40-Year History of KRIHS

1978-2018

40-Year History of KRIHS

40-Year History of

KRIHS

40 -Y ea r H ist or y o f K RIH S

Envisioning the future

of the national territory

1978 - 2018

40-Year History of KRIHS

Envisioning the future

of the national territory

1978 - 2018

40-Year History of KRIHS

006 008 014

Message from the President KRIHS Timeline

40 Years of History in Pictures

※ In the alphabetical order the position, or Surname.

CONTENTS

40-Year History of KRIHS (1978~2018)

031

034

037

040

043

048

051

Part 1

National Territorial Planning & Regional Research

Lee Wonsup, Hong Saheum

Part 2

Urban Research

Lee Yongwoo, Lim Sangyeon

Part 3

Urban Regeneration Research

Lee Wanggeun, Lim Sangyeon

Part 4

Housing & Real Estate Market Research Lee Soowook, Jeon Seongje

Part 5

Land Research

Kim Sungil, Cho Junghee

Part 6

Transportation Research

Yi Choonyong, Choi Jaesung

Part 7

National Geospatial Information Research

Sakong Hosang, Lim Yongho

RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS OVER PAST 4 DECADES

Chapter2

023

026

028

Part 1

Purpose of Foundation Part 2

Organization Part 3

KRIHS by the Numbers

ABOUT KRIHS

Chapter1

055 057 061 065 069

Part 1

Outline of International Cooperation Part 2

Establishing an Overseas Network (MOU) Part 3

International Joint Research and Commissioned Projects Part 4

Training Programs Part 5

Hosting and Participating in International Seminars

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

Chapter3

079 40-Year History of National Territorial Policy : Retrospect and prospect

Ahn Kunhyuk, Choe Byungsun, Kang Hyunsoo, Kim Jungho, Lee Jungsik, Lee Kunyoung, Lee Sangjoon

KRIHS 40TH ANNIVERSARY SYMPOSIUM

Chapter4

Part 1

Achieving the Dream of Acquiring Government Building : From the opening to Pyeongchon government building

Park Hunju, Lee Pansik

Part 2

Opening the Era of Sejong : Government building in Sejong

Jeon Junho, Chung Jinkyu, Kim Yongeon

Part 3

40-Year History and Evolution of KRIHS Office Building

097

104

114

STORY OF GOVERNMENT BUILDING

Chapte5

40-Year History of

KRIHS

Chung Jinkyu, An Yehyun

Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS) is a government- sponsored think-tank, established on October 4, 1978.

The year 2018 holds special meaning for KRIHS, as it welcomes the 40th anniversary since its founding. The Institute has grown steadily over the past 40 years thanks to the passionate and pioneering efforts of all of its members, under the leadership of the first President Rho Yung Hee and his successors. This white paper entitled, 40-Year history of Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, is a modest effort to recollect and reflect on the past 40 years of the Institute’s journey so as to devise farsighted plans that span many generations.

While the 5th Comprehensive National Territorial Plan is set to launch this year to provide a blueprint for the next 20 years of the national territory, expectations remain high for KRIHS on its role in achieving balanced territorial development and improving the quality of lives for people.

KRIHS and all of its members are committed not only to providing insightful research outcomes for the nation’s future but also to turning the ideals into reality.

KRIHS seeks to promote territorial policies based on long-term projects concerning: balanced national development in the era of low economic growth and depopulation; housing policies to overcome the challenges of low birth rate and social polarization in the housing sector; regional industrial policies to cope with crises in leading industries; and sustainable, eco-friendly land development and conservation policies in the face of climate change.

In addition, in order to institutionalize new policy paradigms to adapt to changing times, KRIHS will promote more research endeavors on reorganization of the national territory and land use plans, strengthening the connection between national territorial and environmental plans, and housing

006 40-Year History of KRIHS

Message from the President

space models for an alternative lifestyle. More studies will be done to address enduring problems, such as reckless development of industrial complexes, gentrification, as well as long-pending projects related to urban planning facilities. KRIHS also looks to expand the scope of its research on North Korea by taking a holistic approach to the issues of the Korean Peninsula, gathering information on the status of North Korean cities, establishing national territorial plan for the Korean Peninsula, and supporting the development of new economic map in preparation for the era of reconciliation and inter-Korean cooperation amid growing rapprochement. KRIHS will continue to strive to become world’s leading think tank in the era of globalization based on the principle of win-win development of Northeast Asia, through international cooperation with developing regions, such as East Asia and Latin America. Upon entering this era marked by communication and cooperation, KRIHS looks to take the lead in establishing a cooperative research network in national territory. The Institute will continue to pursue practical cooperation that will yield fruitful results for all people, by working with the best researchers and research institutes at home and abroad, activists in the field, policymakers, legislators, as well as the central and local governments. Based on the research findings accumulated over the course of 40 years since its foundation in 1978, KRIHS is growing to become more than just a state-funded research organization but a leading think tank in all of North-East Asia, as it contributes to creating an advanced national territory. On behalf of the Institute, I extend my sincere gratitude to all those who have shown us unwavering love and support for the past 40 years, and I look forward to your continued cooperation in the coming years. Most of all, I want to give a special thanks to Chairperson Kim Sunhee and all the members of the compilation committee for putting together the 40-Year history of KRIHS for this white paper.

October 2018 Kang Hyunsoo President of Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements

KRIHS Timeline

1980. 5. 28

Held Invited Lecture by Prof. Edwin Mills of Princeton University, U.S.A.

