• 검색 결과가 없습니다.

Òí ß –@ /† < Ɠ § Ó ü t o † < Æõ ,  Òí ß – 609-735

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Òí ß –@ /† < Ɠ § Ó ü t o † < Æõ ,  Òí ß – 609-735"

Copied!
5
0
0

로드 중.... (전체 텍스트 보기)

전체 글

(1)

Co T Æ X Ø8 ý Y 8 ÈS ë s; c   \ ¥ InGaZn 1−x Co x O 4 Ä Z Ø­  o8 ý ö n ÚV R Ë Ž ì ŏ Œ

% ·

nª <„ ç ¡ · ƒ ‘ 𬠣Z 9  · ƒ ‘ š - > ) o  · ƒ ‘ š) ç # Ò

Â

Òí ß –@ /† < Ɠ § Ó ü t o † < Æõ ,  Òí ß – 609-735

9

 ø ¶ B) ç 

ô

 Dz D G l œ íõ † < Æt " é ¶ƒ  ½ ¨" é ¶  Òí ß –G ' p' ,  Òí ß – 618-230 (2011¸   9 Z 4 7{ 9  ~ à Î6 £ §, 2011¸   10 Z 4 5{ 9  > F  S X ‰& ñ )

“

¦ © œ ì ø Í6 £ xZ O `  ¦ s 6   x # Œ InGaZnO

4

Ó ü t| 9 \  Cos “ : r`  ¦ ' ‘ ô  Ç InGaZn

1−x

Co

x

O

4

(x = 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10) ì  r ´ ú ˜`  ¦ ] j Œ • # Œ ì  r ´ ú ˜_  ½ ¨› ¸& h ,  o† < Æ& h  x 9  l & h  : £ ¤$ í `  ¦ ƒ  ½ ¨ % i  . X-‚    r] X `  ¦ 8 £ ¤& ñ ô  Ç    õ

 Cos “ : r _  ' ‘ \    É r InGaZn

1−x

Co

x

O

4

Ó ü t| 9 s  ½ ¨› ¸& h     o\  ¦ { 9 Ü ¼v t  · ú §  H    H  כ `  ¦ S X ‰ “   

%

i  . ¢ ¸ô  Ç, F g„    ì  rF gZ O `  ¦ : Ÿ x K " f• ¸ Co s “ : r _  ' ‘ \  _ ô  Ç   É r " é ¶ ™ è[ þ t _   o† < Æ& h    ½ + Ë\  -t    



o  H { 9 # Q t  · ú §€ Œ ¤ . t ë ß –, p | ¾ Ó_  Cos “ : r (x = 0.01)`  ¦ ' ‘ ô  Ç r « Ñ\  @ /K " f  © œ“ : r \ " f y © œ $ í

^

‰ : £ ¤$ í `  ¦ % 3 `  ¦ à º e ” % 3  . Cos “ : r _  ' ‘ | ¾ Ós  7 £ x † < Ê\      © œ@ /& h “    l  — ¸F ' pà Ô ° ú כ_  y Œ ™™ è  

 “ ¦, Co 1 % ' ‘   ) a r ¼ # \  @ /K " f  H  © œ $ í : £ ¤$ í s  ˜ Ðs   H  כ `  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ” % 3  .

Ù þ

˜d ” # Q: InGaZnO

4

, í ß – oÓ ü t,  © œ“ : r y © œ $ í ^ ‰, XPS, XRD

Co-doping Concentration Dependent Physical Properties of InGaZn 1−x Co x O 4 Powders.

Eun-Sang Hwang · Suhwan Park · In-Suk Park · Sungkyun Park

Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735

Jong-Seong Bae

Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 618-230 (Received 7 September 2011 : accepted 5 October 2011)

InGaZn

1−x

Co

x

O

4

(x= 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10) powders were synthesized using solid state reaction methods to examine the Co concentration dependence of the structural, spectroscopic and magnetic properties. From the X-ray diffraction analysis, we did not observe a structural variation as the Co concentration was increased. Futhermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that all the core-level spectra remained the same within our detection limit. However, samples with Co concentrations less than 0.10 exhibited a ferromagnetic behavior.

