Sro|phu+Nruhd,/#Yro1#64/#Qr1#6/#ss#5480553/#533:# # #
C «#
Ö##v>öj¶.#wFöË#Öbò#+C#Ê#©#Ò#S Ëj# Ê# ö# ¯vò# Ã6# ÂÎÞ# .# z*2Ö#
N# ¶¶#«.ò~1#ö#Ëb#³Ú#"â¯ö#wFöË#Öb Þ#?v#Z'Öö#NNj¶#Ã6ò2#ö#¶b#Þ#Oò#
S¯#[2#?Êj#ºwÖö#ò&#ò.#Þ#?#ò.#
ÖN~#¶¶²N#î~1#ªö/#Ö#Nò#Êj¶^#
zdwhu0lq0rlo0lq0zdwhuÚ# ³Ú# grxeoh# hpxovlrq/# vroyhqw#
ÑBY#¶.#Õ´#o#ì ô2&##þÌ#U¿&#§³#
Q$\_0\ìR%#
«óóê#ó#îóz&Fó#
+533:Þ#5n#5#«²/#533:Þ#7n#6#Þw,#
Hohfwurvsud|lqj#ri#Plfur2Qdqr#Sduwlfohv#iru#Surwhlq#Guxj#Gholyhu|#
Ml#\rxq#\rr/#Plq|rxqj#Nlp/#dqg#Mrqjkzl#Ohh%#
Ghsduwphqw#ri#Fkhplfdo#Hqjlqhhulqj#dqg#Pdwhuldov#Vflhqfh/#Fkxqj0Dqj#Xqlyhuvlw|/# # 554#Khxnvhrn0Grqj/#Grqjmdn0Jx/#Vhrxo/#Nruhd#
+Uhfhlyhg#Iheuxdu|#5/#533:>dffhswhg#Dsulo#6/#533:,#
Öö#¢[²N/##j¶#ÊÎ/Þ#Cò#Ëb#Öò#2kÞ#v^ò~1#B#Ëb#æÞ#
/#ÓÚ#s/#ÊÎö#òz#>:J/#F¦ö>+SFO,/#F+j¦#Fö,+SHJ,##kÖbö#
FC²b~1#BÂÞ#öö#,Ê##Îûò#Ê^^/#º'/#Êêö#Êò#F##³Ú#Z²~
#F²b~1#>:J#v>öj¶#*#Êj#ö#¯#Z²ò#?Ú#º'#@Nb²÷/#*#k#Fò#
F#æR²÷#*#Ê#ª&ò.#Þ#æ#²#"b~1#SFO#v>öj¶.#/#ÊÎò#WJ#º'#@N b²÷/#s/#ÊÎò#WJ#NÚ##Öbò#º'Þ#²÷#*#Ê#7ò.#Þ#ïú#²#"b~1#
ÊÎ#*j¶#w˶#¢Ê#*~Ú#Ú#*#Ê##Ö2/#~#kj#^"Þ#æ#*~
#ëk².#W?#"b~1#ö#ÊÎ/j¶#SFO/#SHJ/#>:JÞ#FCö#æò#B#2#kÚ#
45#nY#[j¶#ËÖö#Næ~1#
Devwudfwñ Wkh#frqwuro#ri#wkh#vxuidfh#hqhuj|#e|#hohfwurk|gurg|qdplf#irufh#surylghv#hohfwurvsud|lqj#
zlwk#ydulrxv#srwhqwldo#dgydqwdjhv#vxfk#dv#vlpsoh#sduwlfoh#vl}h#frqwuro/#prqr0glvshuvlw|/#kljk#uhfryhu|/#
dqg#plog#surfhvvlqj#frqglwlrqv1#Wkh#dgydqwdjhv#duh#txlwh#khosixo#wr#lpsuryh#wkh#vwdelolw|#ri#surwhlq#guxj#
dqg# frqwuro# lwv# uhohdvh1# Khuhlq/# wkh# qdqr0hqfdsvxodwlrq# ri# surwhlq# guxjv# xvlqj# hohfwurvsud|lqj# zdv#
lqyhvwljdwhg1#Doexplq#dv#d#prgho#surwhlq#zdv#surfhvvhg#xvlqj#xqld{ldo#dqg#fr0d{ldo#hohfwurvsud|lqj/#dqg#
fklwrvdq/#sro|fdsruodfwrqh#+SFO,/#dqg#sro|+hwk|ohqh#jo|fro,+SHJ,#zhuh#xvhg#dv#hqfdsvxodwlrq#pdwhuldov1#
Wkh#pdmru#surfhvvlqj#sdudphwhuv#vxfk#dv#wkh#frqgxfwlylw|#ri#vsud|lqj#oltxlgv/#iorz#udwh/#wkh#glvwdqfh#ri#
