UNIT. 23
Facing Phobias
English Routine: Greeting
2
INTO THE CLASSROOM
4
Week:__ , Unit ___ , Date:_________, Weather:________ Emotion______
One-sentence Plan of the Day.
Today, I will _________________________________________.
My Difficult Words & Phrases
Today’s Learning Point a) Title:
b) Grammar:
c) Theme:
Text Structure
Main Idea of each paragraph
My Comment on Today’s Lesson
14 23 June. 2
buy a birthday present for my sister
Facing Phobias
Subordinate Conjunction (종속 접속사)
Phobia (공포증)
Grammar Preview: Subordinate Conjunction
종속접속사: 절을 종속적으로 접속해주는 역할을 한다.
Ex) Although most people experience social shyness at one time or another, an individual with a social phobia experiences extreme self-consciousness.
Although는 하나의 절인 most people experience social shyness at one time or another과 an individual with a social phobia experiences extreme self-consciousness을 연결해 준다. Although나 다른 접속사가 없다면, 한 문 장에서 2개 이상의 절이 연결 될 수가 없다.
Grammar Preview: Subordinate Conjunction
6
종류 해석 동사의 수일치
and 그리고 항상 복수
or 또는 마지막에 일치
but 그러나
yet 하지만, 그러나
so 그래서
for 왜냐하면
■ 등위접속사 : 단어와 단어, 구와 구, 절과 절을 대등하게 연결 (중문)
Grammar Preview: Subordinate Conjunction
■ 상관접속사 : 짝을 이루어 사용되는 접속사
종류 해석 동사의 수일치
both A and B A와 B 모두 항상 복수
either A or B A 또는 B중 하나 B에 일치
neither A nor B A도 B도 아닌 “
not A but B, B but not A, (only) B, not A A가 아닌 B “ not only A but (also) B, B as well as A A뿐만 아니라 B도 “
Grammar Preview: Subordinate Conjunction
8
■ 종속접속사 : 주절과 종속절을 연결해 주는 접속사
1) 명사절을 연결하는 접속사
종류 세분 해석 해설
that 주어, 목적어, 보어, 동격절 역할,
if,
whether (whether A or B, whether or not 가능)
~인지 아닌지 목적어, 보어 역할, 주어, 목적어, 보어 역할
의문사
who, whose, what, which whose, what, which
when, where, why, how
의문대명사 자체가 주어 또는 목적어 역할 의문형용사+명사 자체가 주어 또는 목적어 역할 주어, 목적어 역할
복합
관계대명사 (대명사+
관계대명사)
whoever(= anyone who) whomever(= anyone whom) whatever(= anything that) whichever(= anything that, a nyone who)
누구든 간에
누구든 간에(목적격) 무엇이든 간에
어느 것이든 간에, 어느 사람이든 간에
복합 관계대명사 자체가 주어, 목적어 역할
Grammar Preview: Subordinate Conjunction
■ 종속접속사 : 주절과 종속절을 연결해 주는 접속사
2) 형용사절을 연결하는 접속사(관계사)
종류 세분 선행사 해설
관계대명사 (접+대명사)
who - whose - whom, who
which - of which, whose - which that - X - that
사람 사물, 동물 모두
소유격에서 whose 뒤에 관사 사용 불가 컴머(,) 뒤나 전치사 뒤 사용 불가
관계부사 (접+부사)
when (= at, on, in + which) where (= at, on, in + which) why (= for + which)
how (in + which)
시간 장소 이유 방법
the way와 how 는 중복 사용 불가, the reason과 why도 중복사용 불가 둘 중 하나만 사용
Grammar Preview: Subordinate Conjunction
10 3) 부사절을 연결하는 접속사
종류 해석
until, by the time before
when as even as while since after once as soon as
~할 때 까지
~하기 전
~할 때,
~때문에, ~할 때, ~함에 따라, ~처럼 마침 ~할 때
~하는 동안, ~한 반면에
~이래로, ~때문에
~한 이후
~일단 ~하면, ~하는 대로
~하자마자(= immediately after) if
unless(= if ~not) whether
as long as, providing(that), provided(that), on condition that in case (that), in the event (that)
만일, 만약 ~라면
만약 ~이 아니라면(= if ~not)
~이든 아니든, ~에 상관없이
~하는 한, 오직 ~하는 경우에만(= only if)
~의 경우에, ~에 대비하여 though, although, even though, even if
whereas, while
비록 ~이지만
~한 반면에 because, as, since
now that in that
~때문에, ~이기 때문에
~이니까
~라는 점에서
so that ~ can, in order that ~할 수 있도록
so/such ~ that 매우 ~해서 ~하다
except that, but that, only(that) ~을 제외하고는, ~하지 않으면
as if, as though, (just) as 마치 ~처럼
given that, considering (that) ~을 고려했을 때, ~을 고려하여
복합 관계부사
whenever (no matter when) wherever (no matter where) however (no matter how) whatever ( no matter what) who(m)ever(no matter who) whichever (no matter which)
언제 ~하더라도, ~할 때는 언제든지 어디로(어디에서) ~하더라도
어떻게 ~하더라도, 아무리 ~하더라도 무엇을(무엇이) ~하더라도
누가(누가를) ~하더라도
어느 것이(어느 것을) ~하더라도
Grammar Preview: Subordinate Conjunction
• 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 고르세요.
