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ணୠୋୀ߆ंࠑ఼ծ୪ੲ
ࢮఛ Â ෛ۩׆
A Proposal for the Korean Classification System of CO
2Geological Storage Resources
Yong-Chan Park and Dae-Gee Huh
Abstract :According to a recent report by IEA, CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) could account for up to 20% of cumulative CO2 reductions by 2050. CCS is considered as almost the only technology today that would allow a power sector and energy-intensive industrial sectors such as iron and steel, cement and chemicals and petrochemicals to meet deep emissions reduction goals. Therefore, interest in CCS has been increasing. A prerequisite for the entire CCS project is to find sufficient high-quality storage capacity with sufficient injectivity and containment. The amount of storage capacity available is crucial for planning priorities for CCS but relevant studies in Korea are not sufficient and the term of storage capacity has been used in different and confusing ways. The paper makes observations about methods for estimating storage capacity including US-DOE(Department of Energy) and CSLF(Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum) works and studies in Korea and draws on internationally accepted definitions of petroleum resources and discusses how equivalent definitions can be applied to the storage resources. Finally, the paper provides recommendations for a CO2 geological storage resources classification system in Korea to prepare upcoming CCS projects. The recommendations are just preliminary and an agreed result among related parties on the classification is needed.
Key words : CCS, CO2, Geological storage resources classification, Storage capacity
څ أ ߯ŖьशʽĶ܃قȃݓşĵIEA ҃ČԴق˰βϸ2050țūݓCCS(ۋԓজՙपݚф۹ۤ) şցۋ
ۻߕ٣֬À֟Ç߹ۆ߯ʂ20%εÇɾॣսەɰČॢɰ. CCSəьۻۋǣߏÌ, ֨ϯ࣡, ԵڮজॡęÏڹ
قȃݓݚأۺԐغқآقԴࢀफڷͿ٣֬À֟εÇ߹ॣսەəäۆڮێॢşցͿĶǴٽقԴCCSق
ʂॢě֮ۋࡾóݒʂʼČەɰ. ۋ͠ॢCCS Ԑغজεڦ३ԴəपݚʽCO2εݓܼقܳۓॣ˺ज़څॢ۹ۤԐ ۋ࣡ঝ҃ÀԸॱʼرآॠ϶Ը܁şܵڷͿə۹ۤڌ͟(capacity), ܳۓՁ(injectivity), нदՁ(containment) ˣں
Ơںսەɰ. Ŕܼ۹ۤڌ͟ۋ४֮څՙͿۋقʂॢϼঝॢşܵۋػرĶǴقԴսॱʽԐغԐۋقԴʪ
ঔ͈ۋەəԜۋɰ. ۋق˰͆ۋȦЛقԴəUS-DOEǣCSLF ˣقԴ܃؋ॢ۹ۤۙڙ͟थÀѓѪںԕट҃
ČԵڮۙڙ͟қΪߕćٮυÀݓۆCO2۹ۤۙڙқΪߕć؋ۆज़څՁںԺϼॠČۋۆߣ؋ں܃֨ॠٕɰ.
ۋȦЛقԴ܃֨ॢĶǴशܵ۹ۤۙڙ͟ڹ܁ҙşěфěʹҙߌӼ؉ɦ͆ĶǴԓ, ॡ, ٍقԴȦۆε
ࣀॠيॳCCS Ԑغজɳćقটڌॣսەə०ۆ؋ۋज़څॠɰ.
ܳڅر ۋԓজՙपݚф۹ۤ, ۋԓজՙ, ݓܼ۹ۤۙڙ͟қΪߕć, ۹ۤڌ͟
2012ț8ښ31ێۿս, 2013ț1ښ2ێ֮ԐٰΒ 2013ț2ښ14ێóۦঝ܁
1) ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ
*Corresponding Author(чڌ) E-mail; [email protected]
Address; Gwahang-no 124, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-350 Korea
ISSN 2287-4321(Online) Vol. 50, No. 1 O2013PGpp. 170-177
Դ
Ķ܃قȃݓşĵ(IEA)ə2012ț6ښėÒʽقȃݓş
ցۻϐ(Energy Technology Perspectives) ҃ČԴقԴই ۦۆ٣֬À֟ѕĵܓÀڮݓʾąڍ2050țݓĵथ Œ٣ʪÀ6GԜ֧ॣìۋ϶ۻݓĵۺۍşѺজε߯
ՙজॠşڦ३Դə2GۋǴͿφ؉آॢɰČьशॠٕ
ɰ(IEA, 2012). ۋεڦ३ԴəFig. 1ęÏۋ2050țş
ܵڷͿۋԓজՙѕں420زࢻ(42 Gt) Ç߹३آॠ
϶ۋÀڏʚ17%(ٍÂ71زࢻ)εۋԓজՙपݚф
۹ۤ(Carbon Capture & Storage; CCS) şցقۆ३Ç
߹३آॠ϶߯ʂ20% şيॣսەɰČۻϐॠٕɰ. ३ Ժ
Fig. 1. IEA’s the emission reduction scenario (2DS) in 2050 (IEA, 2012).
