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Disability, Basic Health and Welfare

문서에서 다문화시대 아동 (페이지 158-165)

(1) Survival and Development

① Suicide Rate

3.7 out of 10 have thought of killing oneself for major reasons for school record. The family conflicts became the major reason for killing oneself among

middle school students.

35.9% of respondents said that they have thought to commit a suicide for the past 1 year (sometimes 32.3% and frequently 4.6%) and female students (45.8%) is more likely to have

thoughts of suicide than male students (28.9%). The frequency of having thoughts of suicide is the highest among general high school students at 37.3% followed by 36.9% among middle school students, 34.9% among vocational high school students. Youths in large cities and those with lower school record have tendency to have thoughts of suicide.

Middle School Students High School Students

* Note : 1) Calculated by combining "sometimes" and "frequently" as "yes"

2) Phrase: 2009 and 2011 used the phrase "committing a suicide" but changed to "want to kill oneself" in 2013 3) Phrase: In 2009, the phrase was "not at all, sometimes, frequently" but changed to "have never

thought, sometimes, frequently" in 2013. 2013 is the same as 2011.

[Figure 11] The Thoughts of Committing a Suicide of the Past Year (3-year trend: middle school students and high school students)

The three-year trend of thoughts of committing a suicide among youths shows that the thoughts were decreased in 2011 for both middle school and high school students but began to increase again in 2013.

② Reasons for Committing a Suicide

The biggest reasons for having thoughts of killing oneself are school record (40.4% for total, 34.0% for middle school students, 50.5% for general high school students and 27.1% for vocational high school students), conflicts with family (27.6% for total, 33.7% for middle school students, 20.3% for general high school students and 28.1% for vocational high school students). Those with high and middle economic level tend to have thoughts of suicide due to school record

and lower economic level tend to have such thoughts due to family disputes.

3-year trend on the major reasons for having thoughts of suicide shows that suicide thoughts based on school record decreased from 47.8% in 2009 to 34.2% in 2011 to 34.0% in 2013.

In the meantime, the ratio of family conflicts increased from 16.0% in 2009 to 22.6% in 2011 to 33.7% in 2013. The thoughts of committing a suicide due to school record among high school students have increased from 40.6% in 2009 to 36.2% in 2011 to 46.6% in 2013 while thoughts due to family conflicts increase from 13.6% in 2009 to 21.6% in 2011 to 21.7% in 2013.

③ Partner to Talk About Problems

Partners to talk about problems : friends (41.6%) 〉mother (34.4%) 〉 no partner (9.3%) 〉 father (5.3%) 〉home room teacher (1.0%) 〉

school counselling teacher (0.8%)

Regarding the question if you have the partner to share concerns and problems, 9.3% of children and youths said that they have no one to talk to and 41.6% said the parter is their friends followed by mother at 34.4%, siblings at 5.4%, and father at 5.3%. The ratio of home room teacher (1.0%), school counselling teacher (0.8%), neighbors and relatives (0.6%) and youth counselling center (0.4%) is very low. 51.3% of elementary school students said that they share their concerns with mother while middle school and high school students share their concerns with their friends (46.1% for middle school students, 51.5% for high school students). Most people with lower economic level said that they have no one to hare their problems. The three year trend shows that the share of "friends" as a partner to talk to is increasing among elementary and middle school students.

④ Safe Environment

The safety of the place where one lives is investigated and 52.9% said that their place is safe from traffic accident and 56.8% said it is safe from crime indicating that another half of children and youths feel instability regarding their living space. Male students and elementary school students tend to feel more safe and those with higher economic level tend to feel more safe.

(2) Health Service

① Satisfaction of School Meal

75.3% of respondents said that they are satisfied with school meal while 24.7% said that they are not satisfied. Elementary school students, students living in county and youths and children from higher economic level are more satisfactory.

(3) Improvement of Physical and Mental Health

83.6% recognize them as healthy and 22.7% do not exercise at all 60.0% eat meal every day. The lower the economic status, the self-perceived health status and exercise rate are lower and rate of skipping breakfast is high.

① Evaluation of Self-perceived Health

Regarding the question of self-perceived physical health to children and youths, 83.6% said that they are healthy and 16.4% said they are not healthy. The lower grade students, children and youths from two-parent family and higher economic level tend to respond that they are healthy.

② Rate of Conducting Excercise

Survey on the exercise on a regular basis to improve one's health except for physical education at school, 22.7% of respondents said that they do not exercise at all. 21.2% said once or twice a month, 27.9% said one or two times a week, and 28.2% said more than three times a week.

84.7% of male students said they do exercise and 69.2% said they do exercise indicating that the rate of doing exercise is higher in male students. 36.6% of male students said they do exercise more than 3 times a week while 30.8% of female students said they do not exercise at all. The differences by economic level shows that the ratio of those who do not exercise at all is 17.3%

for students from higher economic level, 25.5% for middle class and 30.8% for lower class. This shows that children and youths from lower economic level do exercise less.

