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Sexual Backlash:

Sexual Identity on Stage

British & American Drama and Performance 13

(2)

ROUND 1

Man and Woman

(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)

ROUND 2

Feminitity & Masculinity

(9)

Both women are young, beautiful and successful.

They both look feminine and just exudes feminity.

What is feminity?

According to a dictionary, feminity means qualities and behaviors judged by a particular culture to be ideally associated with or

especially appropriate to women and girls….

So what is it exactly?

(10)

“Sensuality and Feminity”:

The Mae West Lips Sofa designed by Dalí in 1937

(11)

Wonder Woman

(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)

Tale as old as time True as it can be

Beauty and the beast

(16)
(17)
(18)

ROUND 3

Feminism

(19)

Feminists

 recognize the equal value of all human beings & seek to diminish discrimination and oppression based on sex

Feminism

 Concerned with gender and gender inequities

Gender

 A socially constructed--human created--system of values &

identities that are prescribed for women and men

Patriarchy

 Concerned with values, institutions, & practices that reflect the experiences, values, interests of men as a group and protect their privileges… while denying and devaluing the experiences, values, interests of women as a group

Some Thoughts on Feminism

(20)

Purpose & Basis

 Aims to struggle against the oppression of women as women

 Works toward the overthrow of patriarchy

 A critique of the patriarchal ‘cannon’ & the hegemony of male artists

 A devaluation or rejection of works with high canonical standing

Feminism & Gender Theory

(21)

Concerns

 Concerned with the cultural representation of women, as a masculinist fantasy with no relation to real women, or as the appropriation of women’s bodies to masculine perspectives

 Overturn the traditional systems of representation

 Understand the ideologies that have limited women’s way of becoming subjects

 Open up new ways in which women are free to escape the confines of the subjectivity patriarch sets for them

 Interested in the fostering of women’s cultures  rediscovery of forgotten & overlooked works by women

Feminism & Gender Theory

(22)

Liberal Feminism

 All people should be equal

Feminism & Gender Theory

(23)

Radical or Cultural Feminism

 Assumes essential or universal feminine mode of being

 Female body, rhythms, feminine relations to the material, feminine spiritual, emotional and intellectual make-up

Hélène Cixous “Feminine Writing” (écriture féminine)

 A mode of expression faithful to the rhythms and intuitiveness natural to women

Feminism & Gender Theory

(24)

Materialist Feminism

 See the feminine as not natural but constructed in relation with other forces (ex, class and race)

 Oppression of women as a result of the patriarchal/capitalist societal structure

 Refuses to posit a feminine essence

Feminism & Gender Theory

(25)

Materialist Feminism

Simone de Beauvoir The Second Sex

 French Existentialist Feminist

 Concerned with the consequences of being born a man or a woman, & the differences as resulting from social

constructions, not from an essential cause

“One is not born, but, rather becomes a Woman”

Feminism & Gender Theory

(26)

Black Feminism

 Argues that Feminism theory itself is part of an exclusionary, white discourse that does not relate to the experience of black women

Feminism & Gender Theory

(27)

Lesbian Feminism

 Emerged in the late 1960s-1970s in the US

 Brings new perspectives to gender identity, heterosexuality

 Claims the lesbian relations escape patriarchal oppression, representation and the male gaze

 To be freed from oppression, women must be separate from men

Feminism & Gender Theory

(28)

Lesbian Feminism

Jill Dolan

Gay and Lesbian Representation and Sexuality

 Resists the power structure of patriarchy

 “We should the extreme!”6  Extreme = gay, homo, lesbian…

 Trans-gender’s body = third area of body

Feminism & Gender Theory

(29)

Queer Theory

 Queer: homosexual, bisexual, transsexual, cross-dressers &

everybody else who does not feel ‘straight’ for some reason

 Ultimately posits towards sexuality open to varied & shifting practices and identities

Feminism & Gender Theory

(30)

ROUND 4

Essentialist vs. Postmodernist

(31)

“The female body has many uses. It’s been used as a door-knocker, a bottle-opener, as a

clock with a ticking belly, as something to hold up lampshades, as a nutcracker…”

- Margaret Atwood

Female Body

(32)

The difficulties of locating identity

 Who/What are women and feminity?

