주택보급률 110% 초과, 고령화 및 저출산에 대한 대응
Bae Soonsuk, Kim Geunyong & Jeon Sungje
45KRIHS Land & Housing ResearchⅡ2007 Research Projects
Land and housing prices have soared since the year of 2001. Even though many policy measures for real estate market stability were announced and implemented, the market was not stabilized as expected. Social conflicts increased. Many NGOs claimed that, in order to lower housing prices fundamentally, the so-called “half-priced housing" system should be introduced. Under the system, land for newly supplied housing should be obtained by the public sector, and be leased for at least 40 years. The residents pay rents which would be decided politically, i,e., lower than market rents. There were many arguments for and against the new system. Finally, the gov-ernment announced, on 11 January 2007, that the pilot project would be conducted in the year of 2007. To this end, the Housing Law was revised on 2 April 2007.
This study aims to find out the possibility, effects and limitations of the new system. It con-sists of seven chapters. In the introduction, the background, purpose, and methodology of the research are dealt with. Chapter 2 describes the research methodology. Chapter 3 describes the current land leasing system. Then, it compares the characteristics of the current land leasing sys-tem and the new proposed syssys-tem.
Chapter 4 to Chapter 6 are main parts of the research. The expected effects along with limita-tion of the new system are analysed under the context of privatization of land ownership(Chap-ter 4), urbanization of land use(Chapownership(Chap-ter 5) and commercialization of land deals(Chapter 6). To analyse the effects and limitations of the new system, empirical survey on the development projects since the 1980s up to date are conducted, in the fields of land development costs including acquisition, development, infrastructure provi-sion, management and financial costs, and tax burdens. On the other hand, the study utilizes the political-economic perspectives to analyse the necessity and people's demand for the newly pro-posed housing. Chapter 7 is a conclusion, sum-marizing the findings and policy suggestions of the research. Also, the chapter describes limita-tions of the research, and proposes future research areas in relation to the research.
Research Period: 2007. 3. 1~2007. 5. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2007-4, 159pp
>> Policy Tasks for Diversifying the Land Supply Schemes Developed by the Public Sector : Focusing on the Housing Supply System on the Condition of Land Lease
공공택지 공급방식의 다양성 확보방안 : 대지임대부 주택공급제도를 중심으로
Jung Heenam & Choi Soo
04
46KRIHS
Considering the fact that most of the household wealth is in the form of real estate, credibility, transparency and security of the real estate mar-ket are crucial. In this respect, the government has mounted a campaign for ‘advancing the real estate trade order'. In line with this, many policy tasks have been suggested by those concerned, including the Korea Real Estate Brokers Associa-tion and the Korea AssociaAssocia-tion of Realtors, and one of them is to reshape the checklist form.
This study aims to provide policy measures for improving the quality of real estate brokerage, and reshaping the form of the checklist or the Transfer Disclosure Statement, in particular.
The study consists of five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. The second chapter reviews the managerial status of the current inspecting checklist system. The third chapter examines checklist systems in other countries including Japan, the U.S.A., and the U.K. The fourth chapter is the main chapter of the study. It starts with reviewing the change in both the internal and external environment surrounding the real estate market. Then, it suggests directions to reshaping the checklist form, and presents a revised checklist form. The last chapter concludes the study. It summarizes findings of the research,
and presents areas to be further studied by fol-low-up researches.
The appendix consists of three parts. The first is the preceeding of the advisory committee of the study held in July 2007. The second is the histori-cal change in the checklist form since 1983. The last part illustrates four types of the Japanese checklist form; one for land, another for residen-tial property(apartment buildings and single detached houses), and the other for commercial property.
Research Period: 2007. 4. 1~2007. 7. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2007-1, 177pp
>> Policy Tasks for Improving the Quality of Real Estate Brokerage : Focusing on Reshaping the Checklist Forms
부동산 중개품질 향상방안 연구 : 중개대상물 확인·설명서 세분화 방안을 중심으로
Jung Heenam, Shin Heedong & Hwang Jooyoung
47KRIHS Land & Housing ResearchⅡ2007 Research Projects
Land prices near the areas of a large scale devel-opment(LSD) increase due to the expectations of improvement in the living environment with infrastructure constructed through the LSD.
Therefore, LSD creates speculative demands for land near LSD. Another reason is the demand for substitute lands resulting from condemnation of land in LSD areas.
The effects of LSD spread as time goes by. The pattern of spatial diffusion is influenced by the locational characteristics of an area, such as dis-tance to existing urban centers and roads, and topography. According to the empirical analysis of this study on the development project, Sejong City, the impact of the development on land prices spreads along the main roads linked to the existing urban center of nearby cities, which accordingly forms conurbation.
Based on this analysis, the study suggests sev-eral policy tools for stabilizing land markets sur-rounding LSD areas. In order to prevent increase in land prices, the most important measure is to discourage the speculative demand for the lands surrounding LSD areas.
