#4 Utopian, Modernism, Planning Theory Theory of Urban Structure

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#4 Utopian, Modernism, Planning Theory

Theory of Urban Structure

Kwon, Young Sang Seoul National University

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Urban Design Major

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#1. 19~20C Urban Structure

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5 The first industrial revolution

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel_of_Erbil

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Tony Garnier, Cite Industrialle

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https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ac/78/3f/ac783fe37af1c92782c487543b8daf4f.jpg

Soria Y Mata, Linear City, Madrid

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8 Train and City

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel_of_Erbil

Antonio Sant’Elia, 1880~1916

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9 Cities and factories

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel_of_Erbil

Phalanstere, Fourier, 1772-1837

- Plan for residential and factory complex for workers

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10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel_of_Erbil

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Claude Nicolas Ledoux(1736.3.21~1806.11.18), Ideal Shepard's House (Sphere) 이상적인 양치기의 집

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Claude Nicolas Ledoux, Ville de Chaux, 18

^th

century 쇼우 이상도시계획안

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Garden City

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• RADBRUN

• Clarence S. Stein & Henry Wright

Garden City

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15 1924, Neiborhood Unit ;

Clarence A.Perry

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• A diagram of Clarence Perry's neighborhood unit,

• illustrating the spatiality of the core principles of the concept, from the New York Regional Survey, Vol 7. 1929

1924, Neiborhood Unit ;

Clarence A.Perry

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Letchworth, the first garden city (UK, Ebenezer Howard, Parker, Unwin)

1924, Neiborhood Unit ;

Clarence A.Perry

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Hampsted (UK)

1924, Neiborhood Unit ;

Clarence A.Perry

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남형우, 이낙운, 2004. 이상도시의 지속과 변동에 관한 연구, 도시설계

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한광야, 2004. 커뮤니티 설계언어의 고찰-

규모, 구조, 형태, 프로그래밍, 도시설계

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22 Modernism

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23 1. 1933, La Ville Radieuse(Radient City)

; Le Corbusier

• Housing District Masterplan designed by Le Corbusier

- High rise building on the huge open space - Functional, industrialized social structure.

La ville Radieuse(paper)

Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, better known as Le

Corbusier (French: [lə kɔʁbyzje]; October 6, 1887 – August 27, 1965), was an architect, designer, painter, urban planner, writer, and one of the pioneers of what is now called modern

architecture. He was born inSwitzerlandand became a French citizen in 1930. His career spanned five decades, with his buildings constructed throughout Europe, India, and America.

Dedicated to providing better living conditions for the residents of crowded cities, Le Corbusier was influential in urban

planning, and was a founding member of theCongrès International d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM).

Modernism

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Plan Voisin, 1925 (paris, paper, not realized)

Modernism

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Chandigarh, 1931 (india)

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26 1952, Unit d’habitation ;

Marseille, Le Corbusier

• Housing unit suggested by Le Corbusier

- La ville radieuse (1933) – tower and courtyard type - Unit d’habitation (1952) – stripe type housing suggest

Modernism

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Le Corbusier, Unite d’Habitation (1948)

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Ludwig Karl Hilberseimer 루드비히 칼 힐베르자이머 (1885–1967) was a German architect and urban

planner best known for his ties to the Bauhaus 바우하우스 and to Mies van der Rohe 미스반데어로에, as well as for his work in urban planning at Armour Institute of Technology (now Illinois Institute of Technology),

in Chicago, Illinois.

Ludwig Hilberseimer, Ideal city

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30 정인하, 2003. 현대 도시이론과 언어담론의 상관관계에 관한 연구, 한국건축역사학회

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31 1927, Weissenhofsiedlung

^{바이센호프지들롱}; stuttgart(German), Deutscher Werkbund

• Housing complex taken the leader by Mies van der Rohe - The symbol of Modern architecture 모더니즘 건축의 상징 - 4 story apartment, town house, detached housing

• Motivation the union of CIAM

국제근대건축운동(CIAM)의 출발 Mies

Corbusier

Oud

Scharoun

The Congrès internationaux d'architecture moderne – CIAM (International Congresses of Modern Architecture) was an organization founded in 1928 and disbanded in 1959,

responsible for a series of events and congresses arranged around the world by the most prominent architects of the time, with the objective of spreading the principles of the Modern Movement focusing in all the main domains of architecture (such as landscape, urbanism, industrial design, and many others).