০CCSəÀūڏй͒قߏÌ, ֨ϯ࣡, ߎٍÀ֟ė܁ę
ÏڹԓغқآقԴই۹ॢѕÇ߹ںÀɠॠóॠəڮ ێॢşցͿۋεČͲॠݓ؍ںąڍ2GÇ߹֨ǣν١ εχܔॠşڦ३Դə࣊ۙҼڌۋ40% ۋԜɚرǣ2ܓ
ɵ͠À ߸ÀۺڷͿ ज़څॠɰČ Ìܓॠٕɰ.
ĶǴۆąڍقʪইۦٮÏڹقȃݓɰՙҼԓغĵܓ
ॠقԴəCCS şցں܃ٽॠČܼۤşÇ߹Ѐशεɵ ՁॠşϔڍرͲڏԜডڷͿ2010țьशʽĶÀCCS ܛ०߸ݕćন(PCGG, 2010)ںࣀ३2020țۋۻ˃Ò ۆ1іχࢻ(1 Mt)ś֬ݒ॒Ϳ܄ٰ࣡ΒεࣀॢԜڌজ εЀशͿ ॠČ ەɰ. ĶǴ CCSۆԐغজε ڦ३Դə
ʂőϿ۹ۤۋÀɠॢ۹ۤՙঝ҃, ěʹşցۆঝ҃, Ҽ ڌ߯ՙজεڦॢ۹ۤՙٮѕڙۆٍćѓ؋, ࣊ۙۦڙ
υʹ̚əԐغজεڦॢՙՃٮÏڹą܃ۺϭ࠶ɦ ݏঝ҃, υݓφڷͿԐغজεڦॢѪ/܃ʪ܁Ҽۚغۋ
ज़څॠɰ(Park et al., 2009a). ۋÀڏʚИؼ҃ɰʪʂ őϿѕڙقԴपݚʽۋԓজՙεٖĵۺڷͿߌқ ॠşڦॢ۹ۤՙঝ҃ÀԸॱʼرآॢɰ. CCS Ԑغজ εڦ३Դə֬ݒ॒Ϳ܄࣡şܵۍٍÂ1 Mt ̚ə500 MWś Եজͳьۻՙۆ ٍÂ ѕ͟ۍ 3 Mt ۋԜۆ
ܳۓՁ(injectivity)ę20ț॒Ϳ܄࣡şÂںČͲॠϸ60 MtۋԜۆ۹ۤڌ͟(capacity), ŔνČʂԜݓࠗǴقԴ
Ӈ܋ǣÀݓ؍əнदՁ(containment)ۋज़սڅՙۋɰ (Hosa et al., 2010).
ۋȦЛقԴə۹ۤՙԸ܁ęԜغۺ॒Ϳ܄࣡εݕॱ ॠşڦ३ज़څॢCO2ݓܼ۹ۤۙڙ͟қΪߕćυʹں
܃؋ॠČۙॢɰ. Եڮۙڙ͟ۆथÀѓѪۋێъজʾս
ەČÓěۺڷͿêݒыںսەəʚҼ३CO2۹ۤۙ
ڙ͟ڹ؉ݔथÀߕćÀ܃ʂͿυʹʼرەݓ؍ɰ. ০ĶǴۆąڍقəۙΒυɰۺڌʽѓѪۋԴͿɵ͆
ʴێॢşܵυʹۋ֨śॢԜডۋɰ. ۋق˰͆Ϥ۹ė
ŕǴCO2 ۹ۤۙڙ͟थÀεڦॢܳڅѓѪں؎؉҃
ČۋۆĶǴٽԐͻεԕट҃ؕɰ. ۋεࣀ३ʴێॢथ Àşܵق˰δCO2 ݓܼ۹ۤۙڙ͟қΪߕćÀज़څ॥
ں܃֨ॠČԵڮۙڙ͟қΪߕćԐͻêࢹεࣀ३ॳ
ěʹۻЛÀ˞ۋȦۆε֨ۚॠəʚԐڌʾսەə
ٚҼՁüۆĶǴCO2 ۹ۤۙڙ͟қΪߕćε܃؋ॠٕ
ɰ. पݚʽCO2ε۹ۤॠəѓѪڷͿ३ت۹ۤۋǣġ Нԓজşցۋप॥ʾսەڷǣঞąۺڍͲٮőϿ
ˣںČͲॣ˺֮ҙݓܼۆėŕǴ۹ۤѓѪۋʂҙқ ںݓॣìڷͿٚԜʼ϶҆ȦЛقԴسśॠə۹ۤ
ۙڙ͟ڹ ݓܼ۹ۤقۆॢ ìۋɰ.