For this, it is recommended to reduce the development potential of the land by strengthen-ing land use regulations regardstrengthen-ing LSD. This
includes restricting allowable land use type and land use density in LSD areas, designating the areas as speculative areas. Once they are desig-nated as speculative areas, a high tax is levied on holding and transferring lands. The method for condemnation of land in LSD areas should be changed. That is, developed land should be com-pensated for instead of money. This way, the land demand in the area can be greatly reduced.
The Transfer of Floor-Area-Ratio(TFAR) as the long-term measure suggested by the study puts emphasis on normalizing the functions of land markets, which has a similar concept with TDR (Transfer of Development Right) of US. The development gain recapture system for develop-ment loss permits developdevelop-ment when the devel-oper buys the unused Floor-Area-Ratio in the conservation district. So TFAR can be useful to discourage the land speculation and land price hike of the area nearby LSD.
Research Period: 2007. 6. 1~2007. 11. 30
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2007-7, 159pp
>> Policy Tools for Stabilizing Land Markets of Areas Surrounding Large Development
대규모 개발사업 주변지역의 토지시장 안정화 방안Chae Mieoak, Cho Panki & Song Haseung
04
48KRIHS
The purposes of the study are to observe real-estate market trends continuously and to analyze the policies related to the real-estate market announced by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation, the Ministry of Finance and Economy and so on. So, we examine the influ-ence of those kinds of policies and problems, and forecast the real-estate market.
This report comprises of six sections. Following the introduction-Chapter 1, the rate of economic growth, the price index, consumption are explained in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 and 4 explain the estate market trends by using the real-estate price index, transaction data and market survey, and periodically examines the govern-ments policies related to the real-estate market circumstance. The real-estate price was stabilized after the announcement of government’s com-posite policy to stabilize the real-estate price on Mar. 30th in 2006 which is collectively composed of the supply of housing and the betterment of a capital flow and the regulation of speculations, and so on. However, the real-estate price has risen since September in 2006 and the govern-ment took follow-up measures on Nov. 15th to settle down the real-estate boom. The real-estate price in 2007 was stabilized after the government
took measures on Jan. 11th and Jan. 31th. Chap-ter 5 explain the foreign real-estate market trends specially in the United States and Japan. Chapter 6 suggests the policy directions for stable real-estate market. Above all things, the consistency in real-estate policies is most important to main-tain the stable real-estate market. It could break the expectations for the real-estate price to increase over time.
This report might have vulnerable points in some aspects, which is because of the insufficien-cy of data and the absence of standard assess-ment method. More sophisticated and synthetic information collection-system for the real-estate market is necessary for the realistic and beneficial policy establishment and we believe that we could produce more timely and accurate report afterwards.
Research Period: 2007. 3. 5~2007. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2007-40, 540pp
>> Real-estate Market and Policy Trends in 2007
2007년 국내외 부동산 시장 및 정책 동향 연구Choi Soo, Sohn Kyounghwan, Kim Jaeyoung, Kim Geunyong, Lee Soowook & Song Haseung
49KRIHS Land & Housing ResearchⅡ2007 Research Projects
This study begins from recognition of reviving rural areas depressed by decrease and aging of population, the gap of income and living condi-tion between urban and rural areas, and the opening of agricultural market. This study espe-cially looks into the way of managing rural land use for the promotion of rural viability.
As a result of case analysis, it was affirmed that insufficiency of planned management to rural land use and development projects impedes the promotion of rural viability.
According to findings of case analysis, devices for planned management to rural land use were presented. The first is structuring the rural area equipment planning system to include items of rural land use and rural development projects and have hierarchy in scope of planning. And having it linked with national territory planning system in each stage of hierarchy.
The second is introducing basic zoning of rural land including non-agricultural land use as well as agricultural land use in order to prevent the conflicts between land uses and scattered and small scale development.
The third is to except regions which are hardly expected to cause need of infrastructure by devel-opment from the application of the develdevel-opment
permission system. Moreover, as a part of the second-class district plan, the rural type which reflects rural specificity should be established, and applicable guideline for planning should be prepared. And the standard and restrict regarding to location of industrial complex in rural areas should be differentiated according to regional cir-cumstances.
The fourth is, if bargaining for land purchase is unaccomplished, admitting it as deliberation for land purchase in act on land acquisition and compensation for public works and making it possible to require arbitration immediately.
This study is expected to promote the rural via-bility by enhancing the efficiency of rural land use and the effect of rural development projects.
And this study will contribute the comprehensive and planned management of national territory as a whole by suggesting institutional devices able to manage rural areas deliberately.
Research Period: 2007. 1. 1~2007. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2007-33, 223pp
>> Rural Land Use Management System for Rural Viability
농촌활력 증진을 위한 농촌토지이용의 계획적 관리방안Choi Hyeokjae, Ji Daesic & Kim Seungjong
04
50KRIHS
This study aims to forecast baby boomers' con-sumption patterns in their household assets and the impact on the housing market in Korea, and suggest directions to development of related poli-cies. To achieve the objectives, the study firstly estimates when and how much the baby boomers would dispose of their household assets upon retirement and income decline, and secondly, presents suggestions for policy development tar-geting housing market stability and spawn of a virtuous cycle of redistribution.
