ण࣑֗෮ੲंজ
<✚ḲⳖ>
(ᱶᔢ⫭᮹᮹}↽ෝ☖⦹ᩍ⦽ǎᨱݡ⦽ᖁḥǎŝ
ᝁ⯆ǎe᮹aƱᩎ⧁ᯕʑݡࡹŁᯩܩ݅ᯕᨱᖙĥ ᮹ɡಽჭ⪵ಽᯙ⦹ᩍᵲᖒᯕᇡbࡹŁᯩ۵ǎaॅ
ᨱ ݡ⦽ ʑⅩჶᱢ ᱶᅕෝ ᱽŖ⦹Łᯱ ᅙ ✚Ḳᮥ ⠙ᖒ
⦹ᩡܩ݅
༉ಽ⎵᮹⧪ᱶℕĥ
ଲଗ ࣑֝୪֜
Ⳓᕽು
ࡦߦಸଭ୨౿୪ܑԹւ
ࡦߦಸෝ࣑ଭ୪୨րԹ୨
ⳓǎ᪶
֝ଭ֫
ծ
Ԩ߹ฎଭ
Ⳕ⧪ᱶᇡ
ෘ୨ऀଭ֜ন
׆ۇ
ࠤ
֝ࡿฎଭ
Ԩ߹ଭథହ
ⳕ᯦ჶǭŝ⧪ᱶǭᔍᯕ᮹šĥ
࣑ऀෘ୨ऀଭଵࢱୡฆܛ
࣑֫րෘ୨֫ॷଲଭե୪ֹ෴
Ⳗḡႊᱶᇡ
ࡦߦಸଭࢺෘ୨Թւ
ࡦߦಸଭࢺୀ౿఼ۚ
ࢺୀ౿఼ۚଭઽ
׆ొୀ౿఼ۚ
$PNNVOFT
ⳗđು
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
Ⳓᕽು
ࡦߦಸଭ୨౿୪ܑԹւ
༉ಽ⎵(The Kingdom of Morocco)۵ ᖙĥᨱᕽ aᰆ ᪅ ᪶ǎ ᵲ᮹ ⦹ӹಽᕽ,
֥ᨱ ↽Ⅹ᮹ ☖ᯝ᪶᳑a ᙹพࡽ ⬥ ᙹ₉ಡ ᪶᳑a ၵѭ໕ᕽ ᪶ǎℕᱽෝ ᮁḡ
⧕ ᪅Ł ᯩᮝ໑, ֥ᇡ░ Alaouite ᪶᳑a ⩥ ༉⦹ີऽ ᖙ(Mohamed Ⳗ) ǎ
᪶(֥ ᬵ ᯝ ᷪ᭥)ʭḡ ᵲ݉ ᨧᯕ ĥᗮ ᯕᨕᲙ ᪅Ł ᯩ݅.
༉ಽ⎵۵ ᯦⨭Ǒᵝǎᮥ ⢽ႊ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.) ༉ಽ⎵᮹ ⨭ჶᮡ ֥ ᱽᱶࡹᨕ
֥, ֥, ֥, ֥, ֥ }ᱶࡹᨩ݅. ᯕ్⦽ ᩍ్ ჩ᮹ }⨭ᮥ
☖⧕ ᱽ⦽ᱢᯙ ჵ᭥ᨱᕽ ݡ᮹ ᱶ⊹ෝ ၽᱥ┕ᮝಽ៉ ᱱḥᱢᯙ ၝᵝ⪵ෝ ⇵ḥ
⧕ ӹaŁ ᯩ݅. ༉ಽ⎵᮹ ⨭ჶᮡ ↽ɝ ݅ }ᱶࡹᨩ۵ߑ, ᵲ࠺ŝ ᦥ⥥ญ⋕ ḡᩎ ᮹ ၝᵝ⪵ ᬕ࠺᮹ ᩢ⨆ᮝಽ ༉ಽ⎵ ǎၝॅᯕ ᱶ⊹}⩢ᮥ Ǎ⦹í ࡽ äᯕ ᯕ్
⦽ ⨭ჶ }ᱶᨱ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ၙⅅ݅. ǎၝॅ᮹ ᱶ⊹}⩢ Ǎෝ ၼᦥॅᩍ ༉⦹ີऽ ᖙ ǎ᪶ᮡ ǎ᪶᮹ ǭಆᮥ ᮹⫭᪡ ⅾญᨱí ᇥᔑ⦹۵ ԕᬊ᮹ ⨭ჶ}ᱶᦩᮥ ᱽᦩ
⦹ᩡ݅. əญŁ ᯕ్⦽ ԕᬊ᮹ }ᱶᦩᮡ ֥ ᬵ ᯝ ǎၝ⚍⢽ෝ ☖⦹ᩍ ađ
ࡹᨩ݅.)
༉ಽ⎵ ⨭ჶ ᳑۵ ༉ಽ⎵۵ ᯦⨭・ၝᵝ・᮹⫭・ᔍ⫭ Ǒᵝᱽᯥᮥ ᖁᨙ⦹Ł,)
“᯦⨭Ǒᵝᱽ۵ ǭಆ᮹ ᇥญ᪡ čᱽ, ᳑⪵᪡ ǎၝॅ᮹ ₙᩍ, ᖁᱶ(㈄㗑, good gov- ernance)᮹ ᬱ⊺ŝ ǎaᙹ᯦ŝ ḡ⇽᮹ Ɂ⩶ᨱ ᮹⧕ ᬕᩢࡽ݅. ǎa۵ ⧎Ǎᱢᯙ ᩑ
ႊŝ ᪉Õ⦽ ᯕᜍ௭ ᳦Ʊ᪡ ݅᧲⦽ ᖙಆ᮹ ǎaᱢᯙ ᳑⪵᪡ ᯦⨭᪶ᱶ, ၝᵝᱢ ᖁ
┾ᨱ ʑⅩ⦽݅. ǎa᮹ ᩢ☁᳑Ḣᮡ ḡႊᇥǭᮥ ʑⅩಽ ⦽݅”Ł Ƚᱶ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
ࡦߦಸෝ࣑ଭ୪୨րԹ୨
༉ಽ⎵۵ ⥥௲ᜅ ᅕ⪙ಚ-ᜅ⟹ᯙ ᅕ⪙ಚᮝಽ ᇥ⧁☖⊹ෝ ၼ۵ ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽ
USBOTMBUFEJO
IBWFBEFNPDSBUJD TPDJBMBOEDPOTUJUVUJPOBM.POBSDIZ
}⨭ᦩᮡ֥ᬵᯝǎၝ⚍⢽ෝ☖⧕⪶ᱶࡹᨩᮝ໑ ᔩ⨭ჶᨱⅾᖁᨱᕽญ⦽ᱶݚᨱᕽⅾ ญෝᖁ⇽⦹íࡽ݅༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶ}ᱶⅩᦩᮡ5IF$POTUJUVUJPOPG.PSPDDPPG USBOTMBUFEJO+FGSJ+
3VDIUJ %SBGU5FYUPGUIF$POTUJUVUJPOBEPQUFEBUUIF3FGFSFOEVNPG+VMZ .PE-FHBM4ZT
$ZDMPQFEJB ᯕ⦹‘֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶ’ᯕ⦽݅ᮥₙ᳑⦹ᩡ݅
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑.PSPDDPJTDPOTUJUVUJPOBM EFNPDSBUJD QBSMJBNFOUBSZBOETPDJBM.POBSDIZ
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
֥ ᬵ ⥥௲ᜅಽᇡ░ ࠦพ⦹ᩡŁ, ֥ ᬵ ᜅ⟹ᯙᯕ ᅕ⪙ಚᨱ ݡ⦽ ḡ႑ǭᮥ
⡍ʑ⧉ᮝಽ៉ ࠦพᮥ ᰢ≉⦹ᩡ݅. ༉⦹ີऽ ᖙ۵ ⇵ႊᨱᕽ ࠭ᦥ᪅ᯱษᯱ ᯦⨭
ᱶᇡಽ ༉ಽ⎵ෝ ᰍÕ⧁ äᮥ ᖁᨙ⦹ᩡŁ, ֥ ᬵ ᯝ ᨙು᮹ ᯱᮁ᪡ Ḳ
⫭đᔍ᮹ ᯱᮁෝ Ƚᱶ⦽ ‘Ŗᱢᯱᮁᨱ š⦽ ჶ’ᯕŁ ಅḥ ⊺ಚ(dahir)ᮥ ၽ⢽
⦹ᩡ݅.