$0
ݓܼ۹ۤۙڙ͟थÀѓѪ
CO2 ݓܼ۹ۤɠͳںथÀॠəѓѪ, CO2ݓܼ۹ۤ
ۙڙ͟ थÀѓѪڹ Եڮۙڙ͟ थÀѓѪę ڮԐॠó
Table 1ęÏڹ5Àݓ܁ʪͿĵқॣսەɰ(US-DOE, 2008; Sung et al., 2009). ֬܃ܳۓۋۻɳćقԐڌॣ
սەə܁ۺѓѪڷͿəڌۺѪęؓ߹έѪۋ, ܳۓۋ
ۆʴۺۙΒεটڌॠəѓѪقəÇթčԸѪ, Нݗथ
Ѫ, ۹Ϊࠗ֨бͪۋՎѪˣۋەɰ. ই֨۾قԴəܳ
ۓۻɳćۆݓݗ, ݓĵНνфėॡۙΒεцڷͿۓ ͳѺս˞(ϸۺ, ˃ƍ, ėŕέ, սपজڱ, ڌۺćսˣ)ۆ
ÀɠॢѩڦقԴԸ࢘ॠيćԓॠəѓ֩ۍڌۺѪۋÀ
ۤȇνԐڌʼČەɰ. CO2ܳۓʂԜ۹ΪࠗۆąćÀ
ٰۻ০ɴঅەɰəÀ܁ॠق۹ۤॣսەə CO2ۆ
تں߸܁ॠəؓ߹έѪۆąڍėŕęėŕǴڮߕÀ
ؓͳԜ֧قۆ३ؓ߹ʼəχࢂχCO2ε۹ۤʾսە ɰə ÒȝڷͿɰڼę Ïڹ ֩ڷͿ शইʾս ەɰ.
¨
Ïá ¯ƕá¯ƕ ƍƁƒÞƎà Ǝƍß (1) يşԴ, ¯ƕ= ҙक़Ѻজ͟
¯ƕ ƍ= ߣş Нۆҙक़ Ǝ=۹Ϊࠗ ؓͳ Ǝƍ=۹Ϊࠗ ߣş ؓͳ
Ɓƒá ƁƎâ Ɓƕ (ݓࠗ ф ڮߕۆ ؓ߹έ)
ʴۺѓѪۆąڍۻՃćۺڷͿCCS ॒Ϳ܄࣡ۆք
ۙÀψݓ؍؉؉ݔԐͻÀҙܔॢԜডۋǣԵڮқآ
ϔۤ͟थÀقԴêݒʽѓѪ˞ۋ϶۹Ϊࠗ֨бͪۋՎ ڹԐغߣşɳćҙࢢটڌʾսەɰəۤ۾˺ЛقĶ ǴٽقԴ ȇν টڌʼČ ەɰ.
Table 1. Methods for CO2 resources estimation into saline formation (modified from US-DOE, 2008; Sung et al., 2009)
Methodology Application stage Advantages Disadvantages
Static method
Volumetric method
Exploration &
Development stage Simple & less data required High uncertainty Compressibility
approach
Dynamic method
Decline Curve
Analysis Injection stage
No need for reservoir properties & Simple and
accurate calculation
Only applicable with the same injection condition during
injection phase
Material Balance
Method Injection stage
Unsensitive to reservoir properties & applicable to
analyze the effect of boundary conditions
More data required and only applicable during injection
phase
Reservoir Simulation Early to mature
The most advanced method for estimating storage.
Designed to include a more realistic geologic description, fluid properties,
and injection/production wells.
Time consuming & no guarantee for improved accuracy unless the representative data are
available
Ķٽݓܼ۹ۤۙڙ͟थÀԐͻ
CO2 ݓܼ۹ۤۙڙ͟ थÀԐͻͿə ʂशۺڷͿ ێ҆
(Takahashi et al., 2009), йĶęࠪǣɰԐͻ(US-DOE, 2010)εƠںսەɰ. ˃ąڍϿ˃ڌۺѪںԐڌॠٕ
əʚϤ۹ĶÀɳڦ۹ۤۙڙ͟थÀͿəÀؘۤԸԐ ͻۍ ێ҆ۆ ąڍ ֩ (2)ε Ԑڌॠٕɰ.