PACS numbers: 78.55.-m, 78.20.-e

Keywords: Room temperature ferromagnetism, Oxides, InGaZnO

4

, XPS, XRD

E-mail: [email protected]

-998-

(2)

I. " e  ] Ø

þ

j   H  $ í õ  ì ø ͕ ¸^ ‰_  $ í | 9 `  ¦ 1 l x r \  t   H Ó ü „“ É r  

$ í

ì ø ͕ ¸^ ‰(Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor: DMS)\  @ / ô

 Ç ƒ  ½ ¨  Ö ¸ µ 1 Ïy  ”  ' Ÿ ÷ &“ ¦ e ”   [1]. DMS  H ì ø ͕ ¸^ ‰ Ó ü t

| 9

\  ™ è| ¾ Ó_   $ í s “ : r s  ì ø ͕ ¸^ ‰_  € ª œs “ : r  o \  ¦ u  ¨ 8 Š

# Œ ì ø ͕ ¸^ ‰ H o # Q[ þ t s   $ í " é ¶  ü <_   © œ  ñ Œ •6   x \  _ K 

#

QÖ ¼ ô  Ç  © œI _  Û ¼— 2 ;Ü ¼– Ð ¼ # F g ÷ &  H Ó ü t| 9 `  ¦ _ p ô  Ç . ¢ ¸ ô

 Ç DMS  H ì ø ͕ ¸^ ‰_  “ ¦Ä »ô  Ç \  -t   ½ ™× ¼½ ¨› ¸\  ¦ Ä »t   9  $ í s “ : r õ  H o # Q_   © œ  ñ Œ •6   x \  _ K  H o # Q Û ¼

—

2 ; ¼ # F g ÷ &# Q4 R e ”  . Õ ª QÙ ¼– Ð { 9 ì ø Í& h “   ì ø ͕ ¸^ ‰ü <  H ² ú ˜ o

 y © œ $ í & h  : £ ¤$ í `  ¦   ? />  ÷ &“ ¦  l  F g † < Æ& h  x 9 „  l  F

g † < Æ& h  : £ ¤$ í \ " f Û ¼— 2 ;_  ´ òõ    è ß – . s    Ó ü „“ É r  

$ í

ì ø ͕ ¸^ ‰  H ‰ & ³F _  ì ø ͕ ¸^ ‰ / B N& ñ l Õ ü t _  & h 6   x s  B Ä º 6   x s

 l  M :ë  H \  D h– Ðî  r ™ è  > hµ 1 Ïs  q “ §& h  ~ 1 “ ¦ F K5 Å q l  ì

ø Í_  Û ¼— 2 ;à Ԗ Ð_ ” Û ¼ ™ è ˜ Ð  í ß –\ O & h  / å L ´ òõ  9 þ t  כ Ü

¼– Ð l @ /~ à Γ ¦ e ”   [2–4].

þ

j   H \   H „  s F K5 Å q(transition metal)“   Mn [5–7]õ  Co [8–11]1 p x`  ¦ 2$ í ì  r >   o½ + ËÓ ü t“   GaN ü < ZnO 1 p x _  V , “ É r \ 



-t   ½ ™× ¼ Ì “ s`  ¦ t   H Ó ü t| 9 \   € ª œô  Ç ' ‘  0 l x • ¸\   



      H Ó ü t o & h  : £ ¤$ í , : £ ¤ y   l & h  : £ ¤$ í \  › ' a ô  Ç ƒ  

½

¨ ´ ú §s  ”  ' Ÿ ÷ &“ ¦ e ”  . t ë ß – „  s F K5 Å q _  • ¸i ç \   



É r 3$ í ì  r >   o½ + ËÓ ü t \  @ /ô  Ç ƒ  ½ ¨  H ´ ú §s  ”  ' Ÿ ÷ &t  · ú §€ Œ ¤