༉⦹ີऽ ᖙ۵ ᪶᮹ ᰍaෝ ၼʑ ᭥⧕ ᱽ⇽ࢁ ⨭ჶⅩᦩᮥ อॅ ᮹ ᭥ᬱॅ
ಽ Ǎᖒࡽ ᭥ᬱ⫭ෝ ᳑Ḣ⦹ᩡᮝӹ ⨭ჶᯕ อॅᨕḡʑ ᱥᨱ ᚉᮥ ÑࢱᨩŁ, ə᮹ ᦥॅᯙ ⦹ᔑ ᖙa ֥ ᬵ ᯝ ᪶᭥ෝ ĥ⦹ᩡ݅. ⦹ḡอ ⨭ჶᱽᱶ᭥ᬱ⫭
۵ ǎԕ ᱶ⊹ ᔢ⫊ᨱ ᮹⧕ ᱽ ᩎ⧁ᮥ ⦹ḡ ༜⦹ᩡŁ, ǎ᪶ŝ ə᮹ ⊂ɝ ᝁഭॅᯕ
⨭ჶⅩᦩᮥ อॅᨩ݅. ⨭ჶᮡ ֥ ᬵ ᯝ ǎၝ⚍⢽ᨱ ᇡℱᲭŁ, ֥
ᬵ ᯝ ᦶࠥᱢᯙ ḡḡಽ ₥┾ࡹᨩᮝ໑, ֥ ᬵ ᯝ Ŗ⡍ࡹᨩ݅.
֥ ⨭ჶ᮹ ᱽᱶᨱࠥ ᇩǍ⦹Ł ᱶ⊹ᱢ ⪝ᮡ ᩍᱥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᯕ ভྙᨱ ᱽ
⨭ ǎ⫭۵ ֥ ࠺ᦩ ᪅Ḣ }᮹ ჶශอᮥ ☖ŝ⎑ᮥ ᐱ ᱽ ᩎ⧁ᮥ ⦹ḡ ༜⦹ᩡ
݅. ⦹ᔑ ᖙ۵ ⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑ᨱ ɝÑ⦹ᩍ ǎaʕɪᔍ┽ෝ ᖁ⡍⧩Ł, ԕbᮥ ⧕ᔑ
⎑ᮝ໑, ᪶ŝ ⧉̹ ༉ु ⧪ᱶǭᮥ aḥ ᔩಽᬕ ᱶᇡෝ ֥ ᬵ ᯝ Ǎᖒ⦹ᩡ
݅. ᯕ ᱶᇡ۵ ֥e Ḳǭ⦹ᩡ݅.
֥ ⨭ჶᮡ ֥ ᬵ ᯝ ǎၝ⚍⢽ᨱ ᮹⧕ ₥┾ࡹᨩ݅. ᯕ ⨭ჶᮡ ᪶ᨱ í v⦽ ǭ⦽ᮥ ᵝᨩᮝ໑, ᱶᇡ᪡ ᮹⫭a ᬒ ᱶᇡᨱ ᮹᳕⦹íҵ อॅᨩ݅.
֥ ⨭ჶᮡ ǎၝ⚍⢽ᨱ ᮹⧕ ᦶࠥᱢᮝಽ ₥┾ࡹᨩᮝ໑, ֥ ᬵ ᯝ Ŗ
⡍ࡹᨩ݅. ᯕ ⨭ჶᮡ ᯕᱥ ⨭ჶᨱ እ⧕ ᱶᇡᨱ ᯝၹᱢᯙ ⧪ᱶǭᮥ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩡŁ, ᮹
⫭᮹ ݡ⢽ᖒᮥ v⪵⦹໑, ᮹⫭ᨱ v⦽ ǭ⦽ᮥ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩡ݅.
༉ಽ⎵᮹ ⨭ჶᮡ ֥ᨱ ݅ }ᱶࡹᨩ۵ߑ, ᯕ ⨭ჶᮡ aḡ ᩢᩎᨱᕽ ᄡ⪵
ෝ aᲙ᪵݅. ℌṙ۵ ⦹ᬱ᮹ᬱॅ᮹ ᯥʑෝ ֥ᨱᕽ ֥ᮝಽ ᩑᰆ⧩Ł, ࢹṙ۵ ᪶
᭥ෝ ĥ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᖒ֥᮹ ᩑಚᮥ ᖙᨱᕽ ᖙಽ ԏ∥ᮝ໑, ᖎᱶ᭥ᬱ⫭᮹ Ǎ ᖒᯕ ၵѭᨩ݅.
֥ ⨭ჶ⦹ᨱᕽ ᮹⫭۵ ᔢ⦹ ᧲ᬱᮝಽ Ǎᖒࡹ۵ äᮝಽ Ƚᱶ⦹Ł ᯩᨩᮝ ӹ, ֥ ⨭ჶᨱ ᮹⧕ ݉ᬱᱽ ǎ⫭ෝ Ǎᖒ⦹۵ äᮝಽ ၵѭᨩ݅a, ֥ ᬵ
᮹ ⨭ჶ }ᱶᨱ ᮹⧕ ݅ ᔢᬱ(Chambre des Conseillers) ၰ ⦹ᬱ(Chambre des Representants)ᮝಽ Ǎᖒࡽ ᧲ᬱᱽෝ ≉⦹í ࡹᨩ݅.
֥ ⨭ჶᨱ ໕ ༉ಽ⎵ᨱᕽ۵ ǎ᪶ᯕ ⅾญ ᯥǭŝ ⅾญ᮹ ᱽℎᨱ ᮹
⦽ bഭ ᯥǭᮥ ⧪ᔍ⦹Ł,) bഭ⫭᮹᮹ ᵝᰍ, ჶශ᮹ Ŗ⡍, ᮹⫭ ⧕ᔑǭᮥ aḡ
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
໑,) Ǒ ↽Ł ☖ᙹǭᯱᯙ ࠺ᨱ Ǒ・ၝe šญᯥ, ᳑᧞እᵡǭ, ᔍ໕ǭ ၰ እᔢ ᔍ┽ ᖁ⡍ǭᮥ aḡ۵) ॒ ǎ᪶ᯕ ⧪ᱶ・ᔍჶ・᯦ჶ ॒ ǭᨱᕽ Ñ᮹ ᱩݡᱢᯙ ǭಆᮥ ⧪ᔍ⦹Ł ᯩᨩ݅. ə్ӹ ֥ ᬵᨱ ᯕᨕḥ }⨭ᮝಽ ᳦௹ ǎ᪶ᯕ (ᯝႊᱢᮝಽ) ᯥ⦹ ⅾญෝ ǎ᪶ᯕ ⦹ᬱ᮹ᬱ ᖁÑ đŝෝ Łಅ⦹ᩍ ↽ݡ ݅ᙹ ݚ᮹ ݚᙹෝ ⅾญಽ ᯥ⦹Ł, ǎ᪶ᯕ ⅾญ᮹ ᱽℎᮝಽ ᱶᇡbഭॅᮥ ᯥ⦹۵ äᮝಽ ၵѭᨩ݅.) ᯕ᪡ zᯕ ֥ }ᱶ⨭ჶᨱᕽ ᵝ⦽ }ᱶԕᬊ ᵲ ⦹ӹ۵ ‘
᯦ჶᇡ᪡ ⧪ᱶᇡ᮹ ǭ⦽ v⪵’Ł ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
ᯕ⦹ᨱᕽ۵ ֥ ༉ಽ⎵ (}ᱶ)⨭ჶᮥ ᵲᝍᮝಽ ǎ᪶, ⧪ᱶᇡ, ᯦ჶŝ ⧪ᱶ ŝ᮹ šĥ, ḡႊᱶᇡ᮹ ᙽᮝಽ ༉ಽ⎵᮹ ⧪ᱶℕĥෝ }š⦹Ł đುᮥ ԕญࠥಾ
⦹ā݅.
ⳓǎ᪶
֝ଭ֫
ଵࢱୡ֫
ǎ᪶ᮡ ᳦Ʊ↽Łḡࠥᯱ(Amir Al-Mouminine)ಽᕽ ᯕᜍ௭ᮥ ᳕ᵲ⦹ᩍ ⦽݅.
ə۵ ၠᮭ᮹ ᯱᮁෝ ᅕᰆ⦽݅.) ǎa᮹ ᬱᙹᯕŁ, ǎa᮹ ↽Ł ݡ⢽ᯱᯕ໑, ǎa
☖ᯝ᮹ ᔢḶᯕŁ, ǎa᮹ ⧎Ǎᖒŝ ĥᗮᖒ᮹ ᅕᰆᯱᯕ໑, ǎaʑšॅ᮹ ↽Ł ᳑ ᱶᯱᯕ݅. ǎ᪶ᮡ ⨭ჶᮥ ᳕ᵲ⦹Ł, ⨭ჶʑš᮹ ʑ܆ᮥ šᰆ⦹Ł, ၝᵝᱢ ᖁ┾ŝ ᯙၝ, Ŗ࠺ℕ᮹ ǭญ᪡ ᯱᮁෝ ᅕ⪙⦹໑, ᪶ǎ᮹ ǎᱽᱢ ⨭ᝁᮥ ᳕ᵲ⦽݅.)
ǎ᪶ᮡ ǎa᮹ ࠦพŝ ᩢ☁ᱢ ☖⧊᮹ ᔢḶᯕ݅. ǎ᪶ᮡ ᯕ్⦽ ᯥྕॅᮥ ⨭ჶ ᨱ ᮹⧕ ႒⯩ ǭ⦽ᯕ ᇡᩍࡽ ⊺ಚ(dahir or royal decree)ᨱ ᮹⧕ ᙹ⧪⧕ ӹe݅.