Modernism

^모더니즘

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The Weissenhof Estate (or Weissenhof Settlement; in German Weißenhofsiedlung) is a

housing estate built for exhibition in Stuttgart in 1927. It was an international showcase of what

later became known as the International style of modern architecture.

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CIAM's conferences consisted of:

1928, CIAM I,

La Sarraz, Switzerland, Foundation of CIAM

1929, CIAM II,

Frankfurt am Main, Germany, on The Minimum Dwelling

1930, CIAM III,

Brussels, Belgium, on Rational Land Development (Rationelle Bebauungsweisen) 1933, CIAM IV, Athens, Greece, on The Functional City (Die funktionelle Stadt)

1937, CIAM V,

Paris, France, on Dwelling and Recovery

1947, CIAM VI,

Bridgwater, England, on Reconstruction of the Cities

1949, CIAM VII,

Bergamo, Italy, on Art and Architecture

1951, CIAM VIII,

Hoddesdon, England, on The Heart of the City

1953, CIAM IX,

Aix-en-Provence, France, on Habitat

1956, CIAM X,

Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, on Habitat

1959, CIAM XI,

Otterlo, the Netherlands, organized dissolution of CIAM byTeam 10

Modernism

^모더니즘

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34 1952, Golden Lane Housing; Smithson, Team X

• Prototype of housing district designed by Smithson, Team X

- Hierarchial spatial structure - Housing-Road-Region-City

• Team X(10)

- just as often referred to as "Team X", was a group of architects and other invited participants who assembled starting in July 1953 at the 9th

Congress of C.I.A.M. and created a schism within CIAM by challenging its doctrinaire approach to urbanism.

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35 Second Industrial Revolution

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel_of_Erbil

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36 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel_of_Erbil

City and Vehicle

Learning from Las Vegas, Robert Venturi

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#2. 19~20C Korean Urban Structure

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개항시 진해 시가지계획

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40

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Busan

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42

목포의 도시계획도

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인천, 제물포

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44

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1919.6 45

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1928 총독부 고시 78호 경성시구개수예정노선

46

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마포아파트 전경

1962년 Tower In the park의 개념으로 주택공사에 의해 건설 자료 : 대한주택공사, 주택도시 40년, 2002, pp38~39

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48 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel_of_Erbil

Sewoon, 1968

Le Corbusier, Plan Voisin, 1925

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49 Gangnam District Development Plan, Seoul, 1973

Superblock, 600~1000m

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50

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Yoyuido, 1968, Kim, Soogeun

51

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52 정인하, 1996. 여의도 도시계획에 관한 연구-김수근의 1969년 계획안을 중심으로,

대한건축학회

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54 권영상, 2011. 우리나라 신도시 계획에서 생활권 공간구조의 변화-창원시, 분당신도

시, 세종시 사례분석을 중심으로, 국토계획

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반포아파트단지 전경

58

자료 : 대한주택공사, 주택도시 40년, 2002, pp42~43

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서울시 도심부재개발대상구역

자료:서울특별시, 도심부재개발기본계획, 1978

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무교재개발구역 시행현황

(자료 : 서울특별시, 도심재개발사업연혁지, 2000, 720~766쪽)

60

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61

출처: http://cafe.naver.com/spacetour/18799 Mokdong Newtown, Seoul

Design Competition, Korea

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목동신시가지 개발예시도

62 Mokdong Newtown, Seoul

Design Competition, Korea

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63 1987.6.29.선언 / 주택200만호 공급계획 (노태우대통령(88~92) 선거공약)

수도권 신도시개발

• 83~87년 5년간 주택공급 : 120만호 (24만호/년)

• 88~92년 5년간 주택공급 : 200만호 (40만호/년) 계획발표, 예년대비 67% 상승

• 1기신도시에 약 30만호, 인천연수지구, 대전둔산지구 등 개발

• 주택보급률 63%(1990) -> 82%(1997)

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토지공사

주택공사

이매

서현

수내

정자

미금

오리

Bundang Newtown

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Bundang- Apartment

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Bundang – Mixed used commercial district

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