1. ( ) his health was poor, he had to stay in hospital.
a. When b. Since c. Although d. Before
2. ( ) the language was difficult, we soon became friends.
a. When b. That c. Although d. Because 3. I began to rain ( ) he took out an umbrella.
a. since b. that c. as soon as d. while
4. ( ) I came across her on the street, I tried to avoid her.
a. As b. That c. Although d. When 5. He came to see me ( ) I was sick in bed.
a. while b. that c. although d. as
?
A phobia is a fear [that cannot be explained in rational terms].
Phobias generally have the power [to severely limit an individual’s {capacities and sense of well-being}].
Phobias of {specific situations, objects, or activities} affect about one out of every ten adults.
Of this population, phobias affect twice as many women as men.
Those [suffering from phobias] experience intense anxiety/ if forced to come into contact with the source of their fear.
Therefore, they will go to great lengths/ to avoid it.
This may affect a person’s ability {[to cope with challenges] and [experience simple pleasures]} in life.
Pg 1.
of Phobiain rational terms: 합리적인 언어로는 phobia: 공포증
one out of every ten: 10 중 하나. 숫자 out of every 숫자= 숫자 중 숫자 go to great (all, some, considerable) lengths: 어떤 노고도 마다하지 않다
Influence
2. Why Phobia?
The symptoms [associated with phobias] all stem from fear responses.
{Terror and panic} flood the individual,/ even in the absence of any real danger.
The mind is unable to talk itself [out of the fear]/ and thought processes become locked.
The inflexible thought patterns then lead to {automatic and uncontrollable} reactions.
The body’s nervous system responds/ as it would in a {dangerous or stressful} situation.
The individual experiences {rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing, shaking, and a powerful desire [to run away]}.
Pg 2. Fear Responses Causing Phobias
stem from A: A로부터 나오다 flood: 밀려오다
as 형용사/부사 as possible: 가능한 한 ~하게
3. Agoraphobia
Phobias can be grouped into the categories of {agoraphobias, social phobias, and specific phobias}.
Agoraphobia, [which translates as fear of the marketplace], is not necessarily a fear of {the market or open and crowded spaces}.
Rather, these phobias are a fear of {a situation or space} [that cannot be escaped].
Agoraphobic individuals avoid [leaving their personal comfort zone]/ because [to do so] risks bringing on panic attacks.
In extreme cases,/ agoraphobics may avoid leaving {their home or even a single room}.
However, many agoraphobics can negotiate going to {work and other places}
/as long as they can exit easily/ if they start to panic.
Paragraph 3. Agoraphobia
agoraphobia: agora(광장) + phobia = 광장공포증 avoid ~ing: ~하는 것을 회피하다
bring on A: A를 불러오다.
negotiate: 극복하다, 교섭하다 as long as ~: ~ 하는 한.
panic: 공황에 사로잡히다
4. Social Phobia
Social phobias are caused by the fear of social situations/ and are often related to a low opinion of one’s self.
Although most people experience social shyness at {one time or another},/ an individual [with a social phobia] experiences extreme self-consciousness.
Social phobia involves a deep fear of {any kind of public evaluation, negative feedback, or embarrassment}.
For example,/ someone [with a severe social phobia] may not be able to eat/ in front of others.
Pg 4. Social Phobia
social phobia: 사회 공포증, 대인기피증 be caused by A: A에 의하여 야기되다
5. Specific Phobia
Specific phobia is the label [applied to all other phobias].
Typical specific phobias include {fear of small places, fear of particular animals, fear of heights, and fear of doctors}.
Specific phobias may come from a person’s bad experiences/ in childhood.
However, a number of other factors have been linked to triggering the wide range of phobias [people have.]
In some cases, {too much or too little} of a certain chemical ← [produced by a person’s body] may trigger phobias.
Paragraph. 5. Specific Phobia
specific phobia: 특정 공포증 a number of : 다수의
be linked to A: A와 연결되다.
trigger: 촉발시키다
6. Analysis of Trauma
The treatment for phobias involves pinpointing/ {how the fear developed and what kind of function it serves}.
Generally, a phobia acts to displace fear,/ transferring anxiety from a past situation [that brought it on] to a different present situation.
The originating situation, for example, may have been linked to {[being hurt by parents as a child] or [some other source of anxiety]}.
In childhood, there may have been no clear escape from the situation.
As an adult, the phobia acts to assign the fear to {a specific situation or object} [that can then be avoided].
