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Bacteriological Hazard Analysis in Minimally Processed Shellfish Products Purchased from Korean Seafood Retail Outlets

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Copyright © 2018 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science pISSN:0374-8111, eISSN:2287-8815

서 론

최근수산물은고단백저지방의우수한단백질원임과동시에 다양한기능성을가진건강식품이라는소비자의인식이강화되 면서소비가빠른속도로늘어나고있다

.

국제연합식량농업기

(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO)

따르면세계의어패류소비량은

2011

기준연간

144

백만톤으로

, 2000

이후연평균

3%

증가율을기록하였 으며

,

세계

1

인당연간수산물소비량도

2011

년도기준

21 kg

2000

보다

4 kg

가까이늘어났다

(FAO, 2016).

우리나 라의경우

,

국민

1

인당연간수산물소비량은

2015

기준

59.9 kg

으로세계에서가장많았으며

, 2000

36.8 kg

비교하면

1.6

가까이증가하였다

(Statistics Korea, 2017).

삼면이바다로둘러싸인우리나라의경우

,

식품소재유통

수산물이차지하는비중이외국에비해높을뿐만아니라다양 수산가공제품이출시되고있지만이화학적

,

미생물학적 구에의한위해관리는미흡한실정이다

.

식중독발생통계자료 작성된

2010-2011

5

월까지식중독원인식품을확인

,

추정 있는

211

어패류가공품이전체

51%

차지하 있으며발생건수로는

1

(25

/270

),

환자수로는

2

(405

/7,253

)

달할정도로높다

(Statistics Korea, 2017).

또한

Bahk (2009)

연구에서도수산물가공품과수산물건조품이

위해순위에서각각

2

위와

11

위로높은순위를나타내었다

.

수산물가공품은통조림

,

한천

,

연제품

,

조미가공품등의고차 가공수산물과냉동품

,

건제품

,

염신품

,

염장품등의단순가공 수산물로분류할있으며

,

단순가공수산물은국민이일상적 으로다소비하고있는대표적인수산식품으로전체의

76%

차지하고있다

(Statistics Korea, 2017).

그러나단순가공수

유통 중인 패류 단순가공품의 세균학적 위해요소 분석

김현정·이동수·이지민·김영목

1

·신일식*

강릉원주대학교 해양식품공학과, 1부경대학교 식품공학과

Bacteriological Hazard Analysis in Minimally Processed Shellfish Products Purchased from Korean Seafood Retail Outlets

Hyun-Jung Kim, Dong-Soo Lee, Ji-Min Lee, Young-Mog Kim1 and Il-Shik Shin*

Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea

1Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea

The purpose of this study was to assess bacteriological hazards in the following 7 kinds of minimally processed shellfish products purchased from Korean seafood retail outlets: raw oysters stored with seawater in polyethylene bags, frozen oysters, raw mussels, frozen mussels, boiled mussels, raw short-necked clam, and frozen short-necked clams, obtained from Korean seafood retail outlets. The total coliform and Escherichia coli counts determined in all samples were detected below regulation limit of the Korean government guidelines (Food Code). In addition, the high-risk bacterial pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes , Salmonella spp., and E. coli O157:H7 were not detected in any samples. Low-risk pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were detected at lev- els above 1.0×10

2

colony forming unit (CFU)/g in some minimally processed shellfish products. Notably, S. aureus was detected in all samples. Raw oysters stored with seawater in polyethylene bags, frozen oysters, and boiled blue mussels are commonly ingested without heating, and therefore these minimally processed shellfish products pose bacteriological hazards. The detection of S. aureus in all shellfish products, an organism indicative of poor personal hygiene, which can grow and multiply during distribution, indicates the necessity of improving the food safety of minimally processed shellfish products.

Key words: Food safety, Bacteriological hazards, Minimally processed product, Shellfish

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

https://doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2018.0121

Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 51(2) 121-126, April 2018

Received 5 February 2018; Revised 22 February 2018; Accepted 6 March 2018

*Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 33. 640. 2346 Fax: +82. 33. 640. 2346

E-mail address: [email protected]

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산물의경우

,

공장의규모가영세할뿐만아니라식품제조가공 등록

(

신고

)

없이제조하거나재래시장등에서비포장상태로 유통되는위생관리사각지대에있으며

,

위해관리가미흡 실정이다

.

