06 07 08 09 10

(1)

(2)

, 1000, 0.001

, ,

1 A 1 6.25_10⁄ °

,

35 C

0.4 A

(-) (+) ,

(+) (-)

C D

1 6.25_10⁄ · 10 A

(-) 5 A 5 A

3.5 A=3500 mA

= _

=3.5 A_10 s=35 C

= _

(Q)= (I)_ (t)

= =2 A

(+) (+) , (-)

(-)

B

Iı=IÇ-IÅ=0.6 A-0.2 A=0.4 A

,

(Q)= (I)_ (t)

=0.1 A_600 s=60 C 40 C

20 s

01 02 03 04 05

06 07 08 09 10

^{3 C}

11 12

13 01 02

,

C D D C

03

⁽⁺⁾

(-)

04

^{2 A} ⁵

6.25_10⁄ ° _2_5=6.25_10⁄ ·

06

⁼ ^_

=12

07

08

^(Q) ^(I) ^(t)

1.5 A18 C

(3)

09

10

^A ^B

, A B C

0.3 A_10 s=3 C

11

^{0.4 A} ^(-)

500 mA , (+)

12

13

⁵ ^{1 A} ^{5 C} ^,

5_6.25_10⁄ °

, ,

(-)

1

2.5 V

10X

,

(+) (+) (-) (-)

3 V (-) 2.5 V

,

, 1

, , , 4.5 V ,

1.5 V

,

=1, ?0.67, =0.5,

=1.5, =3

,

;2!; ,

20X_;2!;=10 X 1 cm¤3 cm

2 cm¤3 cm

1 cm 2 cm¤

2 cm 3 cm¤

3 cm 3 cm¤

01 02

^{15 V} ^(-)

30 V

03 04 05

^{4.5 V,} ^{6 V}

06 07

08 09 10

11

^{4.5 V}

12 13

( )

(4)

01

,

03

²

04

,

05

,

06

^{6 V,} ^{1.5 V,} ^{4.5 V,} ^{3 V}

07

A B C=;;¡1º;; ;;§2º;; ;;§3º;;=1 3 2

08

⁼ ^{=8 1}

8X X

09

, ,

11

^B ^{1.5 V}

2 1.5 V

2 3 V , 4.5 V

A 4.5 V

12

13

^{1.5 V} ⁵ ^{7.5 V}

(+) (+) , (-) (-)

5 cm 4 cm¤

10 cm 1 cm¤

,

= = =15X

;2!;

2

10X+10 X=20 X I=I¡=I™

= =0.15 A, V¡=10 X 0.15 A=1.5 V

=;3!;+;6!;=;6#;

R=2 X, I= =6 A

I¡= = =4 A, I™= = =2 A

I=I¡+I™=6 A 3X 6 X

=;3!; X+;6!; X R=2 X

2X+3 X=5 X = =3 A

3X 3 A

A 3X 3 A

3X 3 A=9 V B C

15 V-9 V=6 V ,

15 V5X 1

R

12 V6X V R™

12 V3X V R¡

12 V2X 1

R 203 VX V R

0.2 A3 V

(5)

01 02 03

04

^{2 A, 3 A}

05 06 07

A=D=E>B=C

08

^,

09 10

11 12 13 01

02

³^X ³^{X_1 A=3 V}

03

04

⁵^X ^(I¡) ^{=2 A} ^,

5 A R (I™) 5 A-2 A=3 A

05

;2!;

2

06

^{=3 A,}

=2 A,

=9 A

07 08

,

09

10

11

4X 4X_2 A=8 V

B C

6 V3X 6 V2X

10 V 5X

12

^,

13

^{1 kg} ^1æ ^{1 kcal}

1 kcal/kg æ_30 kg_40æ=1200 kcal 1 kcal=4200 J

1200_4200 J=5040000 J

6 V

;3@; X

1500 mA 0.6 A

A 3 V, B 6 V ,

20X 14X

3X

,

A B

1

6.25 10⁄ ° 1 A

(-)

(-) 5 A 5 A

1.5 A 1500 mA

, , ,

A, B B

= =6 C=0.6 A

10 s

(6)

1

^-1 ³⁰^X

1

^-2

2

^-1

2

^-2

1

^-1 ⁼ ⁼ ⁼³⁰^X

1

^-2

2

^-1 ^,

2

^-2 ^{3 kcal}

0.1 A3 V

A 3 A

3 A 30

3 (6.25 10⁄ ° ) 30 ¤ ‚

V( )

