발간사
2017년 5월 새로 출범한 문재인 정부에서 처음으로 발간되는 기상연감의 첫머리로 만나 뵙게 되어 영광으로 생각합니다. 우리 기상청은 새 정부의 국정과제 중 단독 주관과제 1개를 포함하여 총 4개의 실천과제(지진으로부터 국민안전 확보, 맞춤형 스마트 기상정보 제공, 재난 예･경보 시스템 구축, 기후변화 적응능력 제고)를 주재하게 되었습니다. 이번 정부 임기 기간인 5년 동안 기상청은 국가 발전을 위한 국정운영 계획이자 국민과의 약속인 이 과제들을 책임있게 이행하여 국민과 국가에 더욱 중요한 기상청으로 거듭날 수 있도록 노력하겠습니다.
지난 한 해는 여러 굵직한 기상·지진 이슈가 있었던 해였습니다. 기후변화로 인해 갈수록 국지성 호우, 가뭄, 이상고온 등 이상 기상현상이 빈번히 발생하고, 이로 인해 국민들이 신체적·물적 피해를 보기도 하였습니다. 특히 장마철에는 국지성 호우의 형태로 중부지방에 강수가 집중되어 지역별 강수량 편차가 컸으며, 7월에는 전국적으로 폭염 일수가 2016년도보다 5.5일이나 증가되었습니다.
이와 연관하여 남부지방의 경우 극심한 가뭄이 장기간 지속되기도 하였습니다.
또한 2016년 9월 12일에 발생한 경주 지진의 상처가 채 아물기도 전에 2017년 11월 15일 포항에서 규모 5.4의 강한 지진이 또 한 차례 발생하였습니다. 전국 각지에서 진동을 느꼈다는 제보가 속출하고 피해신고가 접수되었으며, 이후 수백 차례의 여진이 계속 이어져 많은 국민이 불안에 떨기도 했습니다.
그동안 기상청은 정확한 기상예보와 신속한 지진정보 전달을 통해 국민이 안심하도록 노력해왔으나, 여전히 미흡한 점이 존재하였습니다. 달라진 기후변화로 인해 기존과 다른 형태의 장마가 나타나 강수예측에 실패하기도 했으며, 9월 대규모 인공지진 발생 시 관계기관과의 협력과 소통이 원활하지 못한 점이 있었습니다. 그러나 11월 포항 지진 때는 신속한 재난문자와 언론브리핑 등으로 국민들에게 큰 칭찬과 응원을 받아, 이에 보답하고자 여러 부족한 부분들을 보완하려 노력하였습니다.
먼저, 동네예보 생산 절차를 개편하여 예보생산업무 효율화와 예보역량 강화를 도모하였습니다.
또한 예보분석을 강화하여 특이기상에 대응할 역량을 높이는 데 주력했습니다. 추가로 날씨정보를
한반도에서 발생한 두 번의 대규모 지진으로 형성된 국민들의 불안을 진정시키기 위해 지진분야 에서도 노력하였습니다. 2016년도 경주 지진 발생 때 얻은 교훈으로 지진 조기경보 및 속보 서비스 시간을 15~25초 내외로 단축하였으며, 기존의 지진관측망에서 추가로 관측소를 신설하고 노후장비를 보완하는 등 규모를 확대하였습니다.
이 외에도 2018 평창동계올림픽 및 패럴림픽 대회의 성공적인 개최에 이바지하기 위해 4년 동안 특화 교육 프로그램을 통해 45명의 올림픽 전문 예보관을 양성했고, 테스트이벤트(올림픽 사전점검 단계에 해당) 기간 동안 경기장별 맞춤형 기상 서비스를 제공하였으며, 올림픽경기장에 기상관측소를 설치하는 등 기상 지원 준비를 끝마쳤습니다.
2017년 동안 기상청은 기상·지진 업무에 총력을 기울였으며, 이번 기상연감 발간을 맞이하여 다시 한 번 현재에 머무르지 않고 더욱 앞으로 나아가야 한다고 생각합니다. 2018년에는 ‘안전한 나라, 안심하는 국민, 국민 중심의 기상·지진서비스 실현’을 정책 목표로 정하고 이를 달성하기 위해서 안전, 기본, 국민, 미래 그리고 세계의 다섯 가지 핵심가치를 추진해 나가도록 하겠습니다. 즉 국민 안전에 앞장서고 예보와 관측 등 기본 업무에 소홀하지 않고 지진 관련 업무는 더욱 발전해나갈 것이며, 국민에게 제공되는 서비스도 개선시켜 나갈 것입니다. 또한 기상청 업무에 4차 산업혁명 기술을 접목하여 미래를 대비하고 2020년 이후 도입 예정인 영향예보를 위한 준비에 더욱 박차를 가할 것이며, 기후변화와 관련하여 전 세계 국가들과 더욱 더 긴밀하게 협력해 나가도록 하겠습니다.
끝으로, 기상가족 여러분과 선배님들, 항상 기상청에 관심을 가져주시는 국민 여러분 등 모든 분들께 기상연감이 도움이 되는 자료가 되기를 바라겠습니다. 올해도 기상연감 제작에 수고해 주신 직원들에게 감사드립니다.
2018년 5월
Contents
Korea Meteorological Administratio
제1부
총설 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·1
1. 2017년 기상업무 추진 개요 ·················································································2
2. 2017년 우리나라 이상기후 ···················································································9
3. 2017년도 주요 뉴스 ····························································································11
제2부
기상기술 동향 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·21
1. 수치예보모델 ······································································································22
2. 기후 및 기후변화 ·······························································································25
3. 기후서비스 ··········································································································29
4. 지진 및 지진서비스 ····························································································30
5. 기상정보화 ··········································································································32
제3부
분야별 기상정책 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·39
제1장 / 기상예보 ·········································································································40
1. 예보업무의 제도 개선 ························································································40
2. 예보기술 향상 ····································································································49
3. 태풍예보 ·············································································································51
4. 방재기상 ·············································································································59
5. 수치예보 ·············································································································64
제2장 / 기상관측 ·········································································································79
1. 지상기상 ·············································································································79
2. 고층기상 ·············································································································91
3. 해양기상 ·············································································································93
4. 기상관측표준화 ·································································································101
5. 기상장비 도입관리 ····························································································105
6. 기상측기 검정 ···································································································110
7. 기상장비 기술개발 ····························································································111