⊺ಚᮡ ༉ಽ⎵ ⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑, ᱽ᳑, ᱽ᳑, ᱽ᳑, ᱽ᳑, ᱽ᳑, ᱽ᳑᪡
ᱽ᳑ᨱ Ƚᱶࡽ äᮥ ᱽ⦹Ł۵ ⅾญᨱ ᮹⧕ ᇡᕽࡽ݅.)
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑ ᱽ᳑ ᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑ ᱽ᳑ ᱽ᳑ ᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
ੱ⦽ ǎ᪶ᮡ ᝁᖒᇩa⋉᮹ ǭ᭥ෝ aḡŁ, ษদ⯩ ᳕Ğၼᦥ ⦹۵ ᳕ᰍᯕ݅.)
ࠤହࡣ֫րԨ߹ହࡣ֫
ǎ᪶ᮡ ⦹ᬱ᮹ᬱ ᖁÑ᮹ đŝॅᮥ Łಅ⦹ᩍ ↽ݡ ݅ᙹݚ᮹ ݚᙹෝ ⅾญಽ ᯥ
⦽݅.) ǎ᪶ᮡ ⅾญ᮹ ᱽℎᮝಽ ᱶᇡbഭॅᮥ ᯥ⦽݅.) ǎ᪶ᮡ ⅾญ᪡᮹ ᔢ᮹
⬥ᨱ, ᱶᇡ bഭ ᵲ ⦽ ⪚ᮡ ᅖᙹ᮹ bഭॅ᮹ ʑ܆ᮥ ᳦ഭ┍ ᙹ ᯩ݅.) ⅾญ ᮹ ᔍᯥᨱ ǎ᪶ᮡ ༉ु ԕb᮹ ʑ܆ᮥ ᳦ഭ┍ ᙹ ᯩ݅.) ʑ܆ᯕ ᳦ഭࡽ ᱶ ᇡ۵ ᔩಽᬕ ᱶᇡa Ǎᖒࢁ ভʭḡ ⩥ᦩ ᔍྕෝ ญ⦽݅.)
࣑ࠔੲଭվඑ֫
ǎ᪶ᮡ ჶශᯕ ᱶᇡಽ ᘂݍࡽ ⬥ ᯝ ᯕԕᨱ ᯕෝ Ŗ⡍⦽݅.) ǎ᪶ᯕ Ŗ⡍⦽
ჶශᮡ ⊺ಚᨱ ᮹⧕ Ŗ⡍ࡽ ԁಽᇡ░ ʑᔑ⦹ᩍ }ᬵᯕ չḡ ᦫ۵ ʑe ԕᨱ ᪶ ǎ᮹ šᅕᨱ ᝅಅ ⇽❱ࡽ݅.)
ଭฎଭැॺ֫
ǎ᪶ᮡ ⊺ಚᮝಽ ༉ಽ⎵ ⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑, ᱽ᳑, ᱽ᳑᮹ ᳑Õᯕ อ᳒ࡹᨩᮥ ভ,
⊺ಚᮝಽ ᔢ・⦹ ᧲ᬱ ༉ࢱ, ᦥܩ໕ ࢹ ᵲ ⦹ӹෝ ⧕ᔑ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.)
ੱ⦽ ǎ᪶ᮡ ǎa᪡ ᮹⫭ᨱ ີḡෝ ၽ⢽⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.) ǎ᪶᮹ ີḡ۵ ᮹⫭
ᨱᕽ Ԏࠦࡹ໑, םᰢ᮹ ݡᔢᯕ ࡹḡ ᦫ۵݅.
ౖ֞ճധ֫ୀ֝ԧੲౖ࣪ճฎଭச୍ୀߦছଭ֫
ǎ᪶ᮡ Ǒ ↽Ł ☖ᙹǭᯱᯕ݅.) ə۵ ḡ⭹šॅᮥ ᯥ⦹Ł əॅᨱí ǭ⦽ᮥ
᭥ᯥ⦽݅.)
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
ǎa᮹ ݡԕᱢ ᦩᅕ, ᭥ʑ ᔢ⫊ᨱ š⦽ šญ ᱥఖ ၰ Õᝅ⦽ ᦩᅕᨱ š⦽ Ƚ ჵ᮹ ᱽࠥ⪵ᨱ š⦽ ᳑ᱶᮥ ᭥⦽ ʑǍಽᕽ ǎaᦩᅕ↽Ł⫭᮹a ᖅࡹ۵ߑ, ǎ
᪶ᮡ ǎaᦩᅕ↽Ł⫭᮹ෝ ᵝᰍ⦹໑, ✚ᱶ⦽ ᵝᱽᨱ ⦽⧕ᕽ ᱶᇡ ᙹၹᨱí ᵝᰍ ǭᮥ ᭥ᯥ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.) ǎaᦩᅕ↽Ł⫭᮹۵ ᱶᇡ ᙹၹ ᨱ ⦹ᬱ᮹ᰆ, ᔢᬱ᮹ᰆ, ᔍჶᇡ↽Ł⫭᮹᮹ ݡ⢽ᯱ, ԕྕ・ྕ・ჶྕ・ǎႊ bഭॅ ၰ ᦩᅕྙᱽ᮹ ᱥྙ
aॅ, ǎǑ᮹ ↽Łḡ⭹šॅ əญŁ ə ₙᕾᯕ ᭥ᬱ⫭ᨱ ࠥᬡᯕ ࡹ۵ ʑ┡ ᮁ܆⦽
ᯙᔍॅಽ Ǎᖒࡹ໑, ᭥ᬱ⫭᮹ ᳑Ḣŝ ᯕ᮹ ʑ܆ᨱ š⦽ Ƚᮉॅᮡ ᭥ᬱ⫭᮹ ԕᇡ Ƚᱶᮝಽ ⦽݅.)
۩ॷହࡣ֫րઊणஜ֫
ǎ᪶ᮡ ǎŝ ǎᱽʑǍ᮹ ݡᔍॅᮥ ᯥ⦽݅.) ݡᔍ᪡ ǎᱽʑǍ᮹ ݡ⢽ॅᮡ
əᨱí ᝁᯥᰆᮥ ᇡᩍၼ۵݅. ə۵ ᳑᧞ᨱ ᕽ⦹Ł እᵡ⦽݅.) ə్ӹ ⠪⪵᳑
᧞, ࠺๚᳑᧞, ǎĞᮥ ᱶ⦹۵ ᳑᧞, ᔢᨦ᳑᧞, ǎa ᩩᔑᮥ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ ᳑᧞ॅ, ჶᱢ
᳑⊹ෝ ⦥ಽ ⦹۵ ᳑᧞ॅ, }ᯙŝ Ŗ࠺ℕ᮹ ǭญ᪡ ᯙၝ᮹ ᯱᮁ᪡ šಉࡽ ᳑᧞
ॅᮡ እᵡᨱ ᦿᕽ ჶශᨱ ᮹⧕ ᯙᮥ ၼᦥ⦽݅.)
ǎ᪶ᮡ ᨕਅ ᳑᧞ᯕु ᯕ᮹ እᵡᨱ ᦿᕽ ᮹⫭ᨱ ᱽ⇽⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.) ⨭ჶᰍ❱ᗭ ۵ ǎ᪶, ᱶᇡ ⅾญ, ⦹ᬱ᮹ᰆ, ᔢᬱ᮹ᰆ, ᔢᬱ᮹ᬱ᮹ ᇥ᮹ , ⦹ᬱ᮹ᬱ᮹ ᇥ᮹
ᯕ ᱽʑ⦽ ǎᱽ᳑᧞᮹ ⨭ჶŝ᮹ ∊࠭ŝ šಉ⦽ ྙᱽᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ⧕ݚ ǎᱽ᳑᧞᮹ እᵡᮡ ᪅Ḣ ⨭ჶᮥ }ᱶ⦽ ⬥ᨱ a܆⧉ᮥ ᖁᨙ⦽݅.)
ॷ࣑ऀౖճฎଭச୍֫
ǎ᪶ᮡ ᔍჶᇡ↽Ł⫭᮹ෝ ᵝᰍ⦽݅.) ੱ⦽ ǎ᪶ᮡ ᔍჶᇡ↽Ł⫭᮹a ᱽℎ⦽
ᔍჶᇡ ⧪ᱶᯙᔍᨱ š⦽ ᔍ⧎ᮥ ⊺ᮝಽ ᯙ⦽݅.)
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
ॷ֫
ǎ᪶ᮡ ᔍ໕ǭᮥ ⧪ᔍ⦽݅.)
ુୡ֫
ǎ᪶ᮡ ǎ☁᮹ ☖ᯝᖒᯕ ᭥⩲ၼÑӹ ⨭ჶʑš᮹ ᱶᔢᱢᯙ ʑ܆ᯕ ᭥⩲ၼ۵ እ ᔢᔢ⫊ᯕ ၽᔾ⧁ ভᨱ۵ ⅾญ, ⦹ᬱ᮹ᰆ, ᔢᬱ᮹ᰆ, ⨭ჶᰍ❱ᗭᰆŝ ⩲᮹⦽ ⬥ ᨱ, ⊺ಚᮝಽ ǎaᨱ ີḡෝ ၽ⢽⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.) ᯕ ⊺ಚᮝಽ ǎ᪶ᮡ ǎ☁᮹ ᩢ
☁ᱢ ☖ᯝᖒᮥ ᅕ᳕⦹Ł, ⨭ჶʑš᮹ ᱶᔢᱢᯙ ᬕᩢᮥ ⫭ᅖ⧁ ᳑⊹ॅᮥ ≉⧁ ᙹ
ᯩ݅.)
