No-Way-Out Situation:

(1)

No-Way-Out Situation:

Absurdity on Stage

British & American Drama and Performance 09

(2)

ROUND 1

Being & Identity

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꽃 / 김춘수

내가 그의 이름을 불러 주기 전에는 그는 다만

하나의 몸짓에 지나지 않았다.

내가 그의 이름을 불러 주었을 때, 그는 나에게로 와서

꽃이 되었다.

내가 그의 이름을 불러준 것처럼 나의 이 빛깔과 향기(香氣)에 알맞은 누가 나의 이름을 불러다오.

그에게로 가서 나도 그의 꽃이 되고 싶다.

우리들은 모두 무엇이 되고 싶다.

너는 나에게 나는 너에게

잊혀지지 않는 하나의 눈짓이 되고 싶다.

(4)

콜 미 / 허경영

내 눈을 바라봐 넌 행복해지고 내 눈을 바라봐 넌 건강해지고

허경영을 불러봐 넌 웃을 수 있고 허경영을 불러봐 넌 시험 합격해

내 노랠 불러봐 넌 살도 빠지고 내 노랠 불러봐 넌 키도 커지고

허경영을 불러봐 넌 더 예뻐지고 허경영을 불러봐 넌 잘 생겨지고

아침 점심 저녁 내 이름을 세번만 부르면 자연스레 웃음이 나올 것이야

망설이지 말고 right now

(5)

To Be or Not to Be,

That is the Question…

(Shakespeare, Hamlet)

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(7)

(8)

Santa Knows All!

He sees you when your sleeping…

He knows when you're awake…

He knows if you've been bad or good,

So be good for goodness sake!

(9)

(10)

올해는 경기가 안 좋아...

썰매도 망가지고…

루돌프 월급도 못 주고…

아이고 힘들어 못 해먹겠다…

- 산타의 고통

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(12)

ROUND 2

Existentialism

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Existence

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Cogito Ergo Sum…

생각한다, 고로 나는 존재한다…

Existence

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Existentialism denies (부정)

 Existence of God 신의 존재

 Validity of fixed standards of conduct 고정된 해동 기준의 타당성

 Possibility of verifiable moral codes 입증할 수 있는 도덕 규약의 가능성

Existentialism Advocates (옹호)

 Human freedom and responsibility 인간의 자유와 책임

Existentialism

(16)

Basic Existential Problems

 The transitory nature of life ^{인생의 무상}

 Time and eternity ^시간과 영원

 Difficulty in communication ^{의사소통 불능}

 Individual’s sense of loneliness 개인의 고독과 소외

 Mysteries of identity 정체성 모호 (나는 누구?)

Existentialism

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Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)

 French existentialist philosopher

 “Unquestioning conformity to values established by others is immoral, whereas choosing and

living by one’s own values is moral”

 “None of the institutions (church, state, society) can prove the

correctness or necessity of our standards, therefore human beings are condemned to be free”

 That is… people are free to choose individually the values to live by…

Existentialism

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Albert Camus (1913-1960)

 French writer, with Sartre’s tone

 Described the human condition as “absurd”

 “Our situation is absurd because our longing for certainty is

forever frustrated by the

irrationality of the universe, and we have been thrown into such absurdity of the world…”

 “We have to choose one’s own standards and live by them”

Existentialism

(19)

Sartre & Camus

 Both were convinced…

 We can examine our situation and make decisions that permit us to act meaningfully in accordance with our decisions

Existentialism

너를 둘러싼 그 모든 이유가 견딜 수 없이 너무 힘들다 해도 너라면 할 수 있을 거야

할 수가 있어

그게 바로 너야 ~

- 강산애 <넌 할 수 있어>

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ROUND 3

Absurdism

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Term and Origin

 Emerged in France around 1950 as a dramatic movement

 The term ‘absurd’ came from the expression that Camus used to describe the human condition

 Therefore, Absurdist dramatic movement is based on

Existentialism

Absurdism

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Principles of Absurdist Drama

 Accepted the existentialist view of the human condition as absurd

실존주의 시각 받아들임

 “Much of what happens in life can not be explained logically; it is ridiculous or

absurd”

 “Truth consists of chaos free of order, logic, and certainty”

질서, 논리, 확실성 부재  실존

 Attempt to reflect the absurdity in the dramatic action free of cause-effect-

relationships and full of illogic and change

인과관계, 논리관계 부재

Absurdism

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Samuel Beckett (1906-1989)

 The best-known absurdist dramatists

 Born in Ireland, lived in France

 Waiting for Godot (1949)

Two tramps improvise diversions while they wait for Godot who never

arrives…

Absurdism

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Waiting for Godot (1949)

Two tramps improvise diversions while they wait for Godot who never arrives…

Absurdism

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Common in Beckett’s Plays

 Plots: moves in circle

nothing seems to happen  traditional crisis plot

 Setting: unrecognizable locale

 Characters: not realistic not informative

 Dialogue: out of sense

fail to communicate

 Present impossibility of certainty in human existence

 Explore a state of being itself rather than develop an action

Absurdism

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Waiting for Godot (1952)

 Two tramps Didi and Gogo spend their days waiting by a tree without any idea of whom they are waiting for or of

whether anyone will ever come Didi: Well, shall we go?

Gogo: Yes, let’s go.

(They do not move)

 They are informed by a boy that Mr. Godot cannot come, but that he will surely come

tomorrow. So they repeats the same pattern of waiting

Absurdism

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Waiting for Godot (1952)

 Monotony of repeated routine

 Meaningless words & actions to fill the time while waiting for Godot

 Godot not coming  ‘waiting’ and

‘meaningless words and action’ for killing time sustain for ever

 Tomorrow not coming, today turns

into another today  moves in circle

 Hope unfulfilled

 nature of existence

 Repetition of it

 absurd human condition

Absurdism

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Waiting for Godot (1952)

Absurdism: ‘no way out’ situation

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Come and Go (1965)