KREI 미래농정포럼 2014

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(1)연구자료 D386 | 2014. 12.. KREI 미래농정포럼 2014. 김 박 성 한 윤. 연 현 명 혜 승. 중 태 환 성 원. 연구위원 명예연구위원 연구위원 전문연구원 위촉연구원.

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(3) 머 리 말. 지난해 우리 농업이 직면한 가장 어려운 대외여건이라고 할 수 있는 쌀 관세 화 문제와 한·중 FTA가 일단락이 되었고 이제는 시장개방의 확대에 대응한 수 세적인 농정에서 탈피해 지속가능한 농업·농촌의 발전전략 수립과 새로운 성 장동력 발굴에 매진할 때입니다. 이러한 시대적 요구에 부응하고자 한국농촌경제연구원은 우리 농업이 당면 한 위기를 극복하고, 미래 농정방향을 제시하기 위해, 원내 그리고 농업계 내외 부의 다양한 전문가 44명이 참여한 ‘KREI 미래농정포럼’을 발족(’14.4.4.)하였 습니다. 농업, 농촌, 식품·유통 세 분야로 분과를 구성하여 해당 분야의 정책진 단과 중장기 아젠다 발굴에 많은 분들의 의견을 수렴하고 참신한 아이디어를 공유함으로써 객관적·합리적 농정대안을 모색하는 공동작업을 수행하였습니다. 지난 한 해, 10차례의 포럼 회의를 통해 장기적인 안목에서 그동안 간과되어 왔던 연구분야를 발굴하고, 10년 이후 우리 농업·농촌의 모습을 그려봄으로써 미래 농정의 목표와 수단을 포괄적으로 논의한 것은 포럼 활동의 긍정적인 성 과라고 할 수 있습니다. 이러한 성과를 토대로 2015년도에는 포럼에서 제시한 정책대안의 실현가능 성과 기대효과, 우선순위 등을 검토하는 구체적인 작업이 진행되기를 기대합니다. 그동안 시장개방의 가속화로 인한 농업인의 불안이 고조되고 농업·농촌의 위축이 우려되고 있는 상황입니다. 그러나 정부와 학계를 비롯한 우리 농업계 전체는 막연한 피해에 대한 두려움에서 벗어나 발상을 전환하여 미래성장산업 으로서 농업에 대한 잠재력과 건강하고 행복한 삶의 공간으로서 농촌의 가치 를 재조명하고, 농업인과 젊은 세대에게 새로운 희망의 메시지를 전달하는 노 력을 경주해야 합니다. ‘KREI 미래농정포럼’이 우리 농업이 당면한 위기를 기 회로 전환하고 미래를 준비하는 시대적 소명에 충실한 선도적인 학술모임으로 자리매김하기를 바랍니다. 2014. 12. 한국농촌경제연구원장 최 세 균.

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(5) iii. 차. 례. 제1장 KREI 미래농정포럼 운영 및 활동 1. 운영 및 구성 ································································································ 1 2. 2014년도 활동 주요 일지 ··········································································· 4 3. 분과별 주요 활동 ························································································· 6 제2장 농업분과 주요 발굴 이슈 1. 농업‧농촌 패러다임의 변화 ········································································ 9 제1장 머리말 ······························································································ 10 제2장 농업패러다임의 변화 - 세계적 맥락 ············································ 11 제3장 맺음말 - 다기능 농업 패러다임의 전망 ······································ 41 2. 미래 농업 발전을 위한 농업 R&D 설정 방향 ······································ 50 제1장 농업 과학기술과 미래 농업 ·························································· 50 제2장 농업 R&D의 주요특징 ·································································· 56 제3장 네덜란드 농업경쟁력과 농업기술혁신 ······································· 59 제4장 한국 농업 R&D의 발전을 위한 제언 ·········································· 71 제3장 농촌분과 주요 발굴 이슈 1. 농촌정책이 추구할 새로운 가치로의 전환 ············································· 83 제1장 농촌 정의의 고찰 ········································································· 84 제2장 농촌의 가치 : 농자천하지대본(건강한 생명의 순환) ··············· 90 제3장 정책적 함의: 法古創新 ······························································ 100 2. 지역에서의 농촌정책 추진주체에 관한 발전방향 모색 ······················ 110 제1장 배경 및 목적 ··············································································· 110.

