영 어 (A형) 서 울
-1-
Ⅰ. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined. (1-9)
1. One savours the delectable good-heartedness of another as one might smack one's lips over a succulent dish of prawns.
① praises ② captures
③ rescues ④ tastes
2. There was nothing so very remarkable in that; nor did she think it so very much out of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself, "Oh boy! Oh boy! I shall be too late!"
① eccentric ② sudden
③ weary ④ close
3. If justice is necessary at all, he thought, it was as a counterweight to our inordinate pursuit of gain and self-interest.
① excessive ② ordinary
③ unnecessary ④ blind
4. It is not hard to interpret his point in Oedipal terms, as dyadic or imaginary rapport between mother and child is triangulated by the entry of the father upon the scene.
① image ② relation
③ reference ④ memory
5. His compatriot Swift, who shared his distaste for universal benignity, has the crazed Gulliver go step further, spurning his kinsfolk and falling in love with a breed of alien quadrupeds.
① hating ② rejecting
③ saving ④ leaving
6. Williams almost single-handedly broke his way out of the enclosure into that field, indeed constituted that field as he went along.
① domain ② gate
③ reserve ④ confinement
7. Of course, the Irish are great debunkers.
① those who ridicule authorities ② those who destroy buildings ③ those who keep secrets ④ those who discredit claims
8. Some people might accuse this of being a premature obituary notice of theory.
① birth ② graduation
③ marriage ④ death
9. There is something about the body which leads us to be oblivious of it and pain is the obtrusion of the body into consciousness.
① unaware ② sick
③ familiar ④ conscious
Ⅱ. Choose the incorrect word or phrase. (10-17)
10. We are as much delighted ①by benevolence ②than we are gratified by the scent ③of perfume ④or nauseated by a foul stench.
11. It would be like ①drinking whisky simply ②to get drunk, which ③is likely in the long run ④ diminishing your pleasure in the stuff.
12. And so, shocked ①as I was when those transvestites
②passed me in front of the restaurant, ③he confirmed something about which I already had an inkling: the hazy border ④between the sexes.
13. My ①going to such a place was part of my mother's not so secret plan ②to change my character, which she worried ③was becoming too much like ④her.
14. Yet these truths are ①no solace against the kind of alienation that comes of ②being ever the suspect, a fearsome entity ③with whom pedestrians avoid ④ make eye contact.
15. ①Despite the rain and sleet ②caused by the hurricane, construction ③on the new library remains ④disturbing.
16. I knew the restaurant ①would be busy on ②a Friday evening, ③since I made reservations earlier in ④the week.
17. The strike ①for increased wages ②consisted of hundreds of immigrants, most of ③them ④were earning less than minimum wages.
III. Choose the one that is most suitable for the blank.
(18-26)
18. It is true that Smith the political economist famously maintains that it is self-love, not benevolence, which impels the butcher, brewer and to provide our dinner.
① baker ② poker
③ boiler ④ plumber
19. Too much territory was as nonsensical a notion as a square circle or .
① falling dominoes ② water running uphill
③ a land breeze ④ strong blizzard
영 어 (A형) 서 울
-2-
The modern science of meteorology traces its roots to the invention of the telegraph, as this technology made the rapid exchange of local observations between distant stations possible for the first time. Prior to this, knowledge about the conditions in other regions was limited to long-term weather patterns. The subsequent development of synoptic charts, which use a complex symbology for weather-related phenomena and make use of tools like isobars and isotherms, allowed an array of data to be consolidated to create a coherent layout depicting the patterns of wind, pressure, temperature, and precipitation for a large geographic area at a specific time. Although this represented an important breakthrough in the field, it was not until the middle of the twentieth century (A) 0 forecasters began to develop a comprehensive understanding of global climate dynamics with some degree of precision. As new technologies and methods became available to meteorologists, their ability collect data, create exact models of current conditions, and predict the development of weather patterns expanded.
* isobar: 등압선
* isotherm: 등온선 20. French toys: one could not find a better illustration
of the fact that the adult Frenchman sees the child as another self. All the toys one commonly sees are essentially a of the adult world.