. þ j   H \   H s  Qô  Ç 3$ í ì  r >  ×  æ È Ò" î í ß – oÓ ü t ì ø ͕ ¸^ ‰ ™ è F

– Ð ´ ú §“ É r › ' a d ” s  7 £ x  “ ¦ e ”   H InGaZnO

4

\  „  s F K5 Å q

“

  Mn s “ : r _  ' ‘ | ¾ Ó\    É r q & ñ | 9  ~ à Ì} Œ •_  Ó ü t o & h  : £ ¤

$ í

s  ƒ  ½ ¨÷ &% 3   [12]. ‘ : r ƒ  ½ ¨\ " f  H ¢ ¸   É r „  s F K5 Å q

“

  Cos “ : r s  ' ‘   ) a q & ñ | 9  InGaZnO

4

~ à Ì} Œ • ] j Œ •`  ¦ 0 A K

 ½ + Ë$ í  ) a ì  r ´ ú ˜\  @ /K " f ' ‘ | ¾ Ó(1, 5, 10 mol%)\    É r

½

¨› ¸& h ,  l & h  : £ ¤$ í `  ¦ ƒ  ½ ¨ % i  .

II. ÷ m Ç ] M ö

In

2

O

3

(Aldrich, 99.99 %), Ga

2

O

3

(Aldrich, 99.99 %) Õ ª o

“ ¦ ZnO (Aldrich, 99.999 %)\  ¦ r  Œ • Ó ü t| 9 – Ð # Œ CoO (Aldrich, 99.99 %) ì  r ´ ú ˜_  ' ‘ | ¾ Ó (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.10)`  ¦

² ú

˜o  €  " f InGaZn

1−x

Co

x

O

4

ì  r ´ ú ˜`  ¦ ] j› ¸ % i  . y Œ •y Œ • _

 ì  r ´ ú ˜`  ¦ q Ö  ¦ \  ´ ú >  ¨ î | ¾ Óô  Ç Ê ê ì  r ´ ú ˜_  ç  H| 9 ô  Ç ™ D ¥ ½ + Ë`  ¦ 0

AK  1r ç ß – 1 l x î ß – x 9 a A`  ¦ ô  Ç Ê ê · ú ˜À Òp   • ¸m \  V , “ ¦ 200

o

C/hr _  5 p x“ : rÖ  ¦ – Ð y Œ •y Œ • 700

o

C \ " f 1 , 1000

o

C \ 

"

f 2 , Õ ªo “ ¦ 1300

o

C \ " f 10r ç ß – 1 l x î ß – 3  ™ è\  ¦ # Œ

™

è  õ & ñ `  ¦  ' ¬ I . Co' ‘ | ¾ Ó\    É r InGaZn

1−x

Co

x

O

4

ì

 r ´ ú ˜_    & ñ ½ ¨› ¸ x 9   & ñ $ í `  ¦ › ' a ¹ 1 Ï l  0 A # Œ X‚    r ] X

(XRD: Bruker D8 Advance, Germany)`  ¦ 8 £ ¤& ñ “ ¦,

Fig. 1. (Color online)X-ray powder diffraction of InGaZn

1−x

Co

x

O

4

(a) x =0.10, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.01, (d) x = 0.00, and (e) Reference (ICSD #90003).

The solid curves are representing the fitted diffraction profile from Rietveld analysis.