1981. 6. 1

Regional Development Institute (Attached to Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) Merged into KRIHS

1981. 12. 5

Inauguration of 2nd President, Kim Uiwon

1982. 2. 22

Relocation of KRIHS to Yeoksam- dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 1982. 7. 6~8. 3

Public Hearing on Provincial Development Plan

1983. 5. 13

Public Hearing on Basic Plan (draft) for Capital Region Promotion

1984. 6. 27~28

Symposium on Urban Development in Localized World

1984. 12. 5

Inauguration of 3rd President, Hwang Myungchan

1985. 10. 29

KRIHS Building Relocation to Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul

1986. 8. 25~29

International Forum on National Territorial Development Strategies 1988. 2. 2

Founding of the KRIHS Labor Union 1988. 6. 9

Public Hearing on Route Number Assignment for Major Thoroughfares in Seoul

1988. 8. 9

Inauguration of 4th President, Huh Jaeyoung

1988. 9. 9

Commission for Study on Public Ownership of Land Hosted

1980 1980s

1978. 4. 17

KRIHS Establishment Plan approved by President of the Republic of Korea 1978. 9. 14

Inauguration of 1st President, Roh Yunghee

1978. 10. 4

Inception of KRIHS (Keukdong Building, Chungmuro, Seoul)

1978. 10. 18

First Open Recruitment of Research Staff (67)

1979. 1. 24

Promulgation of Enforcement Decree of Law on Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (Presidential Decree No. 9294)

1979. 8. 8~10

Held International Seminar on Basic Strategies and Policy for Capital Regional Planning

1980 1978

~1979

008 40-Year History of KRIHS

1988. 10. 6

KRIHS 10th Anniversary Celebration Ceremony

1989. 3. 22

Policy Discussion on Housing Stabilization for Non-Homeowners 1989. 7. 21

Public Hearing on New Town Development Plan

1990. 2. 22

Public Hearing on Rent Stabilization and Anti-Speculation Measures 1990. 3. 14

Public Hearing on Enactment of Basic Law on Land

1990. 11. 20

First Korea-Japan Construction Economy Workshop

1991. 3. 21~22

Hosted UN Conference on Mega- Urban System of Asia-Pacific Regions toward the 21st Century 1991. 5. 6

Relocation to Yeoui-do, Seoul 1991. 8. 28~29

Public Hearing on Rent Stabilization and Anti-Speculation Measures 1992. 1. 30

Groundbreaking of New KRIHS Pyeongchon Building

1992. 3. 23

Established Sister City Relationship with DATAR, France

1992. 5. 9

Awarded President’s Commendation for 3rd National Territorial

Development Plan 1993. 3. 29

Inauguration of 5th President, Lee Sangryong

1993. 6. 10

Public Hearing on Improvement of Land Acquisition by Foreigners 1993. 8. 31

Public Hearing on Institutional Improvement for Development- Restricted Areas

1993. 9. 7

Inauguration of 6th President, Lee Kunyoung

1994. 1. 7

Discussion Session on Promotion of GIS Establishment and Application

1980 1990s

1994. 4. 27

Completion of New KRIHS Pyeongchon Building Construction and Relocation 1994. 5. 4

Public Hearing on Institutional Improvement for Development- Restricted Areas

1994. 10. 26~28

International Seminar on Urban and Regional Development Strategies in the Era of Globalization, Co-hosted by KRIHS and British Council to Korea 1995. 11. 30~12. 1

International Conference on Establishment of 21st Century Land System

1996. 6. 13~14

International Conference on Industrial Cooperation and Regional Development Strategies for Northeast Asia

1996. 8. 6

Public Hearing on Basic Law for Construction Industry

1996. 10. 16~18

Second Asia Construct International Forum

1997. 1. 4

Founding of National Territorial Information Center

1997. 3. 26

Inauguration of 7th President, Ryu Sangyoul

1997. 7. 29

Inauguration of 8th President, Hong Chul

1997. 8. 21

Public Hearing on Facilitation of Land Supply Through Deregulation 1997. 12. 10

Geospatial Information Center Officially Commended by Minister of Information and Communications 1998. 1. 15

National Territorial Planning and Strategic Response to Financial Crisis Open Forum

1998. 3. 25

Seminar on Private Investment Attraction System and Promotion of Foreign Investment in SOC Sector

1998. 9. 9

Symposium on Long-Term National Territorial Vision of 21st Century 1999. 1. 29

Placed under Supervision of Korea Council of Economic and Social Research Institutes of Prime Minister in Accordance with the “Act on the Establishment, Management and Promotion of Government-Sponsored Research Institutes”

1999. 4. 1

Establishment of Private Infrastructure Investment Center of Korea

1999. 12. 6

Inauguration of 9th President, Lee Jungsik

010 40-Year History of KRIHS

2003. 2. 13

International Workshop on Innovation Clusters and Regional Economic Development

2003. 7. 9

Seminar on Economic Effects of New Administrative Capital Construction 2003. 9. 19

KRIHS E-library Granted Excellence Awards in “E-library Competitive Exhibition”

2003. 10. 16

Symposium for 25th Anniversary of Founding of KRIHS

2004. 1. 9

Korea China Japan International Seminar on Promotion Strategy of Tourism Hub in Northeast Asia 2004. 10. 1

International Seminar on Transparency

& Efficiency in Real Estate Market 2004. 12

Korea Spatial Planning Review Registered with Korea Research Foundation

2005. 3. 27

Private Infrastructure Investment Center of Korea Transferred to KDI

2005. 5. 26

Awarded “Best Institute” in “2004 Evaluation of Member Research Institutes” by National Research Council for Economics, Humanities and Social Sciences for 2 Consecutive Years 2005. 8. 31

Public Hearing on Revision Plan Proposal of Fourth Comprehensive National Territorial Plan