hohfwulfdo#srwhqwldo#judglhqw/#hwf#zhuh#phdvxuhg#wr#rewdlq#wkh#pd{lpxp#hiilflhqf|1#Lq#wkh#fklwrvdq#v|vwhpv/#
phdq#sduwlfohv#vl}h#ghfuhdvhv#dv#iorz#udwh#dqg#wkh#glvwdqfh#ehwzhhq#qr}}oh#dqg#wkh#froohfwlqj#sduw#
ghfuhdvhv1# Lq# wkh# xqld{ldo# whfkqltxh# ri# wkh# SFO# v|vwhpv/# phdq# sduwlfohv# vl}h# ghfuhdvhv# dv# iorz# udwh#
ghfuhdvhv1#Lq#wkh#frd{ldo#whfkqltxh#ri#wkh#SFO#v|vwhpv/#lw#zdv#irxqg#wkdw#wkh#sduwlfohv#vl}h#jhwv#odujhu#
xqghu#wkh#dssolfdwlrq#ri#wkh#kljkhu#udwlr#ri#lqqhu0wr0rxwhu#oltxlg#iorz#udwhv1#Wkh#sulpdu|#sduwlfohv#iruphg#
rxw#ri#dq#hohfwurvsud|lqj#qr}}oh#vkrzhg#qduurz#sduwlfoh#vl}h#glvwulexwlrq/#exw#rqfh#wkh|#duulyhg#wr#wkh#
froohfwlqj#sduw/#djjuhjdwlrq#ehkdylru#zdv#revhuyhg#reylrxvo|1#Hiilflhqw#qdqr0hqfdsvxodwlrq#ri#doexplq#zlwk#
SFO/#SHJ/#dqg#fklwrvdq#zdv#frqyhqlhqwo|#dfklhyhg#xvlqj#hohfwurvsud|lqj#dw#deryh#45#nY1#
/
Nh|zrugvñ#hohfwurvsud|lqj/#fklwrvdq/#qdqrsduwlfohv/#guxj#gholyhu|/#surwhlq1
RWr#zkrp#fruuhvsrqghqfh#vkrxog#eh#dgguhvvhg1# # H0pdlo=#mrqjCfdx1df1nu
549 ºZÌÚ̲#
h{wudfwlrq2hydsrudwlrq# ò# Ã/# z*# ~RG># âj# ö² Ë#ÖbÞ#kv>.#¶¶²N#Â#Ã/~~1406#2/#Bz#
WJj¶#~cò#ºÊC~#ÓÚ#^ö˶ò#FC2#^ö#Ê
^#j¢Z#Þ##ò.#Ã/~ö#&#wNöËÞ#Þ#²#"
.#Ëb#Öj#Cò.#hÚ#N¾Z#"N#î~17##
öj#¶¶²Ê#v+ö#ÊÎ/+hohfwurvsud|lqj,Ú#ö^
ò#¯Öö#Ëb#³Ú#ÖÞ#ºö#Ö#*#¶
ò.#böN#Ã/Öö##?ËÞ#z#"~180:##Ã/Ú#
sâ# O# ¯cÃ2# î/# ¢'# 2# *ò# wË/# Ëb#
GQD#³Ú#wîó#Öbò#bc#·2##·#ò#j#
C²NÒ#î~1;/<#z*#j¶.#ºF#Ã/#ÊÃF+hohf0 wurvslqqlqj,#FCò#2ƺ#¶ò.##ªF#N Ò#îb~1#43##
ÊÎ/Ú#N*#¯^ò#Ê^^#Z.#z*#Cû#
Þ#BÒj#ö#^#BÒj#Ê?Þ##¯Ê¿Þ#
ò#Ò*+plvw,#¶wv>.#Ã/~1#Ê?#`.#*#
6j¶#Cû#öò#ï¿#c¯Ú#¯²¿ó#ï¿#BÒ#ï¿
ò# c¯# ¯Ë²Zf/#ÊÎò#WJ.# ö# òj# òö#¯
Ê¿j# òö# ï¿#.¶~1#ïÞ# ªÂ# 7vÊÞ# æ# Ê¿
#ªÂ#ö?¿~#~Z&#²/#J#S¯#ï#[j¶#Ê
Î#v+¶~1##ÊÎj.#gulsslqj#Bv/#frqh0mhw#Bv#
Bv#â¯Öö#J#ûÞ#¶wv>.#Öö#æ¾Ò#"~1##
Frqh0mhw#Bvò#WJj/#²[Öö#òö#BÒ#÷j#Î#û
Ú#«¿#ö?¿#Fj#c¯Þ#N#²¯#ÃRÞ#¯Ëò
ò#ª.#§*#Ê?#ÊÏ#Cû#F#^j#º^¶~1#
.#ò#ª.#§*#²¶ö#ö?¿#²².# Þ#¶wvB~1#
ʶ# BÒ# ÷j# ~¾# ".# Cûò# ²¯# öÚ# Wd|oru#