¦ ¨
Ïƃá¬ƄZZƆ Zŋ Z¬ƅîƅ ¨
ÏZŇ (2) يşԴ, ¦ ¨
Ïƃ = ۹ۤʼə CO2 ݗ͟(ton)
¬Ƅ = ۹ۤমڱ (50% or 25%)
= ϸۺ(area), ŋ = ėŕέ(porosity), Ɔ = ˃ƍ(thickness),
¬ƅ = ߣےć CO2 पজʪ (50%)
ƅ ¨
Ï = CO2 ڌۺćս (أ 0.003 ƋÐîƋÐ) Ň = CO2 нʪ (शܵԜ)
ۋ˺۹ۤমڱ(storage efficiency)ڹ50% ̚ə25%Ϳ
50%Ϳ ɳԐ(monocline) ĵܓۍ ąڍقə 25%Ϳ À܁
ॠٕɰ. ۋε ࢹʂͿ ێ҆ ٖࢹǴ CO2 ۹ۤۙڙ͟ں
146.1 GtڷͿ߸܁ॠٕɰ. ێ҆ۋ۹ۤۙڙ͟ںݗ͟ɳ ڦͿशşॢʚҼ३йĶęࠪǣɰə֩(3)ęÏۋڍԸ
ҙक़Ϳश֨ॠٕɰ(US-DOE, 2010). ɰχĀęۺڷͿə
ݓࠗǴ٣ʪфؓͳق˰δнʪͿĕॠóʼرێ҆ę
υÀݓͿ ݗ͟ ÒȝڷͿ ćԓʽɰ.
¦ ¨
ÏƃÞ®¬à¨ß áZƆ Zŋ ZZŇ (3) يşԴ, ¦ ¨
Ïƃ = ۹ۤॣ ս ەə CO2 ݗ͟ (ton)
= CO2 ۹ۤমڱۍۙ
Ň = CO2 нʪ(۹Ϊࠗ٣ʪ, ؓͳܓæ)
US-DOEٮ॥ƍȇνটڌʼəćԓ֩ڷͿCSLF(2008) قԴ ܃؋ॢ ֩ (4)À ەɰ.
¦ ¨ÏƃÞ¬¥ß áZZƆ Zŋ ZÞÎ à¬ƕ ƇƐ Ɛß ZŇ (4)
يşԴ, ¦ ¨
Ïƃ = ۹ۤॣ ս ەə CO2 ݗ͟ (ton)
= ۹ۤćս
¬ƕ ƇƐ Ɛ=߯ՙսपজʪ(irreducible water saturation)
Ŕ͠ǣ֩(2), (3), (4)قԴá¬ƄZ¬ƅá ÞÎ à¬ƕ ƇƐ Ɛß Z ÀՁςॠيϿ˃ʴێॢ֩ڷͿÂܳॣսەɰ. 2010 țҚйۻߕۆ۹ۤۙڙ͟थÀ֨قԐڌॢ۹ۤমڱۍ
ۙ()əTable 2ٮÏۋ߯ՙ0.4%قԴ߯ʂ5.5%ε
Ԑڌॠٕɰ. ۋقۆॠϸCO2 ۹ۤۙڙ͟ڹ߯ՙ1,653
Table 2. Saline formation efficiency factors for geologic and displacement terms (US-DOE, 2010)
Lithology P10 P50 P90
Clastics 0.51% 2.0% 5.4%
Dolomite 0.64% 2.2% 5.5%
Limestone 0.40% 1.5% 4.1%
Table 3. Storage resources of B3/B4 formations in Gorae-V structure (Park et al., 2009b)
Formation Pore Volume Storage capacity B3/B4
in Gorae-V 275 Mm3 39.3 MtCO2
GtقԴ 20,213 GtڷͿ ćԓʼؽɰ.
ێ҆ęUS-DOEۆćԓѓ֩ںҼİॠϸێ҆ۆąڍ
۹ۤমڱ(¬Ƅ)ں 50%ͿॠČCO2 पজʪε50%͆ČÀ
܁ॠϸUS-DOEۆ۹ۤমڱۍۙ()Ϳə25%͆əÉ ڷͿशইʼəʚTable 2ٮҼİॣ˺ϔڍČथÀʼČ
ەڼںঝۍॣսەɰ. ۋٮÏۋĶÀÂۆ۹ۤۙڙथ ÀѓѪۋԴͿ ɵ͆ʴێԸԜقԴ Ҽİॣ ս ػɰ.
ĶǴݓܼ۹ۤۙڙ͟थÀԐͻ
ێ҆ۆąڍۋй1990țʂߣҙࢢCO2 ۹ۤۙڙ͟
थÀۚغں֨ۚ॰ڷǣĶǴقԴə2000țʂъ˞ر ԴآěʹٍĵÀ֨ۚʼؽɰ. ÀۤϤ۹Park ˣ(2009b)ڹ
ʴ३-1 À֟ۻۆʂսࠗقʂॢ۹ۤڌ͟ںьशॠٕɰ (Table 3). ێ҆ۆथÀѓѪںČͲॠٕəʚÀ֟εԦԓ
ܼۍB3/B4 ࠗںʂԜڷͿėŕҙक़À275 Mm3ڷͿۻ ߕėŕۆ25%εCO2ͿڐսەɰČÀ܁ॣ˺أ4ߎ χࢻں۹ۤॣսەəìڷͿथÀॠٕɰ.