᮹⫭۵ ǎ᪶ᯕ እᔢǭ⦽ॅᮥ ⧪ᔍ⦹۵ ࠺ᦩᨱ۵ ⧕ᔑࡹḡ ᦫᮝ໑, ǎaእᔢᔢ
⫊ᨱࠥ ᯕ ⨭ჶᯕ Ƚᱶ⦽ ɝᅙᱢᯙ ǭญ᪡ ᯱᮁ۵ ᅕᰆࡽ݅.)
እᔢᔍ┽۵ ᯕෝ ᱶݚ⪵⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ༉ु ᳑Õᯕ ᔍḡ໕, ᯕ᪡ ੲzᮡ ⩶᮹ ᖁᨙᨱ ᮹⧕ ᳦ഭࡽ݅.)
ծ
༉ಽ⎵᮹ ᪶᭥᪡ ⨭ჶᱢ ǭ⦽ᮡ ǎ᪶ᯕ ᔕᦥ ᔾᱥᨱ ᰆᯱ ᯕ᮹ ᪶ᯱෝ ĥ
ᯱಽ ḡ⦹ḡ ᦫ۵ ⦽, Ḣĥᰆᯱᔢᗮ᮹ ᙽᕽᨱ ᦥქḡᨱᕽᇡ░ ᦥॅಽ ԉ
ᯱ ᪶᳒ᨱí ᯕᨕḡ໑, ԉᯱ ⬥ĥᯱa Ḣĥᨱ ᳕ᰍ⦹ḡ ᦫᮥ ভᨱ۵ ᪶᭥۵ ↽ɝ
⊽᮹ ႊĥ ᪶᳒ᨱí ĥࡽ݅.)
ǎ᪶ᮡ ᖙᨱ ᯕౡᮥ ভ ᖒ֥ᯕ ࡽ݅.) ǎ᪶ᯕ ၙᖒ֥ᯙ ࠺ᦩᨱ۵ ᖎᱶ᭥
ᬱ⫭a ⨭ჶ }ᱶŝ šಉ⦽ ǭ⦽ᮥ ᱽ⦹Ł۵ ǎ᪶᮹ ǭ⦽ŝ ⨭ჶᔢ᮹ ǭญॅ
ᮥ ⧪ᔍ⦽݅. ᖎᱶ᭥ᬱ⫭۵ ǎ᪶ᯕ ᖙᨱ ᯕʑʭḡ ǎ᪶᮹ ᳑ᨙʑšᮝಽᕽ ʑ܆⦽݅.)
ᖎᱶ᭥ᬱ⫭۵ ⨭ჶᰍ❱ᗭ᮹ ᗭᰆᯕ ᭥ᬱᰆᯕ ࡹŁ, ᯕ ᭥ᬱ⫭۵ ᱶᇡ ᙹၹ, ⦹
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
ᬱ᮹ᰆ, ᔢᬱ᮹ᰆ, ᔍჶᇡ ↽Ł᭥ᬱ⫭᮹ ݡ⢽ᯱ, Ulemas ᭥ᬱ⫭᮹ ᔍྕⅾᰆ ə ญŁ ᪶ᨱ ᮹⧕ ḡࡽ ᮹ ᱡᯙᔍॅಽ Ǎᖒࡽ݅. ᖎᱶ᭥ᬱ⫭᮹ ʑ܆ᨱ š⦽
Ƚᱶᮡ ჶශಽ Ƚᱶ⦽݅.
Ԩ߹ฎଭ
ǎ᪶ᮡ ⅾญ᪡ bഭॅಽ Ǎᖒࡽ bഭ⫭᮹ෝ ᵝᰍ⦽݅.) bഭ⫭᮹۵ ǎ᪶᮹ ၽ ᮹ӹ ⅾญ᮹ Ǎಽ }᮹⦽݅. ǎ᪶ᮡ ✚ᱶ⦽ ᮹ᱽᨱ š⧕ᕽ ⅾญᨱí bഭ⫭᮹ ᮹ ᵝᰍǭᮥ ᭥ᯥ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.)
bഭ⫭᮹۵ ݅ᮭ᮹ ྙᱽॅŝ ᵝᱽॅᨱ ݡ⧕ ᝍ᮹⦽݅.)
- ǎa ᱶ₦᮹ ᱶఖᱢ ႊ⋉
- ⨭ჶ }ᱶᦩ - b᳦ ჶශ
- ᰍᱶšಉ ჶᦩ᮹ ᱥℕᱢᯙ ႊ⨆
- ⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑ᨱ Ƚᱶࡽ ʑᅙჶᨱ š⦽ ჶᦩ - ᔍ໕ჶᦩ
- Ǒྕᨱ šಉࡽ ჶᦩ - ĥᨥಚ ᖁ⡍
- ᖁᱥ⡍Ł
- ⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑ᨱ Ƚᱶࡽ ჶಚᨱ šಉࡽ ᔍ⧎
- ⅾญ᮹ ᱽℎŝ šĥ ᰆš᮹ ᇡᕽᨱ ᮹⦽ ݅ᮭ ʑš᮹ ᰆॅᨱ š⦽ ᯥ: Al- Maghribᮡ⧪᮹ wali(ᰆ(䁷)), ݡᔍ, wali᪡ ḡᔍ, ⊹ᦩ⧪ᱶ₦ᯥᯱ(Ğₑℎᰆ), ŖŖᖅŝ Ŗᩢʑᨦ᮹ ᰆ(ᩍʑᨱ ⧕ݚࡹ۵ ŖŖᖅŝ ŖŖʑᨦ᮹ ༊ಾᮡ
ჶශಽ ᔢᖙ⯩ ᱶ⦽݅).
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
Ⳕ⧪ᱶᇡ
ෘ୨ऀଭ֜ন
ᱶᇡ۵ ⅾญ(The Prime Minister)᪡ bഭ(ᰆš,Minister)ॅಽ Ǎᖒࡽ݅.) ᱶᇡ ᮹ ᳑Ḣŝ ᨦྕᙹ⧪, Ǎᖒᬱॅ᮹ ḡ᭥ᨱ šಉ⦽ ᔍ⧎ᮡ ჶශಽ ⦽݅.) ᱶᇡ ʑ܆
e᮹ ∊࠭ ၰ ǭ⦽ᯕ ᳦ഭࡽ ᱶᇡ ʑšᯕ ญ⧕ ⦹۵ ᔍྕᨱ š⦽ ᔍ⧎ᮡ ჶ ශಽ ⦽݅.)
֥ ᬵᮥ ʑᵡᮝಽ ⅾญ᪡ ༉ಽ⎵ ⧪ᱶᇡ᮹ b ᇡᄥ ᰆšᮥ ӹᩕ⦹໕ ݅
ᮭŝ z݅.)
- ⅾญ(Prime Minister)
- Ʊ⩲ಆᰆš(Min. for Foreign Affairs & Cooperation) - ԕྕᰆš(Min. of Interior)
- ჶྕᰆš(Min. of Justice)
- ᯕᜍ௭ᰆš(Min. of Habous & Islamic Affairs) - ᰍĞᰆš(Min. of Finance & Economy)
- ⅾྕᰆš(Secretary General of the Government)
- ᨦ, Ⅽ}ၽ, ᙹᔑᰆš(Min. of Agriculture & Rural Development)
- Ʊᮂ, Ł॒Ʊᮂ, šญᯱ ᧲ᖒ, ŝ⦺ᩑǍᰆš(Min. of National Education, Higher Education, Staff Training & Scientific Research in Charge of School Education)
- Łᬊ, Ḣᨦ⬩ಉᰆš(Min. of Employment, Social Affairs & Solidarity) - ྙ⪵ᰆš(Min. of Culture)
- ÕᖅƱ☖ᰆš(Min. of Equipment & Transport)
- šŲ, ᙹŖᩩ, ᔍ⫭Ğᱽᰆš(Min. of Tourism, Handicrafts & Social Economy) - ᅕÕᰆš(Min. of Health)
- ݡ᮹⫭ ݕݚᰆš(Min. in Charge of Relations With Parliament)
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
༉ಽ⎵}⫊ ᵝ༉ಽ⎵ݡᔍš
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
- ᨱթḡ, Ųᔑ, ⪹Ğᰆš(Min. of Energy, Mines, Water & Environment) - Ŗᅕᰆš(Min. of Communications & Government Spokesperson) - ݡ☖ᔢᰆš(Min. of External Commerce)
- ᔍ⫭}ၽ, a᳒, ᩑݡᰆš(Min. of Social Development, Family & Solidarity) - ʑ⫮ᇡᰆš(Haut Commissariat for Planning)
- ᵝ┾, ࠥ}ၽᰆš(Min. of Housing, twon planning & development) - ᔑᨦ, ☖ᔢ, ᝁʑᚁᇡᰆš(Min. of Industry, Trade & New technogies) - ℎᗭ֥ℕᮂᰆš(Min. of Youth & Sports)
- ǎྕᰆš(ྕᯥᗭ)(Min. of State(Without Portfolio)) ()
- ǎႊ⧪ᱶ ݕݚᰆš(Min. Delegate to the Prime Minister in Charge of the Administration of National Defense)
- Ğᱽ, ⅾť ݕݚᰆš(Min. Delegate to the Prime Minister in Charge of Gen- eral & Economic Affairs)
- ᰍǎၝ ݕݚᰆš(Min. Delegate to the Prime Minister in Charge of Moroc- can Resident Abroad)
- ŖŖ⩥ݡ⪵ ݕݚᰆš(Min. Delegate to the Prime Minister in Charge of Pub- lic sectors Modernization )
- Ʊ⩲ಆᇡ ǎྕᰆš()(Sec. of State to the Min. of Foreign Affairs &
Cooperation)
- ԕྕᇡ ǎྕᰆš(Sec. of State to the Ministry to the Interior)
- Łᬊ, Ḣᨦ⬩ಉᇡǎྕᰆš(Sec. of State to the Min. of Employment & Voca- tional Training)
- Ʊᮂ, Ł॒Ʊᮂ, šญᯱ᧲ᖒ, ŝ⦺ᩑǍᇡ ǎྕᰆš(Sec. of State to the Min.
