Dielectric Properties of CuO-doped K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 Single Crystals
Chan-Ku Lee ∗
Institute of General Education, Kyungnam University, Changwon 631-701, Korea
Jun-Kyu Moon
Department of Science Education, Kyungnam University, Changwon 631-701, Korea (Received 9 May 2014 : revised 22 July 2014 : accepted 4 August 2014)
The dielectric properties of K
0.5Na
0.5NbO
3− xCuO (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) single crystals grown by using the Czochralski method were investigated. The capacitance and the tanδ of the K
0.5Na
0.55NbO
3(KNN)- xCuO crystals were measured in the temperature range from 30
◦
C to 650
◦C. Two phase transitions, one at T
T −0(tetragonal-orthorhombic transition) and the other at T
C(Curie temperature), were observed in the KNN and the CuO-doped KNN crystals.
A thermal (heating-cooling) hysteresis of the dielectric constant was observed at T − O transitions temperature. A fitting of the experimental data to a modified Curie-Weiss equation indicated the occurrence of a non-relaxor ferroelectric transition in the KNN-xCuO crystals that could be assigned as a first-order phase transition. The Curie-Weiss exponent γ had values near 1, the same as the value for a normal ferroelectric. Double hysteresis loops were observed for the x = 0.02 CuO-doped KNN crystal.
PACS numbers: 77.22.Ch, 77.84.Dy, 77.80.Bh Keywords: Phase transition, Dielectrics, Hysteresis
CuO õ u § Y 8 È X ¢ K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 m+ s ÇX N Ë8 ý ¥ ¹ ÅX ì Ä V R Ëù m Ç
T
¾ 6 Ò¦ ∗
â
z @ / < Æ § § ª l í §¹ ¢ ¤" é ¶, ½ Ó" é ¶ 631-701
' Ö
<+ Ö <¦
â
z @ / < Æ § õ < Æ §¹ ¢ ¤ õ , ½ Ó" é ¶ 631-701
(2014¸ 5 Z 4 9{ 9 ~ Ã Î6 £ §, 2014¸ 7 Z 4 22{ 9 Ã º& ñ : r ~ Ã Î6 £ §, 2014¸ 8 Z 4 4{ 9 > F S X & ñ )
Czochralski Z O Ü ¼ Ð $ í © r K
0.5Na
0.5NbO
3− x CuO (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) é ß & ñ _ Ä
» & h $ í | 9 ` ¦ ¸ % i . K
0.5Na
0.5NbO
3(KNN)- x CuO é ß & ñ _ Ä » © à ºü < Ä » < Hz ´ 8 £ ¤& ñ É r
:
r ¸ # 3 0 A 30 ∼ 650
◦C \ " f KNN-x CuO é ß & ñ _ Ä » Ö ¦ 8 £ ¤& ñ \ " f { 9 ~ ½ Ó& ñ > -& ñ ~ ½ Ó& ñ > (C − T )ü <
&
ñ ~ ½ Ó& ñ > - ~ ½ Ó& ñ > (T − O)_ 5 Å q& h © s { 9 # Q H ¿ º > h_ © s \ ¦ ' a ¹ 1 Ï % i ¦, Ä » © Ã º_
\ P
s § 4 / B G É r T − O © s \ " f z ¤ . Ã º& ñ ) a Curie-Weiss ~ ½ Ó& ñ d \ Ä » © Ã º z ´+ « >u \ ¦ @ /{ 9 ô
Ç õ KNN-x CuO é ß & ñ _ Curie-Weiss t à º γ ° ú כ É r γ ≈1 s % 3 ¦, s H + þ A& h y © Ä » ^ t
H t à º ° ú כ 1\ H] X H non-relaxor y © Ä » ^ Ð S X ÷ &% 3 ¦ { 9 © s _ 1 l x` ¦ Ð% i . Õ ªo 779
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\
" f H s × æ s § 4 / B G ` ¦ Ð% i .
