영어2_시사(한상호)_2019기출_4과 이화여대부속고 영어내신

교과서 기출문제

2019

년 이화여대부속고

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French philosopher Descartes said, "Except our own thoughts, there is nothing absolutely in our power." But is that true?

(A) In fact, the human brain / it / a set of illogical thinking patterns / prefers / is structured / in a way that / to / often / following reason / relying on / all the time. The brain's illogical thinking patterns that make unsound judgments are called cognitive bias.

(B) However, as we have discovered more and more about the brain and how it works, we have learned that this is not the case. The problem is that thinking is the work of the brain, and the human brain, as it turns out, does not like to be rational.

(C) In the past, it was believed that human beings indeed had power over how we thought. According to this view, anyone could be like Sherlock Holmes. You only had to think rationally, unaffected by biases and emotions. 위 글의 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?1 ① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A) 위 글의 밑줄 친 부분에 주어진 단어들을 글의 흐름에 맞게 배열하시오. (단, 철자를 틀리게 쓴 경우에는 감점, 주어진 단어를 모두 이용하지 않거나 이외의 단어를 사용한 경우에 는 점수 없음)2 답:_______________________________________ 1

교과서 기출문제

2019

년 이화여대부속고

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Both Kevin and Sara are affected by the

confirmation bias. The confirmation bias is a type of cognitive bias that involves ⓐfavoring information that confirms previously existing beliefs or biases. It impacts both how people gather information and how they interpret and recall it. The confirmation bias makes people unconsciously seek information that ⓑmatches their own opinions, just as Kevin and Sara have done. When people encounter evidence that contradicts their view, the confirmation bias helps them to interpret it in a way that supports their existing opinion or to ⓒdismiss it as unreliable. Thus, the confirmation bias prevents us from looking at situations objectively, leading us to make poor or faulty choices.

The confirmation bias can appear in many forms. Racism, which is a dangerous human attribute that is essentially found in all societies, is an obvious example. So are prejudices against religion, gender, social class, and ageism. We even become firm in our ⓓloyalty to political parties and view them simply in "us" or "them" terms. Thus, we become hard ⓔwired to engage in faulty thinking.

It is almost impossible to overcome the

confirmation bias alone. However, Charles Darwin came up with a golden rule to avoid falling into the trap of the confirmation bias. He always noted (A)[observations / observance] that were opposed to what he thought and made an effort to (B)[examine / evaluate] them. Paying extra attention to claims that ⓕchallenge your opinions and attempting to

discredit your own beliefs forbid you to come to a conclusion in a(n) (C)[biased / unbiased] way.

위 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 영영풀이가 적절하 지 않은 것은?3

ⓐ favor: to approve of or support ⓑ match: to be in agreement with

ⓒ dismiss: to send away: to cause or allow to leave ⓓ loyalty: the quality or state of having or showing complete and constant support for someone or something

ⓔ wired: very excited, or full of nervous energy ⓕ challenge: to say or show that may not be true, correct, or legal

① 2개 ② 3개 ③ 4개 ④ 5개 ⑤ 6개

위 글의 괄호 (A)~(C) 안에서, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절 한 것은?4

(A) (B) (C) ① observations examine biased ② observations evaluate unbiased ③ observations examine unbiased ④ observance evaluate unbiased ⑤ observance examine biased

교과서 기출문제

2019

년 이화여대부속고

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Doing (A)[what / that] most people do is not always wrong. Sometimes products and ideas are popular because they are indeed good, and unpopular ones are avoided for ⓐsensible reasons. However, this is not always the case. That is why it is ⓑadvisable that you (B)[are / be] aware of the bandwagon effect and ⓒprotect yourself against it, even if you

eventually decide that “most people” are right. As Mark Twain said, "Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time to pause and reflect.“

(b)

There are several ways to prevent yourself from being influenced by the framing effect. First, you can reframe the information in your own way. For example, you can calculate how much a gym membership would cost per month or per year even though the gym owner advertises it as 1,370 won a day. (C)[Another / The other] way is to consider options and possibilities that are not included in the information. Some questions are framed in such a way that you are shown only two choices: Is competition good or bad? When you ⓓencounter a question like this, it is important that you remember that the effects of competition may differ ⓔout of context. 위 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?5 ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ 위 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C) 안에서 어법상 적절한 것은?6 (A) (B) (C)

① what are Another ② what be Another ③ what are The other ④ that be Another ⑤ that are The other

교과서 기출문제

2019

년 이화여대부속고

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The human brain is structured in a way that it often prefers relying on a set of illogical thinking patterns to following 2

reason all the time. ① 3 ① 4 ⑤ 5 ② 6 4