Rietveld ì  r$ 3 `  ¦ : Ÿ x # Œ ì  r ´ ú ˜ r « Ñ_    & ñ $ í `  ¦ › ¸  

%

i   [13, 14]. ¢ ¸ô  Ç ì  r ´ ú ˜_  › ¸$ í x 9  o† < Æ& h   © œI \  ¦ X‚   F

g„    ì  rF gZ O (XPS: ESCALab 250)`  ¦ : Ÿ x K " f › ' a ¹ 1 Ï % i 

“

¦ œ í„  • ¸ € ª œ  ç ß –[ O  © œu (Superconducting Quantum In- terference Device: SQUID)\  ¦ s 6   x # Œ Cos “ : r _  ' ‘ 

|

¾ Ó\    É r ì  r ´ ú ˜_   l & h  $ í | 9 `  ¦ ì  r$ 3  % i  .

III. + s ÇÊ Ý õ m Í w в  o

{ 9

ì ø Í& h Ü ¼– Ð InGaZnO

4

Ó ü t| 9 _    & ñ ½ ¨› ¸  H rhombohe- dral ½ ¨› ¸ (Fig 1(e))\  ¦ ”   “ ¦ · ú ˜ 94 R e ”   [15,16]. Fig.

1“ É r Co ' ‘ | ¾ Ó\    É r InGaZn

1−x

Co

x

O

4

ì  r ´ ú ˜_  X-‚    r ] X

(Cu Kα, λ = 1.5405 ˚ A) 8 £ ¤& ñ   õ ü < Rietveld ì  r$ 3    õ

\  ¦   ? /% 3  . Co ' ‘  ÷ &t  · ú §  H r ¼ # _   â Ä º, % 3 

#

Q”       © œÃ º a, b Õ ªo “ ¦ c_  ° ú כ(a = b = 3.3001 ˚ A)

“ É

r · ú ˜ 9”   InGaZnO

4

ì  r ´ ú ˜ (ICSD#90003)_      © œÃ º (a=b=3.2990(2) ˚ A) ü < Ä » † < Ê`  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ” % 3  .     © œÃ º c ° ú כ(c = 26.0334) ˚ A)“ É r · ú ˜ 9”   ° ú כ (c = 26.101(3) ˚ A) ˜ Ð 



™ è & h 6 £ §`  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ” % 3  . t ë ß –, c° ú כ_     o  H Co € ª œ_  7

£

x \     e ” _ & h Ü ¼– Ð    l  M :ë  H \ , Co' ‘ | ¾ Ó\   

 É

r ½ ¨› ¸& h “      o  H    t  · ú §  H  כ `  ¦ S X ‰ “  ½ + É Ã º e ”  .

³

ð 1\  Rietveld ì  r$ 3   õ – Ð Â Ò'  % 3 # Q”       © œÃ º ° ú כ`  ¦



 ? /% 3  .

Figure 2  H Co' ‘ | ¾ Ó\    É r InGaZn

1−x

Co

x

O

4

ì  r ´ ú ˜ _

 XPS 8 £ ¤& ñ   õ  (symbol)ü < background\  ¦ ] j  “ ¦ è ß – Ê

ê fitting (lines)   õ \  ¦   ? /“ ¦ e ”   [17]. ³ ð 2\  fit-

ting  õ – Ð Â Ò'  % 3 # Q”   y Œ • " é ¶ ™ è_    ½ + Ë\  -t (binding

(3)

Fig. 2. (Color online) (a) In 3d

5/2

, (b) Ga 2p

3/2

, (c) Zn 2p

3/2

, and (d) O 1s core-level XPS spectra of InGaZn

1−x

Co

x

O

4

. The vertical lines denote the reference binding energy obtained from literature.

Table 1. The Co concentration dependent lattice con- stants of the powders obtained from the Rietveld refine- ments shown in Fig. 1.

