변형 문제 (148문제)
18번 ~ 40번 (도표/실용문/장문 제외) 선답형 문제 : 80문제
서술형 문제 : 68문제
Brooki 선생님 GreatAh 선생님 hera9052 선생님 INNoVation 선생님
규림재희아빠 선생님 달링 선생님 다이아몬드 선생님 민트향기 조아 선생님
서희쌤 선생님 안녕청아 선생님 올리비아배 선생님 영어 선생님
준현아빠 선생님 장돼지 선생님 콩쌤 선생님 파란소 선생님
꺄르르륵 선생님 쏭쌤 선생님
Diana 선생님 (여수/강철수어학원)
neown 선생님 (경기양평/BOM학원)
Paulk 선생님
(서울목동/메카영어전문학원)
Sarah Jang 선생님 (대전/J English) Sarah Sarah 선생님
(창원/새라영어교습소)
sgm1007 선생님 (경북경주/북키사관학원)
Henna 선생님 (경기광명/이화영어)
김은주 선생님 (대구/김쌤 영어교실) 스칼렛 선생님
(울산/조한샘학원)
서원이고모 선생님 (부산영도/과외)
느낌적인느낌느낌 선생님 (인천/Jina English)
내일은 없다공 선생님 (남양주별내/챌린지영어학원) 동깨비 선생님
(부산/봉선생영어교습소)
황금나무 선생님 (일산/이샘영수학원)
이상 문제출제를 위해 수고하신 32명의 선생님들께 감사를 드립니다.
검수를 위해 수고하신 아잉카 스텝진 25명의 선생님들께 감사를 드립니다.
기획 편집 esperanto79 선생님(아잉카 아카데미 거제 캠퍼스) 최종 감수 Isaac 선생님
Our English Cafe 변형문제 검수
Our English Cafe 변형문제 편집 및 감수
Our English Cafe 변형문제 TFT 8기 – 2018년 6월 고2 학력평가
Our English Cafe 변형문제 제작위원
1. 다음 글에 드러난 필자의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은? 1)
[201806H2_18목적추론_변형]
Dear Ms. Blake,
I understand that on May 3, 2018 when you were a guest at our restaurant in the Four Hills Plaza, you experienced an unfortunate incident that resulted in a beverage being spilled on your coat. Please accept my sincere apology. Unfortunately the staff on duty at the time did not reflect our customer service policy. I have investigated the situation and scheduled additional customer service training for them. We’d like to have you back as a customer so I’m sending you a coupon for two free entrees that can be used at any of our five locations in New Parkland. Again, my apologies for the incident. I hope you give us the opportunity to make this right.
Sincerely, Barbara Smith
① cheerful ② sorrowful ③ regretful
④ grateful ⑤ relieved
2. 다음 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 2)
[201806H2_19주장추론_변형]
Patricia is eager to be the best mom she can be, but she finds parenting a hard task. Here’s how she put it:
“Just when I think I have it down, then something changes, and I have to make major adjustments.
Parenting well feels like a moving target.” Patricia is correct. In fact, much research has been done on the developmental stages of childhood. Babies learn to sit up, then crawl, and finally walk. Kids have a greater ability to reason as they get older, and logic makes sense as they move further into preadolescence. A logical implication of these developmental changes is that parents will need to make parenting shifts along the way. In other words, the one strategy to keep in mind as your children grow and change is that you must also change to meet their new developmental needs and abilities.
① Strategies You Must Know
② Children Change All the Time
③ Being Parents : No Right Answers
④ Abilities Your Children Can Develop
⑤ Parents Need Different Tactics as Children Grow Up
3. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은? 3)
[201806H2_20심경추론_변형]
While backpacking through Costa Rica, Masami found
① herself in a bad situation. She had lost all of her belongings, and had only $5 in cash. To make matters
② worse, because of a recent tropical storm, all telephone and Internet services were down. She had no way to get money, so decided to go knocking door to door, explaining that she ③ needed a place to stay until she could contact her family back in Japan to ④ get her some money. Everybody told her they had no space or extra food and pointed her in the direction of the next house. It was already dark when she arrived at a small roadside restaurant. The owner of the restaurant heard her story and really empathized. Much to her delight, Masami was invited in. The owner gave her some food, and ⑤ allowed her to stay there until she could contact her parents.
4. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 4)
[201806H2_21주제추론_변형]
The development of writing was pioneered not by gossips, storytellers, or poets, but by accountants. The earliest writing system has its roots in the Neolithic period, when humans first began to switch from hunting and gathering to a settled lifestyle based on agriculture. This shift began around 9500 B.C. in a region known as the Fertile Crescent, which stretches from modern‑day Egypt, up to southeastern Turkey, and down again to the border between Iraq and Iran.
Writing seems to have evolved in this region from the custom of using small clay pieces to account for transactions involving agricultural goods such as grain, sheep, and cattle. The first written documents, which come from the Mesopotamian city of Uruk and date back to around 3400 B.C., record amounts of bread, payment of taxes, and other transactions using simple symbols and marks on clay tablets.
* transaction: 거래
① The History of Numerical System
② Writings Developed Through Trade in History
③ The Development of Mathematics by Writing
④ Contributions of Economy in Writing Development
⑤ Contributions of Writing Development in Various Fields
2018년 6월 모의고사 <고2>
Type A5. 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?5)
[201806H2_22제목추론_변형]
Why do you go to the library? For books, yes — and you like books because they tell stories. You hope to get lost in a story or be transported into someone else’s life. At one type of library, you can do just that
— even though there’s not a single book. At a Human Library, people with unique life stories volunteer to be the “books.” For a certain amount of time, you can ask them questions and listen to their stories, which are as fascinating and inspiring as any you can find in a book. Many of the stories have to do with some kind of stereotype. You can speak with a refugee, a soldier suffering from PTSD, and a homeless person.