우리나라는 세계 상위권의 패류생산국으로

2015

패류생 산량은

410,970

톤으로수산물생산량의

12.3%

차지하고 있으며

(MOF, 2016),

다양한패류가공품이출시되고있다

.

류가공품은굴통조림

,

홍합통조림과같은고차가공품과봉지

,

냉동굴

,

냉동홍합단순가공품이있으며

,

시중에유통되 패류가공품은단순가공품이주류를이루고있다

(Statistics Korea, 2017).

그러나패류단순가공품의경우역시

,

생산공장 규모가영세할뿐만아니라

,

식품제조가공업등록

(

신고

)

제조하거나재래시장등에서비포장상태로유통되는 생관리사각지대에있으며

,

생굴

,

봉지굴등과같이섭취 도의가열조리없이날것으로섭취하는경우도많기때문에 중독발생의위험도높은편이다

.

한편패류의위생학적안전성 위한연구로는충남태안패류생산해역에서의세균학적 안전성평가

(Song et al, 2008),

남해창선해역진주담치의 위생학적안전성평가

(Yoo et al., 2010),

한국연안산패류

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

분포항생제내성특성비교

(Yu et al., 2014),

전남여자만새꼬막의세균학적위생평가

(Shin et al., 2016),

생식용작업장의위생안전성에대한모니터링

(Kang et al., 2017),

단순가공패류의수산물의가공공정 생물학적이화학적위해요소분석

(Kwon et al., 2017)

생산해역에서의패류위생과제조공정패류의위생학적 안전성에관한논문만다소있을

,

유통되고있는패류단순가 공품의종류별미생물학적안전성에관한연구는거의없는 정이다

.

이에연구에서는시중에유통되고있는수산물가공 패류단순가공품에대한안전성확보를위해미생물학적 위해요소를조사한결과를보고하는바이다

.

재료 및 방법

시료

실험에사용한패류는봉지굴

(raw oyster Crassostrea gigas),

냉동굴

(freezed oyster),

생담치류

(raw mussel Mytilus sp.),

동담치류

(freezed mussel),

자숙담치류

(boiled mussel),

생바지

(raw short-necked clam Tapes philippinarum),

냉동바지락

(freezed short-necked clam)

으로서

, 2017

3

월부터

10

이에

on-line market

강릉시소재의마트에서구입하였으며

, on-line market

에서구입한패류는도착즉시실험에제공하였

,

마트에서구입한패류는실험당일구입하여

ice box (5℃)

실험실로운반

, 12

시간이내에실험을진행하였다

.

대장균군과 대장균 분석

대장균군

(Coliform group)

대장균

(Eschericia coli)

분석

식품공전

(MFDS, 2016)

최확수

(most probable number, MPN)

법으로진행하였다

.

구입한패류단순가공품시료

25 g

0.85%

멸균생리식염수

225 mL

10

희석한

, Stomacher 440 (Seward Medical, London, UK)

으로

230 rpm

에서

1

분간 균질화하였다

.

추정시험의경우

lauryl sulfate tryptose (LST) broth (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA),

확정시험의

brilliant green lactose bile (BGLB) 2% broth (Difco Labo- ratories)

사용하여

37±1℃, 24-48

시간배양하였다

.

대장균

EC broth (Difco Laboratories)

44.5±1℃, 24

시간배양하 였으며

,

대장균군과대장균분석에사용된

BGLB, EC

배지 발효관

(durham tube)

가스가발생한것을양성으로판정 하고

,

이를최확수

(MPN/100 g)

나타내었다

.

병원성세균 분석

수산식품의 주요 병원성세균인

Staphylococcus aureus, V.

parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp.

5

종의병원성세균에대한 석은식품공전

(MFDS, 2016)

시험법에따라진행하였다

. S.

aureus

V. parahaemolyticus

정량실험을하였고

, L. mono- cytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp.

정성실험을 였다

.

결과 및 고찰

봉지굴

10

개사에서 제조하여유통중인봉지굴을구입하여세균학

오염도를조사한결과는

Table 1

같다

.