Co a = b (˚ A) c (˚ A) α = β (

) γ (

) 0.00 3.3001 26.0334 90 120 0.01 3.2961 26.0266 90 120 0.05 3.2964 26.0623 90 120 0.10 3.2997 26.0142 90 120

energy: BE)\  ¦   ? /% 3  . Fitting\   6   x ) a spin-orbit- splitting ° ú כ“ É r In 3d  H 7.54 eV, Ga 2p  H 26.84 eV, Õ ªo 

“

¦ Zn 2p  H 22.97 eV – Ð “ ¦& ñ % i   [18]. à ºf ”  & h ‚  “ É r ‚ à Ð

“

¦ë  H‰  ³\  e ”   H In

2

O

3

_  In 3d

5/2

  ½ + Ë\  -t  (444.3 eV), Ga

2

O

3

_  Ga 2p

3/2

  ½ + Ë\  -t  (1117.8 eV) ZnO_  Zn 2p

3/2

  ½ + Ë\  -t  (1021.8 eV), Õ ªo “ ¦ O_   â Ä º In

2

O

3

\ 

"

f_  O 1s   ½ + Ë\  -t  (529.8 eV)\  ¦    · p  [18]. ¢ ¸ô  Ç, Co _  ' ‘ | ¾ Ós  0.01 r ¼ # \  @ /K " f  H Co 2p peak`  ¦ › ' a ¹ 1 Ï

½

+ É Ã º \ O % 3 “ ¦ 0.05ü < 0.1“   r ¼ # \  @ /K " f  H Co _  2p © œI 

\

 ¦ › ' a ¹ 1 Ï ½ + É Ã º e ” % 3   (not shown here). í ß –™ è\  ¦ ] jü @ô  Ç

—

¸Ž  H " é ¶ ™ è (In, Ga, Zn)\  @ /K " f  _  peakÜ ¼– Ð de- convolution ½ + É Ã º e ” % 3 Ü ¼ 9, y Œ •y Œ •_    ½ + Ë\  -t   H Co _  '

‘ | ¾ Ó\        t  · ú §Ü ¼ 9, ‚ à Г ¦ë  H‰  ³\  e ”   H y Œ •y Œ • í ß –



oÓ ü t _    ½ + Ë\  -t  ˜ Ð   ™ è ± ú 6 £ §`  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  . s   H



o½ + ËÓ ü t _  ½ + Ë$ í õ & ñ \ " f y Œ • " é ¶ ™ è_    ½ + Ës   © œ@ /& h Ü ¼– Ð €  • K

f ” \ " f l “  ô  Ç  כ Ü ¼– Ð Æ Ò8 £ ¤ ½ + É Ã º e ”  . í ß –™ è_   â Ä º, hydroxide \  _ ô  Ç   ½ + Ë\  -t  Z  }“ É r \  -t  % ò % i  (∼531

Table 2. Co concentration dependent binding energy (BE) of core-level XPS spectra shown in Fig. 2.

x In 3d

5/2

(eV) Ga 2p

3/2

(eV) Zn 2p

3/2

(eV) O 1s (eV) 0.00 444.21 1117.53 1021.20 529.97

530.91 0.01 444.31 1117.64 1021.32 530.11 531.48 0.05 444.21 1117.61 1021.29 530.02 531.28 0.10 444.15 1117.51 1021.23 529.94 530.78

eV) \ " f   z Œ ¤ . y Œ •y Œ •_  · ú ˜ 9”   raw materials (In

2

O

3

, Ga

2

O

3

, ZnO)[ þ t _  O 1s   ½ + Ë\  -t  ∼530.6 eVe ” `  ¦ “ ¦



9 €   [18] ± ú “ É r   ½ + Ë\  -t (∼530 eV)  H Šҁ  _  F K5 Å q s

“ : r[ þ t õ _    ½ + Ë\  _ ô  Ç  כ e ” `  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  . Co ' ‘ 

|

¾ Ó\     valence band spectra (not shown here)\  ¦ 8 £ ¤

&

ñ ô  Ç   õ , E

offset

∼ 2.0 eV „  Ê ê– Ð ' ‘ | ¾ Ó\    É r Å Ò3 l q

½

+ É ë ß –ô  Ç    o  H \ O % 3  . t ë ß –, ì  r ´ ú ˜`  ¦ pellet Ü ¼– Ð ë ß –[ þ t

#

Q" f 8 £ ¤& ñ ô  Ç $ † ½ Ó° ú כ“ É r (∼ M Ω & ñ • ¸_  ß ¼l ), Co' ‘ | ¾ Ó

\

    $ † ½ Ós   ™ è 7 £ x    H  כ `  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ” % 3  .