The Human Library encourages people to challenge their own existing notions — to truly get to know, and learn from, someone they might otherwise make quick judgements about.
* PTSD(Post Traumatic Stress Disorder): 외상 후 스트레스 장애
① 사람들에게 도서관에서의 강연을 의뢰하려고
② 사람들에게 고정관념에 도전하도록 장려하려고
③ 사람들에게 많은 사람들과의 대화를 장려하려고
④ 사람들에게 Human library의 특징을 소개하려고
⑤ 사람들에게 도서관에 책을 기부하도록 요청하려고
6. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은?6)
[201806H2_23제목추론_변형]
We create a picture of the world using the examples that most easily come to mind. This is foolish, of course, because in reality, things don’t happen more
① frequently just because we can imagine them more easily. Thanks to this ② bias, we travel through life with an incorrect risk map in our heads. Thus, we overestimate the risk of being the victims of a plane crash, a car accident, or a murder. And we underestimate the risk of dying from less spectacular means, such as diabetes or stomach cancer. The chances of bomb attacks are much more ③ unique than we think, and the chances of suffering depression are much higher. We attach too much ④ likeness to spectacular, flashy, or loud outcomes. Anything silent or invisible we downgrade in our minds. Our brains imagine impressive outcomes more ⑤ smoothly than ordinary ones.
* antelope: 영양(羚羊)
7. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현 으로 가장 적절한 것은?7)
[201806H2_27내용일치_변형]
After earning her doctorate degree from the University of Istanbul in 1940, Halet Cambel fought tirelessly for the advancement of archaeology. She helped preserve some of Turkey’s most important archaeological sites near the Ceyhan River and (A) [establish / established] an outdoor museum at Karatepe. There, she broke ground on one of humanity’s oldest known (B) [civilization / civilizations]
by discovering a Phoenician alphabet tablet. Her work (C) [preserving / preserved] Turkey’s cultural heritage won her a Prince Claus Award. But as well as revealing the secrets of the past, she also firmly addressed the political atmosphere of her present. As just a 20yearold archaeology student, Cambel went to the 1936 Berlin Olympics, becoming the first Muslim woman to compete in the Games. She was later invited to meet Adolf Hitler but she rejected the offer on political grounds.
(A) (B) (C)
① establish civilizations preserved
② establish civilization preserving
③ established civilizations preserving
④ established civilization preserving
⑤ established civilizations preserved
8. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은?8)
[201806H2_28어법추론_변형]
Getting in the habit of asking questions transforms you into an ① active listener. This practice forces you to have a different inner life experience, since you will, in fact, be listening more ② effectively. You know that sometimes when you are supposed to be listening to someone, your mind starts to wander. All teachers know that this happens frequently with students in classes. It’s what goes on inside your head that makes all the ③ difference in how well you will convert what you hear into something you learn. Listening is not enough. If you are constantly ④ engaged in asking yourself questions about things you are hearing, you will find that even boring lecturers become a bit more interesting, because much of the interest will be coming from what you are ⑤ accepting rather than what the lecturer is offering. When someone else speaks, you need to be thought provoking!
* thought provoking: 생각을 불러일으키는
9. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?9)
[201806H2_29어휘추론_변형]
Allowing people to influence each other reduces the precision of a group’s estimate. To derive the most useful information from multiple sources of evidence, you should always try to make these sources independent of each other. This rule is part of good police procedure. When there are multiple witnesses to an event, they are not allowed to discuss it before giving their testimony. The goal is not only to prevent collusion by hostile witnesses, it is also to prevent witnesses from influencing each other. Witnesses who exchange their experiences will tend to make similar errors in their testimony, reducing the total value of the information they provide. The standard practice of open discussion gives too much weight to the opinions of those who speak early and confidently, causing others to line up behind them.
* testimony: 증언 ** collusion: 공모, 담합
① 수사에서 목격자의 증언이 가장 중요하다.
② 증거가 많을수록 수사를 진행하기에 수월하다.
③ 집단 평가의 정확성을 감소시키는 원인을 찾아야 한다.
④ 자신감 있게 말하는 목격자의 증언이 가장 신뢰성이 있다.
⑤ 다수의 출처가 서로 독립적일 때 가장 유용한 정보를 얻을 수 있다.
10. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?10)
[201806H2_30지칭추론_변형]
Loneliness can creep into your life as you get older, which is why it’s nice to find some ways to not be lonely. Patrick Arbore knows this, and it’s why he values meaningful conversation. Director and founder of Elderly Suicide Prevention, Arbore, founded the Friendship Line, a 24hour hotline whose volunteers reach out to potentially suicidal seniors. He says,
“What brings me joy is when I can be the listener when someone is hungry for connection.” Arbore remembers one man in particular who was feeling suicidal in his 70’s after his wife’s death. The man spoke with him on the Friendship Line at a stage when he wanted to end his life. After some time he said to him “I am no longer thinking about suicide because people care about me.” Arbore found this exchange profound. “All we did was express caring,”
he says. “Our work is really quite simple. It’s connection and care.”
① the work for volunteers
② welfare for the isolated elderly
③ an effective way to prevent suffering
④ the character of people who get along well
⑤ the importance of expressing interest and meaningful conversation
11. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?11)
[201806H2_31빈칸추론_변형]
Do you advise your kids to keep away from strangers? That’s a tall order for adults. After all, you expand your network of friends and create potential business partners by meeting strangers. Throughout this process, however, analyzing people to understand their personalities is not all about potential economic or social benefit. There is your safety to think about, as well as the safety of your loved ones. For that reason, Mary Ellen O’Toole, who is a retired FBI profiler, emphasizes the need to go beyond a person’s superficial qualities in order to understand them. It is not safe, for instance, to assume that a stranger is a good neighbor, just because they’re polite. Seeing them follow a routine of going out every morning well‑dressed doesn’t mean that’s the whole story. In fact, O’Toole says that when you are dealing with a criminal, even your feelings may fail you. That’s because criminals have perfected the art of manipulation and deceit.
