10주 2강
Session 2: Theory & Practice
Types of Text Reliability:
Hervey & al put it on the scale
Literal
Translation
Faithful Translation
Balanced Translation
Idiomatic Translation
Adaptation
Also, let‟s consider why „translation error [오역]
happens
“Translation error [오역]‟
happens
• “If a translator does not understand the SLT
well….”
• “If a translator is not
knowledgeable about the SLT topic….”
• <통번역 이야기> 이 용성
“translatorese 번역투”
happens
• “If a translator does not restructure the STL message in a way that fits in the TL structure…”
Then, let‟s take an example of „번역투‟…
“The details were worked out by
Gustave Eiffel” [“Effel Tower” essay]
It sounds fluent in Korean, if you translate…
• 세부 작업은 에 펠이 해냈다.
It sounds foreign in Korean, if you translate
• 세부 작업은 구 스타브 에펠에 의해 행해졌다.
How would you translate this documentary text?
• In Spain, the atrocities of Napoleon‟s invasion were witnessed by the
greatest romantic of the
age.
If you choose to be faithful to the SLT…
• “스페인에서는/ 나폴레옹 침 략굮의 잔혹상이/ 당대의 위 대한 낭만주의 화가에 의해 / 목격되었다”
• *You follows the English syntax of passive tense.
On the other hand, if you decide to be effective on Korean target readers…
• “스페인에서는 당대 최고의 낭만주의 화가가 나폴레옹 침 략굮의 잔혹상을 목격했다”
• You converts the English syntax of the passive tense into the Korean syntax of the active tense CONVERSION [치환]
But this brings us into another question.
• Does it always make sense to translate the SLT into TLT beautifully and
fluently?
No, says Lawrence Venuti
• In his book “The Translator’s Invisibility”, he argues “Even if the TL readers may find it syntactically difficult to read the
translated text, it is translator‟s job to make his translation „foreign‟ and „exotic‟
• “다소 읽기 껄끄럽고 읽기 힘들더라도 원 본의 결이 그대로 살아 있으며 이색적인 맛과 분위기가 풍기는 번역이라야 한다”
Also, 박찬순 says:
• “문화적으로 생경한 표현이나 관용구를 우리말로 자 연스럽게 동일화시킨답시고 지나치게 토속적인 것으 로 바꾸지 말라”
• “This is particularly true when you translate some culturally-bound or idiomatic
expressions. Don‟t make it sound too local or too fluent [to TL audience].
For example, let‟s consider these video text translations
• It is a piece of cake.
• 누워서 떡 먹기-식은 죽 먹기
• I‟ll bet against this winning.
• 그 녀석이 이기면 내 손에 장을 지지겠다->그 녀석이 이기면 내 성 을 갈지
• There is no room for premature celebration.
• 떡 줄 놈은 생각도 않는데 김칫국부터 마신다.->샴페인을 너무 일 찍 떠뜨렸다.
So, we can see…Culture affects the choice of the translated word
• For example..
• If we translate the Bible‟s bread and wine into „떡과 막걸리” instead of „빵과 포도 주”
• Or „지게‟ instead of „십자가‟?
This brings us back to the main topic of textile reliability..
• It is the translator‟s choice between how
foreign it can go or how fluent it can sound for the translation to the target language
audiences.
• Foreignism………..Fluency
So what is the effect of the
„foreignism‟?
• The translation reads fairly
fluently but has a slightly alien
feel. One can tell, reading it, that
is a translation, not an original
work.
You can use translation strategies if you choose the „foreignism‟ as your text
reliability
• Borrowing [차용]:
• 샴페인
• 버스
• 익스트림,
• 컴퓨터, 태권도, 김 치
• Claque [모사]
• Foreign words are literally translated into mother tongue
• [도착어에 없는 구표현을 그대 로 사용]
Example of using Calque
• 뜨거운 감자 hot potato
• 당근과 채찍 carrot and stick
• 하얀 코끼리? [감당하기 어려운 선물]
• White elephant
Then, let‟s consider
• What are the translation
strategies you can use if you choose your translation to be
closer to the „fluency‟ end of the
text reliability scale?
What is the effect of the „fluency‟
on the TL audience?
• The translation is so accessible and
readable for the target-language reader as to seem like an original in the target language. It never makes the reader stop and reflect that this is in fact a
translation.
Conditions for fluency of BA translation [자연스러운 영한 번역 조건]
• Its meaning should be clear.
• 의미 전달이 쉽고 투명하다.
• Expression is relevant to the context
• 상황에 맞는 적절한 표현 [equivalence at the pragmatic level]
• Keep it clear and concise.
BA translation strategies for fluency
Conversion 치환
Modulation 변조
Adaptation 번안
Conversion 치환
• SLT‟s syntactic structure is changed to fit the TLT syntax.
• Ex] Oil price hike makes traffic light.
