Housing, Land & Construction Economy Research Division
K- REMAP의 정책적 이용 증진 방안
Lee Soowook, Kim Jaehwan, Choi Jeongim, Hwang Kwanseok, Jeon Sungje, Yoo Hyunji, Lee Hyunji, Park Chunkyu, Ji Daesik & Kim Seungjong
65KRIHS 03 Housing, Land & Construction Economy Research DivisionⅡ2010 Research Projects
03
64KRIHS
As of 2009, about 2.43 million people in Korea are registered as disabled, and the number is steadily growing at an annual average rate of 10.9 percent since 2000. Families with disabled members earned less income than the average of all households in Korea. A high proportion of families with disabled members also feel insecure about living in a house. Because the disabled family member’s ability to work is limited primarily due to physical or mental impairment, these families need more living expenses, including extra expenses for specific care.
This study seeks to improve the housing policy for disabled households in Korea. To achieve this aim, the study analyzed the residential conditions of disabled households and their housing needs, using a 「2009 housing survey: disabled household」. It also defines the problems in the current housing welfare system related to disabled households. It draws policy implications from case studies in the UK, US, and Japan.
Finally, this paper suggests principal directions for improvements.
Disabled households now live in poor conditions compared to the average of all households. However, the current care system for disabled households in Korea is not sophisticated enough to meet their needs. In the developed
nations, unlike Korea, ongoing issues for the handicapped are treated with great care. There is already a delivery system to support the disabled and provide various practical programs for them.
It has been difficult to really understand the residential situations of the disabled household in Korea due to a lack of resources. This paper used 2009 housing survey data, however, and considered the residential environment of disabled households from many angles, including income, regions, structure of household, and so on. It attempts to estimate their housing needs as specifically as possible. This paper is the first comprehensive study on housing issues for disabled household in Korea. The various analyses can help establish a new housing policy and contribute to making more appropriate judgment on managing the disabled household.
Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2010-45, 235pp
>> A Study on Housing Policy for Disabled Households 장애인 주거실태와 주거정책 연구
Kang Mina, Kim Jinbeom, Lee Hyunji, Kim Taehwan, Kim Hyunjin, Joo Hyuntae & Seo Jonggyun
This study proposes a detailed plan for establishing the housing safety net for residents of long-term public rental housing. This housing safety net is defined as a system that protects and/or supports people in low income classes who experience hardship in life due to excessive living expenses compared to income, or for other reasons, such as poverty or not being able to survive on their own. The housing safety net does not mean a suitable living expense/load, but also includes other factors, such as childcare, education, employment, community activities, crime prevention, health, and welfare.
Based on the concept of having a housing safety net, the current status and problems of residents in long-term public rental housing in Korea are analyzed in this study. We researched data on housing status as well as public rental apartment blocks. We conducted a survey targeting residents of public rental housing to analyze actual living conditions. In addition, we analyzed the level of the housing safety net in accordance with types of public rental housing to develop strategic suggestions to improve the standard level of the housing safety net. Further, this study reviewed and suggests a movement plan to adjust to residents’ living in long-term public rental housing, so as to improve housing
satisfaction and housing suitability for these residents.
The basic policies to improve the system for residents of public rental housing are the following:
First, the focus should be on the management of residents, rather than the supply of rental apartments to enhance the housing safety net.
Second, the management of rental housing should be considered for a living zone and not for individual public rental blocks.
Third, a customized policy based on characteristics of each household is required. In particular, changes in the life cycle of households, or other features, such as a disability should be considered.
We suggest that a waiting list for public rental housing be introduced to adjust housing movement due to a life cycle change, disability occurrence, and changes in the ability to pay living expenses, changes in demand, etc. Fourth, a partnership must be established between the public and private sectors.
Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2010-44, 191pp
>> A Study on the Policy Directions for Establishing the Housing Safety Net
주거안전망 구축방안 연구: 장기공공임대 입주자 삶의 질 향상을 위한 정책방향
Chun Hyeonsook, Bae Soonsuk, Kang Mina, Sohn Hakgi & Lee Hyunji67KRIHS 03 Housing, Land & Construction Economy Research Division
This study gathered and arranged theories and issues about the construction business cycle and its prospects. Most early studies separately created the composite index of the construction business cycle and a forecasting model for the construction sector. We specialized in this study by using a more comprehensive approach which consisted of business cycle composite index, a structural equation model, and a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. Our main results follow.
We constructed a leading index of the construction business cycle by compositing land transaction, KOSPI of the construction industry, construction permits, and contracts. Then we made a coincident index of the construction business cycle by compositing payment for construction, starts of construction, shipment of mid-material for construction, and employment within the construction industry.
The construction sector was endogenously solved when a structural equation model was created. We could examine the effect of the shock from the construction sector to the macro economy and also the shock from macro economy and overseas businesses to the construction sector. Construction sectors were separated into sub-construction sectors. This
structural model can be used for concrete purposes by various construction market experts.
The dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model approach is the most up-to-date methodology. The DSGE model shows the virtual world for the theoretical world. Construction investment shocks are implemented through government expenditure. We can infer the effect of construction investment from the effect gained from the government expenditure.
Government expenditures explain the 24% of output variance, which is similar to labor productivity shock. Labor variability could be explained by government expenditures.
Therefore, the increase in government expenditure led to avoid lessening output decrease by 1/4 of the total output and decline in employment by 1/5 of its projected decline.
Composite indices and a structural equation model and the DSGE model have robustness, so these models can be used to implement an effective policy scheme based on these economic theories.