* tall order: 무리한 요구
① Potential Business Clients: the Strangers
② The Strangers: the Natural Born Criminal?
③ The Inside: the Part that You Have to Look at
④ Want Safety? Go beyond the Stranger’s Appearance
⑤ Analyzing the Strangers: Maximizing the Benefit of the Company
2018년 6월 모의고사 <고2>
Type A12. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?12)
[201806H2_32빈칸추론_변형]
“Survivorship bias” is a common logical fallacy. We’re prone to listen to the success stories from survivors because the others aren’t around to tell the tale. A dramatic example from history is the case of statistician Abraham Wald who, during World War Ⅱ, was hired by the U.S. Air Force to determine how to make their bomber planes safer. The planes that returned tended to have bullet holes along the wings, body, and tail, and commanders wanted to reinforce those areas because they seemed to get hit most often. Wald, however, saw that the important thing was that these bullet holes had not destroyed the planes, and what needed more protection were the areas that were not hit. Those were the parts where, if a plane was struck by a bullet, it would never be seen again. His calculations based on that logic are still in use today, and they have saved many pilots.
* fallacy: 오류
① A Miracle Plane
② A False Causal Error
③ World War Ⅱ Tragedy
④ How to Survive the War
⑤ Examples of the Importance of Logic
13. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? 13)
[201806H2_33빈칸추론_변형]
In the early 2000s, British psychologist Richard Wiseman performed a series of experiments with people who viewed themselves as either ‘lucky’(they were successful and happy, and events in their lives seemed to favor them) or ‘unlucky’(life just seemed to go wrong for them). What he found was that the
‘lucky’ people were good at spotting opportunities. In one experiment he told both groups to count the number of pictures in a newspaper. The ‘unlucky’
diligently ground their way through the task; the
‘lucky’ usually noticed that the second page contained an announcement that said: “Stop counting — there are 43 photographs in this newspaper.” On a later page, the ‘unlucky’ were also too busy counting images to spot a note reading: “Stop counting, tell the experimenter you have seen this, and win $250.”
Wiseman’s conclusion was that, when faced with a challenge, ‘unlucky’ people were less flexible. They focused on a specific goal, and failed to notice that other options were passing them by.
① Lucky people always look at the positive side.
② Unlucky people are lazy. but lucky people are diligent.
③ The difference of concentration makes people lucky or unlucky.
④ Lucky and unlucky people have the difference in finding chances
⑤ Lucky people have high social statuses but unlucky people have low social statuses.
14. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?14)
[201806H2_34빈칸추론_변형]
Appreciating the collective nature of knowledge can correct our false notions of how we see the world.
People love heroes. Individuals are given credit for major breakthroughs. Marie Curie is treated as if she worked alone to discover radioactivity and Newton as if he discovered the laws of motion by himself. The truth is that in the real world, nobody operates alone.
Scientists not only have labs with students who contribute critical ideas, but also have colleagues who are doing similar work, thinking similar thoughts, and without whom the scientist would get nowhere. And then there are other scientists who are working on different problems, sometimes in different fields, but nevertheless set the stage through their own findings and ideas. Once we start understanding that knowledge isn't all in the head, that it’s shared within a community, our heroes change. Instead of focusing on the individual, we begin to focus on a larger group.
* radioactivity: 방사능
① Set a Goal, and You will Succeed
② It is Necessary to Make a Personal Effort
③ Those Who Make Breakthroughs are Heroes
④ Similar Thinking is Good to Know Each Other
⑤ It is Helpful to Understand Collective Properties
15. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것 은?15)
[201806H2_35순서추론_변형]
Your story is ① what makes you special. But the tricky part is showing how special you are without talking about yourself. Effective personal branding isn’t about talking about yourself all the time. Although everyone would like to think ② that friends and family are eagerly waiting by their computers hoping to hear some news about what you’re doing, they’re not.
Actually, they’re hoping you’re ③ sat by your computer, waiting for news about them. The best way to build your personal brand is to talk more about other people, events, and ideas than you talk about yourself. By doing so, you promote their victories and their ideas, and you become an influencer. You ④ are seen as someone who is not only helpful, but is also a valuable resource. That helps your brand more than
⑤ if you just talk about yourself over and over.
* tricky: 교묘한, 까다로운
16. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?16)
[201803H2_36순서추론_변형]
Many years ago I visited the chief investment officer of a large financial firm, who had just invested some tens of millions of dollars in the stock of the ABC Motor Company. When I asked how he had made that decision, he replied that he had recently attended an automobile show and had been impressed. He said,
“Boy, they do know how to make a car!” His response made it very clear that he trusted his gut feeling and was satisfied with himself and with his decision. I found it remarkable that he had apparently not considered the one question that an economist would call relevant: Is the ABC stock currently underpriced?
Instead, he had listened to his intuition; he liked the cars, he liked the company, and he liked the idea of owning its stock. From what we know about the accuracy of stock picking, it is reasonable to believe that he did not know what he was doing.