2005. 12. 6

Inauguration of 11th President, Choe Byungsun

2006. 5. 17 GIS KOREA 2006 2006. 6. 15

International Seminar on Creating Livable Cities

2006. 7. 10

Ranked No.1 in “Evaluation of Innovative Public Institutions” by Planning and Budget Ministry, Among 23 Research Institutes under the Umbrella of the National Research Council for Economics, Humanities and Social Sciences 2000. 1. 21

Public Policy Forum on Geoeconomic Strategy for Management of Korean Peninsula in the 21st Century 2000. 9. 20

Inaugural Ceremony of New Territorial Research Council and Public Discussion Session

2001. 10. 11

International Conference on the Culture and Economy of Cities 2001. 12. 22

Public Hearings on Metropolitan Road Network Plan of Capital Region 2002. 9. 13

Seminar on Development of the Technologies and Techniques on the Natural Ecosystem Conservation and Restoration during Construction Process

2002. 9. 26

Public Policy Forum on Improvement of National Land Use and Planning

2002. 12. 6

Inauguration of 10th President, Lee Kyubang

1980 2000s

2008. 4. 7

Ranked No.1 in “Customer Satisfaction Survey” by Prime Minister’s Office 2008. 6. 18

Inauguration of 12th President, Park Yangho

2009. 5. 8

Selected as Best Institute in Evaluation of Research Institutes in 2008 by National Research Council for Economics, Humanities and Social Sciences

2009. 11. 4

Held OECD-KRIHS International Seminar on Global Change and Urban Policy

2009. 11. 9

Held World Bank-KRIHS Seminar on Common Policy

2009. 11. 26

Held European Chamber of Commerce in Korea’s Property Committee-KRIHS Conference on Sustainable Urban Development

2006. 8. 24

Workshop on Restructuring and Competitiveness of Major Metropolitan Regions in Northeast Asia

2006. 12. 1

Establishement of Code of Conduct for Research

2007. 6. 15

Inception of KRIHS-affiliated Architecture and Urban Research Institute

2007. 7. 17

Inception of Road Policy Research Center

2007. 7. 27

UBIN of KRIHS Topped “Innovation Competitive Exhibition” Held by National Research Council for Economics, Humanities and Social Sciences

2008. 2. 21

Inception of Construction Industry Information Center

2010. 2. 10

Received Prime Minister’s Citation for Outstanding Research Institution in 2009 (Group Section)

2010. 12. 30

Establishment of Global Development Partnership Center (GDPC)

2010. 12. 31

Inception of Secretariat for Eastern Regional Organization of Planning and Human Settlements (EAROPH) 2011. 6. 18

Inauguration of 13th President, Park Yangho

2011. 12. 14

Selected as No.1 Invested, Contributed and Auxiliary Agency in Integrity Evaluation of Public Institutions in 2011

2012. 8. 8

Establishment of National Territorial Plan Assessment Center

2013. 8. 16

Inauguration of 14th President, Kim Kyunghwan

1980 2010s

012 40-Year History of KRIHS

2014. 4. 8

Held International Seminar on Living Care, Safety and Future

2014. 8. 7

Held KRIHS-World Bank Joint Workshop

2014. 10. 7

Held International Seminar on Spatial Policy Challenges

2014. 10. 27

Held KRIHS-IDB Regular Workshop 2015. 4. 8

Held Seminar on Policy for Future Territory and Competitiveness 2015. 6. 30

Inauguration of 15th President, Kim Dongju

2015. 10. 28

Held Seminar on National Urban Policy Direction for 37th Opening Anniversary of Growth and Inclusion 2016. 5. 30

Held KRIHS-World Bank (WBG/

OLC) Blended Learning Workshop on Sustainable Urban Land Use Planning and Management

2016. 7. 13

Held 1st Public Hearing for Comprehensive National Road Plan (draft)

2016. 10. 16

Held UN-Habitat III General Assembly and Conference 2016. 10. 26

Seminar in Celebration of 38th Anniversary on “How to Build Future-Oriented Smart City”

2016. 12. 7

Held 2016 International Conference on Global Smart Cities (ICGSC) 2017. 1. 16

Relocation to Government Complex Sejong

2017. 7. 4

Held Seminar on New Government’s Territorial and Urban Policy Directions and Policy Tasks

2017. 12. 14~16

Held KRIHS-Seoul Metropolitan Government-World Bank Joint Workshop on Policy Response to Metro Lab-Metropolitan Growth

2018. 3. 28

Held Seminar on Policy for Innovation Cities and Local Development 2018. 4. 18

Held Seminar on Policy for Innovation Cities and Local Development

2018. 7. 10

Inauguration of 16th President, Kang Hyunsoo

1978 1979 1980

40 Years of History in Pictures

1980 Reporting on Comprehensive National Territorial Development Plan (draft) to Minister of Construction

1978 Handwriting of Late President Park Chunghee, in Celebration of the Founding of the Institute

1979 Staff Meeting in the Early Days

1978~79

Taking the First Step for Balanced National Territorial Development

The 1980 ^S

Laying the Cornerstone for National Territorial Development to Improve the Lives of People

014 40-Year History of KRIHS

1981 Public Hearing on 2nd Comprehensive National Territorial Development Plan

1982 Korea-Germany Transport Symposium for Seoul Olympic Games

1982 Korea Spatial Planning Review, First Publication of KRIHS Academic Journal 1983 Planning and Policy, First Publication of KRIHS Monthly

1981 1982 1983

1981 Training Program on Land and Housing of Korea for Saudi Arabian Students

1983 1988 1989

1983 Founding of KRIHS Baseball Team

1988 Ceremony for 10^th Anniversary of Founding of KRIHS

1988 Publication of First Decennial Review of KRIHS

1983 Ceremony for 5^th Anniversary of Founding of KRIHS

1983 Publication of First Quinquennial Review of KRIHS

1989 Public Forum on Expanded Introduction to Public Concept of Land Ownership

016 40-Year History of KRIHS

1990 1991 1996

1991 Public Policy Forum on Establishment of 3rd Comprehensive National Territorial Development Plan

1990 1st Korea-Japan Construction Economy Joint Workshop

1996 Publication of

Human Settlements 50-Year History 1996 Home Coming Event in Celebration of Publication of