ĶǴ گԜ қݓق ʂॢ ۹ۤۙڙ थÀə Egawa ˣ (2009)ęHong ˣ(2009)ۆٍĵÀʂशۺۋɰ. ۹ۤۙ
ڙथÀə ʂԜқݓǴ CO2 ݓܼ۹ۤقۺ०ॢ ֮ʪق
ەںìڷͿşʂʼəۻߕԐؒࠗҙक़ٮ३ɾݓࠗۆ
Ȥ˃ۙΒε қԵॠə ѓ֩ڷͿ ֬֨ʼؽɰ. ćԓ֩ڹ
US-DOEقԴ Ԑڌॢ ìę ʴێॠ϶ ۹ۤমڱۍۙͿ
2.5%εԐڌॠٕɰ. ۋεࣀ३1 Gt ۋԜۆCO2À۹ۤ
ʾսەəìڷͿ1Āęεʪॠٕڷǣ۹ۤݓࠗ
ԜҙقʙÒؒܕۦيҙҝঝ֬Ձ, ۙΒۆĵߕՁęȤ
˃قԴࣷ؊ʼəǰڹėŕέͿࣺɳॣ˺ܳۓՁ̚ॢ
ϔڍҝ͟ॣìڷͿٚࠑʼəˣۆ֬܃۹ۤڌ͟ڷͿ
ٍĀʼşə ϔڍ رͲڐ ìڷͿ ࣺɳʽɰ.
2010țۋقə܁ҙقԴ‘ĶÀCCS ܛ०߸ݕćন’
ںυʹॠČʂőϿ֬ݒ॒Ϳ܄࣡εڦॢ۹ۤՙԸ܁
ںڦॢٍĵÀ҆üۺڷͿ֨ۚʼؽɰ. ۋٮěʹॠي
ॢĶԵڮėԐقԴ҃ڮॠČەəԐۙΒٮ֨߸ėН νԐۙΒˣںࢹʂͿCO2 ۹ۤڮϐĵܓε܃֨ॢ
Shinn ˣ(2012)ۆ ٍĵٮ5.1 Gtۆ۹ۤۋ ÀɠॠɰČ
ьशॢॢĶԵڮėԐۆьश(MLTM, 2012; Kwon, 2012) ÀܳЀॣχॠɰ. ڍԸShinn ˣ(2012)ۆٍĵəԐ
ۙΒٮ֨߸ėۙΒεࣀ३۹ΪࠗęԜҙʙÒؒۋঝۍ ʼؽɰə۾قԴۙΒۆ֪ՁۋȭڷǣԐۙΒٮ֨
߸ėۙΒχڷͿ۹Ϊࠗۆąćεঝۍॣսػɰə҃
սۺࣺɳڷͿ߯ՙॢۆѩڦε۹ۤÀɠĵܓͿćԓق
টڌॠٕڷ϶ڍν֬܁قϑə۹ۤমڱںॠǣۆÉڷ Ϳ܃֨ॠş৪˞ɰə۾ں˞رۻߕėŕҙक़χ܃֨
ॠٕɰ.
ۋقҼ३5.1 GtۆCO2Ϳ۹ۤॣսەɰČॢPark ˣ(2009b)ۆćԓڹڐιқݓεՁࣷԐۙΒεࢹ ʂͿߪ13ÒۆࠗڷͿĵқॠČ800~3,000 mق३ɾ ॠə֮ʪقʂॢ۹ۤۙڙ͟ںथÀॠٕɰ. ɰχ߸܁
قԐڌʽۙΒۆܛΪٮÀ܁ˣۋ܃֨ʼݓ؍؉йĶ ۆ۹ۤۙڙथÀѓѪ(US-DOE, 2010)ęʴێॠóҼİ ॠşə رͷɰČ ࣺɳʽɰ.
ݓŚūݓԺϼॢцٮÏۋĶǴقԴ۹ۤۙڙ͟थÀ ٮ ěʹॢ Āę ьशə ࡾó 5æڷͿ 2æڹ گԜқݓ, ǣϢݓ3æڹڐιқݓεʂԜڷͿॠČەɰ. گԜқݓ
2æۆąڍʴێॢşܵęʴێॢսܵۆۙΒεটڌॠ
ٕş˺ЛقÏڹқΪͿॠϸگԜ1Òٮڐιқݓ3Ò ۆथÀǴڌۋԴͿɰβɰČॣսەɰ. , ۋ˞4Ò
ѓ֩ڹԴͿɰδսܵۆۙΒٮÀ܁ںԐڌ॰ş˺Л ق ɳտ০ քۙχں ܃֨ॣ ąڍ ঔ͈ۋ ҝÀक़ ॠ϶
CCSşցقۆॢ٣֬À֟ʂőϿÇ߹ЀशɵՁق
ݗں ҝ͠ ٤ սʪەɰ.