This report is composed of 6 chapters. Major findings of the study can be summarized as fol-lows;
Firstly, the baby boomers are estimated to sell off their household assets primarily in 2015, in 2018 and in 2025 upon their retirement and income decline. The baby boomers' household income and spending have been estimated based on the data of the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(2000-2005) performed by the Korea Labor Institute, which supports the above estima-tion.
Secondly, the baby boomers are expected to buy up 30,000 to 60,000 houses in the period of 2015 to 2025. The demand will amount to 20%
of the total household assets of the baby
boomers. This conclusion is supported by the esti-mation of the baby boomers' future income and spending, and the simulation conducted by the housing demand function estimation with the data of the ‘2005 Housing Survey’ carried out by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settle-ments and the Ministry of Construction and Transportation.
Lastly, it is necessary to set standards for a decent home and activate a reverse mortgage in order to achieve the policy goal of stabilizing the housing market and enhancing housing welfare by means of the baby boomers' consumption pat-terns in their household assets.
Research Period: 2007. 1. 1~2007. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2007-39, 167pp
>> A Study on Baby Boomers and Their Housing Consumption Patterns in Korea
부동산시장의 환경변화에 대응한 정책방향 연구Lee Soowook, Sohn Kyounghwan, Ji Daesic & Park Chungyu
51KRIHS Land & Housing ResearchⅡ2007 Research Projects
Old person population records 9.3% of the entire Korea population in 2005 and the speed of aging Korean society is anticipated to be faster and faster in the future. With the faster trend of aging speed, we need to find ways to improve the hous-ing welfare of elderly. This study purposes to analyze residential environment and to get a pol-icy direction to which seniors can enjoy their life independently and actively.
In chapter 2, housing condition and housing environment condition to what elderly faces are analyzed. In chapter 3, previous researches on housing environment and accessibilities of the convenient facilities are examined.
In chapter 4, seniors live in the metropolitan and rural areas are characterized in using of facil-ities.
Chapter 5 shows previous experiences in Japan and UK that entered 'aging society' earlier than Korea.
Chapter 6 suggests the general directions of the housing policy based on the senior's life pattern and current facility standard in Korea. And envi-ronmental policies are suggested in various ways which reflected an area difference, and will be able to raise a convenience.
In chapter 7, conclusions, the limitation of this
research and the policy suggestions are also pre-sented.
This research is the first try to make a model based on the study of seniors' life style and using pattern of facilities. This study has special mean-ing in that it broadens the scope of research sub-ject to the outside of housing, instead of confin-ing them to the inside of housconfin-ing.
Research Period: 2007. 1. 1~2007. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Research Report 2007-22, 322pp
>> A Study on Comprehensive plan for Improving the Housing Welfare of the Elderly : Focusing on the Convenience provision in the Residential Environment
노인주거복지 제고를 위한 종합계획 수립연구
: 고령자 생활패턴 분석을 통한 주거환경 편리성 개선방안 연구
Kang Mina, Kim Hyeseung & Jeon Sungje
04
52KRIHS
National Rent Housing(NRH) is constructed and provided to the low income household with the government financial assistance and the loan with low-interest from National Housing Fund.
This type of public housing has constructed as the 1 million housing units construction plan by 2012. It has evaluated as an effected housing pol-icy program for low-income household.
This research purposes to provide the funda-mental information about housing policy for low-income household through analyzing the housing condition of the objective households and estimating demands of NRH.
For this purpose demand of NRH has estimated with several cases, adapted different assumptions.
First assumption is about willingness to live in the NRH. 3 different willingness to live in the NRH, based on 「2006 housing survey」, 「2004 NRH survey」and average of two survey, are consid-ered. 3 different rent levels as a second assu-mption are also considered, such as present rent level, 10% off level and 20% off level than the present rent. And the affordability of the qualified household is considered to estimate NRH demand.
As a result 89.5~153.5 million NRH demand are estimated according to the willingness to live in the NRH. The National Capital region including
Seoul shows 51.1% of the NRH demands, 5 Met-ropolitan Councils(Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Dajeon, and Ulsan) have 23.7% and 16 do regions have the rest(25.2%) of the whole demand. In the case of which the NRH are sup-plied with 10% off rent price 96.4~65.1 million housing NRH demand and of which the NRH are supplied with 20% off rent price 102.8~175.7 million housing NRH are estimated according to the willingness to live in the NRH.
Research Period: 2007. 2. 1~2007. 12. 31
Report Descriptions: KRIHS Supplementary Research 2007-3, 106pp
>> A Study on Demand Estimation of National Rental Housing
국민임대주택 수요추정 연구Kang Mina