04
■Analysis for Legal System of Transportation Planning 72
■The Appraisal of Smart-infrastructure Investments
: Focusing on Smart-Transport Infrastructure 73
■Development of the Integrated Transportation Planning Model
: KRIHS-TAL based on the GIS Platform 74
■Development of Integrated Transport System for the Enhancement of National Logistics
Competitiveness 75
■Diagnosis and Utilization of Spatial Structure to Promote the Competitiveness of
Mega-Economic Regions 76
■The Enhancement of Linkage between Housing and Transportation Policy: Focusing on Residential Location and Household Trip patterns in the Seoul Metropolitan Area 77
■Establishing the Simulation Model for National Territorial Policy(I) 78
■A Study on Rapid Transit- Oriented Spatial Structure of City Regions 79
■Study on the Realization Strategies for New Digital Convergence Space(II) 80
■Study on the Status and Improvement of the Policy for Spatial Data Utilization of Planned
Territorial Management 81
■A Study on the Value Chain and Dynamic Effects of Geospatial Information Convergence 82
73KRIHS 04 National Infrastructure & GIS Research Division
This study established a concept for the services provided through smart transportation infrastructure. By setting standards that rational to an evaluation of smart services, the research renews an investment estimating system for the existing transportation infrastructure to reflect the present age and its new focus.
Most smart transportation services have as their purpose the improving of mobility and accessibility. Additionally, they seek to improve their management, comfort, information delivery, and safety. Relative to improving information and safety, this study developed a methodology for measuring the benefits of improvement when reducing traffic congestion by decreasing the number of traffic accidents.
First, this study used the Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) to valuate information. WTP (Willing To Pay) for the bidirectional transport information service of smart roads was estimated at 0.8 cent/km through a survey and model analysis, three times the price of unidirectional transport information estimated by Sungho Oh(2009). The WTP of business- related usage for bidirectional transport information service of smart roads was estimated at 0.91 cent/km. The WTP of non-business related usage, such as tour, leisure, and social activity for bidirectional
transport information service of smart roads was estimated at 0.76 cent/km.
Second, this study estimated an average rate of vehicle delays to value the benefits of reducing traffic congestion by decreasing the number of traffic accidents. It offered various scenarios for a simulation to get the rate of delays and then applied a regression analysis. The simulation was based on traffic incidents D/B on highways over the past three years and analyzed each type of incident for the time it blocked roads. The following formulas are the result of model analysis on the average delay rate for vehicles in accidents.
Y = 152.6e0.00159x, x = -3,077 + 2,346x1 + 2,474x2 + 22.1x3 where, Y = average delay for each vehicle on incident(sec/veh) x1= capacity decreasing rate(0.0 1.0),
x2= V/C(0.0 1.0), x3= incident duration time(min)
This study estimated the effects of facilities within the current investment analysis that aims to value human life and advance time-intensive political decision-making. There needs to be more investment in researching investment evaluation based on this result.
Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2010-31, 114pp
>> The Appraisal of Smart-Infrastructure Investments : Focusing on Smart-Transport Infrastructure
스마트 인프라 투자 평가 방법론: 스마트 교통인프라를 중심으로
Oh Sungho, Kim Hojung & Kim JoonkiⅡ2010 Research Projects
04
72KRIHS
Transportation law was enacted as a specific issue, and social necessity developed. For this reason, TLS(Transportation Legal Systems) offers a basic structural contradiction. For example, upper planning has followed the content of lower planning without including any filtering process.
Because transportation planning is also statutory planning, its legal position should be analyzed.
Between the individual and the government, transportation law holds a superior position.
New transportation law was enacted to meet changes in social circumstances. In the 1960s when economic development was important, the infra construction law, for roads and railroads, was enacted. In the 2000s, when green growth and efficiency of the transportation system was important, the mobility enhancement act and transportation system efficiency act were then enacted. The statutory hierarchy of transportation planning was divided into four types: A master plan, an implementation plan, an annual implementation plan and a project plan. The number of master transportation plans is 36 based on 21 transportation laws. Transportation law has an individual system divided by type of transportation mode(ex: road, rail, air, etc.). Each law is managed by a different post and has an inconsistency problem in terms of implementation.