① Financial Firm Never Fails to Succeed
② Investment Decision Made by Gut Feeling
③ What Makes One Succeed : Listen to Reason
④ Why Stock Accuracy Is Crucial for Economists
⑤ Reasonable Thought : The Art of Decision Making
17. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?17)
[201806H2_37문장삽입_변형]
You may be wondering why people prefer to prioritize internal disposition over external situations when seeking causes to explain behaviour. One answer is simplicity. Thinking of an internal cause for a person’s behaviour is easy — the strict teacher is a stubborn person, the devoted parents just love their kids. In contrast, situational explanations can be complex. Perhaps the teacher appears stubborn because she’s seen the consequences of not trying hard in generations of students and wants to develop self-discipline in them. Perhaps the parents who’re boasting of the achievements of their children are anxious about their failures, and conscious of the cost of their school fees. These situational factors require knowledge, insight, and time to think through.
Whereas, jumping to a dispositional attribution is far easier.
* disposition: 성질, 기질
① 시대에 따라서 사람들의 행동을 설명하는 방식은 바뀌 어 왔다.
② 사람들은 복잡한 것보다 단순한 설명을 선호하는 경향 이 있다.
③ 행동의 원인을 설명하는데 상황적 설명보다 내적 기질 이 더 쉽다.
④ 사람은 사회적 동물이어서 사람들의 행동은 주변의 환 경에 영향을 받는다.
⑤ 사람의 행동을 설명하기 위해서는 여러 가지 변수를 고려하는 것이 중요하다.
18. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은?18)
[201806H2_38문장삽입_변형]
A child bounces up to you holding her school work;
perhaps she’s your daughter, cousin, or neighbour. She proudly shows you a big red A at the bottom of her test paper. How do you praise her? For decades, people have been told that praise is ① vital for happy and healthy children and that the most important job in ② rising a child is nurturing her self‑esteem.
Recently, however, some researchers found that how people are praised is very ③ crucial. They discovered that if you say “What a very clever girl you are!” to the child showing you an A, you may cause her more harm than good. For your children to ④ succeed and be happy, you need to convince them that success comes from ⑤ effort, not from some talent that they’re born with or without.
2018년 6월 모의고사 <고2>
Type A19. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은?19)
[201806H2_39무관한문장_변형]
The body has an effective system of natural
① protection against parasites, called the immune system. The immune system is so ② intricate that it would take a whole book to explain it. Briefly, when it senses a dangerous parasite, the body is mobilized to produce special cells, which are ③ conveyed by the blood into battle like a kind of army. Usually the immune system wins, and the person recovers. After that, the immune system remembers the molecular equipment that it developed for that ④ ordinary battle, and any following infection by the same kind of parasite is beaten off so quickly that we don’t notice it. That is why, once you have had a disease like the measles or chicken pox, you’re ⑤ likely to fight against it.
* parasite: 기생충, 균 ** molecular: 분자의
20. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?20)
[201806H2_40요약문추론_변형]
The wife of American physiologist Hudson Hoagland became sick with a severe flu. Dr. Hoagland was curious enough to notice that whenever he left his wife’s room for a short while, she complained that he had been gone for a long time. In the interest of scientific investigation, he asked his wife to count to 60, with each count corresponding to what she felt was one second, while he kept a record of her temperature. His wife reluctantly accepted and he quickly noticed that the hotter she was, the faster she counted. When her temperature was 38 degrees Celsius, for instance, she counted to 60 in 45 seconds.
He repeated the experiment a few more times, and found that when her temperature reached 39.5 degrees Celsius, she counted one minute in just 37 seconds. The doctor thought that his wife must have some kind of ‘internal clock’ inside her brain that ran faster as the fever went up.
① How does an Internal Clock Work?
② Different People, Different Internal Clocks.
③ Hudson Hoagland - a Physiologist and Natural Scientist
④ Repetitive Experiments: Requirements for Scientific Discovery
⑤ The Internal Clock: the Hotter Body Temperature Is, the Faster Time Passes
21. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것 은?21)
[201806H2_18목적추론_변형]
Dear Ms. Blake,
I understand that on May 3, 2018 when you were a guest at our restaurant in the Four Hills Plaza, you experienced an unfortunate incident ① that resulted in a beverage ② being spilled on your coat. Please accept my sincere apology. Unfortunately the staff on duty at the time did not reflect our customer service policy. I ③ have investigated the situation and scheduled additional customer service training for them. We’d like ④ to have you back as a customer so I’m sending you a coupon for two free entrees that can ⑤ use at any of our five locations in New Parkland. Again, my apologies for the incident. I hope you give us the opportunity to make this right.
Sincerely, Barbara Smith
22. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것 은?22)
[201806H2_19주장추론_변형]
Patricia is eager to be the best mom ① that she can be, but she finds parenting a hard task. Here’s how she put it: “Just when I think I have it down, then something changes, and I have to make major adjustments. Parenting well feels ② like a moving target.” Patricia is correct. In fact, much research
③ has done on the developmental stages of childhood. Babies learn to sit up, then crawl, and finally walk. Kids have a greater ability to reason as they get older, and logic makes sense as they move further into preadolescence. A logical implication of these developmental changes is ④ that parents will need to make parenting shifts along the way. In other words, the one strategy to keep in mind as your children grow and change ⑤ is that you must also change to meet their new developmental needs and abilities.
23. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?23)
[201806H2_20심경추론_변형]
While backpacking through Costa Rica, Masami found herself in a bad situation. She had lost all of her belongings, and had only $5 in cash. To make matters worse, because of a recent tropical storm, all telephone and Internet services were down. She had no way to get money, so decided to go knocking door to door, explaining that she needed a place to stay until she could contact her family back in Japan to send her some money. Everybody told her they had no space or extra food and pointed her in the direction of the next house. It was already dark when she arrived at a small roadside restaurant. The owner of the restaurant heard her story and really empathized. Much to her delight, Masami was invited in. The owner said that her son went to Europe many years ago and had a similar experience. At that time, some other people were very kind to him, and she remembered how warm that made her feel. The owner gave her some food, and allowed her to stay there until she could contact her parents.
