C. 인지기능의 구성요소 및 인지기능과 쇠약의 연관성
Ⅴ. 결론
본 연구 결과는 인지기능 및 인지기능 구성요소와 쇠약과의 관련성을 나타내고 있다. 연령이 증가함에 따라 쇠약의 유병률 및 치매의 위험 또한 증가하는 추세이며 인지장애는 치매의 예측인자로 인지장애가 치매로 전환될 확률이 연간 8.3%라고 한다(Larrieu 등, 2002). 또한 인지장애는 낙상, 요실금, 섬망과 같은 다른 노인성 증후군의 위험인자(Moritz 등, 1995)일 뿐만 아니라 인지장애가 있는 경우 일상생활 수행능력 제한의 가능성이 높으며 인지장애가 있는 경우 치매 및 쇠약으로 진행될 가능성이 높다.
신체적인 쇠약과 인지기능장애가 역학적으로 연관이 있을지라도
병태생리학적 연구는 별도로 진행되어왔지만 최근 한 보고서에
따르면(Malmstrom 등, 2013) 인지장애는 신경퇴행성 과정의 일환으로 신체적 쇠약과 인지기능장애가 동시에 나타난다는 ‘인지적 쇠약’이라는 개념이 논의된바 있으며 노인의 삶의 질을 향상시키기 위해서는 신체, 영양, 인지 및 정신적인 영역을 포함한 다각적인 접근이 필요하다는 데 의견의 일치를 보이고 있다.
따라서 향후 인지장애를 조기 발견하고 쇠약 전단계에서 쇠약으로 진행될 가능성을 늦추거나 예방하기 위한 보건 정책적인 지원이 필요할 것이다. 또한 각 지역사회에서는 노인의 건강한 노후를 위한 신체활동 증진 프로그램 및 정서적인 지원을 위한 프로그램 등을 개발 및 지원하고 노인의 개별적 특성에 맞는 예방적인 접근을 통해 쇠약에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 개선하기 위한 노력이 필요해 보인다.
향후 인지기능과 쇠약간의 원인적 연관성을 알 수 있도록 생물학적 지표를 이용한 추가적인 종단 연구가 필요하며 이러한 연구를 통해 치매 및 쇠약을 예방하기 위한 차원에서의 중재 및 노인의 삶의 질을 향상시키기 위한 다각적인 연구가 이루어 질 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
본 연구 결과 인지기능과 쇠약은 연관성이 있으므로 인지기능을 쇠약의 구성요소에 포함해야 한다는 이론 및 인기기능과 쇠약은 같은 병인을 가지며 인지장애와 쇠약이 거의 동시에 발생한다는 인지적 쇠약의 이론적 토대를 지지하는 근거자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
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