This study suggested an improvement scheme for TLS(Transportation Legal Systems) and makes three points regarding rationality, adjustment, and reality. To enhance rationality, the basic transportation plan and its definition have to be described clearly in the law. The transportation plan has to be divided to the extent of space and the contents of the plan to improve the adjustment between plans. Because there are 75 different transportation plans, the guidelines for the planning establishment should enhance the reality of the law.
Policy recommendations were summarized as follows. First, the planning of a national artery network should be reorganized to involve various contents, such as traffic demand management, integration of each mode, and logistics. Second, overlapping and similar planning laws should be unified to reduce the conflict between plans and increase overall planning efficiency.
Research Period: 2010. 4. 1~2010. 6. 30
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2010-13, 137pp
>> Analysis for Legal System of Transportation Planning 교통관련 법정계획의 체계분석에 관한 연구
Lee Youngihn, Kim Jonghak, Chang Hyunho & Park Chanwoon
75KRIHS 04 National Infrastructure & GIS Research DivisionⅡ2010 Research Projects
04
74KRIHS
The worldwide climate and energy crisis demands that national transportation and freight environments fit into an integrated transport operation system through the construction of an inter-modalism framework. This study proposes policy programs for establishing an efficient domestic connection system by integrating freight transport modes to meet the low carbon green freight paradigm properly.
The definition of integrated transport, the current status and problems in the domestic integrated transport system, and the domestic and foreign activation policies for integrated transport are extensively reviewed. In addition, critical factors that affect integrated transport are classified into a road and rail modal shift factor, a freight hub connection factor, and a road and rail operation management factor. The importance of each factor is explained via an expert survey.
Using two networks- based integrated transport models developed during the research, surveyed and environmental factors are utilized to offer alternative evaluations for measuring the degree of low carbon through a scenario set-up and an analysis of an integrated transport system.
On the basis of the research content and results, the policy programs for the integrated transport system to enhance national freight
competitiveness are prepared. The basic direction for constructing an efficient integrated transport system should focus on the modal shift toward rail mode, taking into account rationale, efficiency, and cost effectiveness(including environmental cost). The system especially needs to diverge in a direction where total cost(freight cost, operation cost, and environment cost) is improved.
The establishing programs should do the following:
First, in terms of freight cost, the activation strategies should fit the strong and weak points of each transport mode and the feature of items on a freight list should be efficiently provided.
Second, regarding operation cost, the operation strategy for freight transport time and the support strategies for freight infrastructures need development.
Third, in terms of environment cost, activation strategies that encourage low carbon emitted transport mode usage and regulation strategies for reducing carbon should be simultaneously enforced.
Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2010-42, 156pp
>> Development of Integrated Transport System for the Enhancement of National Logistics Competitiveness
국가물류경쟁력 강화를 위한 복합교통수단 연계운송체계 구축방안 연구
Lee Meeyoung, Lim Youngtae & Ryu JaeyoungTo prepare for the advent of the green growth global economic development paradigm, it is vital to develop an integrated transportation planning model able to analyze transport mode sustainability and its environmental impact. In this context, KRIHS-TAL(Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements-Transportation Analysis Laboratory), a prototype for the GIS platform for integrated transportation planning, was developed. The model has five features:
Transparency, Integrity, Experimentality, Multi-disciplineness, and Trustability, all oriented toward overcoming the limitations of the existing black-box style and the deterministic and stand-alone planning tools.
As a first phase of the model development road map, this study presents a basic architecture with 11 analyzing modules within 3 functional areas, namely, Monitoring, Analyzing and Simulating.
Using advanced GIS technology, such as layered analysis, a spatial auto-correlation index like Moran’s I, a spatial segregation index, and the kriging technique, this model carries out socio-economic, transportation and environment related data monitoring and a comparative analysis. Spatial and temporal analyses are also presented for the whole spectrum of these various scenarios, including 4 types of green growth
transportation policies and land-use transportation integration in the Daegu metropolitan area.
The model will have the potential to perform a feasibility study, applying the green growth criteria and traffic demand validation for the next phase. Academically, the study also developed a multi-mode variable demand traffic assignment model for an interregional travel demand analysis. It suggests two solution methods based on excess flows and a partial linearization algorithm. The proposed algorithm is then applied to the interregional network data provided by the Korean Transport Database and compared to the performance delivered using the sequential heuristic procedure where both mode choice and traffic assignment are determined separately.