(6) iv 제2장 정책 추진주체에 관한 고찰 ······················································ 112 제3장 지역의 농촌정책 추진주체 형태와 협력 시스템 ···················· 118 제4장 시사점과 정책 제안 ··································································· 133 3. 농촌공간의 재구조화 방안 ······································································ 141 제1장 농촌공간 연구의 필요성과 목적 ············································· 142 제2장 농촌공간의 현황 ········································································· 146 제3장 지속가능한 미래 농촌공간의 재구조화 방안 ·························· 154 제4장 맺음말 ·························································································· 174 제4장 식품·유통분과 주요 발굴 이슈 1. 기후변화와 푸드시스템 ··········································································· 179 제1장 서론 ···························································································· 180 제2장 푸드시스템에 있어서의 온실가스 발생의 주요 원인 ············· 182 제3장 기후변화가 푸드시스템에 미치는 영향 ··································· 188 제4장 적응 및 경감 전략 ····································································· 199 제5장 향후 전망 ···················································································· 205 2. 미래의 농산물 수급관리 시스템 ···························································· 213 제1장 농산물 수급관리의 필요성 ························································ 213 제2장 우리나라의 농산물 수급관리 체계 ··········································· 216 제3장 미래의 농산물 수급관리 시스템 ··············································· 225 부록: 마케팅 보드와 제주 감귤 유통행정명령제 ································· 230 3. 동반성장을 위한 과제 ············································································· 233 제1장 농산물유통과 불공정거래 ·························································· 234 제2장 농산물 유통체계의 변화와 불공정거래 ··································· 236 제3장 소비지 유통주체의 농산물 거래실태 ······································· 241 제4장 동반성장과 상생협력의 필요성 ················································· 246.

(7) v 제5장 동반성장과 상생협력의 과제 ···················································· 248 4. 대형유통업체와 식품가공업체의 거래공정화에 관한 연구 ················· 251 제I장 서론 ······························································································ 251 제2장 식품산업의 변화 현황 ································································ 252 제3장 식품 유통구조의 변화 ································································ 255 제4장 대형유통업체와 식품제조업체의 거래 갈등과 주요 이슈진단 ····· 263 제5장 거래공정화를 위한 정책방향 ···················································· 266 5. 식품 포장 및 디자인의 향후 전망 ························································ 272 제1장 식품 포장 및 디자인의 중요성 ················································· 272 제2장 식품 포장 및 디자인 산업 ························································ 274 제3장 식품 포장 및 디자인의 기술 ···················································· 277 제4장 식품 포장 및 디자인의 정책 방향 ··········································· 291 6. 외식산업의 미래 ······················································································· 295 제1장 연구 필요성 ················································································· 295 제2장 국내 외식산업의 현재 ································································ 296 제3장 미래를 변화시키는 주요 환경요인 ··········································· 301 제4장 외식(식품) 소비시장 트렌드 ····················································· 311 제5장 외식산업에 주는 시사점 ···························································· 320 제6장 정책적 제언 ················································································· 322 7. 가구차원의 식품보장(Food Security) 실태와 개선 방향 ····················· 327 제1장 서론 ···························································································· 327 제2장 식품보장 개념에 대한 논의 동향 ············································· 328 제3장 식품보장실태 ··············································································· 330 제4장 식품보장에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석 ····································· 337 제5장 가계차원의 식품보장 확보를 위한 방향 ································· 346.

(8) vi. 8. 식품표시 제도 현황과 소비자 이슈 ······················································ 353 제1장 연구 필요성 ················································································· 353 제2장 식품표시 관련 법제 ··································································· 355 제3장 식품 표시에 대한 소비자 인식 ··············································· 360 제4장 식품 표시 관련 소비자문제 이슈 ··········································· 363 제5장 결론 및 제언 ··············································································· 367 9. 식생활 양상과 미래 전망 ······································································· 370 제1장 문제 제기 ···················································································· 370 제2장 영양소 섭취 및 식품수급상의 동향변화 ································· 372 제3장 건강 및 질병상의 변화양상 ······················································ 381 제4장 현대 식생활의 특징 ··································································· 385 제5장 향후 식생활 전망 ······································································· 394 제6장 시사점 및 제언 ··········································································· 396 부록: 1. 농업분과 분과회의 결과보고 ·················································· 401 2. 농촌분과 분과회의 결과보고 ·················································· 410 3. 식품·유통분과 분과회의 결과보고 ········································· 428.

(9) vii. 표 차 례. 제2장 표 2- 1. 지속가능한 농업에 관한 다양한 정의 ········································ 24 표 2- 2. 산업적 농업과 비교한 지속가능한 농업의 철학‧가치관 ·········· 26 표 2- 3. 지속가능한 농업의 역할과 주요 과제 ········································ 27 표 2- 4. 다기능 농업의 산출물 ·································································· 31 표 2- 5. 농촌발전의 새로운 패러다임 ······················································· 40 표 2- 6. 농정패러다임의 변화 ···································································· 42 표 2- 7. 농정, 통상, 기술혁신의 주요 내용 ············································· 72 제3장 표 3- 1. 농림어업총조사의 농림어가 정의 ··············································· 87 표 3- 2. 문헌으로 본 마을 만들기 관련 추진주체의 분류 ··················· 114 표 3- 3. 마을 만들기와 관련된 추진주체별 분류 ·································· 114 표 3- 4. 농촌발전방식에 대한 이론적 동향 ············································ 116 표 3- 5.. Leader 프로그램의 성공요인 및 특징 7가지 ·························· 117. 표 3- 6. 사례 개요 ····················································································· 118 제4장 표 4- 1. 국내 주요 식량작물의 kg당 온실가스 배출량 분석 ··············· 182 표 4- 2. 관련기관별 주요 정보 공유 사항 ············································· 220 표 4- 3. 소매업태별 매출액 변화 ···························································· 239 표 4- 4. 식품산업의 부가가치 및 식품산업의 비중 ······························ 253 표 4- 5. 식품제조업 규모 ·········································································· 254 표 4- 6. 식품가공산업의 주요 품목별 집중도 추이: CR4 ···················· 254.