frqhÖö# æ¾^# j.¯# B+Öö# 2N2&# ²z/# N># ^# Ê?#ÒÊj¶##²¶#¯Ê¿#ö?¿Þ#ò&#²¶#ò
¶#Cûò#mhw#Wd|oru#frqh#÷j¶#Ã6ò&#²./#ª^#
HÚ#Cûò#WJ#ö?¿Öö###mhwÚ#Ò#ÃRö#Fò
&#¶~143##
ÊÎ/Ú#Ê^#?ò~#*ò#¯vÚ##¶ò#
¶+òÊ#Còz#¶w¶#*~#J##b#²#"Þj#
Þb#²#2Êj¶#²Ë#böÊæZ#~+ö#Êò#
*#¶òÊ#~J#Cö#²j#v>ö#*Nò#ºc#f3#
&c# j# ò# ¶w*c# +Ú# #F# ª~1#Fæ Z#^#¶#~²#.#û[#plvwò#¶w/#ûNò#ê#j#
ö#j#k«²N#îz/#~b#ëC#?ö#*/#S#Ö#
N#*j#ö#.#ò#`~144/45#
# j¶.# Ëb# Öò# 4^# 2kÞ# # /
+xqld{ldo,#s/+fr0d{ldo,#ÊÎ/Þ#v^ò~1#kÞ#
ö#z*#ÖbÚ#²CË#+ò#Z.#>:J+fklwrvdq,/#
wË#wNËÞ#Zz#".#F¦ö>+SFO,/#
Fz#F+j¦#Fö,+SHJ,Þ#FCòÖ/#B#ËbÚ#
&¢G#æ+erylqh#vhuxp#doexplq/#EVD,Þ#FCò~1#Ë
# Ö2z*# Nò# ¶# ò# º'/# ï/#
/ ##
'È1RFF>2R+wulsro|skrvskdwh/#WSS,/#&#¢G#æ
+erylqh#vhuxp#doexplq/#EVD/#Pz#98333,/#òvöö Þ#Úö¾>+k|gursurs|o#fhooxorvh/#KSF/#Pz#43333,/#F
¦ö>+sro|fdsurodfwrqh/#SFO/#Pz#43/333275833,/#F+j
¦#Fö,+sro|+hwk|ohqh#jo|fro,/#SHJ/#Pz#8333,/#F+Þ j#æîÆ,+Sro|+ylq|o#dofrkro,/#SYD/#Pz#:33330433333,/#
>:J+fklwrvdq/#phglxp#prohfxodu#zhljkw,Ú#Vljpd0Dogulfk#
Fkhp+Vw1#Orxlv1/#PR/#XVD,j¶#ò~1#Vrglxp#grghf|o#
vxoidwh+VGV,.# Ilvkhu# Vflhqwlilf+Slwwvexujk/# XVD,j¶#
òÖ/#ÞÒ>/#î^Æ/#î¦öv.#Gxnvdq#Sxuh#
Fkhplfdo#Fr1+Dqvdq/#J|hrqjjl/#Vrxwk#Nruhd,/#Fz#ÞÒR J+<<18(,Ú#Vdpfkxq#Sxuh#Fkhplfdo#Fr1+S|rqjwdfn/#J|hrqjjl/#
Vrxwk#Nruhd,j¶#ò~1#ÖÚ#KSOF£+M1#W1#Ednhu,Þ#¯
¶#`#FCò~1##
¿·§2ãÃ#ÐÛ#g»1
O{Ï#/##ð£ÜÊÎ#v>öò#~r#?ò.#Iljxuh#4 j¶#z#"~1#/#ÊÎ#v>öÚ#ÊÎ#CûÞ#8#pO#
FÊ+*#59#&Z>#NW#3154#pp,#âj#½Ú#^##*j#GF#
zï+3b68#nY28pD/#FrqyhuwWhfk/#QWVHH/#Jzdqjmx/#Vrxwk#
Nruhd,# Jv>z/# «ZÚ# J¶# Fª# ?òN# ".#
k+froohfwlqj#edwk,#583#pO#Þ~#*#Þ2j#-.~1#
#æ#F#&+NGV#433#prgho/#ngVflhqwlilf/#Kroolvwrq/#PD,.#
z*#CûÞ#¯^#ºcÖö#£òÊ##FC²b~1#ªö#s /#ÊÎ#v>öÚ#*+4<#&Z>#NW#319#pp,#Nj#ª#~
#*+59#&Z>#NW#3154#pp,Þ#³Ú#/Öö#½z##*
j#GF#zï#Jv>z##.#/#~rò#WJÚ#sò~1##
!à#O{Ïà#¿ô§# ¿·§2ãÃ#ÐÛ#g»1
ïëû# ÐÛ# EVDÇ# ³k§# ïëû# ÐÛ# g»ÜF# ÖbÚ#
)LJXUH#Vfkhpdwlf#gldjudp#ri#hohfwurvsud|lqj#dssdudwxv1
Ëb#Ö#Þ#ö#bö22#*ò#ÊÎ#¶/ 54:
31<#zw(#ÞÒRJ#Cûj#CvB#4#zw(#>:J#Cû/#Fz##