① homesickness ② microcosm
③ wonderland ④ reverse
21. She finally became even more violent in her opposition than her husband herself. She was not satisfied with simply doing as well as he had commanded; she seemed anxious to do .
① the same ② less
③ most ④ better
22. Visions of democratic politics, a stable government, and a stronger economy flashed through the minds of everyone in the nation. , political analysts assert that these sorts of positive changes continue to elude the Philippines to this day.
① Furthermore ② Nevertheless
③ Simultaneously ④ Therefore
23. The conductor's choice of tempo seemed entirely , so that each successive movement of the piece seemed to have no necessary connection to what had come before.
① arbitrary ② believable
③ musical ④ subtle
24. The ease with which the candidate answers difficult questions creates the impression that she has been a public servant for years, but in reality she entered politics only .
① enthusiastically ② recently
③ frequently ④ needfully
25. The investigational process, however, cannot be counted to detect all adverse effects because of the relatively small number of patients involved in premarketing studies and the relatively short duration of the studies.
① on ② by
③ for ④ out
26. The fire marshal with the station's slow response time, so he will change the policy.
① has felt long angry ② has felt angry long ③ has long felt angry ④ has long angry felt
IV. Read the following passages and answer the questions.
(27-29)
27. The underlined "this" refers to . ① the fact that the telegraph allowed facilities to be
established in far locations
② the fact that the telegraph resulted in the development of innovative equipment
③ the fact that the telegraph was influenced by the new technologies of modern meteorology
④ the fact that the telegraph enabled the prompt transference of information
28. Which of the following is most suitable for the blank (A)?
① what ② that
③ did ④ the
29. Which of the following can be inferred from the above passage?
① The improvements in data-collection capacity coincided with the development of the computer.
② Synoptic charts include a substantial amount of conjecture about actual data.
③ Synoptic charts combine a wide range of information in an orderly arrangement.
④ The capacity to gather data from the atmospheric environment was rarely improved.
영 어 (A형) 서 울
-3- [A] Taylor's theory also addressed the issue of wages, presenting the concept of remuneration based on individual performance rather than position held.
Performance-based incentives such as individual raises and bonuses instilled a competitive atmosphere, wherein notable income disparities became possible among colleagues of equal responsibility and authority.
Management was encouraged to implement an unequal salary system, a practice that would go a long way towards destroying labor solidarity, granting owners even greater control over their companies.
[B] While this form of micromanagement had some success, it severely curtailed worker involvement in decision-making, resulting in a rigid hierarchy with a strict division between the planning and operational components of companies. Critics argue that such extreme forms of scientific management ignore the role of human relations by viewing workers merely as vehicles of production - in effect, living machines.
Though productive efficiency was enhanced by the application of scientific methods to business, some workers developed feelings of disenfranchisement and became increasingly dissatisfied with the work environment. Such labor unrest was partly responsible for the labor movements that established the first labor unions in the early twentieth century.
More than anything, it's Chua's maternal confidence - her striking lack of ambivalence about her choices as a parent - that has inspired both ire and awe among the many who have read her words.
Since her book's publication, she says, email messages have poured in from around the globe, some of them angry and even threatening but many of them wistful or grateful. "A lot of people have written to say that they wished their parents had pushed them when they were younger, that they think they could have done more with their lives,"
Chua recounts. "Other people have said that after reading my book they finally understand their parents and why they did what they did. One man wrote that he sent his mother flowers and a note of thanks, and she called him up, weeping."
For though Chua hails the virtues of "the Chinese way," the story she tells is quintessentially American.
It's the tale of an immigrant striver, determined to make a better life for himself and his family in a nation where such dreams are still possible. "I remember my father working every night until 3 in the morning; I remember his wearing the same pair of shoes for eight years," Chua says. "Knowing the sacrifices he and my mother made for us made me want to uphold the family name, to make my parents proud."
Hard work, persistence, no patience for excuses:
whether Chinese or American, that sounds like a prescription for success with which its very difficult to argue.