(10) viii 표 4- 7. 주요 식품제조업체 유통채널별 공급 비중 사례 ····················· 256 표 4- 8. 소매업태별 판매액지수(2010=100) ············································ 258 표 4- 9. 대형할인점 유통업체 브랜드 현황 ············································ 260 표 4-10. 대형마트 매출 상위 PB상품 현황 ············································ 260 표 4-11.. PB제품 납품경험 ········································································ 261. 표 4-12. 대형유통업체 불공정거래 행위 유형 ········································ 264 표 4-13.. Roles of Food packaging functions ·········································· 280. 표 4-14.. Barrier technologies for food packaging ·································· 283. 표 4-15.. Active packaging technologies for food products ··················· 285. 표 4-16.. Materials of functional compositions for edible packaging ··· 286. 표 4-17.. Sustainable strategies for food packaging ································ 288. 표 4-18.. Brand images for food packaging design ································ 290. 표 4-19. 외식업(주점업 제외) 현황 (2005-2012) ···································· 297 표 4-20. 음식업 업종별 매출액 및 종사자수 현황 (2006-2009) ·········· 298 표 4-21. 종사자 규모별 음식점업 구성비 현황 (2009) ························· 298 표 4-22. 조직형태별 한식음식점 업체수 및 종사자수 (2009∼10) ······ 299 표 4-23.. TOP 20 Food Trends by 2015 Culinary Forecast ·················· 315. 표 4-24. 국제기구의 Food Security에 대한 정의 ··································· 329 표 4-25. 우리나라 가구차원의 식품보장에 대한 조사 내용 ················· 333 표 4-26. 우리나라에서 식품 안정성을 확보한 가구 비율 추이, 2005-2012 ····················································································· 334 표 4-27. 영양소별 영양섭취기준에 대한 비율: 사회경제지표별 2012 ··· 337 표 4-28. 변수 설명 및 기술 통계 ···························································· 338 표 4-29. 식품보장 미확보 결정요인 분석 결과(logit) ···························· 340 표 4-30. 식품보장 미확보 결정요인 분석 결과(ordered logit) ·············· 341 표 4-31. 식품 불안정성 결정요인 분석의 한계효과(marginal effect) ·· 342 표 4-32. 권장섭취량 대비 실제섭취량에 영향을 미치는 요인 ············· 344 표 4-33. 실제 칼로리 섭취량이 권장섭취량에 미치지 못하는 요인에 대한 logit 모형 분석결과 ··························································· 345.

(11) ix 표 4-34. 취약계층에서 필요로 하는 정부 지원(단위: %) ····················· 348 표 4-35. 취약계층의 식품지원제도 수혜율 및 만족도(단위: %, 점) ··· 348 표 4-36. 식품 표시 관련 법령 및 주요내용 ··········································· 356 표 4-37. 가공‧포장식품의 표시사항 ························································· 358 표 4-38. 농수산 식품 1인 1년당 식품공급량 (`80~2012) ····················· 378 표 4-39. 만성질환 주요지표 추이 ···························································· 382.

(12) x. 그 림 차 례. 제2장 그림 2- 1. 다기능 농업 기반의 농촌발전 전략 ········································ 37 그림 2- 2.. Patron - Performer 이슈와 농업 R&D ··································· 52. 그림 2- 3. 농업 R&D와 Price 모델 ··························································· 53 그림 2- 4. 농업 R&D 덤벨형 구조 및 시대에 따른 범위의 확장 ········ 55 그림 2- 5. 농업 R&D의 회임기간과 편익기간 ········································· 57 그림 2- 6. 농업 R&D의 일반적 특징 ························································ 58 그림 2- 7. 네덜란드의 연구 및 지도 조직 민영화와 현재 모습 ············ 63 그림 2- 8.. WUR의 조직과 실용화 ···························································· 64. 그림 2- 9. 네덜란드 국토와 해수면 보다 낮은 지역 ······························ 66 그림 2-10. 네덜란드와 한국의 Lab과 Farm의 농업 과학기술 수준 ······ 74 제3장 그림 3- 1.. johad의 선순환 효과 ································································· 99. 그림 3- 2. 5단계 마을발전 모델 ······························································ 106 그림 3- 3. ‘안성맞춤 마을대학’ 참여주체와 역할 ································· 120 그림 3- 4. 정읍시 마을 만들기 전담부서 조직도 ·································· 122 그림 3- 5. 메이플-스톤 공동체지원센터 조직도 ····································· 123 그림 3- 6. 영주시 관사골 주거환경개선사업의 참여주체 및 역할 ······ 125 그림 3- 7. (사)하늘내린 인제 로컬투어사업단의 조직도 ······················ 127 그림 3- 8. 홍성통의 참여주체와 분과조직 현황 ···································· 130 제4장 그림 4- 1. 탄소성적표지 마크 ·································································· 185.