냉장유통되는 지굴의대장균검출범위는

<18-40 MPN/100 g

으로현행식품 공전생식용굴의대장균허용기준치인

230 MPN/100 g

(MFDS, 2016)

만족하는것으로나타나위생학적문제는

없는것으로판단되었다

.

그러나식중독세균의경우

, V. para- haemolyticus, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7

검출되지않았지만

, S. aureus

10

제품

3

제품에서

1.0×10

2

colony forming unit (CFU)/g

이상검출되 위생학적으로문제가있는것으로나타났다

.

Kang et al. (2016)

양식산굴의수확직후부터최종제품인 생식용탈각굴의생산단계까지공정에서굴의식중독균

(

장균

, E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, Salmo-

nella spp., V. parahaemolyticus

C. perfringens)

대하여 사한결과식중독균의종류에관계없이모든제조공정에서 출되지않았다고보고한있으며

, Kwon et al. (2017)

연구 의하면봉지굴제조공정에서최종완제품의경우

, S. aureus

<1.18-1.29 log CFU/g

이하로검출되어위생학적문제가 것으로보고한있는데

,

연구의유통제품에서이들균이 허용기준치이상으로검출된것은유통과정에서온도관리가 대로이루어지지않아균이증식한것으로추정되며

,

봉지굴의

(3)

경우가열조리없이생식하는경우가많기때문에유통중의 생안전관리강화가필요한것으로판단된다

.

냉동굴

14

개사에서제조하여유통중인냉동굴을구입하여세균학적

오염도를조사한결과는

Table 2

같다

.

냉동 유통되는 냉동굴의 대장균은

<18-45 MPN/100 g

현행 식품공전 생식용굴의대장균허용기준치인

230 MPN/100 g

이하

(MFDS, 2016)

만족하는 것으로 나타나 위생학적문제는없는것으로판단되었다

.

그러나식중독세균 경우

, V. parahaemolyticus, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7

검출되지않았지만

, S. aureus

15

제품

10

제품에서

1.0×10

2

CFU/g

이상검출되어위생학 적으로문제가있는것으로나타났다

.

냉동굴의경우도봉지굴 마찬가지로가열조리없이해동만하여생식하는경우가 으므로유통위생안전관리강화가필요한것으로판단된다

. 생담치류

10

개사에서제조하여유통중인생담치류를구입하여세균학 오염도를조사한결과는

Table 3

같다

.

냉장유통되는 담치류의대장균검출범위는

18-45 MPN/100 g

으로현행식품 공전생식용굴의대장균허용기준치인

n=5, c=1, m=230, M=700 MPN/100 g

이하

(MFDS, 2016)

만족하는것으로 나타나위생학적 문제는없는것으로판단되었다

.

그러나

Table 1. Bacterial count in raw oyster Crassostrea gigas under seawater in polyethylene bags purchased from Korean fish retail outlets Company Coliform group (MPN/100 g) Food-borne bacteria (CFU/g)

Total coliform E. coli S. aureus V. parahaemolyticus L. monocytogenes Salmonella spp. E. coli O157:H7

A 110 <18 3.0×101 ND ND ND ND

B 170 <18 1.5×101 ND ND ND ND

C 330 <18 2.0×102 ND ND ND ND

D 470 40 1.7×102 ND ND ND ND

E 150 <18 4.8×101 ND ND ND ND

F 260 <18 1.8×101 ND ND ND ND

G 20 <18 1.1×101 ND ND ND ND

H 230 <18 1.3×102 ND ND ND ND

I 140 <18 2.3×101 ND ND ND ND

J 340 20 1.5×101 ND ND ND ND

ND, not detected.

Table 2. Bacterial count in frozen oyster Crassostrea gigas purchased from Korean fish retail outlets Company Coliform group (MPN/100 g) Food-borne bacteria (CFU/g)

Total coliform E. coli S. aureus V. parahaemolyticus L. monocytogenes Salmonella spp. E. coli O157:H7

A 130 <18 9.0×101 ND ND ND ND

B 130 <18 5.6×101 ND ND ND ND

C 230 <18 1.8×102 ND ND ND ND

D 270 <18 2.5×102 ND ND ND ND

E 790 45 1.3×102 ND ND ND ND

F 490 <18 1.6×102 ND ND ND ND

G 330 <18 3.1×102 ND ND ND ND

H 590 37 3.7×102 ND ND ND ND

I 230 <18 1.2×102 ND ND ND ND

J 490 18 7.0×101 ND ND ND ND

K 280 <18 5.3×102 ND ND ND ND

L 310 <18 1.8×102 ND ND ND ND

M 250 <18 6.8×101 ND ND ND ND

N 470 18 2.7×102 ND ND ND ND

ND, not detected.