① How to Break the Bystander Effect
② Why Grateful People Always Succeed
③ Is Frequent Travel Glamorous Or Gloomy?
④ Ripple Effect : Kindness Inspires More Kindness
⑤ Have a Gene That Makes You Desperate to Travel
24. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?24)
[201806H2_21주제추론_변형]
The development of writing was pioneered not by gossips, storytellers, or poets, but by accountants. The earliest writing system has its roots in the Neolithic period, when humans first began to switch from hunting and gathering to a settled lifestyle based on agriculture. This shift began around 9500 B.C. in a region known as the Fertile Crescent, which stretches from modern‑day Egypt, up to southeastern Turkey, and down again to the border between Iraq and Iran.
Writing seems to have evolved in this region from the custom of using small clay pieces to account for transactions involving agricultural goods such as grain, sheep, and cattle. The first written documents, which come from the Mesopotamian city of Uruk and date back to around 3400 B.C., record amounts of bread, payment of taxes, and other transactions using simple symbols and marks on clay tablets.
* transaction: 거래
① 농업이 발달하면서 글쓰기가 발달하였다
② 경제 활동을 위해 초기 글쓰기가 사용되었다
③ 농업적 상품을 거래함으로써 부를 축적하였다
④ 농업은 조상들의 정착생활을 하게 된 이유이다
⑤ 고대의 문서를 통해 그 당시의 경제상황을 알 수 있다
25. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.25)
[201806H2_22제목추론_변형]
Why do you go to the library? For books, yes — and you like books because they tell stories. You hope to get lost in a story or be transported into someone else’s life. At one type of library, you can do just that
— even though there’s not a single book. At a Human Library, people with unique life stories volunteer to be the “books.” For a certain amount of time, you can ask them questions and listen to their stories, which are as fascinating and inspiring as any you can find in a book. Many of the stories have to do with some kind of stereotype. You can speak with a refugee, a soldier suffering from PTSD, and a homeless person.
The Human Library encourages people to challenge their own existing notions — to truly get to know, and learn from, someone they might otherwise make quick judgements about.
* PTSD(Post Traumatic Stress Disorder): 외상 후 스트레스 장애
① other meanings of libraries
② the hidden value of libraries
③ the special form of a library
④ the reason we need to go to library
⑤ the role of books as windows of the world
2018년 6월 모의고사 <고2>
Type A26. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은?26)
[201806H2_23제목추론_변형]
We create a picture of the world using the examples that most ① easily come to mind. This is foolish, of course, because in reality, things don’t happen more frequently just because we can imagine them more easily. Thanks to this prejudice, we travel through life with an ② inaccurate risk map in our heads. Thus, we overestimate the risk of being the victims of a plane
crash, a car accident, or a murder. And we
③ underestimate the risk of dying from less spectacular means, such as diabetes or stomach cancer. The chances of bomb attacks are much rarer than we think, and the chances of suffering depression are much higher. We ④ assign too much likelihood to spectacular, flashy, or loud outcomes. Anything silent or invisible we downgrade in our minds. Our brains imagine impressive outcomes ⑤ less readily than ordinary ones.
* antelope: 영양(羚羊)
27. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?27)
[201806H2_27내용일치_변형]
After earning her doctorate degree from the University of Istanbul in 1940, Halet Cambel fought tirelessly for the advancement of archaeology. She helped preserve some of Turkey’s most important archaeological sites near the Ceyhan River and established an outdoor museum at Karatepe. There, she broke ground on one of humanity’s oldest known civilizations by discovering a Phoenician alphabet tablet. Her work preserving Turkey’s cultural heritage won her a Prince Claus Award. But as well as revealing the secrets of the past, she also firmly addressed the political atmosphere of her present. As just a 20yearold archaeology student, Cambel went to the 1936 Berlin Olympics, becoming the first Muslim woman to compete in the Games. She was later invited to meet Adolf Hitler but she rejected the offer on political grounds.
① Beyond the Gender and Culture
② The Works Done by a Brave Woman
③ The First Muslim Woman in Archaeology
④ The Most Powerful Political Woman in History
⑤ Why Are Women Discriminated in Muslim Countries
28. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?28)
[201806H2_28어법추론_변형]
Getting in the habit of asking questions transforms you into an active listener. This practice forces you to have a different inner life experience, since you will, in fact, be listening more effectively. You know that sometimes when you are supposed to be listening to someone, your mind starts to wander. All teachers know that this happens frequently with students in classes. It’s what goes on inside your head that makes all the difference in how well you will convert what you hear into something you learn. Listening is not enough. If you are constantly engaged in asking yourself questions about things you are hearing, you will find that even boring lecturers become a bit more interesting, because much of the interest will be coming from what you are generating rather than what the lecturer is offering. When someone else speaks, you need to be thought provoking!
* thought provoking: 생각을 불러일으키는
① 청취에 있어서 능동적인 자세를 취해야 한다.
② 내재적 경험을 통해 효과적인 듣기가 완성된다.
③ 구체적인 계획 수립이 청취의 실력을 향상시킨다.
④ 능동적인 청취자세가 긍정적인 효과만 있는 것은 아니다.
⑤ 가장 지루한 공부부터 시작하는 것이 청취실력 향상에 도움이 된다.
29. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 시오.29)
[201806H2_29어휘추론_변형]
Allowing people to influence each other reduces the precision of a group’s estimate. To derive the most useful information from multiple sources of evidence, you should always try to make these sources independent of each other. This rule is part of good police procedure. When there are multiple witnesses to an event, they are not allowed to discuss it before giving their testimony. The goal is not only to prevent collusion by hostile witnesses, it is also to prevent witnesses from each other. Witnesses who exchange their experiences will tend to make similar errors in ther testimony, reducing the total value of the information they provide. The standard practice of open discussion gives too much weight to the opinions of those who speak early and confidently, causing others to line up behind them.
