R&D연구결과보고서

방송통신정책연구 15-진흥-016

ITU와 ISO/IEC 대응 표준화 거버넌스 분석 및 표준화 활동강화 방안 연구

The Global Governance of Standardization of ITU and ISO/IEC: Challenges and Strategies

for National Standard Policies

민병원/김지영/석혜민/이진경

2015.12

연구기관: 이화여자대학교 산학협력단

이 보고서는 2015년도 미래창조과학부 방송통신발전기금 방송통신 정책연구사업의 연구결과로서 보고서 내용은 연구자의 견해이며, 미 래창조과학부의 공식입장과 다를 수 있습니다.

제 출 문

미래창조과학부 장관 ^귀하

본 보고서를 『ITU와 ISO/IEC 대응 표준화 거버넌스 분석 및 표준화 활동강화 방안 연구』의 연구결과보고서로 제출합니다.

2015년 12월

연구기관: 이화여자대학교 산학협력단 총괄책임자: 민 병 원 참여연구원: 김 지 영 석 혜 민 이 진 경

목 차

제1장 서 론 ······················································································································· 1

제2장 ITU, ISO/IEC 현황 조사 및 기구의 성격 ······································································ 5

제1절 ITU 표준화 거버넌스 ··· 5

1. ITU 표준화 개요 ··· 5

2. ITU 일반 ··· 7

3. ITU 하위 구조 ··· 23

제2절 ISO/IEC 표준화 거버넌스 ··· 37

제3장 정보통신 표준화의 권력갈등 구조 및 현황 ······························································ 48

제1절 미국의 표준화 거버넌스 ··· 48

제2절 유럽의 표준화 거버넌스 ··· 57

제3절 일본의 표준화 거버넌스 ··· 87

제4절 중국의 표준화 거버넌스 ··· 93

제4장 기술표준의 “글로벌 공공재”적 속성 및 거버넌스 분석 ······································· 96

제1절 표준과 표준화의 기본 성격 ··· 96

제2절 표준화 메커니즘의 작동방식 ··· 101

제5장 기술표준의 프레임워크 분석 및 ICT 거버넌스에 대한 적용 ·································· 106

제1절 국제무역과 기술표준 ··· 106

제2절 네트워크 외부성과 거버넌스 ··· 109

제3절 표준화 거버넌스의 복합적 구조와 국가전략 ··· 116

제6장 결 론 ···················································································································· 122

참고문헌 ······························································································································ 126

표 목 차

<표 2-1> 주요 국제표준의 역사 ··························································································· 5

<표 2-2> ITU 주요 연혁 ········································································································ 7

<표 2-3> ITU 법률문서와 개정 주체 ··················································································· 13

<표 2-4> ITU 운영진 (2015년 11월 현재) ············································································ 14

<표 2-5> ITU 회원 현황 (2015년 11월 현재) ······································································· 15

<표 2-6> 우리나라의 주요 ITU 활동 ··················································································· 19

<표 2-7> ITU 의장단(의장, 부의장) 진출 현황 (2014년) ····················································· 20

<표 2-8> 우리나라의 ITU ICT 발전지수(IDI) 순위 (2014∼2015년) ······································· 21

<표 2-9> ITU-R SG의 연구과제 우선순위 분류 ··································································· 29

<표 2-10> 권고의 분류 ······································································································· 31

<표 2-11> ITU-R과 ITU-T의 표준화 작업 비교 ···································································· 35

<표 2-12> ISO, IEC, JTC 1의 사용 명칭 등 비교 ································································ 38

<표 2-13> 국제표준(IS) 단계 절차 (정상절차) ····································································· 42

<표 2-14> JTC 1의 표준 개발 단계 ···················································································· 43

<표 2-15> 한국 ITU 연구위원회 주요 연혁 ········································································· 46

<표 3-1> ITAC-R 연구 그룹 ································································································· 52

<표 3-2> ITAC-T 연구 그룹 ································································································· 52

<표 3-3> ITAC-D 연구 그룹 ································································································· 53

<표 3-4> IEEE 표준문서의 유형 ·························································································· 56

<표 3-5> 유럽연합의 정보통신 표준화 관련 법규 및 문서 ················································ 59

<표 3-6> 유럽연합 투명성 지침의 주요 내용 ····································································· 64

<표 3-7> 유럽연합의 표준구현 지원 세부사항 ··································································· 73

<표 3-8> 유럽연합 ICT 연동계획 용서 ················································································ 74

<표 3-9> 유럽연합 ICT 표준의 역할이 필요한 분야 ··························································· 75

<표 3-10> 유럽연합 표준화기구 ·························································································· 77

<표 3-11> ETSI 회원 구성 (2012년) ···················································································· 77

<표 3-12> ETSI 주요 발간물 현황 (2012년) ········································································ 78

<표 3-13> CEN 회원 구성 (2012년) ····················································································· 80

<표 3-14> CEN 주요 발간물 현황 (2012년) ········································································· 81

<표 3-15> CEN 표준개발 절차 ···························································································· 81

<표 3-16> CENELEC 회원 구성 (2012년) ············································································· 82

<표 3-17> CENELEC 주요 발간물 (2012년) ·········································································· 83

<표 3-18> 유럽표준의 중지, 변경 및 폐지 개념 ································································ 84

<표 3-19> 유럽표준화기구의 협력체계 ··············································································· 84

<표 3-20> ICTSB의 구성 ······································································································ 85

<표 3-21> 비엔나 협약 ······································································································· 86

<표 3-22> 드레스덴 협약 ···································································································· 86

<표 3-23> JIS와 국제규격과의 통합 현황 ··········································································· 88

<표 3-24> JIS를 인용한 일본의 주요 법률 ········································································· 88

<표 3-25> 일본의 ISO 참가 현황 ························································································ 89

<표 3-26> 일본의 IEC 참가 현황 ························································································ 90

<표 4-1> 표준화기구의 거버넌스 유형 ············································································· 105

<표 5-1> 네트워크 외부성의 유형 ···················································································· 110

<표 5-2> 산업정책 수단의 분류 ························································································ 116

<표 5-3> 산업화에 따른 국가-사회관계의 변화 ······························································· 118