15 V (-)

A 3 V, B 9 V-3 V=6 V

,

(+) (+) , (-)

(-)

1.5 V, 3 V, 4.5 V, 6 V

,

1

,

=

A B C= =1 4 8

A<B<C

= = =20X

;2#; X, 2X, ;2#; X, :¡6¡: X, 3X

= =24X

R=24 X-10 X=14 X

,

I¡ I™ I£= 1 =6 3 2

3X 21X 11X

0.5 A12 V 0.15 A3 V

4 V1 A 2 V1 A 1 V2 A

R=2 X+ª º X=3 X

=1 A

=;1¡2;+ =;1™2;, R=6 X

=2 A

=1 2

2 3 1

,

, ,

10æ 20æ

3 20æ 60æ

4 12

12 V 6X (4+8)1

1 R

4X+8 X12 V 1

;2!;+;2!;

(7)

, ,

Cl— MgCl™ 2Na± CH£COO—

(-)

, (+)

(+) (-)

, ,

A C B

(+) (-)

,

¤ ¤

1 2

2 1

CuCl™ Cu¤ ±+2Cl™—

A , B , C

(-) (+)

(K±)

(SO¢¤ —)

(+) (K±) (-)

A , B

+1

K™SO¢ 2K±+SO¢¤ —

0

,

01 02 03 04

^A ^{, C}

A > C

05

^, ^,

06 07 08

³

09 10

01

^,

02

,

03

04

^A ^{, B} ^{, C}

B ,

05

,

06

^{(CrO¢¤ — )}

A (+)

(8)

07

08

^NH¢Cl ^NH¢± ^Cl— ^{1 1}

NH¢Cl NH¢±+Cl—

09

^Na™CO£ ¹ ²

1

10

Ag±, SO¢¤ —, CaCO£, Cl—

CaCl™, Na™CO£

(NaCl) (Ba(NO£)™)

(Cl—) (Ag±)

(Pb(NO£)™) (KI)

(CaCl™) , (KCl) ,

(NaCl)

(Cl—) Cl— (AgNO£)

(Ag±) (AgCl)

Cl—

Ag±

1 2

A (Pb¤ ±)

(-)

Ag™SO¢

, CaSO¢

1 2

(CaCl™) ,

2 1 (Na™CO£)

, (AgNO£)

(Cl—)

01 02

^CaCO£

03 04 05

06 07 08 09

^,

10 11 01

Ca¤ ± CO£¤ — ,

Na± Cl—

02

^CaCO£ ^, ^NaOH

CaCl™

(9)

03

^A

(Ca¤ ±) , B

(Cl—), C (Na±)

04

^(AgNO£) ^(Na™SO¢)

(Cl—) (Ba¤ ±)

05

^(Na™SO¢)

(Ba¤ ±) ,

(AgNO£) (Cl—)

06

07

^{Na±, K±}

08

,

09 10

, ,

11

^B

, ,

PbI™

A , B

C

NH¢Cl NH¢± Cl— 1 1 NH¢Cl NH¢±+Cl—

A>B A B

K± (-)

, SO¢¤ — (+)

(-)

, (+)

B C ,

A C

, ( )

B (-)

A (-)

A B

2 2 1 Na™CO£

,

(10)

1

^-1 ^A ^B

, C

1

^-2

2

^-1 ^KCl

2

^-2 ^,

1

^-2

2

^-1 ^AgNO£ ^Ag±

Cl— SO¢¤ — Ba¤ ± SO¢¤ —

K± X KCl

2

^-2 ^(KCl) ^(AgCl)

(KNO£) ,

(NaNO£)

12 V

, ,

, A NaCl, B K™CO£,

C Na™CO£ , ,

(-) (+)

,

IÅ=Iı+IÇ=IÎ C 250 mA-150 mA=100 mA

= _

=0.1 A 60 s=6 C ,

(+)

(+) , (-) (-)

,

(+) (+) , (-)

(-)

6 V, 4.5 V, 1.5 V, 4.5 V, 3 V

R•;sL; l 2 , s ;2!; R 4

4_8X=32 X Pb¤ ±, I— ,

K±, NO£— A K±, B NO£—

1 2 PbI™

(AgCl) Ag±

(KI) (I—) (Pb(NO£)™) (Pb¤ ±)

A Ca¤ ±

(CO£¤ —) B

(Ca¤ ±)