ॢĶۆ$0
ݓܼ۹ۤۙڙ͟қΪߕć܃؋
ؘقԴݓۺॢЛ܃ε३Āॠşڦ३ԴəԵڮۙڙ͟
қΪߕć शܵজٮ Ïڹ Ȥͳۋ ज़څॠɰ. ݓ֩ą܃ҙ
ݓڙڷͿॢĶݓĵ֨֟ࢰėॡধܳěॠقսςʽĶǴ
Եڮۙڙ͟ қΪߕć(Sung et al., 2009)əԵڮۙڙق
Table 4. CO2 storage resources of the sandstone in the on-shore basins, Korea (Egawa et al., 2009; Hong et al., 2009)
Basin (Formation) Sandstone volume (km3)
Porosity (%)
Storage capacity of sandstone (MtCO2)
Chungnam 72 3.8 31
Taebaeksan 71 2.0 16
Mungyeong 60 2.0 13
Honam 8 1.9 2
Kyongsang
Nakdong 787 3.9 347
Hasandong 644 4.9 356
Jinju 530 5.4 309
Total 1960 1011
Table 5. Key characteristics of potential storage formations and structures (Shinn et al., 2012)
Potential site
Depth interval (m)
N/G (%)
Vsh
(%)
Mean porosity
(%)
Geologic structures
Lower contact (m)
Total pore volume (106 m3)
I 2,614-2,847 100.0 9.3 25.0 Combination trap of
dipping strata and fault seal 2,600 1,174
II
1,885-2,030
(V3 Sand) 73.3 34.0 19.3 Stratigraphic trap closed by
mud-filled channel 1,900 146
2,360-2,500
(B7 Sand) 31.0 41.6 13.1
Stratigraphic trap closed by
mud-filled channel (Deep) 3,000 387 Stratigraphic trap closed by
mud-filled channel (Shallow)
2,400 230
III 2,640-3,000 82.4 29.4 16.7 Anticline 3,000 1,865
IV
2,030-2,200
(Well B) 93.9 27.9 18.8
Anticline 2,200 244
2,216-2,560
(Well A) 52.9 42.7 17.1
V 1,710-2,455 70.6 34.3 19.9 Anticline associated with
faults 1,800 320
VI 1,640-2,090 62.0 45.7 23.0 Stratigraphic trap closed by
mud-filled channel N/A N/A
Table 6. Storage resources assessed in Ulleung basin (MLTM, 2012; Kwon, 2012) Seismic unit Volume (km3) Storage capacity
in IEA’s method
Storage capacity in US DOE’s method
Shelf 5322.73 5.1 Gt
(P10= 2.0 Gt
~ P90=12.8 Gt)
1.9 Gt
Slope 1601.23
Deep 1320.41
ʂॢशܵں܃֨ॠٕɰ. Եڮۙڙ͟қΪߕćəԵڮۙ
ڙۆমڱۺěνεڦॢìڷͿՃÀݓЀۺںÍČ
ەɰ. ߒݫŚڵ, ݒńşěقʂॢԵڮধԐۆۦ܁Ԝ
҃Čڌ, ˆݫəĶÀԵڮۙڙěνεڦॢϔۤ͟қΪ ڌ, ՉݫəԵڮধԐۆۙߕԵڮۙڙěνεڦॢìۋ
ɰ(Huh, 2009). ԵڮۙڙۋҙܔॢڍνۓۤقԴʪϔ
ۤ͟ڌرٮ܁ۆقʂॢۋ३ҙܔ, ۆʪۺڌر١ڌ,
ۙۆۺѥًق˰δঔ͈ߣ͒, ԐغՁқԵ֨١Ϊߣ͒
ˣںѓݓॣսەɰəۋڮقԴܼڅॠɰ(Sung et al., 2009). Fig. 2əSPE(2007)ۆԵڮۙڙ͟қΪߕćٮݓ
Fig. 2. Comparison of SPE-PRMS and Korea Petroleum Resources Classification system (SPE, 2007; MKE, 2009).
Fig. 3. Techno-Economic Resource-Reserve Pyramid by CSLF(2008) and the CO2 storage resources classification proposed by EERC(Gorecki et al., 2009).
Fig. 4. Comparison of CO2 storage resource classifications proposed by CO2CRC (Allinson et al., 2010) and this paper.
֩ą܃ҙقԴ ьशॢ ĶǴ Եڮۙڙ͟ қΪߕćͿ ş ܕقəԐغɳćقԜěػۋԐڌʼʏ‘ϔۤ͟’ۋ͆ə
ڌرεԜغՁۋঝ҃ʼşۋۻقəԐڌॣսػʪ
܃ॢॠə ˣ١ڌфۙۆۺ थÀεѓݓॠəমęÀ
ەؽɰ.
