고1 유형_빈칸(2018)

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1. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[3서울]¹

*proof:(수학) 증명

① cooperative ② productive ③ fruitless

④ dangerous ⑤ irregular

Since a great deal of daytoday academic work is boring and repetitive, you need to be well motivated to keep doing it. A mathematician sharpens her pencils, works on a proof, tries a few approaches, gets nowhere, and finishes for the day. A writer sits down at his desk, produces a few hundred words, decides they are no good, throws them in the bin, and hopes for better inspiration tomorrow. To produce something worthwhile — if it ever happens — may require years of such ___________ labor. The Nobel Prizewinning biologist Peter Medawar said that about fourfifths of his time in science was wasted, adding sadly that “nearly all scientific research leads nowhere.” What kept all of these people going when things were going badly was their passion for their subject. Without such passion, they would have achieved nothing. [3점]

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2. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[3서울]²

*merchandiser:상품 판매업자 **variable:변수

① the store looks larger than it is

② more products can be stored there

③ people have to walk through the whole store

④ the store provides customers with cultural events

⑤ people don’t need to spend too much time in the store

Within a store, the wall marks the back of the store, but not the end of the marketing.

Merchandisers often use the back wall as a magnet, because it means that

_____________. This is a good thing because distance traveled relates more directly to sales per entering customer than any other measurable consumer variable. Sometimes, the wall’s attraction is simply appealing to the senses, a wall decoration that catches the eye or a sound that catches the ear. Sometimes the attraction is specific goods. In supermarkets, the dairy is often at the back, because people frequently come just for milk. At video rental shops, it’s the new releases. [3점]

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3. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[3서울]³

*gravy:(육즙을 이용해 만든) 소스

① From saying to doing is a long step

② A good beginning makes a good ending

③ One man’s trash is another man’s treasure

④ If you pick up one end of the stick, you pick up the other

⑤ The best means of destroying an enemy is to make him your friend

The good news is, where you end up ten years from now is up to you. You are free to choose what you want to make of your life. It’s called free will and it’s your basic right.

What’s more, you can turn it on instantly! At any moment, you can choose to start showing more respect for yourself or stop hanging out with friends who bring you down.

After all, you choose to be happy or miserable. The reality is that although you are free to choose, you can’t choose the consequences of your choices. It’s a package deal. As the old saying goes, “_________________.” Choice and consequence go together like mashed potatoes and gravy. [3점]

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4. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[3서울]⁴

① more interesting than playing games

② the product of the efforts of hundreds of people

③ the place where students can improve writing skills

④ most effective when combined with online learning

⑤ the race where everyone is a winner

Just think for a moment of all the people upon whom your participation in your class depends. Clearly, the class requires a teacher to teach it and students to take it.

However, it also depends on many other people and organizations. Someone had to decide when the class would be held and in what room, communicate that information to you, and enroll you in that class. Someone also had to write a textbook, and with the assistance of many other people — printers, editors, salespeople, and bookstore

employees — it has arrived in your hands. Thus, a class that seems to involve just you, your fellow students, and your teacher is in fact __________________. [3점]

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5. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 을 고르시오.[4D]⁵

* five Ws and the H: 육하원칙

① visually ② briefly ③ regularly

④ correctly ⑤ realistically

Broadcast reporters have to write more ___________ than newspaper reporters do. The printout of a half-hour news broadcast would fill only a page or two in the newspaper. A broadcast lead, which is like the newspaper headline, cannot include all five Ws and the H ─ it would be too long and too hard to follow. Instead, a broadcast writer will select the two or three most important points to use in the lead, and put the rest in the sentence that follows. Broadcast stories also tend to leave out some details, such as ages and addresses, which are routinely found in print. Broadcasters write shorter sentences so that they can read them aloud without running out of breath.

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6. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 을 고르시오.[4D]⁶

* disengage: 떼다, 풀다

① are not alone at all

② are the root cause

③ need to change jobs

④ have to help yourself

⑤ are on the fast track

If you find yourself unhappy with your work, understand that you

____________________. Job satisfaction and employee engagement in the United States have been on a sharp and steady decline for an entire generation. According to a survey done by business research association The Conference Board in the summer of 2012, more than half of all U.S. workers were estimated to be unhappy in their jobs ─ an all-time low. On a global scale, research by Gallup in late 2013 showed 87 percent of the world’s workers are either not engaged in their jobs or have become actively

disengaged. This is a global problem. Many people feel about their work the way this man describes his job: “I go to my office, do work I won’t be praised for, get yelled at by the boss for things that aren’t my fault, then return home to repeat the process the next day.”

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7. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 을 고르시오.[4D]⁷

* BMI: 체질량 지수

① the change in attitude

② enough rest and sleep

③ a free medical checkup

④ regular exercises and proper diets

⑤ the balance between work and play

A recent experiment, called the “chambermaid study,” involved women who did heavy physical work all day. When asked whether they exercised, the chambermaids said they did not. A researcher then suggested to half the group that they view their work as good exercise, like going to the gym. They were told that making beds, for example, was like working out on the machines at the gym. They did nothing different than just believing that their work was indeed exercise. The other half of the chambermaids (the control group) were not given this information. As a result of _______________, the

experimental group, but not the control group, lost weight and showed a decrease in waist to hip ratio, a decrease in BMI (body mass index), and a drop in blood pressure.