Human Settlements 50-Year History

The 1990 ^S

Making Policy Proposals for Balanced

National Territorial Development and

Land Development

1997 Promotion and Reform of Computer Center to National Territorial Information Center 1998 National Territorial Planning and Strategic Response to Financial Crisis Open Forum

1997 1998 1999

1999 New Signboard Hanging Ceremony of KRIHS as Placed under the Supervision of the Korea Council of Economic and Social Research Institutes of the Prime Minister in accordance with the “Act on the Establishment, Management and Promotion of Government-Sponsored Research Institutes”

1998 Long-Term National Territorial Vision of 21st Century Symposium 1998 Publication of 20-Year History of KRIHS

018

2000 1st Anniversary Seminar of PICKO (Private Infrastructure Investment Center of Korea)

The 2000 ^S

Laying the Groundwork for the Next Giant Leap as a Global Research Institute

2002 Selected as 2001 Best Research Institute by National Research Council for Economics, Humanities and Social Sciences

2003 International Workshop on Innovation Clusters and Regional Economic Development

2000 2002 2003 2004

2006 Establishment of Urban Innovation Center 2005 Public Hearings on the 3rd Capital Region Readjustment Plan

2005 2006 2007 2008

2008 Ceremony of KRIHS 30th Anniversaryand Proclamation of C.I 2007 Opening Ceremony of KRIHS-affiliated

Architecture and Urban Research Institute

2008 Publication of 30-Year History of KRIHS

020 40-Year History of KRIHS

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

2018 Symposium on Establishment of 5th Comprehensive National Territorial Plan, Vision and Strategy for Next 20 Years of National Territory

The 2010 ^S

A Leading Think Tank in National Territorial Policy Developmenet

2014 International Seminar on Spatial Policy Challenges 2010 Establishment of Global Development Partnership

Center (GDPC)

ABOUT KRIHS

Chapter

1

Part 1 Purpose of Foundation Part 2 Organiaztion

Part 3 KRIHS by the Numbers

Part 1

Purpose of Foundation

The Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS) was established in 1978 to undertake comprehensive research on the use, development, and conservation of the territory, thus contributing to the balanced territorial development of the nation and enhancing quality of people’s lives. Committed to its epochal mission of “realizing a territory with beautiful nature and pleasant living environment,” KRIHS has been conducting, since its inception, various research endeavors directed towards a sustainable, balanced and knowledge-based territory while leading the future of the territory. Its future-oriented and practical research supports the government in establishing short-to medium-term plans and policies of the country.

KRIHS performs a wide range of research on land use and conservation, urban and regional planning, housing and land policies, transportation, construction economics, environment, water resources management and geographic information system construction. By so doing, KRIHS is taking a leading role in realizing an affluent and safe territory of Korea in the 21st century.

In addition to this, KRIHS is actively involved in international research cooperation, carrying out joint and cooperative research projects with overseas research institutes and international organizations.

It holds international seminars and conferences inviting world-renowned academics and experts in a bid to exchange scholarly information on the use and conservation of territorial resources with professionals and experts abroad.

Lastly, KRIHS provides training programs for government officials from developing countries around the globe. The programs are intended to share with them knowledge and experiences in spatial planning, which KRIHS has accumulated over the past several decades, so that the participants can learn lessons from Korea’s experiences in establishing and implementing territorial policies and strategies.

Function

The main task of KRIHS is to conduct a future-oriented and practical research based on the actual conditions of the territory, with the intent to explore mid-to long-term policy agendas of the nation, lead and support government policies,

and analyze and address territory-related social issues. It performs a wide range of research in the areas of land use and

conservation, urban and regional planning, housing and land policies, transportation, construction economics, environment, water resources, geographic information system (GIS) and Northeast Asian regional issues, as well as the establishment of

comprehensive territorial policies of Korea. By doing so, KRIHS is playing a leading role in realizing an affluent and safe territory.

The major functions of KRIHS are as follows;

024

Chapter 1 ABOUT KRIHS

40-Year History of KRIHS

To formulate long-range national and regional development plans

To carry out studies on the efficient use and conservation of the territory, and management of the land resources

To conduct policy research on territory-related fields such as land, housing, urban planning and construction industry

To perform comprehensive research on social overhead capital (SOC)

To systematically manage and supply data on national land resources

To carry out researches on architecture and urban space

To carry out joint research and cooperative research project in collaboration with provincial

governments, research institutes at home and abroad, and international organizations To provide research services to public and

private organizations at home and abroad To publish and distribute its research outcomes

To perform projects related to the above research and others regarded as needed to achieve its goals

To exchange scholarly information with other professional organizations domestic and foreign, and provide training for human settlement management and planning professionals

KRIHS is comprised of six research divisions, three centers, and the KRIHS affiliated Architecture &

Urban Research Institute: National Territorial &

Regional Planning Research Division, Environment

& Culture Research Division, Urban Research Division, Land & Housing Research Division, Transportation Research Division, Infrastructure

& Construction Economics Research Division, Geospatial Information Research Center, Northeast Asian Regional Development Center, and Urban Innovation Center; and three research supporting divisions: Research Planning Coordination &

Innovation Division, Administration Division and Communications & Public Relations Center.

Part 2

Organization

026 40-Year History of KRIHS

Chapter 1 ABOUT KRIHS

Territorial research projects

In an effort to respond to the government’s pending issues and provide an appropriate direction for territorial development, KRIHS established research and business goals that support the implementation of the government’s policy agenda and territorial policies.