>:J#Cû#314#zw(#EVD#CûÞ#4=4#ÖÞö#¸Ú#EVD#
ºö#>:J#Cû~1#>:J#*#z¯î#CûÚ#æò#Z .#WSS#²Cû#ÓÚ#ºÊC~#î^ÆÞ#FCò./#WSS.#7 ò²j#~+ö#'^+31523135231335231333523133335#zw(,ö#C
vÊÖ/#ºÊC~#î^Æj.#⯶#KSF#4#zw(#'^
# ²^÷# CvÊ~1##FÖbÞ# z¯î#Cûj# # Z²#
~+ò&#Zîv>#ö#v#sâ#Îò~1##
SFO#ÐÛ#g»Üî¦öv+phwk|ohqh#fkorulgh/#PF, j#CvB#5(+z2y,#SFO+Pz#75833#j2pro,#CûÞ#skrvskdwh#
exiihu#vdolqh+SEV/#sK#:17,#Cûj#~+ö#º'Öö#ö#v#sâ#
Îò#*#¶ò~1##
à#O{Ïà#¿ô§# ¿·§2ãÃ#ÐÛ#g»1N#Öbö .#7ò²j#CvB#6#zw(#SHJ#Cû/##SHJ#Cû#7ò²j#
CvB#314(#EVD#CûÞ#4+4#ÖÞö#Öö#CûÞ#FCò
~1#Fz#Öbö.#î¦övj#CvB#4#zw(#
SFO+Pz#43333#j2pro,#CûÞ#FCòz/#J¶#ª.#z¯î#
CûÚ#4#pPò#VGV#Cû#318#zw(#SYD#CûÞ#FCò~1#
~+ö#NÚ#Öbò#º'Þö#ö#v#sâ#Îò#EVD2#
SHJ#ºö#SFO#*#¶ò~1##
ÐÛ# ÏD1 *#Ê#.#OD#<43+Kruled/#N|rwr/#Mdsdq,#
¢#«JÊ+Plh#)#Iudxqkrihu/#Uhodwlyh#Uhiudfwlrq#Lqgh{@#
4,#FCò#²Ë#j¶#»¯ò~1#*#Ê#·#v#FC
¶#¢æ¦#JÊò##¿Ú#73#Z+6<#nK},z#ê²#'^Ú#
¶ò#'^.#673#pO2plq~1#¶¶#*ò#BöZ#»ò Ê##ºFª#j#*#J¶#CûÞ#ö#ÃR#BNÂJ#^#57 v#sâ#^#vÊ~1##j#Ë¢0®jÞ#91:#qp2plq#
'^ö#453¢#îò#7#nY#òj¶#F#*#W#
V07:33+KLWDFKL/#Wrn|r/#Mdsdq,Þ#FCò#Fò~1##
EVD# %«+Hqwudsphqw# Hiilflhqf|,1 ÊÎö# ¶¶# b
ö22#*#N#EVDò#kúÞ#æÞÊ#/#EFD#+elflq0 fkrqlqlf#dflg,#dvvd|/Þ#Cò~1##¯Ú#Fx.5##Fx.4ö#
®¦.#elxuhw#uhdfwlrqÞ#j#Fx.4#EFDÚ#îÖÞ#¯Ëò#
cÞ#Nz#895#qpj¶#û²#N6~1#Ö#EVD#ö#r¦
.#48333#usp/#53#~j¶#6v#sâ#jFö#^##[ûÞ#
Þò~1##r¦Þ#plfursodwhj#483#2OÃ#½z#58+57+4 ò#ÞÂö#Ö#¶ö#plfur#EFD#v#D/#E/#F#483#2OÃ#B
ö#^#æ#Òj#z#6:18#~j¶#5v#sâ#½Nêb~1#
#plfursodwh#plfursodwh#uhdghu+JHQlrv/#Whfdq/#Vzlw}huodqg, j#½z#8<8#qpj¶#»¯ò~1#EVD#k#BÂÚ#~æ#³#^
J²b~1##
#
433 +(,
Hiilflhqf|
# lrq Hqfdsvxodw
#
EVD K
D E 0
D #
#
ʶ#D.#FC¶#EVDò#·#+/#E.#*#N#º²Z#äÚ#EVD ò#+~1##
ûG#Z#ë«#
ïëû# ¿·§2ãÃ#ÐÛ£#g»1æÞ#ºö#>:J#b
ö22#*.#/#ÊÎ/j#ò#~+ö##j¶#
Îò# ËÖö# ¶²b~1# Wdeoh# 4Ú# ¯# Z²~ò# >:
J#cz#*#Êj#ö#?Þ#¯Fö#~1#WSS#Cûj#ò ö#z¯îò#WJ#>:J#Cûò#£#'^+iorz#udwh,j#Ê#*#
Êò#Â.#6Ñö#[#^# `.# Öö# ~1#£'^
#4#pO2ku#æ#¶òz.#ºFö#*#Ê#z#"~1#
Wdeoh#4j¶#k+WSS#Cû,Ú#*#Fò#F+glvwdqfh,#
N~²÷#>:J#cz#*#Ê#ª&ò.#Þ#ïú#²#"
