람직 할 것으로 보인다. 즉, 현안에 대한 대응위주의 문화재 보존에서 탈피하여 예방적․과학적 보존, ‘점’에서 ‘면’으로의 보존을 위하여, 그리고 지속가능한 활용을 통하여 국민의 문화유산에 대한 향유를 제고하기 위하여서는 문화재(문화유산) 정책 및 법제에 있어서 패러다임의 변화가 필요하다. 따라서 문화유산의 향유의 관점에서 볼 때, 향유를 위한 다양한 방 법의 개발과 여건 마련이 필요하다. 문화유산의 내재된 가치를 적극 1) 박동석 엮음․정문교 감수, ��문화재보호법��, 민속원, 2005, 34-35쪽.. 22.

(21) 2. 연구의 범위. 발굴하고 이를 현대적 관점에서 재창조하기 위한 다양한 시책을 펼쳐 문화유산이 국민과 보다 친숙하고 생명력이 살아 숨쉬는 자산으로서 자리매김할 수 있어야 한다. 따라서 이 연구는 ｢문화재보호법｣, ｢매장문화재의 보호와 수리에 관 한 법률｣, ｢문화재 수리에 관한 법률｣, ｢문화재보호기금법｣, ｢박물관 및 미술관 진흥법｣, ｢문화유산과 자연환경자산에 관한 국민신탁법｣, ｢지 방문화원진흥법｣, ｢문화예술진흥법｣, ｢문화산업진흥기본법｣ 등의 분석 을 통하여 문화유산의 보존ㆍ관리ㆍ활용의 법제 현황을 살펴보고 이를 통해 국민의 실질적인 문화유산 향유를 제고할 수 있는 방안, 그리고 후대를 위한 공공재인 문화유산의 “지속가능성”을 가능하게 하는 문화 유산 향유를 위한 다양한 법정책의 개발을 통하여 문화유산의 보존ㆍ 관리, 향유의 세 축이 균형을 잡을 수 있도록 법제 개선방안을 마련하 고자 한다.. 2. 연구의 범위 이 보고서에서는 논의의 편의상 ‘문화유산’과 ‘문화재’를 혼용하기 로 한다. 첫째, 문화유산 보존ㆍ관리ㆍ활용의 법적 기초와 현황에 대하여 고찰 한다. 문화재와 문화유산의 개념, 문화유산 보존․관리․활용의 원칙, 문화유산 보존․관리․활용의 헌법적 근거 등을 살펴보고, 문화유산의 보존ㆍ관리ㆍ활용의 정책 현황을 개관해 본다. 구체적으로 문화유산 향 유를 위한 헌법적 근거로서 문화국가주의를 살피며, 문화유산향유권이 도출될 수 있는지를 고찰한다. 둘째, 문화유산 향유 관련 법제 현황과 문제점을 고찰하며, 그 대상 으로 ｢문화재보호법｣, ｢매장문화재의 보호와 수리에 관한 법률｣, ｢문 화재 수리에 관한 법률｣, ｢문화재보호기금법｣, ｢박물관 및 미술관 진 흥법｣, ｢문화유산과 자연환경자산에 관한 국민신탁법｣, ｢지방문화원진 23.

(22) 제1장 서 론. 흥법｣, ｢문화예술진흥법｣, ｢문화산업진흥기본법｣ 등을 살펴본다. 구체 적으로 문화재 보호 대상의 확충, 천연기념물 문제, 문화재 원형보존 주의의 문제, 문화재 중점보호주의의 문제, 국민의 재산권제한에 따른 손실보전 문제, 수중문화재의 조사ㆍ발굴 문제, 세계유산 보존ㆍ관리 의 강화문제, 매장문화재 조사에 관한 문제 등을 검토한다. 셋째, 우리의 문화유산 관련 법제에 대한 시사점을 얻기 위하여 독 일, 일본 등 외국의 문화유산 향유 관련 법제 현황을 비교법적으로 고찰한다. 넷째, 지금까지의 분석과 논의를 바탕으로 문화유산의 지속가능한 향유를 위한 법제개선방안을 모색한다.. 24.