13

288

875

1,366

1,343

3,885

Status of Research Efforts

Current status of research tasks for national strategies mainly in the field of territory

1

27

22

43

7

Total of

100

Part 3

KRIHS

by the Numbers

028

Chapter 1 ABOUT KRIHS

40-Year History of KRIHS

Current status of achievement of spreading research progress

In order to share research progress, KRIHS has been holding seminars, presentations, contests, etc. for the people and local communities, while also operating related websites to offer professional knowledge about territorial policies.

3,508 photos submitted to the 5th Photo Contest of Beautiful Territory

6,423 entries made to the 22nd National Elementary School Students’

writing Contest

271 participations in Elementary School Students’ Territory Exploration

59 participants in national land education for teacher training

10 schools and 105 teachers participated in 2017 Smart Child Safety Maps Production Contest

3,124 participants in the National Geography Olympiad Number of website visitors

Held an event for communication with the public

Overseas research projects

Held invitational training

Established overseas network

Conducted international joint research and contract research

Enhanced joint research effort with overseas experts and institutions

700,000 people on KRIHS website

1,006 people on Facebook

413,000 people on electronic library

178,490 people on road policy website

75,739 people on “Realize Your Imagination” website

4,006 people on Global Development Partnership Center website

17,373 people on UBIN website

8 cases of international joint research

5 cases of overseas contract research

9 cases of overseas research ordered by domestic institutions

Strengthened and reinforced MOUs in 7 ^cases

Signed 6 ^{new MOUs}

Hosted 37 international events Participated in 42 international events

125 people in 32 countries

RESEARCH

ACCOMPLISHMENTS OVER PAST 4 DECADES

Chapter

2

Part 1 National Territorial Planning & Regional Research Lee Wonsup, Hong Saheum

Part 2 Urban Research

Lee Yongwoo, Lim Sangyeon Part 3 Urban Regeneration Research

Lee Wanggeun, Lim Sangyeon

Part 4 Housing & Real Estate Market Research Lee Soowook, Jeon Seongje

Part 5 Land Research

Kim Sungil, Cho Junghee Part 6 Transportation Research

Yi Choonyong, Choi Jaesung

Part 7 National Geospatial Information Research Sakong Hosang, Lim Yongho

Research on national territorial planning and regional development of Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS) are classified into 4 main categories. The first category is the national territorial planning and territorial policy and the main research topics include measures for narrowing gaps among regions and balanced development of national territories, establishment and modification of comprehensive plan to develop national territories, and the assessment on the implementation outcome and plan for national territorial development. The second category is related to the regional economy and regional development plan concerning analysis of regional economy, studies on policy and planning of the metropolitan area, and development of a regional plan. Third is the industrial location and regional innovation system, and the relevant topics include industrial location, regional innovation, and innovative city. The last category concerns research on the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia, in areas of cross-border regional development of South and

–North Korea, cooperative strategies in Northeast Asia, territorial development of the North, and inter- Korean cooperation strategies in the national territorial development.

Research conducted by the National Territorial and Regional Research Division reflect the characteristics of each era. For instance, the 1970s was an early stage of national territorial and regional development. The 1980s was a period of developing national territories and regions in full force. The 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s can be summarized as an era of localization in regional development, the peak of territorial development, and a period of transition. In the meantime, studies on the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia began in earnest after 1990s.

When KRIHS was established in October 1978, its priority research task was to prepare for the 2nd Comprehensive National Territorial Plan (1982~1991).

Assessment on the implementation outcome of the 1st comprehensive national territorial plan and Long-

Part 1

National Territorial Planning

& Regional Research

term plan on national territorial development were considered as representative research endeavors of KRIHS in its early days. Also, KRIHS conducted studies such as the Survey on the regional plan for creating an industrial belt in the Southeast Coast to support the regional development policy of the government and a joint research project on development plan for Taebaek area with UNDP to support the development policy tailored to each region.

In the 1980s, research to resolve the spatial inequality issue caused by the economic growth-led policy were actively carried out. The government focused on controlling the growth of Seoul and Busan and dispersing the population to other regions as the basis for balanced territorial development. KRIHS conducted a series of research projects since the early 1980s to support the policy of restructuring metropolitan area.

In addition, the institute undertook research to establish the 2nd Comprehensive National Territorial Plan, a long-term national development strategy as well as the most significant national territorial plan, and the Long- term vision for the development of national territory towards 2000, a roadmap for the future of national territory. In the early 1980s, KRIHS submitted a revision of the 2nd Comprehensive National Territorial Plan in order to reorganize the spatial structure of the territory as a multi-focal one.

In the 1990s, balanced development of national territory became more important with the opening era of local autonomy, as well as developing and implementing regional development plans led by local government. KRIHS conducted research to develop the 3rd Comprehensive National Territorial Plan (1992~2001), a blueprint for the development of national territory in the 2000s. The Institute also carried out a series of research with regard to fostering metropolitan areas in rural regions and the development of backward regions as strategies for balanced regional development. In the late 1990s,KRIHS conducted studies on strategies for enhancing the national competitiveness in the era of unbridled competition among nations due to the financial crisis. In the meantime, research endeavors on environment-friendly national development have been made in the 1990s as people began to recognize the importance of nature and the environment.

In the 2000s, the Comprehensive National Territorial Plan has changed from a 10-year to 20-year strategy, starting from the 4th Comprehensive National Territorial Plan (2000~2020). KRIHS conducted research to enact the Framework Act on the National Territory in order to replace the Act on the Planning and Construction of National Territory which was established in 1963. Since 2003, the Institute carried out various research projects

032

Chapter 2 RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS OVER PAST 4 DECADES

40-Year History of KRIHS

to support the policy of balanced national development and revise the 4th Comprehensive National Territorial Plan at the same time. Basic Framework of the New Territorial Plan for Dynamic and Integrated National Territory and A Strategic Report on New Territorial Vision were the representative outcome of the research during the period.