(4)

중독세균의경우

, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7

검출되지않았지만

, S. aureus

10

제품모두에

1.0×10

2

CFU/g

이상검출되었으며

, V. parahaemolyticus

10

제품

7

제품에서

1.0×10

2

CFU/g

이상검출되어

생학적으로문제가있는것으로나타났다

. 냉동담치류

6

개사에서제조하여유통중인냉동담치류를구입하여세균

Table 3. Bacterial count in raw mussel Mytilus sp. purchased from Korean fish retail outlets

Company Coliform group (MPN/100 g) Food-borne bacteria (CFU/g)

Total coliform E. coli S. aureus V. parahaemolyticus L. monocytogenes Salmonella spp. E. coli O157:H7

A 780 45 1.9×102 3.8×102 ND ND ND

B 660 40 3.6×102 1.3×102 ND ND ND

C 320 25 1.2×103 2.5×102 ND ND ND

D 280 18 5.7×102 1.7×102 ND ND ND

E 350 20 4.2×102 2.3×102 ND ND ND

F 730 45 1.5×103 3.9×102 ND ND ND

G 340 20 6.2×102 8.6×101 ND ND ND

H 570 37 7.9×102 1.2×102 ND ND ND

I 320 18 8.7×102 3.0×101 ND ND ND

J 310 18 2.5×102 6.3×101 ND ND ND

ND, not detected.

Table 4. Bacterial count in frozen blue mussel Mytilus sp. purchased from Korean fish retail outlets Company Coliform group (MPN/100 g) Food-borne bacteria (CFU/g)

Total coliform E. coli S. aureus V. parahaemolyticus L. monocytogenes Salmonella spp. E. coli O157:H7

A 230 <18 4.9×102 ND ND ND ND

B 210 <18 1.5×102 ND ND ND ND

C 200 <18 7.9×101 ND ND ND ND

D 190 <18 1.4×103 ND ND ND ND

E 180 <18 8.4×101 ND ND ND ND

F 220 <18 1.2×103 ND ND ND ND

ND, not detected.

Table 5. Bacterial count in boiled mussel Mytilus sp. purchased from Korean fish retail outlets

Company Coliform group (MPN/100 g) Food-borne bacteria (CFU/g)

Total coliform E. coli S. aureus V. parahaemolyticus L. monocytogenes Salmonella spp. E. coli O157:H7

A 180 <18 5.2×101 ND ND ND ND

B 230 <18 2.7×102 ND ND ND ND

C 190 <18 1.8×102 ND ND ND ND

D 180 <18 6.2×101 ND ND ND ND

E 210 <18 8.7×101 ND ND ND ND

F 300 18 9.2×101 ND ND ND ND

G 200 <18 1.2×102 ND ND ND ND

H 180 <18 3.9×101 ND ND ND ND

I 200 <18 6.2×101 ND ND ND ND

J 300 18 4.8×102 ND ND ND ND

(5)

학적오염도를조사한결과는

Table 4

같다

.

냉장유통되는 동담치류의대장균검출범위는

6

제품모두

<18 MPN/100 g

으로현행식품공전생식용굴의대장균허용기준치인

230 MPN/100 g

이하

(MFDS, 2016)

만족하는것으로나타나 생학적문제는없는것으로판단되었다

.

그러나식중독세균의 경우

, S. aureus

6

제품

4

제품에서

1.0×10

2

CFU/g

검출되어위생학적으로문제가있는것으로나타났다

.

생담치류와냉동담치류의경우

,

생식하는경우는거의없고 대부분가열조리하여섭취하기때문에문제는없을것으로 생각되지만

,

유통중의위생관리를철저히한다면더욱안전한 패류단순가공품을공급할있을것으로사료된다

.

자숙담치류

10

개사에서제조하여유통중인자숙담치류를구입하여세균 학적오염도를조사한결과는

Table 5

같다

.

