07 c h a p t e r
75KRIHS Geospatial Information Research
National Geographic Information System(here-after NGIS) project, which started from 1995, has significantly contributed to improving national informatization and competitiveness. Many digi-tal maps including topographic maps, land parcel maps, and thematic maps were created in con-junction with NGIS project. Now the govern-ments use those maps for internal works and civil services. Citizens can access to those maps through the Internet and even through the cellu-lar phones.
However, the NGIS has revealed some limita-tions, such as insufficient National Spatial Data Infrastructure(NSDI), lack of interoperability, and low level of information sharing. Besides, it also has limitations on adopting new technologies.
The roots of these problems lie in the incomplete-ness of the Act of NGIS(hereafter NGIS Act).
If it is clear that we need to innovate the NGIS Act, then, what should it include? The answer to this question is that we should pay attention to the definition, standard, partnership, and distribu-tion of 3D based nadistribu-tional framework data. The production of framework data should be based on formal standards so that everyone can use them in the diverse computing environment. At the same time, framework data should be easily
updated and shared. Cooperation among data pro-ducers and information sharing systems are also essential conditions. To make things work, such notions are reflected in the law. Standard, part-nership and information service are defined as National Spatial Data Infrastructure(NSDI) in this research. NSDI consists of framework data, stan-dardization, partnership, distribution, and law.
There are three alternatives for improving NGIS Act. The first is to add National Spatial Data Infrastructure related contexts in the current NGIS Act. The second is to make a new law, ten-tatively called NSDI Act, that substitutes NGIS Act. The third is to amend all laws related to GIS and make a new law. The first alternative has the highest feasibilities and the lowest effects on the problems. The third alternative has the highest effects and the lowest feasibilities. Thus, the sec-ond measure is the most satisfactory and reason-able solution.
Research Period: 2006. 6. 1~2006. 11. 30
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2006-13, 129pp
>> Improving Legislation for Geospatial Information : Focusing on the NSDI
국토정보 관련 법제 발전방안 -국가공간정보기반 구축을중심으로-Byong-Nam Choe
07
74KRIHS
Informatization has developed in a ubiquitous environment unifying real and virtual space. To reflect on this trend, the government has promot-ed the U-Korea Project, which is a national strat-egy based on ubiquitous technology.
This study scrutinizes the current state of national GIS policies directed toward the ubiqui-tous society by comparing them with Japanese policies, and then develops improved strategies for the future.
The results of comparing the national GIS pro-motion strategies for ubiquitous society in Korea and Japan as follow.
The comparison of the national GIS strategies showed that Korea needs a practical distribution method for disseminating and applying spatial information. Moreover, it is necessary to aim for a user-focused service society by developing a standardized GIS content in order to share GIS.
The national GIS plan in Japan focuses on the dissemination and application of spatial informa-tion, rather than on data construction only. For example, it enables practical distribution by stan-dardization, such as the development of Geospa-tial-Extensible Markup Language(G-XML) and free Internet data service based on an agreement between government and citizens.
After comparing the national ubiquitous strate-gies, the ubiquitous society in Korea should be approached from the social and cultural view taken in Japan. While the strategies used in Korea are concentrated on developing the economy, the strategies used in Japan focus mainly on user requests, not on the technology itself. In addition, the strategies used in Japan are based on a coop-erative system involving government officials, cit-izens, and education facilities. Therefore, a bot-tom-up method, not a top-down method, is requi-site for designing and determining the strategies.
It is essential to share technologies domestical-ly based on our comparison with Japan, and to accept the diversity of the new Korean society.
Moreover, human-focused services and intelli-gence that are able to provide personalized ser-vice to users are required. In addition, it is neces-sary to invent new industries that are competitive internationally.
Research Period: 2006. 1. 1~2006. 6. 30
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2006-56, 121pp
>> A Comparative Study of National Geographic Information System Strategies for the Ubiquitous Age in Korea and Japan
유비쿼터스 시대를 대비한 한∙일 국가GIS 추진전략 비교연구 Yong-Cheol Suh & Ho-Sang Sakong
Ⅱ2006 Research Projects
77KRIHS Geospatial Information Research
The consideration of quality of life has been regarded as important in urban planning. In this vein, there have emerged two controversial issues, urban sprawl and compact city, in the urban growth management arena while it is diffi-cult to determine which of them is better. Over-seas institutions have conducted various researches to measure the change in urban spatial structure for urban growth management ; howev-er, few considerations have been given to those studies so far in Korea.
The main objective of this study is to propose measurement methods of urban form - urban sprawl versus compactness. We have developed two quantitative methods ; one is a statistical analysis that can be adopted at the macro level ; and the other is a GIS-based spatial analysis for the micro level spatial approach. The statistical analysis includes five indices that are explored on urban form at the national scale : Gini's concen-tration ratio, Theil index, Shannon's entropy, Moran's I, and mean of deviation distance. The GIS based spatial analysis method for measuring micro urban form uses four variables : density, continuity, mixed use, and centrality.
In this study, parcel data and architectural information are adopted for the micro scale
analysis. The results of the urban spatial structure measurement are utilized as a quantitative value.