CO2 ݓܼ۹ۤۙڙ̚͟ॢқΪߕćÀज़څॠɰ. ؘ قԴԺϼॢĶǴٽԐͻقԴ҇սەəцٮÏۋŔ
şܵۋυʹʼرەݓ؍ş˺Лق؉ݔঔ͈֟͠ڏԜ ডڷͿĶǴقԴə߯ՙॢĶÀٚԓۋ࣊ۓʼəԐغۆ
ąڍقəʴێॢۢʂقۆॢथÀÀज़څॢԜডۋɰ.
০ ĶÀ CCS ܛ०߸ݕćন(PCGG, 2010)ق ˰βϸ
2020țūݓCCS ěʹ͔॔࣡ԜڌজфĶ܃şցąۮ ͳঝ҃εЀशͿ1 Mtśपݚ-սբ-۹ۤࣀ०֬ݒںٰ
Βॣćনۋɰ. ۋεڦ३2015țūݓĶǴCO2۹ۤՙ
Ը܁ںٰΒॠşͿॠٕɰ. ɰχ३تқݓقʂॢ۠ۦ ڌ͟थÀəĶࢹ३تҙÀɺɾॠČ֬ݒڹݓ֩ą܃ҙ ÀϒəɰəًॣқɺǴڌںьशॠٕəʚҙߌÂۆʴ ێॢ şܵۋ ज़څॠɰə ۾قԴ CO2 ݓܼ۹ۤ ۙڙ͟
қΪߕćÀ ϔڍ ܼڅॠɰ.
Ķ܃ۺڷͿʪCO2 ݓܼ۹ۤۙڙ͟қΪߕćυʹق
ě֮ں҃ۋČەɰ. Ϥ۹EERC ҃ČԴ(Gorecki et al., 2009)ə CSLFۆ Techno-Economic Resource-Reserve क़͆й˚(2008)ۆ Ǵڌں ČͲॢ қΪߕćε ܃֨ॠٕ
ɰ(Fig. 3).
CO2CRCəۋεԵڮۙڙ͟қΪߕćεڮԐॢ
ͿFig. 4(a)ٮÏڹ֬܃ԜغۺԐغɳćεČͲॢ
қΪߕćε܃֨ॠٕɰ. ٍ҆ĵقԴəEERC ҃ČԴٮ
CO2CRCۆ܃؋Ǵڌ, ĶǴԵڮۙڙ͟қΪߕćεČ ͲॠيFig. 4(b)ٮÏڹCO2۹ۤۙڙқΪߕćε܃؋
ॠٕɰ. CO2 ۹ۤۙڙ͟(CO2 Storage Resources)ڹԐ غɳćق ˰͆ ࡾó ۹ۤڌ͟(Storage Capacity), ьþ
۠ۦ۹ۤۙڙ͟(Contingent Resources), Ԑ۹ۤۙڙ
͟(Prospective Resources)ۆՃܛΪͿқΪॠٕɰ. ۋ
˺ ьþ۠ۦۙڙ͟ę Ԑ۹ۤۙڙ͟ڹ ֨߸ق ۆ३
CO2 ۹ۤۋÀɠॢėŕьþ(discovered) يҙͿĵқ ॠٕڷ϶֨߸εࣀ३ьþʽۙڙ͟ڹԜغՁيҙق
˰͆۹ۤڌ̚͟əьþ۠ۦۙڙ͟ڷͿқνॠٕɰ.
܁֨۾ۆşցфą܃ۺě۾, CO2 ėśڙঝ҃ˣۆ
ě۾قԴԜغՁۋۍ܁ʽąڍχ۹ۤڌ͟ڷͿथÀॣ
սەɰ. Ԑغজۋۻقəۙڙ͟ڷͿԜغՁঝ҃ۋ
ۆɳćقԴə۹ۤڌ͟ڷͿԐڌॠʼۋۆŖäεঝ֬
০ॠيইۦԐغں߸ݕॠČەəي͠Ò܁ҙҙߌф
şě ࣀێʽ ڌرε Ԑڌॣ ज़څÀەɰ.
Fig. 5قĶǴٽقԴ֨ʪʽ۹ۤۙڙ͟थÀεۋȦ ЛقԴ܃؋ॠČەəCO2 ۹ۤۙڙ͟қΪߕćقश֨
ॠي ҃ؕɰ. Ķ܃ۺڷͿ ԜغՁۋ ঝۍʽ ॒Ϳ܄࣡ə
؉ݔػş˺ЛقϿ˜थÀεԜغՁйঝ҃фйঝۍ
۹ۤۙڙق ३ɾॢɰČ ࣺɳॠٕɰ. Ϥ۹ йĶۆ ąڍ
Regional Partnership ѻͿथÀॢۙΒεࠄ०ॢìڷͿ
Fig. 5. Comparison of storage resource assessments in the proposed classification table(US-DOE, 2010; Takahashi et al., 2009; Park et al., 2009b; Egawa et al., 2009; Hong et al., 2009, Shinn et al., 2012; Kwon, 2012).