상온유통되는 숙담치류의대장균검출범위는

<18-18 MPN/100 g

으로현행 식품공전생식용굴의대장균허용기준치인

230 MPN/100 g

이하

(MFDS, 2016)

만족하는것으로나타나위생학적 제는없는것으로판단되었다

.

그러나식중독세균의경우

, S.

aureus

10

제품

4

제품에서

1.0×10

2

CFU/g

이상 출되어위생학적으로문제가있는것으로나타났다

.

자숙담치류의경우

,

상온유통에가열조리없이섭취하는 우도있으므로유통온도관리위생안전관리강화가필요 것으로판단된다

.

생바지락

5

개사에서제조하여유통중인생바지락을구입하여세균학 오염도를조사한결과는

Table 6

같다

.

냉장유통되는생바 지락의대장균검출범위는

<18-20 MPN/100 g

으로현행식품 공전생식용굴의대장균허용기준치인

230 MPN/100 g

(MFDS, 2016)

만족하는것으로나타나위생학적문제는

없는것으로판단되었다

.

그러나식중독세균의경우

, S. aureus

5

제품모두에서

1.0×10

2

CFU/g

이상검출되었으며

, V.

parahaemolyticus

5

제품

3

제품에서

1.0×10

2

CFU/g

이상검출되어위생학적으로문제가있는것으로나타났다

. 냉동바지락

10

개사에서제조하여유통중인냉동바지락을구입하여세균 학적오염도를조사한결과는

Table 7

같다

.

냉동 유통되는 냉동바지락의 대장균 검출범위는

<18-18

MPN/100 g

으로현행식품공전생식용굴의대장균허용

기준치인

230 MPN/100 g

이하

(MFDS, 2016)

만족하는

Table 6. Bacterial count in raw short-necked clam Tapes philippinarum purchased from Korean fish retail outlets Company Coliform group (MPN/100 g) Food-borne bacteria (CFU/g)

Total coliform E. coli S. aureus V. parahaemolyticus L. monocytogenes Salmonella spp. E. coli O157:H7

A 340 18 6.6×102 9.0×101 ND ND ND

B 180 <18 3.7×103 1.1×102 ND ND ND

C 330 18 3.8×103 3.1×102 ND ND ND

D 380 20 3.1×103 2.7×102 ND ND ND

E 190 <18 8.2×102 8.5×101 ND ND ND

ND, not detected.

Table 7. Bacterial count in frozen short-necked clam Tapes philippinarum purchased from Korean fish retail outlets Company Coliform group (MPN/100 g) Food-borne bacteria (CFU/g)

Total coliform E. coli S. aureus V. parahaemolyticus L. monocytogenes Salmonella spp. E. coli O157:H7

A 300 18 9.2×102 ND ND ND ND

B 340 <18 5.8×102 ND ND ND ND

C 480 18 3.6×102 ND ND ND ND

D 320 <18 7.5×101 ND ND ND ND

E 290 <18 1.3×102 ND ND ND ND

F 420 18 2.4×102 ND ND ND ND

G 390 <18 5.7×102 ND ND ND ND

H 380 <18 4.2×102 ND ND ND ND

I 250 <18 3.7×102 ND ND ND ND

J 410 18 5.4×102 ND ND ND ND

ND, not detected.

(6)

으로나타나위생학적문제는없는것으로판단되었다

.

그러 식중독세균의경우

, S. aureus

10

제품

9

제품에

1.0×10

2

CFU/g

이상검출되어위생학적으로문제가있는 것으로나타났다

.

생바지락과냉동바지락의경우생식하는경우는거의없고 부분가열조리하여섭취하기때문에문제는없을것으로 각되지만

,

유통중의위생관리를철저히한다면더욱안전한 류단순가공품을공급할있을것으로사료된다

.

이상의결과를요약하면담치류와바지락단순가공품에서 중독균인

S. aureus

V. parahaemolyticus

단순가공품에 비하여높게검출되었고

,

V. parahaemolyticus

보다

S. aureus

검출빈도가높다는것을있다

.

단순가공품보다 바지락 단순가공품에서

V. parahae-

molyticus

높게검출된 이유로는 수하식으로 양식하는

(72.5%)

보다갯벌에서양식하는바지락

(97.5%)

에서

V. para- haemolyticus

검출율이높다고보고한

Yu et al. (2014)

구결과를있다

.