of National Education, Higher Education, Staff Training & Scientific Re- search)
- šŲ, ᙹŖᩩᇡ ǎྕᰆš(Sec. of State to the Min. of Tourism and Handi- crafts)
- ᨱթḡ, Ųᔑ, ⪹Ğᇡ ǎྕᰆš(Sec. of State to the Min. of Energy, Mines, Water and Environment)
- ᵝ┾, ࠥ}ၽᇡ ǎྕᰆš(Sec. of State to the Min. of Housing, town plan- ning & development)
※ Secretary of State۵ ᇡᨱᕽ ₉š(Secrétaire-Général)ᅕ݅ ᔢ᭥ᯕ໑, ᰆš
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
ᮥ ݡ⧪⦹۵ ✚ᄥᯥྕෝ ᇡᩍၼᮡ ǎྕᰆšᮝಽ ⧕ᕾ(ǎྕ⫭᮹ ₙᕾ)
׆ۇ
ᱶᇡ۵ ⧪ᱶǭᮥ ⧪ᔍ⦽݅.) ⅾญ᮹ ☖⧁⦹ᨱ ᱶᇡ۵ ᱶᇡ᮹ ᱶ₦ᮥ ⇵ḥ⦹Ł, ჶ᮹ Ḳ⧪ᮥ ᅕᰆ⦹Ł, ⧪ᱶ᳑Ḣᮥ ႑ᩕ⦹Ł, ŖŖʑᨦŝ ŖŖʑšॅᮥ qࠦ⦹
໑, əॅ᮹ ʑ܆ᮥ ᅕᰆ⦽݅.)
ᯕ᪡ zᯕ ᱶᇡ᮹ ʑ܆ᮡ ჶශ᮹ Ḳ⧪ᮥ ᅕᰆ⦹Ł ⧪ᱶᮥ ☖ᱽ⦹໑, ⦹ᬱᨱ ᯦ ჶᮥ ၽ᮹⦹Ł, ⨭ჶᨱ ᮹⧕ ⦹ᬱ᮹ š⧁ಽ Ƚᱶࡹḡ ᦫᮡ ྙᱽॅᨱ ݡ⦽ Ƚᱽෝ
⦹۵ äᯕ݅.)
ࠤ
ⅾญ۵ ⧪ᱶǭᮥ ⧪ᔍ⦹໑, ə ᯱᝁ᮹ ǭ⦽ ᵲ ᯝᇡ ǭ⦽ॅᮥ ԕb bഭॅᨱí
᭥ᯥ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.) ⅾญa ᱽᦩ⦽ ჶᦩᮡ šĥ ᰆš᮹ ᇡᕽa ᯩᨕ ⦽݅.)
ⅾญ۵ ༉ಽ⎵ ⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑᮹ ǭ⦽ᮥ ⋉⧕⦹ḡ ᦫ۵ ჵ᭥ᨱᕽ ŖŖʑš᮹ ᰆ
ॅᮥ ᯥ⦹Ł, ŖŖᖅŝ ŖŖʑᨦॅ᮹ ᯥᬱॅᮥ ᯥ⦽݅.) ⅾญ۵ ᯕ ǭ⦽
ᮥ ᭥ᯥ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.)
ǎ᪶ᯕ bഭॅᮥ ᖁᯥ⦽ अᨱ ⅾญ۵ ᔢᬱŝ ⦹ᬱᨱᕽ ᱶᇡ ᨦྕᙹ⧪ᨱ š⦽
ᱶ₦ᮥ ᖅ⦽݅.) ᯕ ᱶ₦ᮡ Ğᱽ, ᔍ⫭, ⪹Ğ, ྙ⪵, Ʊෝ ⡍⧉⦽ ᩍ్ ᇥᨱ ᕽ᮹ ᱶᇡ᮹ ⪽࠺ĥ⫮ᨱ ݡ⧕ ⧕ ⦽݅.) ᯕ ᱶ₦ᮡ ᔢ・⦹ ᧲ᬱᨱᕽ ☁ು
⦽ ⬥ ⦹ᬱᨱᕽ ⢽đᨱ ᇡℱḥ݅.)
ᱶᇡ۵ ᱶᇡ᮹ ĥ⫮ᨱ ݡ⧕ ⦹ᬱᨱᕽ ᱩݡ݅ᙹ᮹ ⚍⢽ᨱ ᮹⧕ ᝁᯥᮥ ᮡ अ
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
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֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
ᨱ ⧕ݚ ᱶ₦ᮥ ⇵ḥ⧁ ǭ⦽ᮥ ᇡᩍၼ۵݅.)
֝ࡿฎଭ
ⅾญ᮹ ᵝᰍ⦹ᨱ ǎྕ⫭᮹۵ ݅ᮭ᮹ ᔍ⧎ᨱ ݡ⧕ ᝍ᮹⦽݅.
- bഭ⫭᮹ᨱ ᔢᱶࡹʑ ᱥ ǎa᮹ ᯝၹᱶ₦ᨱ š⦽ ᝍ᮹ - ŖŖᱶ₦
- ᇡྙᱶ₦
- ⦹ᬱᨱ ݡ⦽ ᱶᇡ᮹ ₦ᯥᨱ š⦽ ᔍ⧎
- ᯙǭŝ ŖŖḩᕽ᪡ šಉ⦽ ᔍྕᨱ š⦽ ᔍ⧎
- ⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑᮹ Ƚᱶᮥ ⋉⧕⦹ḡ ᦫᮝ໕ᕽ ⦹ᬱ ᔍྕǎᨱ ᱽ⦹ʑ ᭥⦽ ᰍᱶ ᨱ š⦽ ჶᦩ
- ಚ
- Ƚᱽ ಚ Ⅹᦩ
- ⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑(ྙ݉), , (ྙ݉)ᨱ Ƚᱶࡹᨕ ᯩ۵ ಚ - bഭ⫭᮹ᨱ ᔢᱶࡹʑ ᱥ᮹ ǎᱽ᳑᧞ᨱ ݡ⦽ ᝍ᮹
- ⧪ᱶᇡ᮹ ᔍྕⅾᰆ ၰ ǎᰆ, ݡ⦺ ⅾᰆ, Ł॒⦺Ʊ᪡ ᩑǍᗭᰆŝ ʑ⫮ᯱ᮹ ᯥ
. ᯕᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑ᨱ ǎྕ⫭᮹᮹ ʑ܆ŝ ᖁၽ᮹ ʑᵡ, ʑ⫭᮹ Ɂ॒, ⩽┾, ǭ⦽ŝ ⚍ᖒ ॒ᮡ ჶශಽ ᱶ⦽݅.
ⅾญ۵ ǎྕ⫭᮹᮹ đᱶᔍ⧎ᮥ ǎ᪶ᨱí ᅕŁ⦽݅.
Ԩ߹ଭథହ
bഭॅᮡ ᯱᝁॅ᮹ ᗭšᔍ⧎ŝ ᱶᇡ᮹ ᳑Ḣᱢᯙ ʑ܆, ᱶᇡ ᱶ₦᮹ ᯕ⧪ ॒ᨱ
₦ᯥᮥ ḥ݅.) bഭॅᮡ ⅾญa əॅᨱí ᭥ᯥ⦽ ᯥྕෝ ᪥ᙹ⧕ ⦹Ł, ǎྕ⫭
᮹ᨱ ⫭ĥᅕŁᕽෝ ᱽ⧕ ⦽݅.) bഭॅᮡ əॅ᮹ ᯝᇡ ǭ⦽ᮥ ǎྕᇡ ᰆš ᨱí ᭥ᯥ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.)