In the 2010s, slow economic growth and job creation, low birth rate, aging population, decline of rural and urban areas, and progress of the 4th industrial revolution are greatly affecting the development of national territory. In the midst of rapidly changing policies on national territory, KRIHS is carrying out a series of key research projects to predict the future of national territory and come up with mid- to long- term development vision and strategy for the national territory, such as The Future of National Territory, National Territory Vision 2050, National Territorial Development Model of Korea and the Implementation Strategy, and Future Prospects and Strategies for Territorial Development. In the early 2010s, the institute conducted the 2nd research on revising the 4th Comprehensive National Territorial Plan in order to reflect the Mega Economic Resion Policy and other new policy directions on territorial development. KRIHS is currently preparing for the establishment of the 5th Comprehensive National Territorial Plan in 2040.

Research on North Korea and unification were made in earnest after the reunification of Germany. As North Korea faced the most devastating financial crisis in the mid-1990s, studies were mostly focused on preparing for the collapse of the regime. In particular, topics related to the expansion of inter-Korean cooperation and exchanges as the Kim Daejung administration stressed the cooperation and exchanges between the two Koreas and such activities have continued under the Roh Moo-hyun administration. Recently, the focus has shifted to the development cooperation between the South and the North, including the new economic map on the Korean Peninsula.

Research on Northeast Asia have been carried out in earnest since the 1990s after the normalization of diplomatic relations between Korea, China, and Russia. By the 1990s, more focus was placed on mutual understanding of countries within the region covering the Korean Peninsula, Japan, China, Mongolia, and Far East Russia. Cooperative measures among countries in Northeast Asia or between large economic zones were mainly studied since the 2000s.

Recently, KRIHS focused its research activities on the topic of cooperation between Korea and China, one of the world’s economic giants and Korea’s largest trading partner, in terms of national territorial development policies.

Urban Research at the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS) has been taking the lead in the development of national urban policies and scholarly discussions on urban issues, while supporting and implementing urban plans.

The 1980s is marked by systemic overhaul in urban planning in response to the expansion of urban development. During the 1960s and 1970s, urban policies focused on building the foundation for economic growth and economic hubs, followed by the rapid urbanization in the 1980 in which swift municipal land supply was the central policy concern.

In the late 1980s, the government rolled out an initiative to build five new towns in the metropolitan area to provide 300,000 housing units over the course of five years, to address the drastic housing price surge in Seoul. To this end, KRIHS conducted a wide range of research, such as the Anyang-Pyeongchon Residential Site Development Plans (1988), Bundang Newtown Development Plan (1990), and Ilsan Newtown Development Plan (1990), aiming to design new cities with improved living conditions. The Institute also published a report entitled, Impacts of Newtown Development in Metropolitan Areas (1990), in which it

Part 2

Urban Research

identified the achievements and future challenges of the government’s newtown policies.

Urban policies underwent drastic changes in the 1990s.

In the face of the revival of the local autonomy system, improved conditions for an open economy, and intensified competition among cities, concerns arose regarding the policies that were implemented during the rapid economic growth — heavily reliant on regulations and mostly led by the government and the public sector. Amid the rising awareness on environmental issues and interests in the quality of life, came growing calls for self-reflection on reckless development and new regulations for sustainable development.

Against this backdrop, KRIHS conducted various studies, such as A Study on Urban Management Plans (1991), A Study on Establishment and Management of Metropolitan Areas (1992), Direction of the Urban System for the 2000s (1994), Sustainable Urban Development Plans (1997), Plans to Enhance Competitiveness of Large Provincial Cities (1997), Study on Urban Planning System of Donong Integrated City (1998), Research on Revitalization of Detailed Planning for Urban Advancement (1998).

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During the 2000s, the main focus of urban policies was on achieving balanced development. The participatory government in the 2000s sought to address the overpopulation in the metropolitan areas and jump-start the economy by building multifunctional administrative cities (Sejong City), innovative cities, enterprise cities, and livable cities. The government, with its policies for balanced development, sought to vitalize the regional economy and industries by relocating administrative bodies and public organizations to regional areas. The establishment of multifunctional administrative cities — including ten innovative cities and six enterprise cities — is closely linked to urban planning.

In this period, KRIHS conducted studies, such as Case Analysis of the Effects of Administrative Capital Relocation (2003), Study on the Framework for New Administrative Capital Construction (2003), Sectoral tasks for New Administrative Capital Construction (2004), Framework for New Administrative Capital Construction (2004), Study on the Framework for Multifunctional Administrative Cities (2006), Development Planning for the Multifunsional Adminitstrative City Development District (2007). In addition to this, various research projects, such as Devolution of Decision Making Power for Basic Urban Planning: A Framework for Regulatory Improvement (2002), Study on Corporate Involvement in Developing Self-sufficient City (2004), How to Build an Attractive City

(2005), Study on Building an Attractive City and the Role of Urban Planning (2006) have also been conducted.

The maturing of urban policies in the 2010s highlighted the need for countermeasures to low economic and population growth, quality of life, and sustainable growth. Measures for management and revitalization for small and medium-sized cities are in place in response to low growth, in conjunction with the Urban Renewal New Deal project. Smart cities that draw on technological innovation of the 4th industrial revolution to solve urban challenges and boost the urban economy, and disaster prevention against climate change and extreme weather events are also among the most pressing policy issues.

Major studies conducted by the Urban Research division after 2010s are listed below by area.