,

바지락을양식하는환경

(

갯벌

)

특성 으로인하여굴보다미생물학적오염도가높은것으로사료된

.

한편

, V. parahaemolyticus

보다

S. aureus

검출빈도가 이유로는어류수산물가공품인생선초밥에서

V. parahae- molyticus

보다

S. aureus

오염도가보다높은것으로보고한

Cho et al. (2009)

연구결과를있다

.

소포장단계에서 종업원의손에의한오염과

,

유통중의온도관리미비등에 의하여

S. aureus

오염도가높은것으로사료된다

.

따라서 같은패류단순가공품의미생물학적위해요소를줄이기위해 서는보다적극적인종업원의위생교육과유통중의온도관리 필요하다고판단된다

.

사 사

논문은

2016

년도식품의약품안전처에서시행한용역연구

개발과제의연구개발비지원

(16162

수산물

601)

의해수행되 었습니다

.

References

Bahk GJ. 2009. Determining of risk ranking for processed foods in Korea. J Fd Hyg Saf 24, 200-203.

Cho SK, Moon BY and Park JH. 2009. Microbial contamination analysis to assess the safety of marketplace shshi. Korean J Food Scl Technol 41, 334-338.

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na- tions). 2016. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2016. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/ publications/so- fia/2016/en/?platform= on Jun 2, 2017.

Kang KT, Kim MJ, Park SY, Choi JD, Heu MS and Kim JS.

2016. Risk assessment of oyster crassostrea gigas processing site for an HACCP system model. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci

49, 533-540. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2016.0533.

Kwon KO, Ryu, DG Jeong MC, Kang EH, Shin IS and Kim YM. 2017. Microbiological and physicochemical hazard analysis in processing process of simple-processed shell- fish products. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 50, 352-358. http://

dx.doi.org/ 10.5657/KFAS.2017.0352.

MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety). 2016. Korean Food Standards Codex. Retrieved from http://www.foodsafe- tykorea.go.kr/foodcode/01_01.jsp on Jun 17, 2017.

MOF (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries). 2016. Statistical Year- book of Fisheries Production. Retrieved from http://www.fips.

go.kr/jsp/sf/ss/ss_kind_law_list.jsp? menuDepth=070104 on Jun 1, 2017.

Shin SB, Oh EG, Jeong SH, Lee HJ, Kim YK and Lee TS. 2016.

Assessment of bacteriological safety of the seawater and ark shell (Scapharca subcrenata) in Yeoja Bay, Korea. J Fish Mar Sci Edu 28, 1435-1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.13000/

JFMSE.2016.28.5.1435.

Song KC, Lee DS, Shim KB, Lim CW, Mog JS, Byun HS, Park YJ and Cho KC. 2008. Evaluation of bacteriological safety for the shellfish growing waters in Taean area, Korea. Ko- rean J Fish Aquat Sci 41, 155-162.

Statistics Korea. 2017. Seafood Consumption, The Fishery Pro- duction Statistics. Retrieverd from http://www.index.go.kr/

potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do? idx_cd= 1317 on Jun 3, 2017.

Yoo HD, Ha KS, Shim KB, Kang JY, Lee TS and Kim JH. 2010.

Microbiological quality of the shellfish-growing waters and mussels in Changseon, Namhae, Korea. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 43, 298-306.

Yu HS, Oh EG, Shin SB, Park YS, Lee HJ, Kim JH and Song KC. 2014. Distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Vib-

rio parahaemolyticus isolated from Korean shellfish. Kore-

an J Fish Aquat Sci 47, 508-515. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/

KFAS.2014.0508.

수치

Table 2. Bacterial count in frozen oyster Crassostrea gigas purchased from Korean fish retail outlets Company Coliform group (MPN/100 g) Food-borne bacteria (CFU/g)
Table 5. Bacterial count in boiled mussel Mytilus sp. purchased from Korean fish retail outlets
Table 7. Bacterial count in frozen short-necked clam Tapes philippinarum purchased from Korean fish retail outlets Company Coliform group (MPN/100 g) Food-borne bacteria (CFU/g)

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