Dielectric Polarization and Electrical Conductivity of Li- and Ta-substituted Lead-free (Na 0.53 K 0.47 )NbO 3 Pizoelectric Ceramics
J. S. Kim ∗ · M. H. Kim
School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773, Korea
T. G. Park · J. Park
Department of Electronic & Mechanical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773, Korea
Su Tae Chung
Department of Electronic Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea (Received 30 April 2014 : revised 8 July 2014 : accepted 16 July 2014)
To investigate the piezoelectric, dielectric and electrical properties of (Na
0.5K
0.5)NbO
3(NKN) ceramics, we prepared Li- and Ta-substituted (Na
0.53K
0.47)
0.96Li
0.04(Nb
1−xTa
x)O
3(NKLNT, x
= 0.0, 0.13, 0.15, 0.17, 0.19, 0.21) ceramics. The crystalline phase and the grain morphology were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The phase transition temperature, T
O−T(orthorhombic-tetragonal transition) of the NKLNT ceramics with x = 0.21 was 30
◦C. On the other hand, the piezoelectric properties of the NKLNT ceramics were enhanced. Especially, a high piezoelectric coefficient d
33= 230 pC/N was obtained at x = 0.19 - 0.21. Furthermore, we investigated the dielectric polarization and the electrical conductivity related to the dipoles and the charge carriers over wide frequency (0.1 Hz - 1 MHz) and temperature (30 - 600
◦C) ranges.
PACS numbers: 77.22.-d, 77.84.Dy, 77.84.-s
Keywords: (Na
0.5K
0.5)NbO
3, NKN, Lead-free, Dielectric, Piezoelectric, Phase transition, Ta ion addition
Li õ m Í TaT V ò & ÿc Ü R ¤ ì Å Na 0.53 K 0.47 NbO 3 ° q ¹ Å : g à k Ä 8 ý ¥ ¹ Å Ä Z Ø £ ; õ m Í ¹ ÅM
¹
Åy ¢ ¤V R Ë
» . > ¬ £ ∗ · »' å Ú
½ Ó" é ¶ @ / < Æ § èF / B N < ÆÂ Ò, ½ Ó" é ¶ 641-773
? # Þ · ø ¶ B¦
½ Ó" é ¶ @ / < Æ § l ·l > / B N < ÆÂ Ò, ½ Ó" é ¶ 641-773
+ ä
¬ £?
Â
Ò â @ / < Æ § / B N < Æõ , Â Òí ß 608-737
(2014¸ 4 Z 4 30{ 9 ~ Ã Î6 £ §, 2014¸ 7 Z 4 8{ 9 Ã º& ñ : r ~ Ã Î6 £ §, 2014¸ 7 Z 4 16{ 9 > F S X & ñ )
Á
º (Na
0.53K
0.47)
0.96Li
0.04(Nb
1−xTa
x)O
3(x = 0.0, 0.13, 0.15, 0.17, 0.19, 0.21) · ú [ j b Û ¼\ ¦ 771
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y
© Ä » ^ H y © Ä » B j ¸o \ ¦ q 2 © # " l oÆ Ó\ s ' ü < · ú
èF Ð F g# 3 0 A > Ö ¸6 x ÷ & ¦ e [1]. Õ ª Q PZT\
í < Ê ) a ± ú (Pb) $ í ì r É r ^ \ u " î & h × æ1 l q x 9 ¨ 8 â ¸
% i
` ¦ Ä »µ 1 Ï # Ä »X O ` ¦ q 2 © ô Ç ² D G É r ± ú x 9 × æF K5 Å q s
í < Ê ) a F « Ñ x 9 ] j¾ ¡ § _ à ºØ ¦ x 9 à º{ 9 ` ¦ ] jô Ç ¦ e
. " f ± ú x 9 × æF K5 Å q s í < Ê ) a èF \ ¦ @ /^ ½ + É l 0 p x$ í
èF > hµ 1 Ïs 9 כ ¹ [2]. (Na 0.5 K 0.5 )NbO 3 (NKN) H PZT\ ¦ @ /^ ½ + É Ã º e H Á º · ú [ j b Û ¼ × æ s 9, y © Ä » x 9 · ú : £ ¤$ í 1 p x _ l í: £ ¤$ í ¾ Ó © É r z ´] j 6 £ x6 x
\
B Ä º × æ כ ¹ [3–16].
(Na 0.5 K 0.5 )NbO 3 É r ~ ½ Ó& ñ > (orthorhombic)_ ` Ð Ú
Ô Û ¼ s à Ô ½ ¨ ¸\ ¦ t 9 Z } É r © s : r ¸ (T C = 420 ◦ C), ± ú É r ½ Ó > (E C = 5 kV/cm), Õ ªo ¦ Z } É r ï ß À
Óì rF G (P r = 30 µC/cm 2 )` ¦ t H כ Ü ¼ Ð · ú 94 R e
. Õ ª Q " é ¶ « Ñ Ó ü t| 9 Na 2 CO 3 ü < K 2 CO 3 H f ¨_ þ v$ í s ß
¼ ¦, è × æ 6 fµ 1 Ï: £ ¤$ í s y © . " f Z } É r x 9 ¸ü <
< Êa î ß & ñ & h ¸$ í $ í ì r` ¦ ° ú H [ j b Û ¼_ ] j ¸ B Ä
º # Q§ > [3,5,7,8]. l : r NKN [ j b Û ¼_ · ú © Ã º H 80 ∼ 100 pC/N Ü ¼ Ð · ú 94 R e Ü ¼ 9, s ° ú כ É r PZT > · ú
[ j b Û ¼_ 400 pC/N & ñ ¸\ q K ± ú É r ° ú כs .
s
: r _ u ¨ 8 \ NKN ¸$ í É r orthorhombic- tetragonal © s : r ¸ (T O−T ) ß ¼> H poly- morphic phase transition (PPT): £ ¤$ í ` ¦ Ðs 9 [3–6], s :
£ ¤$ í É r PZT > ¸$ í \ " f H © / B N > r % ò % i (mor- photropic phase boundary, MPB) õ Ä » [1].
" f s PPT : £ ¤$ í ` ¦ ¸] X · ú : £ ¤$ í ` ¦ ¾ Ó © r ~ ´ Ã º e
[3–6, 8–10, 13, 14]. A o \ Li + , B o \ Ta 5+ , Sb 5+ 1 p x` ¦ u ¨ 8 , s PPT : £ ¤$ í ` ¦ ] j# Q½ + É Ã º e Ü ¼ 9, s
\ ¦ : x K · ú : £ ¤$ í ` ¦ ¾ Ó © r ~ ´ Ã º e [4–14]. s p % 7 e
¦ Y Us à Ô\ ¦ s 6 x ô Ç Ä º C ¾ Ó $ í © ` ¦ : x K PZT\ ! QF K
H · ú : £ ¤$ í s Ä ºÃ ºô Ç NKN [ j b Û ¼\ ¦ ] j ¸½ + É Ã º e
>
÷ &% 3 [7].
∗