Figure 3“ É r ì  r ´ ú ˜_   l & h  : £ ¤$ í `  ¦ · ú ˜ ˜ Ðl  0 AK   © œ“ : r

\

" f 8 £ ¤& ñ ô  Ç SQUID   õ \  ¦    · p . Cos “ : r _  ' ‘ | ¾ Ó s

 7 £ x † < Ê\      l — ¸F ' pà Ô ° ú כs  ×  ¦ # Q× ¼  H  כ `  ¦ S X ‰ “  

½

+ É Ã º e ”  . Co 0.01' ‘   ) a r ¼ # \ " f  l  s § 4 / B G‚  s 

› '

a ¹ 1 Ï÷ &% 3 “ ¦ Co€ ª œs  7 £ x ½ + Éà º2 Ÿ ¤  r  y Œ ™™ è† < Ê`  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ” 

%

3  . Co 0.1' ‘   ) a r ¼ # “ É r  l s § 4 / B G‚  s    f ” `  ¦

(4)

Fig. 3. (Color online) Magnetic hysteresis loop of InGaZn

1−x

Co

x

O

4

measured at room temperature.

· ú

˜ à º e ” % 3   [12, 19]. Liu [12] 1 p x _  ƒ  ½ ¨  õ \  _  

€

  Mn_ ' ‘ | ¾ Ós  7 £ x † < Ê\     q & ñ | 9  InGaZnO

4

~ Ã Ì }

Œ

•_   l  — ¸F ' pà ԍ  H ×  ¦ # Q[ þ t “ ¦, „  l  $ † ½ ӕ ¸ 7 £ x    H Ä »



ô  Ç ‰ & ³ © œs  › ' a ¹ 1 Ï ÷ &% 3  . þ j   H \  ° ú  “ É r ƒ  ½ ¨ [ þ t \  _  K

" f Crs  ' ‘   ) a InGaZnO

4

q & ñ | 9  ~ à Ì} Œ •_   â Ä º [20]

Cr _  ' ‘ | ¾ Ós  7 £ x † < Ê\     q & ñ | 9  ~ à Ì} Œ •_  „  l & h  $ 

†

½ Ós  7 £ x    H 1 l x{ 9 ô  Ç   õ \  ¦ % 3 % 3  . t ë ß – s  r ¼ # _ 

 â

Ä º ~ à Ì} Œ •_  7 £ x ‚ à ̓ : r • ¸\    " f Ÿ í o  l — ¸F ' pà Ô_  ° ú כ s

 Cr_  ' ‘ | ¾ Ó\     & t     Œ • t   H ‰ & ³ © œ• ¸ · ú ˜ à º e ”

% 3  .   " f, ~ à Ì} Œ •_  7 £ x ‚ Ã Ì › ¸| \     Ô  ¦í  HÓ ü t ( s   â Ä

º Cos “ : r[ þ t) s  „  l & h   l & h  : £ ¤$ í \  ì ø Í6 £ x   H  ⠆ ¾ Ós 



2 £ §`  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  .