~1#.#>:J#Cû#¯Ê# j#ò#ζ#^##z¯
îv>#&²ò.#kj#F#^ú#²÷#Ò#û~#ëk º# ïú# N~Ê# æÒ#Öö# Ff¶~1#.# ïò# W J#;j¶#47nYö#7j#Ê#N^#*#Êò#Zî#`
.#Öö#~1##Îò##Wd|oru#frqh#¯Ëº#²#
".#ÊÎò##Nj#~N¾##*ò#Ê.#ö#z¯
î².#2# û~ò# >^j# ?Þ# µ.#Öö#~1#
ö#J~Ú#ÊβN#*Þ#:2.#[vj¶ò#Â#*
+sulpdu|#sduwlfoh,~ò#Ê#Þf#~ò#ëk¯vò#*#Ê
#»¯òz#"æÞ#îvö~1##
C~+phwkdqro,j#òö#z¯îò#WJ#>:J#Cûò#£#'^
7DEOH (IIHFW RI 3URFHVVLQJ 3DUDPHWHUV RQ WKH 0HDQ 3DUWLFOH
6L]HVRIWKH&KLWRVDQ6\VWHPV
Hohfwur0vsud|hg#
pdwhuldov+zw(,#
Glvshuvdqwv#
+zw(,#
Iorz#udwh#
+pO2ku,#
Yrowdjh#
+nY,#
Glvwdqfh#
+g/#fp,#
Phdq#sduwlfoh#
vl}h+V1G1,+2p,#
315# 43# 6# 416+318,#
317# 43# 6# 419+;13,#
319# 43# 6# 41;+519,#
31;# 43# 6# 41;+31:,#
WSS#
+318#zw(,#
lq#zdwhu#
4# 43# 6# 4617+:17,#
315# 43# 318# 51:8+716,#
315# 43# 6# ;1<7+:1<,#
315# 43# 8# 4;15+4819,#
315# 43# :# 4<17+<19,#
315# ;# 6# 7176+916,#
315# 43# 6# ;1<7+:1<,#
315# 45# 6# 814:+:13,#
WSS#
+3135#zw(,#
lq#zdwhu#
315# 47# 6# 5189+715,#
314# 45# 6# 6185#+513,#
318# 45# 6# 6144+517,#
4# 45# 6# ;1<<+716,#
418# 45# 6# <1;:+71:,#
5# 45# 6# 4319+71:,#
318# 45# 6# 6144+517,#
318# 45# 8# :1<<+618,#
318# 45# :# 471:+:13,#
318# 45# <# 4;17+4313,#
318# 7# 6# ;133+617,#
318# ;# 6# 81:4+517,#
318# 45# 6# 6144+517,#
Fklwrvdq#
+4#zw(,#
KSF#
+4#zw(,#
lq#phwkdqro#
318# 49# 6# 431;+71;,#
54; ºZÌÚ̲#
#@Nb²÷#cz#*#Ê#N~z/#^#ªö#xqlprgdo j¶#elprgdoò#ö#®¦.#Þ#ïú#²#"b~1#ö#W?
Ú#WSSj#ò#z¯îvF#WJ##'^#*¾#ëk#N:#C
ö#v#".#²#î^ÆÞ#FCö#WJ#z¯î#v#Þ#
ζ#¢Ê#Â#*ò#[v#~#h#²ö#Jz#w
¶~1#2#ö#¶êÚ#[#v#¶êÖö#ö#v>öNj
¶# z¯îÚ# ëkò# '^ò# W[Þ# O# UN^# J# w²#
¢#v#¶êÖö¶ò# Â.# Þf# Öö#~1# #º.#
*ò# ¢# Ê# ¾¾# î^ÆÞ# FCö# WJj# î# ~.#
F~j¶#.»ú#²#"~1##
k#î^Æ#*#Fò#F#æfb²÷#cz#*#
Ê#ª&ò.#Öö#Þ#β.#F#ÒNb²÷#*~
ò# ëk# [# h# N2.# Öö# ª¶~1# # J.# WSS#
CûÞ#FCö#WJÚ#sò~1# kÚ#*# Fò# Ú#ò
~#sÖö#¢»ú#²#".#Jz#ú#²#"~1#2#Z2ò
&#æN#Fj¶#Îú#²#`.#º.#Z2ò&#æR#WJ#
Wd|oru#frqh#*N#C#¶ú#²#`2/#¯Ê#ûN#ö
j#kº#²#`.#[#º#²#"N##~rj¶#~vö#F
~#æN#Fj¶ò#Î.#~bÖö#Cú#²#`b~1##
î^ÆÞ#FCö#WJ^#v#*j#F.#ïò#Ê#cz#
