MEDIEVAL Philosophy
Medieval Philosophy
• The meaning of “middle”
• Medieval Philosophy
= patristic philosophy
+ scholastic philosophy
Clemens 150?-215
Middle Age(History) Medieval Philosophy (philosophy)
Patristic Ph.
Scholastic Ph.
MEDIEVAL Philosophy
Tertullianus 160-220
Origenus 185?-254?
Justinus 100-164
Jesus died
Augustinus 354-430
Anselmus 1033-1109
Aquinas 1225-1274
Descartes 1596-1650
W. Roman Empire collapse 475
Ch. Roman religion 392 Nicene Council 325
Ch. allowed 313
Renaissance 15th century
Reformation 1517
• Two tasks of early Christian thinkers
• Public Relations, Greek Philosophy
- Christian thinker had to defend themselves.
• Heretical theories
- Consistent doctrine was required.
• Mixture of philosophy and theology
Patristic Philosophy 교부철학
• The relationship between philosophy and theology itself was a topic of debate.
• Two major positions
- Tertullian – "What has Athens to do with Jerusalem?“
- Early apologists
- Clement of Alexandria, Origen. . .
• Christianity was allowed in Rome in 313.
• Augustine (354~430)
Patristic Philosophy 교부철학
• More philosophical and systematic approach to Christian faith
- not to defend Christian faith but articulate it
• Import of the lost works of Aristotle to the Western world – 11th~12th century
→ Tomas Aquinas(1225~1274)
Scholastic Philosophy 스콜라철학
• What is the function of reason?
• How much can we know about God through reason?
• What is the relationship between reason and faith?
Reason and Faith
Credo ut intelligam
I believe in order to know.
나는 알기 위해 믿습니다.
(Anselm)
• Augustine - Plato
- Faith is more emphasized than reason.
- “I believe in order to know, rather than try to know in order to believe.”
• Aquinas
- Aristotle’s text imported from the Arab world.
- Reason and faith have their own function respectively.
- But ultimately, faith is the final answer in Aquinas.
• The difference of the two in terms of faith and reason is only a matter of degree.
Augustine vs. Aquinas
Romans 1:20 로마서
• For since the creation of the world God's invisible
qualities--his eternal power and divine nature--have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been
made, so that men are without excuse.
• 창세로부터 그의 보이지 아니하는 것들 곧 그의 영원하신 능력과 신성이 그가 만드신 만물에 분명히 보여 알려졌나 니 그러므로 그들이 핑계하지 못할지니라
Clemens; 150 ~ 215 Justinus; 165 ~ ?
Origenes; 184 ~ 253 Augustine; 354 ~ 430 Boetius; 470 ~ 524 Avicenna; 980 ~ 1037 Anselmus; 1033 ~ 1109 Averroes; 1126 ~ 1198
Bonaventura; 1221 ~ 1274
Thomas Aquinas; 1225 ~ 1274 Duns Scotus; 1265 ~ 1308
William of Ockham; 1285 ~ 1349 Martin Luther; 1483 ~ 1546
Reformation; 1517
Jean Calvin; 1509 ~ 1564
Rene Descartes ; 1596 ~ 1650
Medieval Philosophers
Before and After REFORMATION
Faith >
Reason
Reformation
1517.10.31
Tertullian, Augustine, Anselm
Clement, Origen, Aquinas
Patristic Ph.
Scholastic Ph. Modern Ph.
Faith + Reason
Sola Fide,
Sola Scriptura, Sola Gratia!
By faith alone,
by Scripture alone, by grace alone
오직 믿음으로,
오직 성경으로, 오직 은혜로
6. The Pope cannot remit any guilt, except by declaring that it has been remitted by God and by assenting to God’s remission..
6. 교황은 죄를 사할 수 없으며, 단지 죄가 하나님에 의해 사해졌다는 것 을 선언하거나 확증할 수 있을 따름이다.
32. They will be condemned eternally, together with their teachers, who believe themselves sure of their salvation because they have letters of pardon.
32. 면죄부에 의하여 자신의 구원이 확실하다고 스스로 믿는 모든 사람 은 그렇게 가르치는 사람들과 함께 영원히 저주를 받을 것이다.
95 thesis
36. Every truly repentant Christian has a right to full
remission of penalty and guilt, even without letters of pardon.
36. 진정으로 회개하는 그리스도인은 그 누구든지 형벌과 죄로부터 완전 한 사함을 누리게 되는데, 이는 면죄부 없이 그에게 주어진다.
47. Christians are to be taught that the buying of pardons is a matter of free will, and not of commandment.
47. 사람이 면죄부를 사는 것은 자발적으로 해야 하지 그렇게 하라고 강 요된 것이 아니라는 것을 그리스도인에게 가르쳐야 한다.
95 thesis
• Plato – Tertullian – Augustine – Anselm – Protestant
• Aristotle – Clement, Origen – Aquinas – Catholic (after Reformation)
Very Rough Connection
Nature
Human
Thales,
Anaximandros… Socrates Plato, Aristotle.. Augustine, Aquinas