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8. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 을 고르시오.[4D]⁸

① the strict rules related to the use of resources

② how people work together to get food

③ the main historical events of the areas

④ the climate patterns over a period of time

⑤ the natural resources found in the environment

A culture’s customs are often determined by _____________________________. In the Desert Southwest area, cloth weaving developed as a custom. The area has fewer large animals whose skins can be used for making clothing or blankets. Cloth weaving was a way of meeting the need for clothing without using animal skins. In the Eastern

Woodlands area, however, hunting and fishing were daily activities. Since it was easy to get animal skins, developing skills like weaving was less important. The traditional roles of men and women in the native tribes varied as well. In hunting cultures, men were often away from home during the day to hunt animals for food. Women did many chores around the village while they were gone. In cultures where crops were grown, it was usually the men who tended them.

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9. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[5V]⁹

① spread ② help

③ resume ④ decrease

⑤ disappear

Merely observing someone publicly blame an individual in an organization for a problem greatly increases the chances that the practice of blaming others will ____________.

One professor conducted an interesting experiment. In the experiment, half of the participants were asked to read a newspaper article about Governor Schwarzenegger blaming some interest groups for a controversial election issue in 2005. The other half read an article in which the governor took full responsibility for the issue. Those who read about the governor blaming the interest groups were more likely to blame others, compared with those who read about Schwarzenegger taking the responsibility. [3점]

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10. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[5V]¹⁰

① have time to think alone

② deal with difficult problems

③ explain your reasoning to others

④ find out the answer for yourself

⑤ set a specific and detailed goal

Even the most decisive person can be thrown into despair when faced with a complex matter. It’s unlikely that a single approach will serve you every time. There is a key factor you should consider to reach a proper conclusion: involve others. Big decisions shouldn’t happen in a vacuum. You have to have a team. You can’t rely only on yourself. By

consulting others, you expose yourself to differing opinions, which will help you to make a wiser choice. Your own judgement may be right, but it’s probably not based on rational thought. It’s important to question your judgement and ________________ to see if it makes sense or not. [3점]

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11. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[5V]¹¹

① not planning to give birth any longer

② ready to accept comments on parenting

③ wondering what name it should be given

④ not disclosing the sex of their third child

⑤ happy to have a child on New Year’s Day

The first thing anyone asks when hearing the news of a birth is invariably, “Is it a boy or a girl?” One couple had something different in mind. Toronto couple, Kathy Witterick and David Stocker, announced the birth of their third child, on January 1, 2011, but told friends and family that they were ________________________. Their announcement was met with stony silence. They explained that they did not want their child to be

labelled, but rather they wanted it to be free to develop its own identity. The problem was that no one knew how to treat the New Year’s Day baby. Four months later, news of the

“genderless” baby broke, creating a media storm containing a flood of criticism and ridicule of the parents. But Kathy and David have a point. Our identity, based on whether we are a boy or a girl, is greatly influenced by those around us. [3점]

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12. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[5V]¹²

* enclosure: 가두기 ** attain: 이루다

① take you an enormous amount of time to practice

② be an effective way to keep your personal history

③ just bury your worries temporarily without helping you

④ keep you from opening your heart, and leave you lonely

⑤ relieve a great deal of distress, and help you to move on

When we talk about managing or checking our emotions, we often use words related to physical enclosure ― for example, ‘burying our grief,’ or ‘putting a lid on our rage.’ It turns out that the physical act of sealing, enclosing, or locking up helps us attain psychological closure over our problems and heartaches. Putting our worries into a package that we seal gives us a sense of relief and a sense that our emotions are under our control. This technique may seem simple at best and silly at worst, but I would encourage you to give it a try. Sealing an object related to your troubles ― whether a diary entry, letter, or photograph ― in a container may _______________________. [3 점]

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13. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [5J]¹³

*olfactory: 후각의

① simple ② accurate ③ various

④ limited ⑤ invisible

In a study, a dog was put in a situation where it was accustomed to being allowed to feed from one of three bowls. The dog observed person A enter the room and place food in one of the covered bowls, but could not see which bowl had food put in it. The dog could also see that person B was present in the room (who could see into which bowl the food had been put). A third person C was not present in the room. Later, the dog was again allowed to see the three covered bowls but with no olfactory cues to distinguish them.

One of the bowls was pointed to by person B and another by person C. When the dog was able to go to one of the bowls, it went to the bowl indicated by person B. This study shows that information provided by a person perceived by the dog to have __________

information was used in preference to that from another person.