*#Êj##?Þ#òZ#ä.#Öö#¦ß²b~1##/#7b49#
nY# Fò# ïj¶# Cö# Wd|oru# frqh# ¶ò.# Þ# Ê#
ú#²#"b.###Nj¶.#ïò#Â#*ò#ÊÚ#
J²Z.#äò~1##
Iljxuh#5.#WSS#Cûò#'^j#Ê#>:Jò#^^#2 ZR# Öö# WSS# Cûò# '^# ª&ú²÷# # Â.# ÞbZf#
*#Ê#bú#Êj¶#2#Êö#ª&òz/#S#5t 4308#zw(#WJ#2#Ê#j¶#xqlprgdoò#^#2Z Nb~1# ~# '^j¶.# NÖö# elprgdoò# ^# 2Z 2.#Öö#Þ#2#Êò#Â#*#v#ZBj#ʶ#
¶ö#ëk²Ê#æÒ#Öö#.»¶~1#315#zw(#WJj.#43#
bú#¯^j¶#xqlprgdo###Bê#ëk¶#ö#
*~öf#˲N^#Öö#~1#JÖö#Â#*~#B
".##*N#jò.#ëC##¶.#WSSò#'^#,
# ò/#²ö# Â# *j#æN#BöZ# jò.# WJj .#WSSò#'^#öö#H..##ºFö#Öö#~1##
SFO# ¿·§2ãÃ#ÐÛ£#g»1æÞ#ºö#SFO#b
ö22#*.#/#ª.#s/#ÊÎ/j#ò#¯Z²#~
+ò&#ò#ÎÖö#ËÖö#¶²b~1#Wdeoh#5.#SFO ò#cz#*#Êj#ö#¯Z²ò#?Þ#2ZR#~1#/#
ÊÎ/j#ò# SEV# Cûj#ζ# SFOò#cz# *# Ê.#
º'#²ÞÚò#^#2Zb~1#.#Wdeoh#4j¶##W?
N^#Jö#~1###SFO#Îò#WJ.#PF#C~ö#FCò
#Ê^^#&#HÖ#ö##öò#¯Ê#SEV#C ûj#Ö¶#®ö#«Ëî².# ¯Þ#D.~1# ö# #k#
öj¶#hÚ#ëk[#N2#Wdeoh#5j¶##²#".#[
Öö##*#UNZ.#Öö#~1##
s/#ÊÎ/j# ò# VGV# Cûj#ζ# SFOò# cz#*#
Ê.#Nò#SHJ#Cû#ò#SFO#Cûò#£#'^ò#Þ#
7j#Ê#~Z.#Þ#æ#²#"~1#Fz#elprgdoò#^
#Zf/##Êò#*.#¢æ¦#J#vj#Ê#£Cò
&#Nv.#Öö#Þ#433b533#qp#*ò#ëkÖö#ö#
Â#*#Öö#ª¶~1#Ë#fruh#vkhoo#¯vò#*#
¢ö#£#'^#Þj¶#UNb#²#"æÞ#æ#²#"~1#£#'^ò#
Þj#ö#.#¶òZ#äÞ/##Cûò#Ê^^#j^#ª
^/#7¶#'^#©#kj¶ò#s##?Þ#ú#²#".#
;ö#¯Öö#~1##
7DEOH(IIHFWRI3URFHVVLQJ3DUDPHWHUVRQWKH0HDQ3DUWLFOH6L]HVRIWKH3&/6\VWHPV
Hohfwurvsud|hg#pdwhuldov#
+Xqld{ldo,# Glvshuvdqwv# Iorz#udwh#
+pO2ku,# Yrowdjh#
+nY,# Glvwdqfh#
+g/#fp,# Phdq#sduwlfoh#vl}h#
+V1G1,+2p,#
314# 43# 6# 5518#+4413,#
315# 43# 6# 4;1<+<173,#
SFO+Pz#75833,#
5(#z2y#
SEV+sK#:17,#
exiihu#vroxwlrq# 317# 43# 6# 4417+;193,#
Hohfwurvsud|hg#
pdwhuldov#+Frd{ldo,#
Lqqhu#qr}}oh# Rxwhu#qr}}oh#
Glvshuvdqwv# Iorz#udwlr+Lq12Rxw1,#
+pO2ku,# Yrowdjh#
+°,# Glvwdqfh#
+g/#fp,# Phdq#sduwlfoh#vl}h#
+V1G1,+2p,#
3158+31825,# 43# 6# 3145+314,#
318+425,# 43# 6# 314:+315,#
4+3182318,# 43# 6# 315;+315,#
SHJ#
+Pz#8333,#6#zw(#
SFO#
+Pz#43333,#
4#zw(#
VGV+4#pP,#dt1#
vroxwlrq#
6+624,# 43# 6# 31:3+317,#