Paragraph. 6 Analysis of Phobia
displace: 치우다
transfer A from B to C: A를 B에서 C로 옮기다.
escape from A: A로부터의 탈출 assign A to B: A를 B에게 전가하다.
7. Trauma
Phobias may also be the result of past trauma.
The memory of the trauma grows into a fear of similar situations.
Someone [who has been trapped in a fire] may avoid fire of all kinds/ and avoid objects [that remind the person of fire as well].
Extreme avoidance behavior in adults may result from {parental modeling and child-raising} methods.
For example, consider a child [who attempts to master new challenges], but his attempts are not praised by his parents.
Paragraph. 7-1 Trauma as the Cause of Phobias
trauma: 정신적 외상
remind A of B: A에게 B를 떠올리게 하다 avoidance behavior: 회피행위
Rather, his parents put down his attempts through {words or actions}.
Similarly, the child may see his parents always avoiding challenging situations themselves.
Generally, this leaves the child less able to develop confidence in his ability [to face challenges].
It then becomes habitual [for the person to avoid {challenging, and in particular fearful,} situations as an adult].
Pg. 7-2
26
put down: 억누르다
confidence in A: A에 대한 자신감 Habitual: 습관적인
Reading Comprehension
A. Mark each statement as true (T), false (F), or inferred (I) according to the passage.
1. All phobias are contagious. T F I
2. Phobias can develop from past experiences. T F I 3. People with phobias suffer from anxiety. T F I 4. People with agoraphobia are afraid of their comfort zones. T F I 5. With proper treatment people with phobias can function in society. T F I B. Choose the best answer.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) Phobias are hard to treat; therefore, people cannot function in society.
(B) Phobias cannot be treated, so people must take extreme measures to function in society.
(C) Phobias are difficult to deal with, but with treatment, people can function in society.
(D) Phobias affect many people around us every day without us really noticing.
Reading Comprehension
28
2. Which of the following is NOT true about the passage?
(A) Phobias can be passed on from one person to the next.
(B) Phobias can develop from one’s childhood experiences.
(C) Phobias vary in category and severity.
(D) Phobias can be treated.
3. According to the passage, all of the following are true about social phobias EXCEPT
(A) They are related to low self confidence.
(B) They are a fear of social embarrassment.
(C) They are a fear of social acceptance.
(D) They are more common for men.
C. Complete the table below to summarize the three kinds of phobias.
Phobia
Agoraphobia Social
Phobia Specific Phobia
a fear of not being able to escape a place or situation a fear of social acceptance or social embarrassment
a label of other phobias, such as fear of heights, spiders, small spaces, etc.
Vocabulary Review
A. Choose the correct definition of the word in bold.
1. The symptoms associated with phobias all stem from fear responses.
(A) specific illnesses (B) unknown disorders (C) signs of a problem
2. Phobias can be grouped into the categories of agoraphobias, social phobias, and specific
phobias.
(A) a division of people or things (B) a subtraction of people or things (C) an addition of people or things
3. However, many agoraphobics can negotiate going to work and other places as long as they
can exit easily if they start to panic.
(A) discuss (B) manage
(C) bargain with
Vocabulary Review
30
B. Choose the best word to fill in the blanks.
1. The man found it difficult to __________ with the loss of his wife.
(A) panic (B) translate (C) desire (D) cope
2. My daughter only likes me to read her __________ books, such as fairytales with talking animals.
(A) specific (B) uncontrollable (C) extreme (D) habitual
3. The family felt a sense of __________ when their little puppy got lost.
(A) evaluation (B) rational (C) desire (D) panic
4. After her performance in the play, the actress received positive __________.
(A) trauma (B) terror (C) feedback (D) phobia
5. When he has to present his work to his colleagues, he feels a lot of __________.
(A) evaluation (B) anxiety (C) desire (D) treatment
Language Form and Meaning
A. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blanks.
1. The taekwondo athlete has an __________ on the third Sunday of every month.
(A) evaluate (B) evaluation (C) evaluator (D) evaluative 2. The doctor saw that the injured patient was __________.
(A) trauma (B) traumatic (C) traumatized (D) traumatically
3. The young student was nervous about __________ schools in the middle of the academic year.
(A) transferring (B) transfer (C) transferable (D) transferor
4. A feeling of __________ can make some people’s faces turn red.
(A) embarrass (B) embarrassment (C) embarrassed (D) embarrassing 5. The child cried __________ when she thought her mother left her at the store.
(A) controllable (B) uncontrollability (C) uncontrollably (D) uncontrollable
Language Form and Meaning
32
B. Underline the correct word or phrase in parentheses.
1. The patient’s treatment came (too soon / too late), as she passed away the next morning.
2. It was (too often / too soon) to think about the infant’s college career.
3. The man’s phobia occurred (too little / too often), so he rarely went out.
4. The singer received (too much / too little) feedback and never knew how to improve her pitch.
5. When a person feels (too late / too much) anxiety, they experience all sorts of physicalsymptoms.
THANK YOU.
33