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
bഭॅᮡ ੱ⦽ əॅ᮹ ʑ܆ᮥ ᙹ⧪⧉ᨱ ᯩᨕ əॅᯕ ჵ⦽ ჵᴥ᪡ እ⧪ᨱ ݡ⧕
ᕽ ⩶ᔍᱢᯙ ₦ᯥᮥ ḡ໑, ᯕ ₦ᯥŝ šಉ⦽ ᱩ₉۵ ჶශಽ ᱶ⦽݅.)
ⳕ᯦ჶǭŝ⧪ᱶǭᔍᯕ᮹šĥ
࣑ऀෘ୨ऀଭଵࢱୡฆܛ
᮹⫭۵ ᵝᯝᨱ ⦽ ჩ }ᱶࡹŁ, ᬑᖁᱢᮝಽ ǎ⫭᮹ᬱॅᯕ ᱽʑ⦽ ྙᱽ᪡ ᱶᇡ ᮹ ݖᄡᨱ š⦽ ྙᱽෝ ญ⦽݅. ᱶᇡ۵ ḩ᮹ෝ ၼᮡ ԁಽᇡ░ ᯝ ᯕԕᨱ ݖ ᄡᮥ ⧕อ ⦽݅.)
ᯝၹ ᱶ₦ᨱ š⦽ ḩ᮹ᨱ ݡ⦽ ݖᄡᮡ ⅾญa ⧪⦹۵ߑ, ᯕ ḩ᮹a ⅾญᨱí
ࠥ₊⦽ ԁಽᇡ░ ᯝ ᯕԕᨱ ⧕ݚ ᮹⫭ᨱ ᯕᨱ ݡ⦽ ݖᄡᯕ ⧪⧕Კ ⦹Ł, ᯕ
ḩ᮹᪡ ݖᄡᮥ ญ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ ᮹⫭۵ ⦽ ݍᨱ ⦽ ჩ }ᱶ⦽݅.)
ੱ⦽ ǎ⫭᮹ ᭥ᬱ⫭۵ ⧪ᱶᇡӹ ŖŖʑš, ŖŖʑᨦ᮹ ₦ᯥᯱॅᮥ šĥ ᰆš᮹
₦ᯥ⦹ᨱ ᗭ⪹⦹ᩍ ḥᚁ⦹í ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.) ⅾญ۵ ə ᯱᝁ᮹ ၽ᮹, ⦹ᬱ᮹ᬱ ᇥ ᮹ ᮹ Ǎ ⪚ᮡ ᔢᬱ᮹ᬱ ݅ᙹ᮹ ၽ᮹ᨱ ᮹⧕ ᱶᇡ᮹ ⪽࠺ᨱ ݡ⧕ ᮹⫭ ᦿᨱᕽ ḥᚁ⦽݅.) ᮹⫭۵ ֥ᨱ ჩ ŖŖᱶ₦ᨱ ݡ⦽ ☁ುŝ ⠪aෝ ⧪⦽݅.)
࣑֫րෘ୨֫ॷଲଭե୪ֹ෴
ࠤଭହറඝࢳଭ֫
ⅾญ۵ ⦹ᬱᨱᕽ ŖŖᱶ₦ŝ ⧕ݚ ᱶ₦ᨱ ݡ⦽ ᝁᯥᮥ ྜྷᮥ ᙹ ᯩ݅.) ᝁᯥ⚍
⢽۵ ᝁᯥ⚍⢽ᦩᯕ ᱽʑࡽ ḡ ᯝᯕ ḡӽ ⬥ᨱ ⧪⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.) ᝁᯥŝ ჶᦩᮡ
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
⦹ᬱ᮹ᬱ ᱩݡ݅ᙹᨱ ᮹⧕ᕽอ ᇡđࢁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ߑ,) อᯝ ᝁᯥ⚍⢽a ᇡđࡹ໕ ԕbᮡ ⅾᔍ♕⦽݅.)
ଭٛԨऄହէଭ
ԕbᮡ ⦹ᬱ᮹ ᇩᝁᯥđ᮹ᨱ ᮹⧕ ⧕ᔑࢁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.) ᷪ, ⦹ᬱᮡ ᇩᝁᯥđ᮹ಽ ᱶᇡ᮹ ₦ᯥᮥ ྜྷᮥ ᙹ ᯩ݅.) ᇩᝁᯥđ᮹ᦩ᮹ ၽ᮹۵ ⦹ᬱ᮹ᬱ ᇥ᮹ ᯕᔢ᮹
࠺᮹ಽ ⧕ ⦽݅.) ᇩᝁᯥᦩ᮹ ၽ᮹۵ ⦹ᬱ᮹ᰆ᮹ ᯙᯕ ᯩᨕ ⦹໑, ⦹ᬱ᮹ ᱩݡ݅ᙹ᮹ ₍ᖒᮝಽ៉อ ᮹đࢁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.) ⚍⢽۵ ᇩᝁᯥᦩᯕ ᱽ⇽ࡽ ḡ ᯝᯕ ḡӽ ⬥ᨱ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᮝ໑, ᇩᝁᯥᦩ᮹ ⚍⢽đŝᨱ ԕbᮡ ⅾᔍ♕⧕ ⦽
݅.) ԕbᯕ ᇩᝁᯥᦩ᮹ ᮹đᨱ ᮹⧕ ⅾᔍ♕⦹໕ ֥ ᯕԕᨱ۵ ᇩᝁᯥᦩᮡ ᱽ⇽
⧁ ᙹ ᨧ݅.)
ࠤଭැॺ֫
ⅾญ۵ ǎ᪶, ⦹ᬱ᮹ᰆ, ⨭ჶᰍ❱ᗭᰆŝ ⩲᮹⦽ ⬥, bഭ⫭᮹ᨱᕽ ₥┾ࡽ ಚ ᨱ ⦹ᬱᮥ ⧕ᔑ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.) ⅾญ۵ ⦹ᬱᨱᕽ ᭥ đᱶ᮹ ᯕᮁ᪡ ༊ᱢᨱ ݡ⧕
ᕽ ႒⦹í ᖅ⧕ ⦽݅.)
ঃଭ୨ऀ۩ாଭ・ডࡣ૬֜
ᔢᬱᮡ ᮹ᬱ ᇥ᮹ ᯕᔢ᮹ ࠺᮹ಽ ᱶᇡᨱ ḩ᮹・ᖅᮥ Ǎ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.) ᯕ
Ǎ۵ ᱽ⇽ࡽ ḡ ᯝ ⬥ᨱ ⚍⢽ᨱ ᇡℱḩ ᙹ ᯩᮝ໑, ᔢᬱ᮹ᬱ ᱩݡ݅ᙹ᮹ ₍ ᖒᮝಽ ᮹đࡽ݅.)
ḩ᮹・ᖅ Ǎᦩᮡ ᷪ ᔢᬱ᮹ᰆᨱ ᮹⧕ ⅾญᨱí ☖ᅕࡹŁ, ⅾญ۵ ☖ᅕ
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
ၼᮡ ԁಽᇡ░ ᯝ ԕᨱ ᔢᬱᨱᕽ ᱶᇡ᮹ ᯦ᰆᮥ ݖᄡ⧕ ⦽݅.) ⅾญ᮹ ݖᄡᮡ
ݖᄡ ⬥ᨱ ⢽đ ᨧ۵ ☁ುᨱ ᇡℱḥ݅.)
Ⳗḡႊᱶᇡ
ࡦߦಸଭࢺෘ୨Թւ
༉ಽ⎵᮹ ḡႊ⧪ᱶ ᳑Ḣᮡ ֥ ⨭ჶᨱ ᮹⧕ }⠙ࡹᨕ } Willaya(ᵝ),
} prefectures(ࠥ), } provinces(⩥), ,} communes(, ᮮ, ໕)ᮝಽ Ǎᖒ
ࡹᨕ ᯩ݅Ł ⦽݅.) ੱ⦽, ⧪ᱶᇥᔑŝ Ǎ᳑᳑ᱶᮥ ☖⦽ ⬉ᮉᖒ ⨆ᔢᮥ ᭥⦹ᩍ ḡ
ႊᯱ⊹⧪ᱶ Ǎ᳑᪡۵ ᄥࠥಽ ḡᩎĞᱽ Ǎᩎᮥ ᖅᱶ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.)
༉ಽ⎵ ⨭ჶᮡ “༉ಽ⎵ ᪶ǎ᮹ ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ ᳑Ḣᮡ ᯱᮁ⧪ᱶ, ᳑⪵᪡ đᗮ᮹ ᬱ⊺ᨱ ɝÑ⦽݅. ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ۵ ᵝၝॅᯕ əॅ᮹ ᔍྕᨱ ݡ⦽ đᱶᨱ ₙᩍ⦹۵ äᮥ ᅕᰆ⦹Ł, ᵝၝॅᯕ əॅ᮹ ᪥ᱥ⦹Ł ḡᗮᱢᯙ ᵝၝᮝಽᕽ᮹ ᯙĊ⩶ᖒᨱ ʑ ᩍ⧉ᮥ ǭᰆ⦽݅)”Ł ⦹ᩍ ḡႊᯱ⊹ᱽࠥෝ ᯦ࠥ⦹Ł ᯩᮭᮥ ᖁᨙ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
ə్ӹ Wali(Willaya᮹ ᰆ)ෝ ǎ᪶ᯕ ᯥ⦹Ł, ᵲᦺᱶᇡᨱᕽ ᰍᱶḡᬱᮥ ⦹۵
॒ ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ᮹ ࠦพᖒᮡ ׳ḡ ༜⦹໑, ᵝၝॅᯕ ḢᱲᖁÑෝ ☖⧕ ᰆᮥ Ꮂ Ł ᯩᮝӹ, ə ǭ⦽ᮡ ᔢݡᱢᮝಽ Ⓧḡ ༜⦹݅.)