Ⅰ. In the area of urban policy

National and Urban Land Spatial Reform Due to Demographic Shift and Policy Direction (2012); Study on Designing Healthy City to Promote Well-being Society I, II (2013, 2014); National Urban Policy Strategies and Tasks for Korea (2015); Study on Ways to Improve the Use of Urban Space Based on Shared Economy (2015); Basic Study of Inclusive City Policymaking (2015); Utilizing Socioeconomic Organizations for Urban Revitalization (2015); Future Prospects of Metropolitan Areas and Response Strategy (2016); Study on Shrinking Cities and Policy Plans in

the Low Growth Era (2016); Expansion of Growth Management in Non-metropolitan Areas (2017); Long-term Management Strategy for Development-restricted Areas Considering Metropolis Spacial Structure (2017); Study on Introduction and Use of Living Infrastructure Standard (2018); Study on Efficient Use of Idle·Public Facilities for Regional Development (2018); Study on Re-establishment of Urban Planning System in Response to Future Changes (2018).

Ⅱ. In the area of disaster prevention

Study on Building a City Adaptable to Climate Change (2011~2013); Technology Development for Safe City Against Climate Change and Heavy Rain (2011~2015);

Analysis on City Vulnerability to Climate Change and Development Measures (2013); Study on the Flood Prevention Development Plan in Response to Climate Change (2013); Research on Improvement Measures for Disaster Prevention and Use of Relevant Districts and Regions (2016); Resiliency Enhancement Measures Against Climate Change and Flood (2016~2017); Development of 3D Simulation Technology and Integrated Management System for Predicting Urban Landscaping Disasters (2013~2017); Implementation of Disaster Safety Policy Support System Through Analysis of Flooded Urban Areas and Impact Zones (2016~2018); Study on the Direction of Water Resource Policy Considering Efficiency and Acceptability (2018).

Ⅲ. In the area of smart and green cities

Demonstration of Intelligent Crime Prevention District and Commercialization Support System 1st~5th (2014~2019);

Smart City Maturity and Potential Diagnosis Model Development and Application Plan Research (2016); Study on the Systematic Expansion and Maintenance of Urban Facilities (2017); Study on Ways to Upgrade Smart Cities 5th, 6th (2017~2019); Study on Strategic Contermeasures According to Smart City Types (2018); Communication System Improvement Research for Smart City Revitalization (2018); National Greenhouse Gas Management Plan Based on National Territorial Information Analysis System Corresponding to New Climate System (2016); Research on Urban Correspondence System Against Climate Change and Advanced Technology Development Plan (2016~2017);

Research on Ways to Strengthen the Linkage Between National and Urban Planning and Coastal Planning Systems (2017).

The Urban Planning division will continue to conduct studies on urban policies in the face of the changing environment due to low economic·population growth, climate change and subsequent risks of natural disaster, technological innovation, social diversification, decentralization and increasing public participation.

Through this effort, the Institute will enhance its status and role as a pioneer of Korean urban policy and global urban research.

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Part 3

Urban Regeneration Research

Research on urban regeneration started in January 2005 at a working-level meeting with the Office for Government Policy Coordination with regard to the installation of an independent research institute of 17 persons in total. The Roh Moohyun administration embarked on new development projects to create new administrative capital, innovative city, and enterprise city as well as ones to transform existing urban districts to livable ones as a part of the national agenda. On December 26, a decision was made to establish a tentatively named

“New City Support Center” in the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS) at the cabinet meeting presided by the Prime Minister in order to systematically support the implementation of the national agenda.

The City Innovation Support Center was installed in March 2006, with the aim of presenting “a new social role model” by connecting policies to the sites and efforts were made to create an UrBan Information Network homepage. (http://ubin.krihs.

re.kr) Although the need for the use of information

about advanced cases of foreign countries was high, most data and materials collected while carrying out research projects were considered as by-products and they were not managed systematically after the end of such projects. In the early stage, efforts were mainly made to identify the trends of advanced countries, and the center began to publish a series of “making livable cities” later in consultation with the Presidential Committee for Balanced National Development. Planning the Urban Region by Matsunaga Yasumitsu was translated and published as the first outcome of its publication project and this book explained the newunfamiliar concepts.

such as compact city, sustainable city, new urbanism, urban village, etc. The book became the bestseller of the month in the category of urban planning and its revision was published as well in response to high demand. Later, case studies, strategies, and communications of Machizukuri with the participation of citizens were published in series.

KRIHS also actively carried out government- sponsored projects. For instance, the institute

established guidelines on a development plan of industry-academy-research cluster in innovative city in order to support the task force for relocating public agencies of the Ministry of Construction

& Transportation and provided an improvement plan concerning the amendment of standards on calculating development gains to assist Multi- functional City Planning Division of the Ministry.

Thanks to the accomplishment of its UrBan Information Network website, KRIHS was selected as the best government-funded research institute in 2007 by the National Research Council for Economics Humanities and Social Sciences. The homepage was designated as one of the most recommended web sites for the youth by the Information Communication Ethics Committee.

As the information about world’s cities grows both qualitatively and quantitatively, the institute has conducted various activities such as the release of e-books allowing users to bookmark the information about global cities, operation of photo archive in which sorting and searching by city and topic are available, run overseas training programs, monitoring of pilot projects through a support council on making livable cities, education for residents and development of learning programs, roundtable meetings, release of special features, and hosting of

joint forums, etc.

Since 2009, the institute selected urban regeneration as its central theme and the City Innovation Support Center has expanded and was reorganized as the Urban Regeneration Research Center. It newly launched projects to publish and translate expert books related to urban regeneration from a long- term perspective. In an effort to make our neighbors, towns, and cities as livable ones by applying creative methods to be more specific, it began to publish a collection of books titled, Creative Urban Regeneration Series, which consisted of 85 books as of 2018. The center carried out a basic task each year. In the area of information about world’s cities, for instance, the center complied with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) for better access for everyone, including people with disabilities, etc. and increased its content. As for the community support project, it operated “Making Gwanyang 2-dong a Livable Village: intensive course of autonomous university for good village” as the 2nd resident autonomous university and it was selected as a pilot village by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs with yearly financial support of KRW 500 million.