In a case study, the composited index is obtained by adding all the measured urban spatial struc-ture. As each individual index sufficiently repre-sents the characteristics of the urban spatial structure, it is more important to understand the characteristics of an urban structure based on the individual index than that of the composited index.
The results of the analysis on urban form are presented using a 3-dimensional model. The ana-lytical methods proposed in this paper are expect-ed to help urban planners to devide urban growth management policies.
Research Period: 2006. 1. 1~2006. 6. 30
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2006-6, 107p
>> Measurement of Urban Form in Urban Growth Management - Urban Sprawl and Compactness
도시성장관리를 위한 공간구조 측정방법에 관한 연구 -외연확산형과 압축형 도시측정을
중심으로-Eun-Sun Im, Jong-Yeol Lee, Hyoung-Jin Kim & Hee-Yeon Lee
07
76KRIHS
National territorial development projects bring about changes in the national territorial space, and affect the quality of people's life and envi-ronment. As a result, while a better environment for living is created by the projects, sometimes they exert negative influences. Thus, decision makers who plan and perform national territorial policies need to simulate the results expected to be caused by various development activities. The purpose of this research is to investigate the development methods for simulating the national territorial policy in the perspective of integrated spatio-temporal model.
The results are as follows : firstly, this study develops a flexible model for simulating a regional sector structural change incurred by national territorial policies. The model is devel-oped by using the system dynamics method on a pilot basis. Using the model, it is possible to esti-mate future population and land use scale through the feedback loop between subsystems that compose the national territory.
Secondly, this study develops the model of land use change for simulating the effect of the change in the regional industrial structure on land use in regions. The land use change model analyzes the potential of land use change using
various spatial data. The principle for the model is to distribute the future demand for land use to lands with a high potential that is required for development.
Lastly, the study develops an experimental sys-tem and constructs a framework of the model for integrated spatio-temporal national territorial policy simulation, integrating a flexible model and a spatial model. The experimental system is constructed by loosely-coupling ArcGIS and STELLA, and effectively visualizes the integrative simulation results of a flexible and spatial model.
The models developed in this study are experi-mental models that adopts the integrative spatio-temporal approaches. Thus, it is necessary to con-duct follow-up studies in order to construct a concrete model, introduce various variables, and test parameters to be applied to real policies for the national territory.
Research Period: 2006. 1. 1~2006. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2006-41, 161p
>> Integrated Spatio-temporal Simulation Model for National Territorial Policy(II) : Research Method and Case Studies
시공간통합 국토시뮬레이션모형 개발 연구(II) : 국토정책시뮬레이션을 위한 시공간통합모형 개발방안 Byong-Nam Choe, Eun-Sun Im & Dong-Woo Lee
Ⅱ2006 Research Projects
79KRIHS Geospatial Information Research
Recently, many local governments and urban developers are vigorously promoting u-City con-struction projects targeting urban problems while improving competitiveness and quality of life of a city on the basis of Information & Communica-tions Technology. Numerous challenges lie ahead in realizing the u-Cities. Since there are virtually no cases that can be benchmarked either home or abroad, the nation must find its own way forward.
The study aims at the realization of u-City. First-ly, the meaning of u-City realization was sought based on future urban changes. Along with this, some insights for u-City are suggested through the examination of domestic and overseas u-City development cases, and current issues regarding u-City were gathered based on in-depth interviews with relevant experts. Secondly, under the new urban paradigm, the vision, purpose, concepts and basic framework for the development of u-City were devised. Thirdly, from the necessary for the comprehensive planning and management of u-City, several strategies are presented by classifying it into u-Infra and u-Service, with relevant laws and regulations considered. And the study divided the execution process into project, development and management levels, and then suggests some realization strategies that are level-dependent.
In the long run, the study is expected to provide guidelines for numerous u-City projects, which are currently under the development by different municipalities and urban development companies.
It will also provide more comprehensive and sys-tematic approaches to u-City development for the developers. In other words, by utilizing the basic and detailed directions to issues related to u-Infra, and the strategies, it will become possible to pre-vent confusions during u-City development to a great extent. In terms of Service, by supplying u-Services that are either required for the entire nation or area-specific, the central government may take the initiative in it, and build confidence in supplying u-Services nationwide. In terms of laws and regulations, in order to make sure u-City development be executed on a legal basis and process, the establishment and execution of the u-City planning system along with the organizations in charge, standardization and financial resources, should be covered and reflected on the currently on-going establishment of u-City construction sup-port laws by the central government.
Research Period: 2006. 1. 1~2006. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2006-37, 165pp
>> The National Strategies for the Realization of u-City
u-City(時空自在 도시) 구현을 위한 국가전략 연구 Jung-Hoon Kim, Chun-Man Cho & Shun-Hee Han07
78KRIHS
This study starts from recognition that we need to secure the data related with the territorial use in North Korean region that is extremely insuffi-cient. With this background, this study is designed to establish the method of examining the territorial use status in North Korea, which is needed for South-North exchange and coopera-tion, Korean peninsula SoC, and land planning establishment, as an application study based on the methodology of the preceding study.