ࡦߦಸଭࢺୀ౿఼ۚ
༉ಽ⎵ ᪶ǎ᮹ ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ۵ ౩ḡ(Regions), ࠥ(Prefectures), ⩥(Provinc- es)ŝ (Communes)ᮝಽ Ǎᖒࡽ݅.)
b ᯱ⊹݉ℕ۵ ჶශᨱ ᮹⧕ əॅ᮹ ᔍྕෝ ၝᵝᱢᮝಽ ญ⧁ ᯱෝ ᖁ⇽⦹۵
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
༉ಽ⎵}⫊ ᵝ༉ಽ⎵ݡᔍš
༉ಽ⎵}⫊ ᵝ༉ಽ⎵ݡᔍš
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
༉ಽ⎵}⫊ ᵝ༉ಽ⎵ݡᔍš
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
ߑ, Ųᩎŝ ʑⅩᯱ⊹݉ℕ(the regions & the communes)᮹⫭ ᮹ᬱᮡ Ḣᱲ・ᅕ☖
ᖁÑᨱ ᮹⧕ ᖁ⇽ࡽ݅.)
Ƚᱶࡽ ä ᯕ᮹ ᯱ⊹݉ℕ۵ ჶශᨱ ᮹⧕ ᖅࡹŁ, ᭥ᨱ Ƚᱶࡽ } ⪚ᮡ ə ᯕᔢ᮹ ᯱ⊹݉ℕෝ ݡℕ⦹ʑ ᭥⦹ᩍ ᖅพࡽ݅.)
ࢺୀ౿఼ۚଭઽ
ଵࢱୡॷා
ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ۵ ǎa᮹ ᯝၹ ⧪ᱶ᮹ ᙹ⧪ᨱ ₙᩍ⦹Ł əॅ ḡᩎᨱᕽ ᖁ⇽ࡽ ᔢ ᬱ᮹ᬱॅᮥ ☖⧕ ḡႊᱶ₦ᨱ š⦽ ᔢᬱ᮹ ᯦ჶᨱ ₙᩍ⦽݅.) ᩑݡ᮹ ᬱญᨱ ʑ
Ⅹ⦹ᩍ, ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ۵ əॅ ᯱᝁ᮹ Łᮁᔍྕ᪡ ݉ℕ᭥ᯥᔍྕ, ʑš᭥ᯥᔍྕෝ
aḥ݅.) əญŁ ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕॅᮡ ĥ⫮ŝ ᯕ⧪ᙹ݉ e᮹ ᔢ⪙᯲ᬊᮥ ᭥⦽ ᳑Ḣ
ॅᮥ đᖒ⦽݅.)
ḡႊ᮹⫭᮹ ᮹ᰆŝ ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ᮹ ᰆᮡ ᯱ⊹᮹⫭ᨱᕽ ᝍ᮹・᮹đ⦽ äॅᮥ
Ḳ⧪⦽݅.) ḡႊ᮹⫭᮹ ᰆŝ ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ᮹ ᰆᮡ ḡႊ}ၽĥ⫮᮹ ᯦ჶŝ ᱢᬊ ᨱ ᵝၝ・݉ℕ᮹ ₙᩍෝ Ⅺḥ┅ʑ ᭥⦹ᩍ ⩲᮹⦹Ł ᱽ⮕⦽݅.) ᵝၝŝ ݉ℕ ۵ ḡႊ᮹⫭᮹ ǭ⦽ᨱ š⦽ ᮹ᱽᨱ ₙᩍ⧁ äᮥ Ǎ⦹۵ ℎᬱ᮹ ǭญ۵ ⧪ᔍ⧁
ᙹ ᯩ݅.)
ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ۵ bᯱ᮹ ǭ⦽ŝ ᩢᩎ᮹ ჵ᭥ ԕᨱᕽ əॅ᮹ ǭ⦽ᮥ ᯕ⧪⧁ Ƚᱽ
᯦ჶ᮹ ǭ⦽ᮥ aḥ݅.) ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ۵ əॅ ᯱᝁ᮹ ᩩᔑŝ ǎaಽᇡ░ ḡᬱࡽ
ᩩᔑᮥ ⧁ݚ・႑⊹⦽݅.) ᕽ ǎaಽᇡ░ ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕಽ᮹ ǭ⦽ ᯕ᧲ᮡ ᯕ
᪡ šಉࡽ ᩩᔑ᮹ ᯕ᧲ᮥ ᙹၹ⦽݅.)
ᯙᱢᯱᬱ}ၽ・ᯙ⥥᪡ ŖŖᰆእ᮹ ษಉᮥ ᭥⧕ ᵡእࡽ ᔍ⫭ၽᱥʑɩᮡ ʑ
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
eᮥ ᱶ⦹ᩍ ḡႊ᮹ ၽᱥᮥ ᭥⧕ ᳑ᖒࡽ݅.) ḡႊe᮹ ᇩɁ⩶ᮥ ⧕ᗭ⦹ʑ ᭥⦽
ḡႊᩑݡʑɩᮡ ᯱᬱ᮹ Ŗ⠪⦽ ႑ᇥᮥ Łಅ⦹ᩍ ᳑ᖒࡽ݅.)
ᨕਅ ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕࠥ ݅ෙ ᯱ⊹݉ℕ᮹ ⬥čᯙᯕ ࢁ ᙹ ᨧ݅.) ḡႊၽᱥŝ ᯱ⊹
݉ℕĞᩢŝ šಉࡽ ⥥ಽəఉ᮹ ᯦ჶŝ ᱢᬊŝ šಉ⦹ᩍ ᯱ⊹݉ℕ۵, ݅ෙ ᯱ⊹݉
ℕ᪡ ᕽಽ᮹ ǭ⦽ᮥ ᳕ᵲ⦹໕ᕽ ᕽಽ ⩲ಆ⧁ ǭญෝ ᅕᰆ⦹໑, ᯕ۵ ⧕ݚ ᯱ⊹݉
ℕ᮹⫭᮹ ᰆ᮹ ၽ᮹ಽ ⦽݅.) อᯝ ᙹ}᮹ ᯱ⊹݉ℕe᮹ ⩲ಆᯕ ⥥ಽ᱾✙᮹ ᝅ
⩥ᮥ ᭥⧕ ⦥⦹݅໕, ə ᯱ⊹݉ℕॅᮡ əॅ᮹ ⩲ಆ᮹ ႊᮥ đᱶ⧕ ⦽݅.)
ࢺୀ౿఼ۚୋଭ֫
ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ᮹ ᰆᮡ ᯝၹᱢᯙ ǭ⦽ᮥ ᅕᮁ⦽݅.) ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ۵ ᱶᇡ᮹ ᯕ
ᮝಽ ჶ᮹ ᱢᬊ, ᱶᇡȽᱽ᪡ đᱶᮥ ᯕ⧪⦹Ł, ⧪ᱶᱢ ☖ᱽෝ ᙹ⧪⦽݅.) ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ᮹ ᰆॅᮡ ੱ⦽ }ၽĥ⫮᮹ ᯕ⧪ŝ šಉ⦹ᩍ ḡႊ᮹⫭᮹ ᰆŝ ʑ
┡ ᯱ⊹݉ℕ᮹ ᰆॅᮥ ḡᬱ⦽݅.)
ࢺఙ౿఼ۚւָ୨ॷා
ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ᪡ šಉࡽ ݅ᮭ᮹ ᔍ⧎ᮡ ჶශಽ ᱶ⦽݅.)
- ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕᔍྕ᮹ ၝᵝᱢ ᯕ⧪ŝ ḡႊ᮹⫭᮹ᬱ᮹ ᱶᙹ, ⦝ᖁÑᯱĊ, ǭ⦽
e᮹ ∊࠭ŝ ǭ⦽ ᭥ᯥ᮹ ᱶḡ, ᖁÑᱽࠥ, ḡႊ᮹⫭ᨱ ᩍᖒ᮹ ₙᩍෝ ᅕᰆ⦹
۵ ॒᮹ ᔍ⧎
- ⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑ෝ Łಅ⦹ᩍ ḡႊ᮹⫭᪡ ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ᮹ đᱶ᮹ ᯕ⧪ŝ šಉ
ࡽ ᔍ⧎
- ⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑ᨱ Ƚᱶࡽ ᵝၝŝ ݉ℕ᮹ ℎᬱǭ᮹ ⧪ᔍᨱ š⦽ ᔍ⧎
- ⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑ᨱ Ƚᱶࡽ ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ᮹ Łᮁᔍྕ・݉ℕ᭥ᯥᔍྕ・ʑš᭥
ᯥᔍྕᨱ š⦽ ᔍ⧎
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
֥༉ಽ⎵⨭ჶᱽ᳑
ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
- ᯱ⊹݉ℕ᮹ ᩩᔑᨱ š⦽ ᔍ⧎
- ⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑ᨱ Ƚᱶࡽ ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ᮹ ᖙᬱᨱ šಉࡽ ᔍ⧎
- ⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑ᨱ Ƚᱶࡽ ᔍ⫭ၽᱥʑɩŝ ḡႊᩑݡʑɩ᮹ ᖙᬱŝ ʑ܆᮹ ႊ
ᨱ š⦽ ᔍ⧎
- ⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑ᨱ Ƚᱶࡽ ᳑Ḣ᮹ Ǎᖒႊŝ ᳑Õᨱ š⦽ ᔍ⧎
- ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ e᮹ ၽᱥᮥ Ⅺḥ⦹۵ Ƚᱶŝ ᯕᨱ ݡ⦽ ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ᮹ ᱢ᮲
ᮥ ᅕᰆ⦹ʑ ᭥⦽ ℕĥ᪡ šಉࡽ ᔍ⧎
- ᯱᮁ⧪ᱶŝ b᳦ ʑɩ・ĥ⫮᮹ ᬕᩢᨱ š⦽ ☖ᱽ, ḡႊ⧪ᱶᨱ ݡ⦽ ⠪a, đ ᔑᅕŁ᮹ ᱽݡಽ ࡽ ᯕ⧪ᨱ š⦽ Ƚ⊺ॅ
׆ొୀ౿఼ۚ
⩥(Provinces)ᮡ Circleॅಽ ǍᖒࡹŁ, Circleᮡ Quidatॅಽ Ǎᖒࡽ݅. ʼn᮹ Quidatᮡ Quidಽ ݡ⢽ࡹ۵ ၹ໕, ࠥ᮹ Quidatᮡ Pashaᨱ ᮹⧕ ݡ⢽ࡽ݅. ᩎᔍ ᱢᮝಽ Quidᮡ ᚁ┥ᨱ ᮹⧕ ᯥࡹŁ, ᵲݡ⦽ ǭ⦽ᮥ aḡ໑, ᔍჶǭ⦽ॅࠥ
aḥ݅. ᪅۹ԁ᮹ Quidᮡ ᔍჶᱢᯙ ǭ⦽ᮡ ᨧ݅. ⦹ḡอ əa ⧪ᔍ⦹۵ ǭ⦽ॅᨱ ۵ ჵᴥᨱ ݡ⦽ ᳑ᔍ᪡ ᖁÑ᮹ š⧁, ᯱĊ᷾᮹ ၽ⧪, aݡ⇽᮹ ᯙ, ᔍჶᱽࠥ
ಽ ⧕đ⦹ʑᨱ۵ թྕӹ ᔍᗭ⦽ ྙᱽॅ᮹ ᳑ᱶॅᯕ ᯩ݅. Quidᮡ ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ
ॅ ᔍᯕ᮹ ᵲ}ᩎ⧁ᮥ ⦹ʑࠥ ⦽݅.)
Quid᪡ Pasha᮹ ၲᨱࠥ }᮹ ⧪ᱶ݉᭥ॅᯕ ᳕ᰍ⦽݅. Khalifa۵ ࠥ᮹ ᯲
ᮡ Ǎᩎॅᮥ qࠦ⦹Ł, Shaykh۵ ᦉ᳒, ᇡ᳒᮹ ❭ჭᇥᰢᮥ ₦ᯥḡ໑, Muqaddam
ᮡ ᯲ᮡ Ⅽॅ᮹ ᬑࢱນญᯕ݅. Shaykh᪡ Muqaddamᮡ ᱥᯥᮡ ᦥܩ݅. əॅᮡ
⠪Ɂᱢᮝಽ ,᮹ ᔍ௭ॅᮥ š⧁⦹Ł, əॅ᮹ ᱽ᮹ ᯥྕ۵ ☁ḡᖙෝ ᇡŝ
⦹۵ äᯕ݅.)
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bb᮹ Circleᮡ } ⪚ᮡ ə ᯕᔢ᮹ (Commune)ᮝಽ Ǎᖒࡽ݅. bbᮡ ᄥ }᮹ ჶᯙĊᮥ aḡŁ ᰍᱶᱢᮝಽࠥ ࠦพࡹᨕ ᯩ݅. ࠥ᪡ ʼnᨱ ༉ࢱ ᳕ᰍ⦽
$4DPUU5BMCPU 5IF-FHBM4ZTUFNPGUIF,JOHEPNPG.PSPDDP JO.PEFSO-FHBM4ZTUFNT$ZDMPQFEJB
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ण
֗
࣑ ෮ ੲ
ं জ
༉ಽ⎵
݅. ࠺ᮡ ḡႊ᮹ ᇡ᳒ᨱ ɝÑ⦽ ⧪ᱶℕĥෝ ᔍ⫭-Ğᱽᱢ ݉᭥ಽ ⠙ᖒ⧩݅. ᮹ ᵝ⦽ ʑšᮡ ֥ ᯥʑ᮹, ᯙǍᨱ ᨱᕽ ᮹ ᮹ᬱॅಽ Ǎᖒࡽ ᮹
⫭ᯕ݅. ᮹⫭᮹ đᱶǭ⦽ᮡ ɝᅙᱢᮝಽ ŖŖᰍᱶᇥಽ ᱽ⦽ࡽ݅. ᮹⫭
᮹ đᱶᮡ ḡᔍ᪡ ԕྕᇡ ᰆš᮹ ᯙᨱ ᳦ᗮࡽ݅.)
ⳗđು
֥ ༉ಽ⎵ }ᱶ ⨭ჶᮡ ǭಆ᮹ ᇥญ᪡ čᱽ, ᳑⪵ෝ ࠥ༉⦹Łᯱ ⦹ᩡŁ, ᦥ ᬙ్ ǎၝॅ᮹ ₙᩍ᪡ ᖁᱶ(㈄㗑, good governance)᮹ ᬱ⊺ᮥ ᖁᨙ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ᳦ ᱥᨱ۵ ᝅḩᱢᮝಽ ǎ᪶ᯕ ⧪ᱶ・ᔍჶ・᯦ჶ ॒ ǭᨱᕽ Ñ᮹ ᱩݡᱢᯙ ǭಆᮥ
⧪ᔍ⦹Ł ᯩᨩᮝӹ, }ᱶ ⨭ჶᨱ ⅾญ, ᔢ・⦹ ᧲ᬱ əญŁ ᔍჶᇡ᮹ ǭ⦽
ᯕ v⪵ࡹ໕ᕽ ǎ᪶᮹ ǭ⦽ᮡ ᔢݡᱢᮝಽ ฯᯕ ⇶ᗭࡹᨩ݅. ⦹ḡอ ǎ᪶ᮡ ᩍᱥ
⯩ ⅾญᯥǭ, ᰆš⧕ᯥǭ, ᮹⫭᮹ ⧕ᔑǭ, Ǒ ☖ᙹǭ, ᔍჶᇡ↽Ł⫭᮹ ᵝᰍǭᮥ
ᮁḡ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
ᱶᇡ۵ ⅾญ᮹ ☖⧁⦹ᨱ ჶශ᮹ Ḳ⧪ᮥ ᅕᰆ⦹Ł ⧪ᱶᮥ ☖ᱽ⦹໑, ⦹ᬱᨱ ᯦ ჶᮥ ၽ᮹⦹Ł, ⨭ჶᨱ ᮹⧕ ⦹ᬱ᮹ š⧁ಽ Ƚᱶࡹḡ ᦫᮡ ྙᱽॅᮥ Ƚᱽ⦽݅.
᯦ჶŝ ⧪ᱶ ᔍᯕ᮹ šĥᨱᕽ۵ čᱽ᪡ Ɂ⩶᮹ ᬱญa ӹ┡ӹŁ ᯩ۵ߑ, ⦹ᬱ ᮹ ԕb ᇩᝁᯥđ᮹ᨱ ᮹⧕ ԕbᯕ ⧕ᔑࢁ ᙹ ᯩࠥಾ ⦹۵ ⦽⠙, ⅾญᨱí ⦹ᬱᮥ
⧕ᔑ⧁ ǭ⦽ᮥ ᇡᩍ⦽ äᮡ ᯕ్⦽ čᱽ᪡ Ɂ⩶ᮥ ᅕᩍ ᵝ۵ ᳬᮡ ᩩᯕ݅.
༉ಽ⎵۵ ⨭ჶᨱᕽ ᱢᮝಽ ḡႊᯱ⊹ᱽࠥෝ ᯦ࠥ⦹Ł ᯩᮭᮥ ᖁᨙ⦹Ł ᯩ ᮝӹ(⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑), ᦥḢʭḡ ḡႊᯱ⊹݉ℕ᮹ ࠦพᖒᮡ ׳ḡ ༜⦹݅.
$4DPUU5BMCPU 5IF-FHBM4ZTUFNPGUIF,JOHEPNPG.PSPDDP JO.PEFSO-FHBM4ZTUFNT$ZDMPQFEJB
Ⰷ '-PXFS-FWFMTPG&YFDVUJWF"ENJOJTUSBUJPO