(Ca¤ ±) (NO£—)

Ca¤ ± (AgNO£)

(BaSO¢)

(Cl—) (Na±)

(Ag±) (I—) AgI

SO¢¤ — BaSO¢

Ba¤ ±

I— PbI™

(BaSO¢)

Na± Cl—

Cu¤ ±, Ba¤ ±, Ag±

(Na™SO¢) Ba¤ ± Ag±

(SO¢¤ —) BaSO¢ Ag™SO¢

(11)

,

2X 4V, 4X

8V

=4 V+8 V=12 V

R= = =3X

6X R 6X

, ( )

A

, B

1 1 2

Na± Cl—

Na± (-) Cl—

(+) A (-)

, B (+)

Na± Cl— 1 1 Na± Cl— 1 1

(+) (-) (MnO¢—) Na±

Ag± NO£— Cl—

9 V9 A V

I

NaCl, Na™CO£ ,

Na™CO£, K™CO£

SO¢¤ —

Ca¤ ±

,

, , 35 psu

, 0.01 %

1245 mm 880 mm 1.4

,

, ,

(12)

, ,

,

70

1 kg g

psu 100 g (2.72+0.38+0.17+0.13+0.10=)3.5 g

1000 g 35 g

=;10#0%0;_1000=35 psu

( + )

A

01 02 03

04 05 06 07 08 09

10 11 12

01

^D ^,

E

02

¹

03

^A ^{, B} ^{, C}

A A

B

04

³⁰

05

^,

06

^{500 g} ^{17.5 g}

_1000=35 psu

(psu)= _1000

07

,

08

7 1

09 10

11

^A ^{, B}

A C

12

1 kg 40 g=x 200000 g, x=5000 kg (g)(g)

17.5 g 500 g

,

, ,

, , , ,

(13)

, C-

, , ,

,

, ,

,

, ,

, , ,

,

( ) ( )

12 25 12

12 25

,

B

,

01 02 03 04 05 06

15 ,

07

^{B, D}

08

^,

09 10 11 12 13

01

^B

02

^E

03

^A

04

,

05 07

B, D

08 09

10

11

^B( ⁾ ^D( ⁾

12

^A ^{, B} ^{, C}

, D

13

,

(14)

A ( ), B , C

33 psu 32 g

A ,

B , C , D

B,

71 % ,

97.2 %

> > >

>

1

, ,

1000 g g

, ,

,

, ,

,

1 kg 33 g

33 psu

(35 psu)

35 psu 28 g=40 psu x, x=32 g ,

A

, B , C

, D

,

A , C D

,

13

50 ,

50 24 50 2

12 25

(15)

1

^-1

1

^-2

2

^-1

2

^-2 ^, ^,

1

^-1

-

1

^-2

2

^-1 ^{B D} ^,

A C

2

^-2^a ^{, b}

,

, 2, 4

, 2

,

E, ,

1 , 4

,

E 2

,

2

,

, ,

1 2

2

, 1 ,

2 10

5

1460 m/s 5 s=7300 m 3000~6000 m

(16)

01 02 03 04

,

05 06 07 08

^,

09

,

10 11 12

¹⁰⁰

, 9

01

(DNA)

02

^X ^{, Y}

03

^60æ

04

05

^,

06

^A ^,

B S

07 08

09

^,

,

10

^,

,

11

,

12

¹ ⁴

100 , 2n=18

1 n=9

1

2 1

2

4 1

,

, , ,

,

B,

,

(17)

2 1

,

, ,

, , ,

2 (3n) ,

(2n)

E

A n, B n, C n, D n, F 2n

2n=24

n, n, 2n, 3n 12 ,

12 , 24 , 36

,

01 02 03 04 05

06 07 08

^{12 ,} ^{12 ,} ¹²

09 10

^,

11 12

01

^,

02

,

03

,

04

^, ^, ^,

06

07

^,

,

08

^,

n

09

A , B C B E

10

B C

3n 2n

11

²ⁿ⁼⁴

A 3n=6

12

^A ² ¹⁸

, B 12

(18)

, , ,

,

7

,

n ,

,

266 ,

,

266

,

01 02 03

^,

04 05

06 07

^,

08 09 10 11 12 01

n

03

^A ^{, B} ⁿ ^,

04

05

, , ,

,

06

¹⁵

(19)

07

^A ^{, B}

( )