• 기름값 인상이 거리를 한산하게 만들었다. [Noun phrase]
• 기름값이 인상되어서, 거리가 한산하다. [SV sentence]
Conversion:
Let‟s example of translating documentation text
• Advanced technology couldn‟t save America being disgraced in
Vietnam.
• 첨단 기술공학도/ 미 국이 베트남에서 수 모 당하는 것을 구해 줄 수 없었다.
• *Faithful to English syntax of SVOC
If you use „conversion‟
• Advanced technology
couldn‟t save America being disgraced in
Vietnam.
• 미국은 첨단 기술공 학으로도 베트남에서 수모를 면할 수 없었 다.
• Change-Subject- Object:
Another documentary text of
„The History of Flight”
• Money and
success eluded these early
dreamers.
• 돈과 성공은 이들 초 기 꿈꾸는 이들을 피 해갔다.
• “What if this is a literary text?...
• But consider this is
„documentation‟ text
Modulation [변조]
• Translate from the different point of view 텍스트를 보는 관점을 바꾸어 번역한다.
• Example: There is little water in the bottle.
• 물이 아직은 조금 남아있다.
• People would treat you with respect.
• 사람들이 함부로 대하지 않을 겁니다.
If we consider this is documentary text, it may create desired effect, if we translate..
• Money and
success eluded these early
dreamers.
• 이들 항공 개척 자들에게 부와 성공은 쉽게 오 지 않았다.
• Change English subject and object
Also, avoid non-human subject
• History has said that African-
American movies don‟t sell well
.• 역사는 흑인 영화가 인기가 없다고 말해 주는 것이다.
• 역사적으로 볼 때도 흑인 영화는 외국에 서 인기가 없었다.
Getting back to our main topic of textile reliability
• We also consider Nida who talked about
„formal equivalence‟
versus „dynamic
equivalence‟.
Nida in bible translation
Formal Equivalence
“as white as snow‟ Dynamic Equivalence:
“as white as swan?”
Dynamic equivalence
• Then, would it be OK if we
translate the “Lamb of the
Lord” into the “Seal of the
Lord”?
Getting back to the adaptation type of text reliability…
• Adaptation recasts the original so as to have the desired impact on an audience that is substantially different from that of the original
• For example, when an adult text is adapted for children
• A written text is adapted for television
• An advertising campaign designed to associate a product with other uses.
Adaptation examples…
• That explains his gloominess.
• 어쩐지 풀이 죽어 있더라니.
• You eat your own as though it was feast.
• 보리밥을 산해진미처럼 먹는구나.
• He, too, was one of the 49ers.
• 그 역시도 노다지를 찾아 헤맸다.
Adaptation examples…for video or movie subtitle
Source:
<그 때 번역이 내게로 왔다>, 박찬순
“He had never laid his wife on the bed of roses”
• If this is literary text…
• “그는 아내를 좀체 장미 침대에 누인 적이 없었다”
• If this is for publisher..
• “그는 아내를 결코 편안하게 해준 적이 없었다”
What if this is a movie subtitle?
• “그 남잔 아내를 꽃방석에 앉힌 적이 없 어요”
• “그 남잔 아내를 편안하게 해 준 적이 없 어요”
Movie:
<The Dead Poet‟s Society>
• “Because they are now fertilizing
daffodils
”• 1. ?“이들은 이미 죽은 지 오래기 때문이다”
• 2. ? “이들은 죽어서 한 줌의 흙이 되었기 때문 이다.
• 3. ? “[ ] 이들은 수선화의 거름이 되었기 때 문이다
Movie “Million Dollar Hotel”
• TomTom:
She was something to live for. I guess that means something to die for.
• 1] 그녀는 삶의 희망이었다.
• 2] 죽음이 아깝지 않은 여자
• 3] 목숨도 걸 만한 여자
Movie: “Man, Woman and Child” 7일 간의 사랑
• Bernie: You are real close to
being a free agent, Bob.
• 1# 자네는 자유로운 사람이 되기 일보 직 전에 있네.
• 2# 자넨 홀아비 되기 직전이야
Movie “Man, Woman and Child”
• Jean(son): I‟ll bet you ten francs I can make you laugh before you count to ten.
• Bob (father): I‟ll bet you a dollar you can‟t.
• 1# 당신이 열 세기 전에 당신을 웃기겠어요.
• 할 수 없다는 데 1달러 거마
• 2# 열 세기 전에 아저씰 웃길 거예요.
• 날 웃기면 1달러 주지
In comic situation drama..a wife said to her husband after arguing
• I am sick of your male
chauvinism.
• ??“나는 당신의 남성우월주의 에 질렸어요”
END
In comic situation drama..a wife said to her husband after arguing
• I am sick of your male
chauvinism.
• “당신 잘 난 척하는데 정말 질렸어”
• “아유 저놈의 수탉 근성”
END