In 2010, the center installed a support council as part of its activities to support the government policy to

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help basic settlement areas and local communities adapt to climate change and practice green growth by themselves, and run the Green Community Forum. As for community support activities, the center conducted “Gwanyang 1-dong: Imagine a green village” project along with Anyang residents.

Besides the project, the center jointly participated in a support project for small businesses with Anyang City under the theme of “Small Business, Big Change.”

In 2011, KRIHS carried out its activities in a way to diversify areas and strengthen internal capacity of the urban regeneration support organization, while cooperating with external organizations. City Regeneration Forum held meetings 4 times and a total number of 12 series books and translated books were published. In 2012, KRIHS supported the efforts made by the central and local governments to enhance capacity building for urban regeneration.

In 2013, the Special Act on Promotion of and Support for Urban Regeneration and the Enforcement Decree of the Act were established and it was an important period as legal grounds for urban regeneration such as basic guidelines on urban regeneration of the government were made.

The center participated in the process of enacting the Special Act and basic guidelines, and conducted

national R&D projects from July 2014 to December 2018 as a leading institute since it was engaged in a planned research titled, an Empirical Study on Urban Regeneration to Improve the Dwelling and Functions of Cities.

The center functioned as an urban regeneration support agency in accordance with the Special Act since 2014 and it was reorganized as the current Urban Regeneration Research Center in 2015.

In 2017, the center carried out various activities such as urban regeneration policy identification, extended support for developing urban regeneration policies, leading the efforts for urban regeneration, and consulting local governments in 2017 along with the implementation of new deal projects of the government. In 2018, the center developed a road map for urban regeneration which would be a milestone in pursuing the new deal project for the next 5 years and participated in the process of amending basic guidelines on urban regeneration.

Part 4

Housing & Real Estate Market Research

The rapid growth of national economy and urbanization have brought major changes to Korea such as the rise of the nuclear family, low birth rate, population aging, growing number of one-person or two persons household, and increasing housing supply. Likewise, housing and real estate policies continue to evolve and develop in response to the changing conditions. The primary goal of housing and real estate policy was to guarantee the residential stability by expanding housing supply and stabilizing real estate market. It was considered as the most effective policy direction to ensure the residential stability of ordinary citizens before the enactment of the Framework Act on Residence in 2015 and adoption of housing allowance as an individual benefit in 2016.

A large number of houses was supplied in the 1980s in order to achieve the policy goal of “residential stability by expanding housing supply.” However, the object of housing supply was not clearly defined in the early phase of housing supply expansion policy. Namely, it was only focused on quantitative expansion of housing supply

without a concrete program indicating which types of houses should be provided to whom.

It was the late 1980s that the concept of target group of housing supply was partially stated in the development stage of the housing policy. A construction plan of building 2 million new homes in 1988 was the starting point. Since then, houses for ordinary families as well as subsidized housing for low income groups began to be provided. Specifically, the construction and supply of housing for certain classes such as the permanent rental housing for people in the lowest income bracket and housing for low income workers was a critical turning point of the housing supply policy.

The early 1990s was the transition period of housing policy. Stabilizing housing prices and controlling speculative investment in real estate was an important policy task by 1991 due to increasing housing prices caused by the booming real estate economy during the period of building 2 million new homes. At that time, measures to control speculation in real estate were announced

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and restrictions on the resale of national housing was reinforced. In particular, the real-name property ownership system was fully implemented to enhance transparency in real estate transaction. The housing market began to be stabilized in 1992 as the supply of 2 million new houses took effect and the government’s housing policy partially shifted from regulation-based to self-regulating one.

There have been many changes in politics and the economy in the late 1990s. In the middle of the financial crisis which resulted in receiving emergency loans by the IMF, in particular, the housing market was extremely unstable and many symptoms such as house price crash, sudden increase of unsold houses, and crisis in housing lease occurred. To address such problems in the housing market, the government implemented multiple policies tailored to vitalize the housing business. For instance, the government gave tax benefits related to housing, decontrolled the price of private housing, activated reconstruction and redevelopment projects, and provided additional support for the mid-installment. The sluggish real estate market has led the difficulty in the housing for ordinary citizens. This brought a heightened interest in housing welfare and efforts were made to establish new policy goals and directions on this area, including the adoption of housing standards, development of housing welfare indicators, and stabilization of housing poverty group, etc.

In the 2000s, there were many changes in the surrounding

environment of the housing market. The issue of housing shortage was mostly resolved from the quantitative aspect as the diffusion ratio of housing was increasing significantly since 2002. On the other hand, the population and household structure has changed due to a low birth rate, population aging, and the rise of nuclear family, and people were increasingly paying attention to housing welfare. As the importance of distribution of income among different income brackets has emphasized, demands for enhanced housing welfare of low-income group and desire to relieve housing imbalances have strengthened.

However, the overheated market caused by sufficient liquidity and its sudden collapse due to the global financial crisis resulted in a highly volatile real estate market in the same period. The real estate market declined rapidly after the financial crisis and rebounded thanks to the government policy to revitalize the housing-related businesses, leading to sharply increasing housing prices in 2006. The global financial crisis took place in 2008 at the peak of the real estate market and the housing market contracted sharply. Likewise, the market was highly volatile and unstable in general.

In 2010s, the housing and real estate policy has developed in a way to sophisticate and reinforce measures to establish a stable market foundation and improve housing welfare. As policy changes have continued focusing on