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14. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [5J]¹⁴

*primatologist: 영장류 동물학자

① the lack of food

② the water supply

③ the population size

④ the need for security

⑤ the nest-building process

We descend from a long line of group-living primates with a high degree of

interdependence. How ________________ shapes social life became clear when primatologists counted long-tailed macaques on different islands in Indonesia. Some islands have cats (such as tigers and clouded leopards), whereas others don’t. The same monkeys were found traveling in large groups on islands with cats, but in small groups on islands without. The presence of natural enemies thus forces individuals together. Generally, the weaker a species is, the larger its groups. Ground-living

monkeys, like baboons, travel in larger groups than those who live in trees, which enjoy better escape opportunities. And chimpanzees, which because of their size have little to fear in the daytime, typically hunt for food alone or in small groups. [3점]

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15. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [5J]¹⁵

① explain what leadership is

② help us realize our dreams

③ take us to unknown places

④ remind us of our advantages

Last August, my husband took a wilderness survival class. As the group gathered and began getting to know one another, the guide led them up a mountain trail into a heavily wooded area. At the top, he said, “Okay, now, where are you? And where did you come from?” Few could answer. One of the group members said it was hard to tell where they were because nobody had been paying attention. The group had been so busy talking that they forgot to look around, to take it all in. They forgot to notice. They were already lost in the woods. Similarly, some of us find ourselves in that kind of confusing situation in small ways every day. Unexpected challenges come up, new people come in, school is cancelled because of snow, and the changes upset us because we’ve had our heads down for so long, working or parenting, that we’ve missed the signs along the way that can __________. [3점]

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16. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [5J]¹⁶

① seeking your creativity

② focusing on the positive

③ returning to taking risks

④ seeing both sides of things

⑤ depending on your strength

Trying new things and taking risks are part of being a teenager. But because you might not always think decisions through properly, risk-taking can be hit-and-miss. Teenagers often convince themselves that nothing bad will happen to them; they won’t get sick, or get into trouble, or find themselves in dangerous or difficult situations. No one expects you to think like an adult now, but this is where conflict with your parents will happen;

they are thinking like adults. They’ll focus more on all the bad things that could happen if you do something, while you’ll be focusing on the good and exciting things. As you get older, you’ll be better able to assess risk, to fully understand actions’ consequences.

You’ll start _____________. [3점]

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17. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[6부산]¹⁷

*preparatory: 준비의

① risk ② effort ③ memory

④ fortune ⑤ experience

One outcome of motivation is behavior that takes considerable ____________. For example, if you are motivated to buy a good car, you will research vehicles online, look at ads, visit dealerships, and so on. Likewise, if you are motivated to lose weight, you will buy lowfat foods, eat smaller portions, and exercise. Motivation not only drives the final behaviors that bring a goal closer but also creates willingness to expend time and energy on preparatory behaviors. Thus, someone motivated to buy a new smartphone may earn extra money for it, drive through a storm to reach the store, and then wait in line to buy it.

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18. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [5J]¹⁸

*assign: (일ㆍ책임 등을) 맡기다

① the end result

② the welfare policy

③ the uniform procedure

④ the informal atmosphere

⑤ the employee’s personality

Good managers have learned to overcome the initial feelings of anxiety when assigning tasks. They are aware that no two people act in exactly the same way and so do not feel threatened if they see one employee going about a task differently than another. Instead, they focus on ____________________. If a job was successfully done, as long as

people are working in a manner acceptable to the organization (for example, as long as salespeople are keeping to the company’s ethical selling policy), then that’s fine. If an acceptable final outcome wasn’t achieved, then such managers respond by discussing it with the employee and analyzing the situation, to find out what training or additional skills that person will need to do the task successfully in the future. [3점]

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19. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [5J]¹⁹

*transposition: 치환

① interpreting different gestures

② establishing social frameworks

③ identifying the information of colors

④ separating the self from the environment

There is good evidence that in organic development, perception starts with __________.

For example, when twoyearold children and chimpanzees had learned that, of two boxes presented to them, the one with a triangle of a particular size and shape always

contained attractive food, they had no difficulty applying their training to triangles of very different appearance. The triangles were made smaller or larger or turned upside down.

A black triangle on a white background was replaced by a white triangle on a black background, or an outlined triangle by a solid one. These changes seemed not to interfere with recognition. Similar results were obtained with rats. Karl Lashley, a psychologist, has asserted that simple transpositions of this type are universal in all animals including humans. [3점]

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20. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [5J]²⁰

① needs competition among experts

② does not have to be timeconsuming

③ requires the development of equipment

④ does not come from previous experience

⑤ often takes place as a result of good luck

There is a very old story involving a man trying to fix his broken boiler. Despite his best efforts over many months, he can’t do it. Eventually, he gives up and decides to call in an expert. The engineer arrives, gives one gentle tap on the side of the boiler, and it springs to life. The engineer gives a bill to the man, and the man argues that he should pay only a small fee as the job took the engineer only a few moments. The engineer explains that the man is not paying for the time he took to tap the boiler but rather the years of

experience involved in knowing exactly where to tap. Just like the expert engineer tapping the boiler, effective change __________________. In fact, it is often simply a question of knowing exactly where to tap. [3점]