PACS numbers: 77.22.Ch, 77.84.Dy, 77.80.Bh Keywords: © s , Ä » ^ , s § 4 / B G
I. " e  ] Ø
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â
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Ç ' a d Ü ¼ Ð @ /¿ º÷ & ¦ e . Õ ª × æ Ä ºÃ ºô Ç · ú è H
@
/Â Òì r ^ \ Ä »K ô Ç ± ú (Pb)" é ¶ è\ ¦ í < Êô Ç o½ + ËÓ ü t Ð
"
f 2 ;¨ 8 â & h @ /^ Ó ü t| 9 ` ¦ כ ¹½ ¨ ¦ e . Á º · ú Ó ü t| 9
×
æ \ " f K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 ( s KNN) H © ´ ú §s s 6 x
÷
& H Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 > ü < q § # Ä ºÃ ºô Ç · ú : £ ¤$ í (d 33
= 160 Pc/N, k p = 0.45) õ © @ /& h Ü ¼ Ð Z } É r Curie : r
¸(T c = 420 ◦ C)\ ¦ t ¦ e # Q y 7 á x G ' p" f Ó oÈ Ó\ s '
1 p x _ 6 £ x6 x \ Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 _ @ /^ Ó ü t| 9 Ð" f Ä »} © ô Ç
כ
× æ Ð · ú 94 R e [1–5]. Õ ª Q { 9 ì ø Í& h [ j b /
B N& ñ Ü ¼ Ð ] j ) a (K,Na)NbO 3 H è $ í s a % ~ t · ú § ¦ x 9
¸ ± ú è Ð" f · ú : £ ¤$ í õ y © Ä » $ í s 8 A# Q
t · ú § . " f Ä »6 x ô Ç è Ð 6 x l 0 AK " f
H (K,Na)NbO 3 _ Ä » & h , y © Ä » & h , · ú & h : £ ¤$ í ` ¦ 8
¾ Ó © r & ô Ç . · ú Ó ü t| 9 ½ ¨ [ þ t É r · ú $ í 0 p x > h
~
½ ÓZ O Ü ¼ Ð ¸i ç [6]õ , è כ ¹ è\ ¦ ] j# Q H ~ ½ ÓZ O [7],
&
ñ $ í © Z O [8] 1 p x` ¦ 6 x ¦ e . Õ ªo ¦ [ j b _ â Ä
º è ^ Ð" f SrTiO 3 [9], MnO 2 [11–13], CuO [14–16]
1 p
x` ¦ 6 x # è : r ¸\ ¦ > h ¦ e . Á º · ú Ó ü t
| 9
× æ \ " f é ß & ñ Ü ¼ Ð $ í © ) a Ó ü t| 9 s & ñ Ð ¸ Ä º Ã
ºô Ç · ú : £ ¤$ í ` ¦ t H כ Ü ¼ Ð Ð ¦÷ &% 3 [8]. þ j H
\
(K 1−x Na x )NbO 3 > & ñ $ í © ` ¦ NaF KF/NaF
\
¦ D ¥ ½ + Ëô Ç כ ¢ ¸ H NaBO 2 1 p x` ¦ flux Ð 6 x ô Ç fluxZ O 1 p x [17–20] _ é ß & ñ ½ ¨ü < KNN é ß & ñ õ Li/Ta " é ¶ è
¸i ç ) a KNN é ß & ñ ` ¦ ¦ © & ñ $ í © (solid-state single crystal growth)Z O Ü ¼ Ð $ í © r é ß & ñ _ ½ ¨ Ð ¦
÷
&% 3 [21,22].
KNbO 3 -NaNbO 3 ¦6 x ^ _ Ä » & h ½ ¨ H Shirane 1 p x [23] \ _ K % 6 £ § Ü ¼ Ð Ð ¦÷ &% 3 Ü ¼ 9 y © Ä » & h s § 4 / B G
É r Matthias ü < Remeika [24]\ _ K © : r \ " f 400 ◦ C : r
¸# 3 0 A t ' a ¹ 1 Ï÷ &% 3 ¦ 400 ◦ C s © : r ¸\ " f H © Ä »
© כ Ü ¼ Ð Ð ¦ % i . Lei 1 p x [25] É r KNN [ j b _ Ä
» © Ã º 8 £ ¤& ñ z ´+ « >\ " f Curie : r ¸ H T c = 420 ◦ C s
¦, 2 s & h É r 190 ◦ C Ð Ð ¦ % i . Singh 1 p x [26] É r
¦ © ì ø Í6 £ xZ O \ _ K ] j ) a (K 1−x Na x )NbO 3 [ j b \ " f
∗