IV. + s Ç Â ] Ø

‘

: r ƒ  ½ ¨\ " f  H InGaZnO

4

Ó ü t| 9 \  Cos “ : r`  ¦ • ¸i ç # Œ '

‘ | ¾ Ó\     ] j› ¸ # Œ InGaZn

1−x

Co

x

O

4

ì  r ´ ú ˜_  ½ ¨› ¸

&

h ,  o† < Æ& h  Õ ªo “ ¦  l & h  : £ ¤$ í `  ¦ › ¸  % i  . ½ ¨› ¸& h 



  o\  ¦ · ú ˜ ˜ Ðl  0 AK  8 £ ¤& ñ ô  Ç X-‚    r] X  z  ´+ « >  õ \ " f Co s “ : r _  ' ‘  Ó ü t| 9 _  ½ ¨› ¸& h     o\  % ò † ¾ Ó`  ¦ p u t  3

l

w ô  Ç   H  כ `  ¦ S X ‰ “   % i  . ¢ ¸ô  Ç ì  r ´ ú ˜_  XPS ì  r$ 3    õ  '

‘ | ¾ Ó\   © œ › ' a\ O s  y Œ •y Œ •_  " é ¶ ™ è\  @ /ô  Ç  o† < Æ& h    ½ + Ë\  - t

    o  H { 9 # Q t  · ú §  H    H  כ `  ¦ S X ‰ “   % i  . SQUID 8

£ ¤& ñ `  ¦ : Ÿ x K   l & h  : £ ¤$ í `  ¦ ¶ ú ˜( R ‘ : r   õ ,  © œ“ : r \ " f 8 £ ¤

&

ñ ô  Ç M-H curve_    õ \ " f Cos “ : r _  ' ‘ | ¾ Ós  7 £ x † < Ê

\

     l — ¸F ' pà Ô ° ú כs  ×  ¦ # Q× ¼  H  כ `  ¦ S X ‰ “   % i  . “ : r

•

¸\    É r  l  — ¸F ' pà Ô 8 £ ¤& ñ `  ¦ : Ÿ x K " f• ¸ r ¼ # _   l  — ¸ F '

pà Ô  _     o \ O 6 £ §`  ¦ S X ‰ “   ½ + É Ã º e ” % 3  . s   H r 

¼

# _  „  l  $ † ½ Ós  Co' ‘ | ¾ Ó_  7 £ x \     7 £ x    H  כ õ

 ƒ  › ' a$ í s  e ”   H  כ Ü ¼– Ð Ä »Æ Ò½ + É Ã º e ”  .

P

c p 8 ý ò k >

s

  7 Hë  H“ É r  Òí ß –@ /† < Ɠ §  Ä »õ ] j † < ÆÕ ü tƒ  ½ ¨q (2¸   : 2010-2012) t " é ¶ Ü ¼– Ð s À Ò# Q & ’ _ þ v m  .

Y

c p w Š à U Ø ”  ô

[1] Y. C. Cho, S. Lee, W.-K. Kim, S.-Y. Jeong, J. M.

Shin, S.-Y. Cha, H. J. Lee and C. R. Cho, New Physics: Sae Mulli 60, 1231 (2010).

[2] S. J. Pearton, C. R. Abernathy, M. E. Overberg, G. T. Thaler, D. P. Norton, N. Theodoropoulou, A.

F. Hebard, Y. D. Park, F. Ren, J. Kim and L. A.

Boatner, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 1 (2003).

[3] R. Janisch, P. Gopa, and N. A. Spaldin, J. Phys.:

Condens. Matter 17, R657 (2005).

[4] T. Dietl, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19, 165204 (2007).

[5] H. Ohno, H. Munekata, T. Penney, S. V. Molnar and L. L. Chang, Rhys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1664 (1992).

[6] H. Ohno, A. Shen, F. Matsukura, A. Oiwa, A. Endo, S. Katsumoto and Y. Ley, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 363 (1996).

[7] P. Sharma, A. Gupta, K. V. Rao, F. J. Owens, R.

Sharma, R. Ahuja, J. M. O. Guillen, B. Johansson and G. A. Gehring, Nature Mater. 2, 673 (2003).

[8] T. Dietl, H. Ohno, F. Matsukura, J. Cibert and D.

