Ms. Ainar Ospanova
2. The General Scheme of the Organization of Territory of the
2.3 Main Content and Major Targets
The General Scheme of the Organization of the Territory of the Republic of Kazak- hstan includes:
1) Basic principles of settlem ent and distribution of productive forces in accordance with the provisions of the Strategic and Econom ic Planning;
2) Main provisions of environmental man- agement and economic activities, development of production, transport, engineering, and social and recreational infrastructure of national importance;
3) Major steps to improve the environmental situation in the region, conservation areas with the objects of historical and cultural heritage, and (or) protected landscape objects;
4) Uses or restrictions on the use of specially protected areas, areas of mineral deposits exposed to hazard- ous effects, and the processes of natural and man-made disasters or extreme climatic conditions for the implementation of architectural and urban planning.
Kazakhstan
48
Analytical Phase (2011)
·
Design Phase (2012·2013)
· - Agency
- Kazakh Research and Design Experimental
Institute of
Earthquake-Resistant Construction and
Architecture -Local government - Statistical agency
- Agency - Kazakh Researchand
Design Experimental Institute of
Earthquake-Resistant Construction and Architecture
- Central government
- Local government Agreement Process (2013)
·
Government (Prime Minster)
Approval of the main provisions (2013)
·
Figure 4_Formulation Process of the General Scheme of the Organization of the Territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Source: Wikipedia, 2012
These are the m ain provisions of the General Scheme of the Organization of the Territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan that is approved by the Governm ent of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The procedure for developm ent and coordination of the General Scheme of the Organization of the Territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan are established by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The General Scheme of the Organization of the Territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a planning project containing a long- term vision of territorial development and system of the rational organization of the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, being developed while taking into account regional and world processes as well as roles of regions in the social and economic developm ent of the country.
The overall target of this project is to improve the quality of life of the population of Kazakhstan, and the formation and
realization of territorial competitive advan- tages and sustainable developm ent of Kazakhstan.
These are the m ajor objectives of the General Scheme:
- For a sustainable developm ent of settlements of the Republic Kazakhstan, and to define territorial priorities and restrictions of their use;
- For a developm ent of a settlem ent system;
- For a sustainable social, environmental, and econom ic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, with the rational use of the resource potential of the nation.
The analysis of world experiences in strategic spatial organization and internal features of the organization of the territory of Kazakhstan, influencing the choice of further development direction, have been studied to define possible developm ent vectors of the Kazak territory.
III_The General Scheme of the Organization of Territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Learning from Korean Experiences
49 Figure 5_Development Vector According to the Forecast Scheme of Development 2020
Source: Agency for Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2011
The low density of population at 6.2 people per km2, as well as a non-uniformity of settlements across the regions should be m arked.
One of the challenges that is faced by Kazakhstan is that it is threatened by a total power deficiency, especially in the southern region. There is a necessity of power saving demands and new and more effective studies of general layouts of the cities and settlement systems as a whole.
One of the ways of power saving is to increase the general compactness, inten- sify the use of the territory, optim ize its functional zoning, etc.
Territorial concentration, together with developed infrastructure for the conditions of Kazakhstan with its huge territory and small population, has a great value. Con- centrating industrial production in local
territories together with the preparation of qualified personnel would give a possibility to join universal economic processes and integrate into the global and regional markets.
Regional investment policy of Kazakhstan during the past years was focused on m ining industry, and especially on the oil industry. The greatest share of investments has been enclosed in five regions, which are so-called reinvested regions of which four, W est Kazakhstan, Atyrau, Aktyube, and Mangistau oblasts, are operating and prospective regions of oil extraction. The Kyzylorda oil and gas extraction area is close to them. Concentrating only 18 % of investment potential, these areas in the last two years accumulated more than 51
% of all investm ents of the country.
According to the Forecast scheme of Developm ent 2020, the strategies for
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Figure 6ㄴ_Belt Zoning of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Source: Agency for Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2011
unbalanced growth were chosen for the further developm ent of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It means that chosen growth points will stimulate further growth of the rest of the country.
The key “base points” are to be the cities of Almaty, Astana, Shymkent, and Aktobe, which organically correspond to the considered structure; cities of Almaty and Shym kent are located in so-called
“southern belt,” and the cities of Astana and Aktobe are in the “industrial belt.”
Based on the specialization of the belts, it is necessary to develop corresponding spheres of the national economy in these zones. In a “southern belt,” it is necessary to develop agriculture with a full cycle of manufacture from cultivation and storage before its processing and release of finished goods, as well as with tourism, public health services, sport, study, science and certain industries.
In the “northern belt” development em-
phasis should be transferred to the inten- sive industrial developm ent of territories.
Planned manufactures should be located as close as possible to the “development points” and consider a specialization of the territory.
Taking into account the neighborhood of the given region with the neighboring states, Russia in the north and China in the east, it is necessary for Kazakhstan to develop those manufactures and tech- nologies that allow participation in the rapid planned development of Siberia, Far East, and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
Strengthening the border territories can become another development vector for Kazakhstan, since over 80% of the total population of Kazakhstan lives there.
It is also necessary to organize the belts of the development of engineering-transport infrastructure to optimize communications and logistics with sub-centres which can become regional centers.
III_The General Scheme of the Organization of Territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Learning from Korean Experiences
51
Provincial Plan
City/County Plan
Regional Plan
Sectoral Plan Comprehensive National Territorial Development Plan
Figure 7_Hierarchy of Spatial Plan
Source: The Republic of Korea, 2009