)LJXUH #Hiihfw#ri# WSS# frqfhqwudwlrq#rq#wkh# sduwlfoh#vl}h#gl0 vwulexwlrq#ri#fklwrvdq1
# 314# 4# 43# 433#
Gldphwhu+plfurq,#
53
48
43
8
3
Iuhtxhqf|+(,#
ZW 733
ZW 733
ZW 733
ZW 733
ZW 733
Ëb#Ö#Þ#ö#bö22#*ò#ÊÎ#¶/ 54<
O{Ï##ÐÛ#ÏD1/#ÊÎ/j#ò#¶¶#>:J#
*ò#VHP#F^Þ#Iljxuh#6j#2ZNb./#^#·#Jj
¶#2Z6#bú#Êò#*.#433b633#qp#Ê#Â#
*#¶ö#ëk²N#¯Ë¶#Öö#ª¶~1#«J/Þ#Oö#*
Ê#»¯j¶.#UÞ#²#`bò#Â#*ò#Ê.#VHP#F^Þ#
O¶#Þê#Ê#?ò~1#kò#Cûò#Âj#Ê# Â#*ò#Ê#Â#6Ñò&#Êú#²#"b./#Iljxuh#6j
¶# WSS# CûÞ# FCòÞ# WJ# î^Æò#WJ~#Æ#+Ú#
Â#*#Ub~1##
Iljxuh#7.#/#ª.#s/#ÊÎ/j#ò#¶¶#SFO#
*~ò# VHP# F^~1# >:Jò# ^# ·# JÚ# bÆZö#
433b533#qp#Êò#Â#*#f~NææÞ#ïú#²#"b
~1# VGV# CûÞ# kj# FCö# WJj.# Â# *ò# J#
î#%Ú#Öö#¦ß¶~1##
Iljxuhv#6#7ò#VHP#Êj¶#òú#ª#"~1#r¦ò#Þ
#*#J¶#ºÖÞ#öÃR#BNÂJ#^#v¶#Þò
æÖö/#.#*~ò#ëk#[v.##sâ#º^¶#ëk#k
Nj¶#¶wö#ëkÞ#Fò#Êú#²#`~1#ªö#Cû#N j#z*#Þ".#î^Æ#~rò#WJ#~cò#z*#v#
·6²N#*#j#~c#Fò#Cû#[vj¶ò#*#Bö ZÚ.#[ö#BOÞ#&#ú#²#"~1##
ÐÛ#ÿ#EVD#%#ós1Iljxuh#8.#ÊÎ/j#ò#¶
¶#z*#*#N#EVD#k#BÂÞ#2ZR#~1#>:J#v>
öj¶.#s/#ÊÎ/j#ò#¶¶###;3(ö#/#
Î/j#ò#¶¶#~#Æ#,Ú#k#BÂÞ#2ZR#²#
SFO#v>öj¶.##48(#¯^ò#NÖö#~&#HÚ#k#B ÂÞ#2ZNb~1#ê#WJ#Bê#s/#ÊÎ#k#BÂÞ#?[#
vF#²#".#Öö#¦ß¶~1#ÞR#^'#~rj¶#s/#Ê
Îò#NÚ##Öbò#º'Þ#²÷#î#,Ú#k#BÂÞ#2 ZN.#Þ#Êú#²#"b~1##
s/#ÊÎò#WJ#â9#*ö#β.#EVD#~#î#B ÂÖö#k²N##*j#β.#Öb#âj#-&#².#
Öö# ~1## J.# ûò# öj# ¯Ê#ö# WJj^#
2æ#Îv#ö#ûNò#[#òj.##Zî#`.#[v
+d,#
+e,#
)LJXUH#VHP#plfurjudskv#ri#wkh#plfur2qdqr#sduwlfohv#ri#fklwr0 vdq=#+d,#EVD0ordghg#fklwrvdq#sduwlfohv#suhsduhg#e|#WSS#vroxwlrq dqg#+e,#EVD0ordghg#fklwrvdq#sduwlfohv#suhsduhg#e|#phwkdqro1
+d,
+e,
)LJXUH #VHP#plfurjudskv#ri#plfur2qdqr#sduwlfohv#ri#SFO=#+d, EVD0ordghg# SFO# qdqrsduwlfohv# suhsduhg# e|# xqld{ldo# hohfwur0 vsud|lqj# dqg# +e,# EVD0ordghg# SFO# qdqrsduwlfohv# suhsduhg# e|
frd{ldo#hohfwurvsud|lqj1
)LJXUH#EVD#hqfdsvxodwlrq#hiilflhqf|#ri#wkh#sduwlfohv#suhsduhg e|#hohfwurvsud|lqj1
xqld{ldo fklwrvdq frd{ldo fklwrvdq xqld{ldo SFO frd{ldo SFO 433
<3
;3 :3 93 83 73 63 53 43 3
EVD#hqfdsvxodwlrq#hiilflhqf|+(,#
553 ºZÌÚ̲#
ö#Òö#ûÖö#².#Þ#òò/#.#ÊÎj#ö#