08

fljjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj‡

09 10

11

²⁸⁰ ⁹ ⁵

12 10

12

,

, ,

3 , ,

, , ,

23 X Y

22+X ,

,

2

2n 12

B

,

A ,

B 2

,

2

, 2 2

2 ,

n

2

,

B (2n)

n

1 2 3

8

(20)

1

^-1

1

^-2

2

^-1

2

^-2

1

^-1

1

^-2

2

^-1

2

^-2 ⁴⁸ ⁴⁸ ^,

48 24

,

A

, ,

A 6 , B 6 , C 12 ,

,

;8!;

, 3

, ,

, , ,

32 psu 3.5 g=35 psu x, x?3.8 g

, ,

B C

,

(21)

A 2

B 1

C 4

(3n)= (n)+ 2 (n, n) +B

(2n)= (n)+ (n) +D

2n=12 A B n 6 , D A B

2n=12

,

01 02 03 04 05

^{C, E, F}

06

^,

07 08 09 10 11

12 13 14 15 16

17 01

A

02

,

03

^,

04

B ,

05

^,

06

^,

07

^C

08

,

09

10

12

^,

13

,

14 15 16

,

17

01

^,

0 2 03

^B

C,

04 05 06

07

B>A>C>D

08 09 10

^{102.9 g}

11 12 13 14 15 16

17 01

, , , ,

,

(22)

02

^,

03

,

A 1 g/cm‹ , B 2 g/cm‹ , C 2 g/cm‹ , D 0.7 g/cm‹ , E 0.5 g/cm‹

04 05

06

^{(25æ), 1} ^A ^B ^, ^C

D , E

07

80æ 20æ

,

B A

D

08

09

10

^{( )} ^{155 g} ^20æ

100 g ( ) 20.7 g

55 g-20.7 g=34.3 g

( ) 465 g 20æ 155 g

34.3 g=465 g x , x=102.9 g

11 12

13

^,

+

14

^,

15

E

16

17 01 02

^{60 J}

03 04 05

^{< =}

06 0 7 08 09 10 11

12

^,

13 14 15

^{200 N}

16 17 18 19 20

01

02

⁼ ^_

=30 N_2 m=60 J

03

^F=w_^;bA; ^{200 N_} ^{=40 N}

04

200 N_3 m=600 J

600 J=50 N_x x=12 m

05

(5 9.8) N_1 m=49 J, (10 9.8) N_1 m=98 J, (5 9.8) N_2 m=98 J

06

^{20 cm} ^{40 cm}

, 1

49 N

49 N_0.4 m=19.6 J

20 cm 100 cm

(23)

07

=6 2 1

08

09

;2!;_2 kg_(4 m/s)¤+20 J=;2!;_2 kg v¤, v=6 m/s

10

11

² ⁴

90 km/h 10 m_4=40 m

12

=(10_9.8) N_6 m=588 J

=(10_9.8) N_1 m=98 J

13

14

⁼ ⁼

_

=100 N_0.3 m=30 J

15

⁼

= _

5 N_0.4 m=F_0.01 m, F=200 N

16 17

5 m (9.8 5) N_ 5 m=245 J

, 3 m

(9.8 5) N_3 m=147 J 147 (245-147)=3 2

18

^B

19

^{10 m}

5 kg_10 m=490 J ,

;2!;_5 kg_(8 m/s)¤=160 J 490 J+160 J=650 J

20

⁼

=(9.8_2) N_5 m-;2!; 2 kg_(8 m/s)¤

=98 J-64 J=34 J 60 W1 30 W1

10 W1

0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5

,

0 6 0 7 08 09 10 11

^A

12 13 14 15 16 17

01

02

,

03

,

04

05

^A ^{, E}

06

, 2~3

07

,

08 09 10

11

,

12 13

14

^{12 m/s} ^, ^,

(24)

15

^, ^, ^,

16

17 08 09

10

A 30æ

60æ 210 g 100 g

110 g 20æ 32 g

78 g

11

³

;8!; 50 N ,

8 8 m

50 N 8 m=400 J

12 13

44 J+C =98 J C

54 J

14

15

^20~30km

, ,

16

70(%)= 100 x 12.1(g/cm‹ ) 14æ

17

18

^,

19

^,

, 5 m/s

17.3x

0 1 0 2

^,

03 04 05 06

07 08 09

^,

10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 01

02

⁽ ⁾

,

03

^, ^,

04

,

, ,

05

^,

06

^,

07

² ²

,