Essentialist belief

 Natural qualities of femininity exist “underneath” everything else

 Stress absolute essence of women and the most important difference between men and women is biology

 “Human body is important… because it shapes our identities and structures our interventions in, and classifications of, the world”

Female Body

(33)

The difficulties of locating identity

 Who/What are women and feminity?

Postmodern feminist

 Criticism of feminist essentialism

 A differentiated body will only reinforce the structures of oppression which naturalize gender construction

 “We need to pursue a third position on the body which avoids both the dissolving of the material body associated with extreme social constructionism, and a return to biological essentialism”

Female Body

(34)

여성부 폐지 논란

 여성부를 폐지하자는 정책이 논의된 바 있다… 여성부의 존치가

남녀평등의 관점에서 보았을 때 과연 합당한지, 여성부는 있는데 왜 남성부는 없는 건지에 대한 부분도 생각해 보아야 할 것이다…

 Ex) Chairman vs. Chairwoman  Chairperson

Pros & Cons of Gender Issue

(35)

캐콘 <남보원>

여자들이 밥을 사는 그날까지 남자들이여 일어나라!

 집에서는 귀한 아들, 너한테는 짐꾼이냐!

 니전화는 수신전용, 내전화는 발신전용!

 손이없냐 발이없냐, 가방들고 소변봐라!

 이병헌과 비교마라, 니얼굴이 김태희냐!

 벗어달라 강요말라, 가을밤엔 나도춥다!

Pros & Cons of Gender Issue

(36)

영화 <아내가 결혼했다>

 ‘일부일처제’의 고정관념이 흔들리기

시작한 것이다… 결혼은 이젠 ‘필수’가 아닌 ‘선택’이라는 생각이 들기까지 한다… ‘이중결혼’이란 가치전복적인 상상력을 통해 사랑과 결혼이 주는 진정한 행복의 본질이 무엇인지 한번쯤 생각케 한다….

(대학내일 2008. 10. 27)

Pros & Cons of Gender Issue

(37)

영화 <브로크백 마운틴>

 “에덴동산에서 쫓겨난 아담과 이브의 이야기…

아담과 이브가 먹은 선악과는 잭과 에니스, 두 남자의 사랑이 된다”<씨네 2006. 2.17)

마사치오 <낙원추방>

Pros & Cons of Gender Issue

(38)

ROUND 4

M. Butterfly

(39)

Basic Info

 A play by David Henry Hwang (Asian American playwright)

 Contemporary adaptation of Puccini’s Madame Butterfly

 Dramatizes the true tale of a French diplomat’s two-decade love affair with a Chinese actress who is later reveals to be a spy, and a MAN

 Shocking revelation: the singer turns out to be a man!!!

 How could the French diplomat maintains a sexual relationship for two decades

without learning the truth?

M. Butterfly (1988)

Film edition (1993)

(40)

Characteristics of Song

 Physical beauty

 Submissiveness

 Self-sacrifice

 Combination of modesty and sexiness

 Song performed a female gender with his male body…

 Is Song a male/masculine or female/feminine?

M. Butterfly (1988)

Film edition (1993)

(41)

Myths about Gender Identity

 French man, Gillimard, thinks he is loved by the perfect woman

 The perfect female, Song, turns out to be a male… Gillimard realizes that Song is just a man, cold and abusive

 The difference between fantasy &

reality…

 Gilliard chooses fantasy, entering into his own private world where he

becomes the tragic Madam Butterfly

 feminizes himself!

M. Butterfly (1988)

Film edition (1993)

(42)

M. Butterfly (1988)

Premiered (1988) at Eugene O’Neill Theatre, New York City.

Original casts:

John Lithgow (Gillimard) B.D. Wong (Song Liling)

(43)

M. Butterfly (1988)

Premiered (1988) at Eugene O’Neill Theatre, New York City.

Original casts: John Lithgow (Gillimard), B.D. Wong (Song Liling)

(44)

M. Butterfly (1988)

Premiered (1988) at Eugene O’Neill Theatre, New York City.

Original casts: John Lithgow (Gillimard), B.D. Wong (Song Liling)

(45)

M. Butterfly (1988)

Premiered (1988)

(46)

Thanks

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