It is highly expected that the development of KRIHS-TAL I, II, and III will play a crucial role in planning and implementing Korea’s green transportation system in the near future.
Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2010-17, 120pp
>> Development of the Integrated Transportation Planning Model : KRIHS-TAL Based on the GIS Platform
GIS 기반 국가기간교통망 통합계획기법 적용 연구
Lee Sangkeon, Kim Daejong & Ko Yongseok77KRIHS 04 National Infrastructure & GIS Research Division
The approach for developing housing residence and transportation facilities has been criticized, as the increase in the number of new towns located at the outskirts of the metropolitan area during the last 20 years using such a development approach made travel distance and the cost of commuting increase inevitably due to the imbalance between job location and housing location. This study, based on the social issues found regarding that imbalance between housing and transportation development, provided new alternatives to overcome the problems that have resulted from that imbalance.
The review of outcomes from both past policies has three implications: The imbalance of housing and transportation development, a lack of transportation facilities to cope with the development of housing and rapid urban sprawl, and a market-oriented housing provision.
The evaluation was based on an analysis and investigation of the Household Travel Survey Data of SMA for 2002-2006, offers interesting implications. From a cross-sectional data analysis, this study found policy decision-making for residential development should consider the core activity area and the travel characteristics of resident commuters to provide user-oriented housing to minimize travel distance and costs
that are undesirable socially. Also, the low-income class prefers a residential location with easy access to subway station rather than to a bus station.
From an analysis of the sample survey data carried out two times in four residential location areas that are different from the center of Seoul City, there was a difference between residential location and travel conditions. High-income residents had good accessibility to public transportation and automobiles, more so than low income class residents, and the gap in transportation mobility for different income classes was significant. Also based on the duration analysis of the sample data, the maximum tolerable travel time was 60 minutes for low-income class residents of housing (owners) and 45 minutes for residents of housing (renters).
Based on the results from this analysis, an alternative policy should be considered to enhance urban planning content and procedures, as a short-term improvement, to strengthen the linkage between housing and transportation.
Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2010-18, 239pp
>> The Enhancement of Linkage between Housing and Transportation Policy: Focusing on Residential Location and Household Trip Patterns in the Seoul Metropolitan Area 주택정책과 교통정책의 연계성 강화 방안: 수도권 가구통행 및 주거입지 분석을 중심으로 Chung Ilho, Kang Mina, Lee Backjin, Kim Hyeran & Seo Minho
Ⅱ2010 Research Projects
04
76KRIHS
This study examined the spatial structure of the Mega-Economic Region in terms of urban system, land use, transportation network, and the spatial pattern of industry and investigated how to configure relevant policies for enhancing regional competitive advantages by utilizing regional resources. The spatial scope of this study addresses four Mega-Economic Regions: The Chungcheong, Honam, Daegyeong, and Dongnam Mega-Economic Regions.
The spatial structure was measured through a GIS framework incorporating geographic data associated with socioeconomic attributes. The potential of urban primacy and conurbation through having an urban system within each Mega-Economic Region was analysed. To examine the process for shaping commuting and living zones, a social network analysis was performed. To denote the compactness level and the diffusion pattern for land uses, the mean for four standardized indices was calculated. The indices measured were Gini’s Concentration Ratio, Theil’s Index, Entropy Index, and Moran’s I statistic, a mean of deviation distance, respectively.
The research determined that land use change has led to a change in ecological environment based on the fact that LPI, PD, and MSI show the
increasing tendency over time. It was estimated that the industrial specialization affects overall productivity founded on the premise that the spatial concentration of industries of the same kind may contribute to productivity improvement. For this purpose, geographically weighted regression(GWR) was the key analysis methodology. The results revealed that the overall infrastructure of the transportation network is well founded, whereas unconnected nodes and congested routes need more attention for better sustainable maintenance.
Discussions on how to utilize spatial resources in the Mega-Economic Region efficiently were summarized based on the strategy of enhancing the regional urban system, enhancing the spatial structure of regional industries, and achieving positive and efficient land uses. This research has limitations due to its spatial scope and timeframe, including its comprehensive analysis of spatial structure and development of specific policy measures. What was not discussed in detail in this study was proposed as further research topics.
Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2010-25, 187pp
>> Diagnosis and Utilization of Spatial Structure to Promote the Competitiveness of Mega-Economic Regions
광역경제권 경쟁력 강화를 위한 공간구조 진단 및 공간 활용도 제고 방안: 지방광역경제권을 중심으로
Im Eunsun, Lee Wonsup, Lee Meeyoung & Lee Gyeongju79KRIHS 04 National Infrastructure & GIS Research DivisionⅡ2010 Research Projects
04
78KRIHS
This study seeks to establish a simulation model for a national territorial policy and respond to the demand to evaluate the impact of national territorial policies and support urban planning and land use planning. The national territorial policies that affect economic, social, spatial, and environmental changes should be planned carefully and precisely enforced. Policy simulation is a feasibility study and acts as a preliminary examination process to make the right policy decisions.
The study was trying to develop KRIHS-SIM, the name of the simulation model, not a great and complicated model, but clearly applicable to specific policies that are sustainable and available for further development. This study plans to continue the research for three more years from 2010 to 2012. The objective this year, as a first step, is to design a conceptual idea for the entire simulation model and establish the model as both basic and useful for the general purpose of the policy-planning. The principal processes for establishing the simulation model in this first study are as follows:
First, establish the integrated simulation model, considering the various effects on national territory. Second, determine the preferential development of basic and more useful models
compared to more complicated ones. Third, develop the “Open Platform Based System” that can be available to access and share.
The KRIHS Simulation model(KRIHS-SIM) has two parts, one endogenous and responsible for the micro-dynamic simulation in urban areas, and another that is the exogenous part, composed of models’ analyzing the national economic effect and interregional migration. Even though the linkage of the macro-level outcomes in terms of national and interregional level and micro-level outcomes in terms of in urban areas is very difficult, it is desirable that the national territorial policies on both levels be linked and incorporated into a single system. The research effort will try to couple the macro and micro models in the next two years.
In the first year, we have already developed the inter-regional, input-output model for the production side, the inter-regional migration model, and the industrial location model, and more. These models will be improved consistently during the next year, and the transportation model, environment model, real estate model, and land use change model will be added to the KRIHS-SIM model.
Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2010-22, 296pp
>> Establishing the Simulation Model for National Territorial Policy(I) 국토정책 시뮬레이션 모형의 구축 연구(I)
Ahn Hongki, Yoo Jaeyoon, Im Eunsun, Kim Daejong & Lee Kyeongju et.al.
To strengthen the competitiveness of city regions and importance of improving connectivity between cities was emphasized. Transportation infrastructures are critical elements for improving connectivity between places. Especially, metropolitan public transportation, such as metropolitan rail transit and express buses, are critical elements for personal exchanges in daily life. The study evaluates the effects of construction of metropolitan rapid transit and suggested a model of spatial structure for city regions that can link transportation and land use.
Concepts of city regions and connectivity are introduced, while also checking meaning in dictionaries and urban theories. Theories of urban and regional networks including megacity theory are summarized to confirm the necessity for and difference in this study compared to previous studies. Indicators of connectivity travel and an employment index, such as the commuting proportion to central cities, commuting duration, etc., were used.
A case study analyzed changes in travel patterns, such as travel distribution, distance, and mode choice, after construction of metropolitan rapid transit(metropolitan express rail in this case) in the Busan-Ulsan region. Total commuting volume for the study region
increased. Especially, commuting from the primary city(Busan) to the secondary city(Ulsan) increased more than commuting in the opposite direction. An analysis of this commuting zone showed that accessibility from Busan to Ulsan and to other secondary cities is higher than before the construction. Analysis of mode choice shows that cross elasticity is also higher between auto and rapid-rail use.
Three major differences in this the study were theoretically developing a concept of connectivity, proposing spatial alternatives by linking transportation and land use, and analyzing foreign policies in detail. Future studies might include verification of the relationship between competitiveness and connectivity and consideration of various transportation infrastructures, such as roads and BRT.
Research Period: 2010. 1. 1~2010. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2010-39, 121pp
>> A Study on Rapid Transit-Oriented Spatial Structure of City Regions 고속대중교통체계 중심의 도시권 공간구조 형성 방안
Chung Jinkyu, Cho Namgeon, Yoon Hajoong & Kim Jonghak