Three-year trend shows that the ratio of those who do not exercise at all gradually decreased and the ratio of those who exercise more than 3 times a week is increasing.

③ Rate of Skipping Breakfast

17.0% of respondents said they do not have breakfast mostly, 7.7% said they usually skip breakfast and 15.3% said they usually have breakfast. 60.0% of respondents said the usually have breakfast everyday.

In case of male students, 61.5% eat break fast everyday, which is higher than that (58.4%) of female students. Those from two-parent family have lower rate of skipping breakfast. 65.6%

of children and youths from higher economic level eat breakfast everyday while the rate decreased to 58.0% for middle class and to 49.5% for lower class. In the meantime, the survey on the breakfast before going to school for three years show that the ratio of having breakfast is on the decrease regardless of age.

The reasons for skipping breakfast was no appetite (34.7%), getting up late in the morning (23.1%), need to go school early (21.9%). If the reason of getting up late in the morning and need to go to school early are combined as the factor of "going to school", the share of this reason is the biggest at 45.0%.

④ Sleeping Hours

Average sleeping hours: 8 hours 19 minutes for elementary school students, 7 hours 12 minutes for middle school students, 6 hours 11 minutes for vocational school students, 5 hours 27 minutes for general high school.

7 out of 10 high school students do not have enough sleep.

The average sleeping time for children and youths is 11:32 pm (10:34pm for elementary school students, 11:27 pm for middle school students, 12:29 am for general high school students and 12:10 am for vocational high school students and the average time for getting up is 6:34 am (7:10 am for elementary school students, 7:02 am for middle school students, 6:20 am for general high school students and 6:21 for vocational high school students). The average sleeping hours

of children and youths are 7 hours 6 minutes with 8 hours 19 minutes for elementary school students, 7 hours 12 minutes for middle school students, 6 hours 11 minutes for vocational high school students and 5 hours and 27 minutes for general high school students. It indicates that the higher grade sleep less due to burden of studying. 52.8% of children and youths said that they do not have enough sleep and in particular 7 out of 10 high school students said they don't have enough sleep (69.5% for general high school, 69.1% for vocational high school).

Three-year comparison on the average sleeping hours of children and youths shows that sleeping hours for elementary school students decreased from 8.5 hours in 2009 to 8.3 hours in 2013.

For middle school students, the hours decreased from 7.4 hours in 2009 to 7.2 hours in 2013.

High school students showed relatively significant reduction of sleeping hours from 6.1 hours in 2009 to 5.5 hours in 2013.

Elementary School Students Middle School Students High School Students

[Figure 12] Average Sleeping Hours (3-year trend: elementary school, middle school and high school students)

⑤ Rate of Recognizing Stress

The major cause of stress among elementary, middle and high school students is study and vocational high school students are mostly concerned about future.

It is found that 41.4% of middle and high school students feel lots of stress in daily life

(according to the 9th online survey on youth's health behavior). This study looked at the causes of stress for the past 1 year. 69.3% said that they are stressed with study (mostly yes and yes) and 51.6% said they are concerned about their future including career, 29.2% said appearance and physical condition, 21.9% said relationship with peers, 18.8% said family conflicts, and 12.6%

said the reason is economic hardships. It is shown that children and youths are stressed a lot due to study and unstable future.

The causes of stress among elementary school students is study (46.2%), and relationship with peers (20.7%) and in case of middle school students, 74.2% said school performance, 53.0%

said unstable future and 31.0% said appearance and physical condition. Vocational high school students said unstable future (77.4%) followed by school record (68.5%), appearance and physical condition (2.6%) and economic difficulties (31.9%).

⑥ Level of Happiness

Happy : Elementary 89.3 〉Middle School 80.3% 〉 General High School 75.1% 〉Vocational High School 73.8%

The reasons for not being happy are burden of studying and concerns about the future. Those with higher school record and economic level tend to feel happy.

81.1% of children and youths responded that they are happy now (mostly happy and very happy) and 89.3% and 80.3% of elementary school students and middle school students said they are happy and 75.1% and 73.8% of general high school students and vocational high school students said they are happy indicating the higher grade students feel less happy. Those with higher school record and economic level tend to respond that they are happy.

The biggest reason for not being happy is burden of studying (37.3%) followed by unstable future (22.8%), family conflicts (10.6%). Elementary school students pointed out burden of studying (37.0%) followed by family conflicts (17.8%) and bad relationship with friends (16.9%). Middle school and general high school students pointed out burden of studying (37.4%, 42.8%), unstable future (15.5%, 33.9%), family conflicts (13.5%, 4.4%). Vocational high school students said unstable future (36.9%), burden of studying (13.8%) and economic difficulties of family (12.6%).

Three year trend on the happiness level among children and youths showed that the level was slightly decreased in 2011 but began to increase in 2013 again.

Elementary School Students Middle School Students High School Students

[Figure 13] Level of Happiness (3-year trend :elementary school, middle school and high school students)

문서에서 다문화시대 아동 (페이지 158-165)