(30-32)
30. Which of the following best describes the relationship between [A] and [B]?
① description and reflection ② hypothesis and explanation ③ argument and example ④ cause and effect
31. According to the above passage, all of the following are aspects of Taylor's remuneration policy EXCEPT .
① wages determined by achievement ② bonuses for higher productivity
③ payments distributed at regular intervals ④ variances in compensation rates
32. Why does the author mention the labor union?
① To indicate the inevitable result of micromanagement ② To provide an example of side-effects of micromanagement ③ To demonstrate the importance of productive efficiency ④ To suggest a cause for the decrease in worker involvement
(33-34)
33. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the above?
① Chua talks about the readers' responses to her book.
② Chua's book addresses various issues about the parent-child relationship.
③ Chua compares aspects of "Chinese parenting" with those of Western parenting in her book.
④ Chua's book has received a unanimous acclamation.
34. The author concludes that Chua's tiger-mother approach to raising her children isn't an ethnicity but a philosophy because .
① to push ourselves forward is the way America often have in the past
② Chinese mothers don't have to be Chinese
③ to expect the best from one's children is a common impetus found in any accomplished ethnic groups ④ Chua now understands the difference between working
hard on something and dashing something off
영 어 (A형) 서 울
-4- The beginning of what was to become the United States was characterized by inconsistencies in the values and behavior of its population, inconsistencies that were reflected by its spokesmen, who took conflicting stances in many areas; but on the subject of race, the conflicts were particularly vivid. The idea that the Caucasian race and European civilization were superior was well entrenched in the culture of the colonists at the very time that the "egalitarian"
republic was founded. Voluminous historical evidence indicates that, in the mind of the average colonist, the African was a savage and he was black, and he was different in crucial philosophical ways. As time progressed, he was also increasingly captive, adding to the conception of deviance. The African, therefore, could be justifiably treated as property according to the reasoning of slave traders and slave holders.
Although slaves were treated as objects, bountiful evidence suggests that they did not view themselves similarly. There are many published autobiographies of slaves; African-American scholars are beginning to know enough about West African culture to appreciate the existential climate in which the early captives were raised and which therefore could not be totally destroyed by the enslavement experience.
This was a climate that defined individuality in collective terms. Individuals were inherently a part of the natural elements on which they depended, and they were actively related to those tribal members who once lived and to those not yet born.
Humans are the only animals that laugh and weep, for humans are the only animals that are struck with the difference between what things are and what they ought to be. We weep at what exceeds our expectations in serious matters: we laugh at what disappoints our expectations in trifles. We shed tears from sympathy with real and necessary distress; as we burst into laughter from want of sympathy with that which is unreasonable and unnecessary. Tears are the natural and involuntary response of the mind overcome by some sudden and violent emotions.
Laughter is the same sort of convulsive and involuntary movement, occasioned by mere surprise or contrast.
The serious is the stress which the mind lays upon the expectation of a given order of events and the weight attached to them. When this stress is increased beyond its usual intensity and strains the feelings by the violent opposition of good and bad, it becomes the tragic. The ludicrous is the unexpected relaxing of this stress below its usual intensity, by an abrupt transposition of ideas that takes the mind by surprise and startles it into a lively sense of pleasure.
(35-37)
35. The tone of the passage could best be described as .
① informed and anecdotal ② critical and argumentative ③ analytical and objective ④ impassioned and angry
36. Which of the following can be inferred about the viewpoint expressed in the second paragraph of the passage?
① It is a reinterpretation of slave life based on new research done by African-American scholars.
② It is biased and overly sympathetic to the views of white, colonial slave holders.
③ It is highly speculative and supported by little actual historical evidence.
④ It is based entirely on recently published descriptions of slave life written by slaves themselves.
37. The author puts the word egalitarian in line 9 in quotation marks to .
① emphasize his admiration for the early Americans ② remind the reader of the principles of the new nation ③ underscore the fact that equality did not extend to everyone ④ ridicule the idea of democracy
(38-40)
38. According to the passage tears and laughter have all the following in common EXCEPT .
① they are both involuntary reactions ② they both depend on prior expectations ③ they are both the result of violent emotions ④ they are both reactions to experiences of the world
39. It can be inferred from the passage that the ludicrous is most nearly opposite to the .
① serious ② surprise
③ unexpected ④ tragic
40. The author develops the passage primarily by . ① defining terms
② citing authorities ③ disproving a theory
④ deducing logical conclusions