Ferrand, Science 187, 1019 (2000).

[9] Y. Matsumoto, M. Murakami, T. Shono, T.

Hasegawa, T. Fukumura, M. Kawasaki, P. Ahmet, T. Chikyow, S. Koshihara and H. Koinuma, Science 291, 854 (2001).

[10] S. B. Ogale, R. J. Choudhary, J. P. Buban, S. E.

Lofland, S. R. Shinde, S. N. Kale, V. N. Kulkarni, J. Higgins, C. Lanci, J. R. Simpson, N. D. Brown- ing, S. D. Sarma, H. D. Drew, R. L. Greene and T.

Venkatesan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 077205 (2003).

[11] K. Ueda, H. Tabata and T. Kawai, Appl. Phys. Lett.

79, 988 (2001).

(5)

[12] S.-J. Liu, H.-W. Fang, S.-H. Su, C.-H. Li, J.-S.

Cherng, J.-H. Hsieh and J.-Y. Juang, Appl. Phys.

Lett. 94, 092504 (2009).

[13] H. M. Rietveld, Acta Crystallogr. 22, 151 (1967).

[14] http://www.ccp14.ac.uk/tutorial/powdcell/index.

html.

[15] K. Nomura, H. Ohta, A. Takagi, K. Ueda, T.

Kamiya, M. Hirano and H. Hosono, Phys. Rev. B 75, 035212 (2007).

[16] Inorganic Crystal Structure Database. (http://

icsd.fiz-karlsruhe.de)

[17] XPSPEAK4.1 (written by Raymond Kwok) was used to analyze the measured XPS data (http://

www.uksaf.org/software.html).

[18] J. F. Moulder, W. F. Stickle, P. E. Soble, and K.

D. Bomben, Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spec- troscopy, Physical Electronics Inc. (1992).

[19] C. B. Fitzgerald, M. Venkatesan, L. S. Dorneles, R.

Gunning, P. Stamenov, J. M. D. Coey, P. A. Stampe, R. J. Kennedy, E. C. Moreira and U. S. Sias, Phys.

Rev. B 74, 115307 (2006).

[20] S.-J. Liu, S.-H. Su, H.-W. Fang, J.-H. Hsieh and

J.-Y. Juang, Appl. Surf. Sci. in press (2011).

수치

Fig. 2. (Color online) (a) In 3d 5/2 , (b) Ga 2p 3/2 , (c) Zn 2p 3/2 , and (d) O 1s core-level XPS spectra of InGaZn 1−x Co x O 4
Fig. 3. (Color online) Magnetic hysteresis loop of InGaZn 1−x Co x O 4 measured at room temperature.

참조

관련 문서

There headlamps provide various advantages, such as high illuminance, long lifetime, reduced infrared light, extended operation time with a battery and light weight.. A

Raman spectroscopy is used not only as an indispensible characterization tool to measure the number of layers in a sample and to identify single-layer graphene positively, but also as

A cylindrical microwave resonant cavity operating in the TM01 mode was used to determine the electric and magnetic properties of single-well carbon nanotubes (SWNT) that were blended

Infrared optothermal laser spectroscopy has been used to study the van der Waals molecule nitrous oxide trimer (N 2 O) 3.. The reported spectrum here are the first

Two kinds of the particle statistics exist for a quantum system of identical particles on three-or higher-dimensional space. They are bosonic statistics and

The cluster formation of grains was investigated and depended on the probability of down- ward movement of a grain (p), the concentration of entering grains (s), and the

One hundred ten (110) hyperfine rotational spectra were reassigned and 16 rotational structural constants were determined in the ground vibrational state.. Microwave sources from 17

BaFBr : Eu 2+ , AM(AM = Li + , Na + , K + , Cs + ) phosphors co-doped with Eu 2+ and alkali metal ions (AM = Li + , Na + , K + , Cs + ) as activators were prepared, and the effects