Êò#zÚ#òö~1:##B.#ºÊC~#FCö#SFO#WJ j.# &# ª&ò./# .# ºÊC~Ú# ÖÞ# svj# Îò.#
WJj.#ê#ûNò#[#ò#ZW²N#b#²^#"æÞ#ò
ÂÚ/#C^#Âj¶#Êú#²^#".##~+ö#jÞ#NN
#²#"~1#JÖö#s/#Îò#WJ#B#kÞ#¶
.#¢ö#Cûò#ºw#Þ²Þ#æ#²#"~1##
#
û «#
#
EVD#ºö#>:J#SFOò#bö22#*.#ÊÎ /Þ#Cò#ËÖö#¶²b~1#>:J#v>öj¶#*#
Êj#ö# ¯#Z²ò# ?Ú#º'# @Nb²÷/# *#k#
Fò#F#æR²÷#*#Ê#ª&ò.#Þ#æ#²#"b
ò#ïj¶#*#ËÖö#¯Ë².#Þ#æ#²#"b~1#
.# WSS# Cûj# òö# z¯î2# C~j# òö# z¯îj¶#ºFò&#
2ZF~1#SFO#v>öj¶.#/#ÊÎò#WJ#º'#@Nb
²÷/# s/#ÊÎò# WJ# NÚ## Öbò# º'Þ# ²÷#
*#Ê#7ò.#Þ#ïú#²#"b~1#NÖö#*#
#elprgdoÞ#æ#²#"Ö/#.#2#Êò#Â#*#v
#ZBj#Ê#¶ö#ëk²Ê#æÒ#Öö#ª¶~1#*#N#
EVD#k#BÂÚ#>:J#v>öj¶.#/#ÊÎö#¶¶#
~#s/#ÊÎö#¶¶##Æ#î#,Ú#k#BÂÞ#2Z bÖ2/#[Öö#SFO#v>öj¶.##48(#¯^ò#HÚ#k#
BÂÞ#2Zb~1##
#
[÷£# KÜ# .# 5339Þ^# «óóê# óºÞ+²
Þ,#Zjj#òö#Öö#j#ªFvWb~1##
S + #
#
# 41#\1#Rjdzd/#P1#\dpdprwr/#K1#Rndgd/#W1#\dvklnl/#dqg#W1#D1#
Vklpdprwr/#Fkhp1#Skdup1#Exoo1/#/#43<8#+4<;;,1#
# 51#U1#Doh{#dqg#U1#Ergphlhu/#M1#Plfurhqdsvxo1/#/#67:#+4<;<,1#
# 61#U1#Odqjhu/#Qdwxuh/#/#8#+4<<;,1#
# 71#D1# Odpsuhfkw/# Q1# Xeulfk/# P1# K1# Shuh}p/# F1# P1# Ohku/# P1#
Kriipdq/#dqg#S1#Pdlqfhqw/#Lqw1#M1#Skdup1/#/#<:#+4<<<,1#
# 81#E1#J1#Dpvghq#dqg#P1#I1#D1#Jrrvhq/#M1#Frqwuro1#Uhohdvh/#/#
4;6#+4<<:,1#
# 91#V1#P1#Nxr/#J1#Qlx/#V1#M1#Fkdqj/#F1#K1#Nxr/#dqg#P1#V1#Edlu/#M1#
Dsso1#Sro|p1#Vfl1/#/#5483#+5337,1#
# :1#L1# J1# Orvfhuwdohv/# D1# Eduuhur/# L1# Jxhuuhur/# U1# Fruwlmr/# P1#
Pdutxhv/# dqg# D1# P1# Jdqdq# Fdoyr/# Vflhqfh/# /# 49<8#
+5335,1#
# ;1#N1#Wdqj#dqg#D1#Jrph}/#M1#Dhurvro#Vfl1/#/#456:#+4<<7,1#
# <1#M1# F1# Lmvhdhuw/# N1# E1# Jhhuvh/# M1# P1# Pdulmqlvvhq/# M1# Z1# M1#
Odpphuv/# dqg# S1# ]dqhq/# M1# Dsso1# Sro|p1# Vfl1/# /# 5483#
+5337,1#
431# G1# K1# Uhqhnhu# dqg# L1# V1# Fkxq/# Qdqrwhfkqrorj|/# /# 549#
+4<<9,1##
441# G1#R1#Nlp/#G1#K1#Ohh/#V1#V1#\rrq/#V1#D1#Ohh/#dqg#M1#G1#Qdp/#
Sro|phu+Nruhd,/#/#<3#+5339,1#
451# V1#M1#Sdun/#\1#V1#Ndqj/#K1#\1#Nlp/#\1#M1#U|x/#dqg#G1#U1#Ohh/#
Sro|phu+Nruhd,/#/#693#+5335,1#
#