Research Period: 2010. 4. 1~2010. 6. 30
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2010-60, 100pp
>> A System for the Diagnosis the Construction Business Cycle and the Prospects 건설경기 진단 및 전망체계의 구축
Kim Minchul, Kim Sungil & Ahn Hongki
Ⅱ2010 Research Projects
03
66KRIHS
The Korean Government has been providing housing programs differentiated by income level to promote residential stability since 1980.
Despite many housing related polices and programs, however, the percentage of non-homeowners in Korea is still 39% today. The high level of housing related costs compared to income is putting additional pressure on the low-income household. Now many of the group have difficulty paying rent or buying their own houses.
This residential instability of the low-income group may have arisen from a lack of a systematic approach to solve housing problems.
This study reviews existing housing programs and policies and analyzes what the problems and limits are, especially, in terms of residential stability and housing welfare. Also, the research suggests more practical policies to promote home ownership and the greater residential stability of the low-income household.
To get the most meaningful and effective results, this study used various research methods including studies on documents, collaboration with other research institutes, analysis of survey and panel data on housing, focused group interviews, and an empirical analysis. Also, it examined developed countries’ polices and programs related to residential stability and home
ownership for the low-income class and implications for the Korean situation.
One of the key suggestions of this paper is integrating nationally-sponsored welfare programs and creating a linkage between them to prevent double benefits. It also suggests enhancing the accessibility of housing finance and delivering a comprehensive housing supply system, both key factors for home ownership and a precise housing filtering process.
The policies newly suggested in this paper can contribute to having more sophisticated and user-specific housing policies and encouraging development of useful political tools to promote home ownership for low-income households.
Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: Vol.1(KRIHS Research Report 2010-46, 212pp) Vol.2(KRIHS Research Report 2010-46-1, 174pp)
>> A Study on Residential Stability and Owner Housing Policy for Low-Income Households 저소득층 주거안정과 내 집 마련을 위한 정책방안 연구
Lee Soowook, Kwon Suyeon, Kim Taehwan, Lee Hyunji & Choi Soo et.al.
69KRIHS 03 Housing, Land & Construction Economy Research DivisionⅡ2010 Research Projects
03
68KRIHS
French territorial development policies can be examined from three aspects: Institutional, operational, and individual.
From the institutional viewpoint, it is primarily a municipality’s responsibility to have a local land use plan such as SCOT, PLU, and carte communale. The State intervenes when municipalities do not have this ability or when regulations need to be imposed to promote the general public interest.
For the operational aspect, there are coercive measures that limit property rights to secure land for public needs. Expropriation, preemption right, and land banking for reserves of land are examples. In addition, special tools, such as ZAC, secteur sauvegardé, and actions to restore degraded areas, are utilized to supplement the general planning system.
Finally, for the individual aspect, an authorization system is the main tool. The most common examples are construction permits, rehabilitation permits, and demolition permits.
These are based on the premise that private property rights are more or less limited.
Historically the individual authorization system was introduced to prevent disordered development. It constitutes an important axe of French territorial development policy.
It is important to be equipped with an efficient task processing capability, financial measures, and effective control mechanism for both legality and responsibility. Especially, various types of taxes are used to coordinate different policies.
They can be categorized into three types based on the phase of a project: The development phase, the transaction phase, and the acquisition and possession phase.
The French system has certain important implications. Above all, municipal government leads in the decision-making process for local land use planning. When a municipal government cannot take up responsibility for a whole concerned area, cooperation between municipalities is encouraged. Regulation on space is combined with the objectives of desired social policies. This approach is a multi-dimensional in terms of a territorial development system, reflecting the notions of sustainable development, social mix, etc., now discussed more often worldwide. And for this reasons, a consensus-building through discussion should come first.
Research Period: 2010. 9. 1~2010. 11. 30
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2010-1, 111pp
>> Urban Planning and Land Use Systems in France 프랑스의 도시계획 및 토지이용제도 연구
Kim Youngtae, Jung Heenam & Kim Seonji
This study proposes to introduce the Transfer of Floor-Area-Ratio(TFAR) system. TFAR is a Korean version of TDR(Transfer of Development Right) which aims to recapture development gains from development loss.
This study estimated the monetary value of FAR. The monetary value of FAR is used to calculate the transaction price of TFAR. The selling price of FAR should be calculated based on the monetary value of FAR in the conservation area(the area being sold). The purchase price of FAR should be calculated based on the monetary value of the development area.
In addition, several development charges and fees were analyzed to check for any overlapping problem with TFAR. As a result, resolution methods are proposed along with various incentive systems that can promote FAR as an incentive to achieve specific policy goals.
However these incentives were found to contradict TFAR by reducing the motivation to purchase FAR. Therefore, these development charges and incentive systems need to be re-examined in a more transparent manner.
The Purchase of FAR(PFAR) system was also proposed as a compensation tool for development loss. PFAR is the system the government uses to purchase FAR and conserve a historical site and
an environmentally sensitive area. PFAR can be a useful tool to use to compensate for the losses experienced by land owners from regulations, while still reducing government spending.
Policy directives for improving the zoning system were proposed. Much of the problems of zoning can be resolved with TFAR and PFAR.
The fringe areas of the preservation zone should be protected from unplanned development and urban sprawl by designating buffer zones and strengthening regulations. However this strengthening of regulations should be gradually enforced while also considering the impact on land markets. It is also necessary to use Time Zoning with TFAR and PFAR to minimize the impact on the land market.
Although this study institutionalizes the Transfer System of FAR and the Purchase System of FAR for the first time, it still has several limitations. This study limited the use of the Transfer System of FAR to application within city precincts. Therefore, it is difficult to use the system in cities with little developmental demand.
Further research is needed i to expand the range of subject areas to the full national level.
Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2010-43, 194pp