* testimony: 증언 ** collusion: 공모, 담합
① influencing ② informing ③ exchanging
④ arguing ⑤ criticizing
30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것 은?30)
[201806H2_30지칭추론_변형]
Loneliness can creep into your life as you get older, which is ① why it’s nice to find some ways ② to not be lonely. Patrick Arbore knows this, and it’s why he values meaningful conversation. Director and founder of Elderly Suicide Prevention, Arbore, founded the Friendship Line, a 24hour hotline ③ whose volunteers reach out to potentially suicidal seniors. He says,
“What brings me joy is when I can be the listener when someone is hungry for connection.” Arbore remembers one man in particular who ④ were feeling suicidal in his 70’s after his wife’s death. The man spoke with him on the Friendship Line at a stage when he wanted to end his life. After some time he said to him “I am no longer thinking about suicide
⑤ because people care about me.” Arbore found this exchange profound. “All we did was express caring,”
he says. “Our work is really quite simple. It’s connection and care.”
31. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?31)
[201806H2_31빈칸추론_변형]
Do you advise your kids to keep away from strangers? That’s a tall order for adults. After all, you expand your network of friends and create potential business partners by meeting strangers. Throughout this process, however, analyzing people to understand their personalities is not all about potential economic or social benefit. There is your safety to think about, as well as the safety of your loved ones. For that reason, Mary Ellen O’Toole, who is a retired FBI profiler, emphasizes the need to go beyond a person’s superficial qualities in order to understand them. It is not safe, for instance, to assume that a stranger is a good neighbor, just because they’re polite. Seeing them follow a routine of going out every morning well‑dressed doesn’t mean that’s the whole story. In fact, O’Toole says that when you are dealing with a criminal, even your feelings may fail you. That’s because criminals have perfected the art of manipulation and deceit.
* tall order: 무리한 요구
① the ways to avoid criminals
② the process of making friends
③ the risk of strangers to children
④ the conditions of polite neighbors
⑤ the precautions of making friends with strangers
32. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은?32)
[201806H2_32빈칸추론_변형]
“Survivorship bias” is a common logical fallacy. We’re
① prone to listen to the success stories from survivors because the others aren’t around to tell the tale. A dramatic example from history is the case of statistician Abraham Wald who, during World War Ⅱ, was hired by the U.S. Air Force to ② determine how to make their bomber planes safer. The planes that returned tended to have bullet holes along the wings,
body, and tail, and commanders wanted to
③ reinforce those areas because they seemed to get hit most often. Wald, however, saw that the important thing was that these bullet holes had not destroyed the planes, and what needed more protection were the areas that were not hit. Those were the parts where, ④ unless a plane was struck by a bullet, it would never be seen again. His calculations based on that logic are still in ⑤ use today, and they have saved many pilots.
* fallacy: 오류
2018년 6월 모의고사 <고2>
Type A33. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?33)
[201806H2_33빈칸추론_변형]
In the early 2000s, British psychologist Richard Wiseman performed a series of experiments with people who viewed themselves as either ‘lucky’(they were successful and happy, and events in their lives seemed to favor them) or ‘unlucky’(life just seemed to go wrong for them). What he found was that the
‘lucky’ people were good at spotting opportunities. In one experiment he told both groups to count the number of pictures in a newspaper. The ‘unlucky’
diligently ground their way through the task; the
‘lucky’ usually noticed that the second page contained an announcement that said: “Stop counting — there are 43 photographs in this newspaper.” On a later page, the ‘unlucky’ were also too busy counting images to spot a note reading: “Stop counting, tell the experimenter you have seen this, and win $250.”
Wiseman’s conclusion was that, when faced with a challenge, ‘unlucky’ people were less flexible. They focused on a specific goal, and failed to notice that other options were passing them by.
① Which One Is Better, ‘Lucky’ or ‘Unlucky’?
② ‘Unlucky’ People Stick to a Certain Target
③ Different Characteristics of Flexible Thinking
④ Who Regarded Themselves as Lucky in Real Life?
⑤ An Interesting Feature : ‘Lucky’ vs. ‘Unlucky’ People
34. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?34)
[201806H2_34빈칸추론_변형]
Appreciating the collective nature of knowledge can correct our false notions of how we see the world.
People love heroes. Individuals are given credit for major breakthroughs. Marie Curie is treated as if she worked alone to discover radioactivity and Newton as if he discovered the laws of motion by himself. The truth is that in the real world, nobody operates alone.
Scientists not only have labs with students who contribute critical ideas, but also have colleagues who are doing similar work, thinking similar thoughts, and without whom the scientist would get nowhere. And then there are other scientists who are working on different problems, sometimes in different fields, but nevertheless set the stage through their own findings and ideas. Once we start understanding that knowledge isn’t all in the head, that it’s shared within a community, our heroes change. Instead of focusing on the individual, we begin to focus on a larger group.
* radioactivity: 방사능
① 연구의 규모가 커질수록 성과도 좋아진다.
② Newton 혼자서 운동의 법칙을 만들어낸 것이 아니다
③ 지식은 비슷한 생각을 하는 사람들에 의해 공유되어야 한다.
④ 지식은 한 개인에게서 나오는 것이 아니라 집단속에서 공유되며 발전한다.
⑤ 과학자들은 서로 다른 연구를 하면서 의견의 충돌이나 문제가 일어남을 인정한다.
35. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?35)
[201803H6_35순서추론_변형]
Your story is what makes you special. But the tricky part is showing how special you are without talking about yourself. Effective personal branding isn't about talking about yourself all the time. Although everyone would like to think that friends and family are eagerly waiting by their computers hoping to hear some news about what you’re doing, they’re not. Actually, they’re hoping you’re sitting by your computer, waiting for news about them. The best way to build your personal brand is to talk more about other people, events, and ideas than you talk about yourself. By doing so, you promote their victories and their ideas, and you become an influencer. You are seen as someone who is not only helpful, but is also a valuable resource.
That helps your brand more than if you just talk about yourself over and over.
* tricky: 교묘한, 까다로운
① Don't Be Jealous of What Others Have
② Great Storytellers Start from Inner Side
③ Keep Your Eyes on the People Around You
④ Establishing Personal Brand: Forget Yourself
⑤ The Secret of Successful People: Personal Brand
36. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.36)
[201803H2_36순서추론_변형]
Many years ago I visited the chief investment officer of a large financial firm, who had just invested some tens of millions of dollars in the stock of the ABC Motor Company. When I asked how he had made that decision, he replied that he had recently attended an automobile show and had been impressed. He said,
“Boy, they do know how to make a car!” His response made it very clear that he trusted his gut feeling and was satisfied with himself and with his decision. I found it remarkable that he had apparently not considered the one question that an economist would call relevant: Is the ABC stock currently underpriced?
Instead, he had listened to his intuition; he liked the cars, he liked the company, and he liked the idea of owning its stock. From what we know about the accuracy of stock picking, it is reasonable to believe that he did not know what he was doing.
* gut feeling: 직감
① Why ABC car companies succeeded
② How to succeed with stock investment
③ How investors listen to and respond to intuition
④ Factors leading to investments with negative results
⑤ Conditions for selecting a suitable company for investment
37. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?37)
[201806H2_37문장삽입_변형]
You may be wondering why people prefer to prioritize internal disposition over external situations when seeking causes to explain behaviour. One answer is simplicity. Thinking of an internal cause for a person’s behaviour is easy — the strict teacher is a stubborn person, the devoted parents just love their kids. In contrast, situational explanations can be complex. Perhaps the teacher appears stubborn because she’s seen the consequences of not trying hard in generations of students and wants to develop self‑discipline in them. Perhaps the parents who’re boasting of the achievements of their children are anxious about their failures, and conscious of the cost of their school fees. These situational factors require knowledge, insight, and time to think through.
Whereas, jumping to a dispositional attribution is far easier.
* disposition: 성질, 기질
① How to Find a Cause for Your Certain Action
② Relationship Between Internal and External Causes
③ Causes and Effects of a Person's Internal Disposition
④ The Best Way to Find a Cause for a Person’s Behavior
⑤ Simplicity: Why People Prefer Internal over External Causes
38. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다.
빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것 은?38)
[201806H2_38문장삽입_변형]
A child bounces up to you holding her school work;
perhaps she’s your daughter, cousin, or neighbour. She proudly shows you a big red A at the bottom of her test paper. How do you praise her? For decades, people have been told that praise is vital for happy and healthy children and that the most important job in raising a child is nurturing her self‑esteem. Recently, however, some researchers found that how people are praised is very important. They discovered that if you say “What a very clever girl you are!” to the child showing you an A, you may cause her more harm than good. For your children to succeed and be happy, you need to convince them that success comes from effort, not from some talent that they’re born with or without.
Although it is commonly said that praise is (A) for wellbeing of children, the (B) in which it is conducted is of more consequence.
(A) (B)
① useless manner
② useless atmosphere
③ intelligent atmosphere
④ essential manner
⑤ essential phenomenon
2018년 6월 모의고사 <고2>
Type A39. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 시오.39)
[201806H2_39무관한문장_변형]
The body has an effective system of natural
against parasites, called the immune system. The immune system is so complicated that it would take a whole book to explain it. Briefly, when it senses a dangerous parasite, the body is mobilized to produce special cells, which are carried by the blood into battle like a kind of army. Usually the immune system wins, and the person recovers. After that, the immune system remembers the molecular equipment that it developed for that particular battle, and any following infection by the same kind of parasite is beaten off so quickly that we don’t notice it. That is why, once you have had a disease like the measles or chicken pox, you’re unlikely to get it again.
* parasite: 기생충, 균 ** molecular: 분자의
① sense ② attack ③ remedy
④ safeguard ⑤ recovery
40. ‘Hudson Hoagland’에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일 치하지 않는 것은??40)
[201806H2_40요약문추론_변형]
The wife of American physiologist Hudson Hoagland became sick with a severe flu. Dr. Hoagland was curious enough to notice that whenever he left his wife’s room for a short while, she complained that he had been gone for a long time. In the interest of scientific investigation, he asked his wife to count to 60, with each count corresponding to what she felt was one second, while he kept a record of her temperature. His wife reluctantly accepted and he quickly noticed that the hotter she was, the faster she counted. When her temperature was 38 degrees Celsius, for instance, she counted to 60 in 45 seconds.
He repeated the experiment a few more times, and found that when her temperature reached 39.5 degrees Celsius, she counted one minute in just 37 seconds. The doctor thought that his wife must have some kind of ‘internal clock’ inside her brain that ran faster as the fever went up.
① Despite the investigation, he could care for his wife.
② His wife's complaint became the motivation for his experiments.
③ He asked his wife to try counting one minute without any accurate watches.
④ His wife guessed a shorter period than it really was.
⑤ He concluded that the biological clock would accelerate with fever.
41. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?41)
[201806H2_18목적추론_변형]
Dear Ms. Blake,
I understand that on May 3, 2018 when you were a guest at our restaurant in the Four Hills Plaza, you experienced an unfortunate incident that resulted in a beverage being spilled on your coat. Please accept my sincere apology. ① Unfortunately the staff on duty at the time did not reflect our customer service policy.