The research item of the territorial use status to identify the territorial use status in North Korea can vary depending on the utilization purpose.
Therefore, the study was performed on the land utilization status of North Korea by categorizing it into road, railroad, port, airport, water resources, location of industry, agriculture, forestry, housing, and urban city. The following problems were found. First, the land utilization data is collected and possessed by the agency that carries out the corresponding duty or business, and not shared by each agency, which results in inefficient uti-lization. Second, the North Korean land utiliza-tion data is produced, distributed, and utilized by various types including documents, statistics, images like photo and video, geographic infor-mation, and satellite image. However, its
accura-cy is low since it covers the fragmental or old data. Third, there is no formalized data collection method to collect the North Korean territorial use data.
This study prop
osed indirect and direct research method to examine the territorial use status in North Korea through actual proof study on Pyeongyang City and demand research. To use the result of this study effectively, the promotion strategy by stage needs to be established and promoted for the study of the territorial use status in North Korea.
Research Period: 2006. 1. 1~2006. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2006-38, 242pp
>> Methods to Survey on the Status of Use of Territory in North Korea
북한지역 국토이용실태 조사방안 연구Ho-Sang Sakong, Ki-Hwan Seo & Shun-Hee Han
Ⅱ2006 Research Projects
81KRIHS Geospatial Information Research
The goal of this study is to develop an urban sprawl monitoring method aiming at reducing or eliminating the problems caused by urban sprawl including lack of infrastructure facilities, environ-mental degradation, and environenviron-mental pollutions.
The study is composed of six chapters summa-rized as follows :
Chapter I describes the background, objectives and flows of the study. Following the introducto-ry chapter, Chapter II reviews the current issues in urban sprawl management and previous researches in the field. It investigates the opera-tional definitions of urban sprawl. Also, it identi-fies what to monitor for urban sprawl control as follows: infrastructure facilities including schools, police stations, and fire stations ; environmental degradation represented by the decrease in forest and agricultural land resources ; and environ-mental pollutions identified based on the amount of BOD and trash.
Chapter III offers the methods, stages, and evaluation criteria for urban sprawl monitoring.
In Chapter IV, a case study of urban sprawl is presented based on the experiences of Hwaseong City in urban sprawl. The findings of the case study show that Hwaseong has experienced urban sprawl due to the lack of infrastructure
facilities, continuous environmental degradation, and increase in environmental pollution.
Chapter V explores the important factors that should be considered for constructing the urban sprawl monitoring system and the procedures. It introduces the techniques for the construction including GIS and remote sensing, and a data-base that can be used for the system building.
Finally, Chapter VI provides the conclusions of the study, and suggestions for future studies for developing an urban sprawl monitoring system.
Research Period: 2006. 1. 1~2006. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2006-39, 75pp
>> Urban Sprawl Monitoring System : A Conceptual Framework and Case Study
GIS를 활용한 난개발 상시 감시체계 구축방법 연구Jong-Yeol Lee, Dong-Han Kim & Kirl Kim
07
80KRIHS
Due to the urbanization and industrialization, recent abnormal disaster results in complicated and diverse damage of territory. As our cities grows more complicated and diverse, the disaster managements are very important factor for urban management.
Main issues at this time is to move forward from individual and general policy to effective network-ing and interoperable intelligent disaster preven-tion system. To provide adequate urban disaster mitigation strategies, intelligent disaster preven-tion system using uGIS is very important. There-fore, Intelligent disaster prevention model based uGIS on this issue was discussed in this study.
The disaster prevention system based uGIS is very useful to manage history of disaster of an area, to analyze risk assessment and damaged area of a disaster. The system is employed at the stages of disaster preparedness, response, and recovery to scenario development. It becomes more powerful to emerge mobile and other recent high technologies in spatial information.
For accelerating building of the intelligent urban disaster prevention system, the GIS data sharing is the first important factor and the insti-tutions related to disaster prevention is needed to be revised for interdisciplinary framework. To
improve the current disaster prevention systems, it is also necessary to develop uGIS based new model for disaster prevention system.
Intelligent urban disaster prevention model were distinguished into legancy system from the viewpoint of management area, and static and dynamic data for the contents of analysis.
A method to build individual disaster preven-tion system and integrated comprehensive disas-ter prevention system was also suggested, which was included framework data of GIS based disas-ter prevention system, technologies of GIS based disaster prevention, standard, institution, and cooperation system with other GIS system, etc.
This research made a contribution to the grow-ing field of hazards mitigation and disaster pre-paredness, response, and recovery. In conclusion, this study has shown that uGIS based intelligent disaster prevention system holds great promise for efficient and comprehensive management of natural and man-made disasters.
Research Period: 2006. 1. 1~2006. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2006-40, 164pp
>> Strategies for Building Disaster Prevention Territory Using GIS(II) Strategies for Intelligent Urban Disaster Prevention System
방재국토 구축을 위한 GIS 활용방안 연구(II) 지능형 도시방재정보체계 추진방안 -Moon-Sub Chung, Kwang-Ik Kim & Young-Joo Lee
Ⅱ2006 Research Projects