② The organization has provided staff with formal training and certifications. ③ I have investigated the situation and scheduled additional customer service training for them. ④ We’d like to have you back as a customer so I’m sending you a coupon for two free entrees that can be used at any of our five locations in New Parkland. ⑤ Again, my apologies for the incident. I hope you give us the opportunity to make this right.
Sincerely, Barbara Smith
42. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오. 42)
[201806H2_19주장추론_변형]
A logical implication of these developmental changes is that parents will need to make parenting shifts along the way.
Patricia is eager to be the best mom she can be, but she finds parenting a hard task. ( ① ) Here’s how she put it: “Just when I think I have it down, then something changes, and I have to make major adjustments. Parenting well feels like a moving target.”
( ② ) Patricia is correct. In fact, much research has been done on the developmental stages of childhood.
( ③ ) Babies learn to sit up, then crawl, and finally walk. ( ④ ) Kids have a greater ability to reason as they get older, and logic makes sense as they move further into preadolescence. ( ⑤ ) In other words, the one strategy to keep in mind as your children grow and change is that you must also change to meet their new developmental needs and abilities.
43. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오. 43)
[201806H2_20심경추론_변형]
Much to her delight, Masami was invited in.
While backpacking through Costa Rica, Masami found herself in a bad situation. She had lost all of her belongings, and had only $5 in cash. ( ① ) To make matters worse, because of a recent tropical storm, all telephone and Internet services were down. ( ② ) She had no way to get money, so decided to go knocking door to door, explaining that she needed a place to stay until she could contact her family back in Japan to send her some money. ( ③ ) Everybody told her they had no space or extra food and pointed her in the direction of the next house. ( ④ ) It was already dark when she arrived at a small roadside restaurant.
The owner of the restaurant heard her story and really empathized. ( ⑤ ) The owner gave her some food, and allowed her to stay there until she could contact her parents.
44. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?44)
[201806H2_21주제추론_변형]
The development of writing was pioneered not by gossips, storytellers, or poets, but by accountants. The earliest writing system has its roots in the Neolithic period, when humans first began to switch from hunting and gathering to a settled lifestyle based on agriculture. This shift began around 9500 B.C. in a region known as the Fertile Crescent, which stretches from modern‑day Egypt, up to southeastern Turkey, and down again to the border between Iraq and Iran.
Writing seems to have evolved in this region from the custom of using small clay pieces to account for transactions involving agricultural goods such as grain, sheep, and cattle. The first written documents, which come from the Mesopotamian city of Uruk and date back to around 3400 B.C., record amounts of bread, payment of taxes, and other transactions using simple symbols and marks on clay tablets.
* transaction: 거래
① entrepreneurs ② accountants ③ architects
④ economists ⑤ alchemists
2018년 6월 모의고사 <고2>
Type B45. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.45)
[201806H2_22제목추론_변형]
Many of the stories have to do with some kind of stereotype.
Why do you go to the library? For books, yes — and you like books because they tell stories. You hope to get lost in a story or be transported into someone else’s life. ( ① ) At one type of library, you can do just that — even though there’s not a single book.
( ② ) At a Human Library, people with unique life stories volunteer to be the “books.” ( ③ ) For a certain amount of time, you can ask them questions and listen to their stories, which are as fascinating and inspiring as any you can find in a book. ( ④ ) You can speak with a refugee, a soldier suffering from PTSD, and a homeless person. ( ⑤ ) The Human Library encourages people to challenge their own existing notions — to truly get to know, and learn from, someone they might otherwise make quick judgements about.
* PTSD(Post Traumatic Stress Disorder): 외상 후 스트레스 장애
46. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.46)
[201806H2_23제목추론_변형]
The chances of bomb attacks are much rarer than we think, and the chances of suffering depression are much higher.
We create a picture of the world using the examples that most easily come to mind. This is foolish, of course, because in reality, things don’t happen more frequently just because we can imagine them more easily. ( ① ) Thanks to this prejudice, we travel through life with an incorrect risk map in our heads.
( ② ) Thus, we overestimate the risk of being the victims of a plane crash, a car accident, or a murder.
( ③ ) And we underestimate the risk of dying from less spectacular means, such as diabetes or stomach cancer. ( ④ ) We attach too much likelihood to spectacular, flashy, or loud outcomes. ( ⑤ ) Anything silent or invisible we downgrade in our minds. Our brains imagine impressive outcomes more readily than ordinary ones.
* antelope: 영양(羚羊)
47. Halet Cambel에 대한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하 지 않는 것은?47)
[201806H2_27내용일치_변형]
After earning her doctorate degree from the University of Istanbul in 1940, Halet Cambel fought tirelessly for the advancement of archaeology. She helped preserve some of Turkey’s most important archaeological sites near the Ceyhan River and established an outdoor museum at Karatepe. There, she broke ground on one of humanity’s oldest known civilizations by discovering a Phoenician alphabet tablet. Her work preserving Turkey’s cultural heritage won her a Prince Claus Award. But as well as revealing the secrets of the past, she also firmly addressed the political atmosphere of her present. As just a 20yearold archaeology student, Cambel went to the 1936 Berlin Olympics, becoming the first Muslim woman to compete in the Games. She was later invited to meet Adolf Hitler but she rejected the offer on political grounds.
① 1940년에 이스탄불 대학에서 박사학위를 받았다.
② 가장 오래되었다는 페니키아 문자판을 발견했다.
③ 동시대의 정치적 분위기에 대해 연설하곤 했다.
④ 무슬림 여성으로 올림픽에 처음으로 참가했다.
⑤ Adolf Hitler의 초대를 정치적 이유로 거절했다.