֨߸قۆ३ьþʽĵܓ˞Ϳۋ˞ڹP10, P50, P90 ڷ Ϳĵқॠəˣьþ۠ۦ۹ۤۙڙ͟ڷͿथÀॣսە ɰ. ێ҆ۆąڍԜغՁйঝ҃ۆьþ۠ۦ۹ۤۙڙ͟
ę֨߸ۋۻۆԐ۹ۤۙڙ͟ڷͿथÀॣսەڷǣ
۹ۤমڱںϔڍȭóथÀॠيҝঝ֬Ձۋࡾɰ. ێ҆ۆ
Ԑͻٮ υÀݓ थÀѓѪں Ԑڌॢ Park ˣ(2009b)ۆ
थÀ̚ॢυÀݓͿथÀॣսەڷǣ֨߸ۋۆь þ۠ۦ۹ۤۙڙ͟χڷͿĵՁʼؽɰ. ĶǴگԜ۹ۤۙ
ڙ͟थÀ(Egawa et al., 2009; Hong et al., 2009)ۆą ڍ֬܃֨߸قۆॢьþۋ͆ॣսػڷдͿԐ۹ۤ
ۙڙ͟ڷͿथÀॠٕɰ. Shinn ˣ(2012)ۆٍĵəėŕ
ҙक़χں܃֨ॠٕɰə۾قԴ۹ۤۙڙ͟थÀ͆ॣս
ػڷǣʂҙқ֨߸قۆ३ঝۍʽĵܓχںϔڍ҃ս ۺڷͿथÀॠٕɰə۾قԴьþ۠ۦ۹ۤۙڙ͟ڷͿ
श֨ॠٕɰ. υݓφڷͿԵڮėԐ(MLTM, 2012; Kwon, 2012)ۆąڍێҙə֨߸قۆ३ঝۍʼؽڷǣêࢹʂ Ԝݓًۻߕقۺڌॠş৪˞ɰə۾قԴьþ۠ۦ۹ۤ
ۙڙ͟ęԐ۹ۤۙڙ͟(Áটڌҝɠėŕҙक़प॥)
ۋঔۦʼرەɰČथÀॣսەɰ. ÁқԵ˞ۋটڌॢ
ۙΒقʂॢ܁ঝॢ܁҃Àҙܔॠş˺Лقێҙɵ͆
ݗսەəҙқۋەɰə۾ڹČͲʼرآॠǣŔͤق ʪҝĵॠČÁşʴˣॢսܵقԴҼİʾսػɰə۾
ڹқϼॠɰ.
ٍ҆ĵۆ܃؋ڹ؉ݔ۹ۙ˞ۆÒۍۺۆþقϢИ βəìڷͿؘڷͿ܁ҙşÂфěʹҙߌӼ؉ɦ͆
ĶǴԓغć, ॡć, ٍĵşěۆۆþںܛ०ॢ०ۆʽश
ܵ؋ۋܼڅॠɰ. ۋεڦ३Դəěʹ܁ҙҙߌۆě֮
ęԵڮфCCS ěʹşغ, ʂॡфٍĵՙۻЛÀ˞ۆ
يÀ ज़څॠɰ.
Ā
CCSəইۦٮÏڹقȃݓɰՙҼغܛقԴࢀफۆ
٣֬À֟ѕںÀɠॠóॠəäۆڮێॢşցͿĶ
܃ۺڷͿCCSقʂॢě֮ۋࡾóݒʂʼČەɰ. ڍν ǣ͆قԴʪ2020țۋۻ2Ò֬ݒ॒Ϳ܄ٰ࣡ΒεЀश Ϳ܁ҙٮлÂҙқقԴ҆üۺۍ࣊ۙεćনॠČە ɰ. ۋ ȦЛقԴə CCS Ԑغۆ Ձःε Àε ս ەə
CO2 ݓܼ۹ۤۙڙ͟थÀٮěʹʽĶǴٽԐͻεࣀ३
थÀߕćۆࣀێۋܼڅॠɰə۾ںঝۍॠČڍνǣ͆
֬܁قۺ०ॢCO2 ݓܼ۹ۤۙڙ͟қΪߕćսςں܃
؋ॠٕɰ. ۋȦЛقԴ܃؋ʽқΪߕćߣ؋ڹȦۆۆ
ь۾ڷͿěʹۻЛÀٮԓॡٍěۆࢹۆٮঊۆεࣀ
ॢ ०ۆ؋ ʪۋ ज़څॠɰ.
ԐԐ
ۋȦЛڹ2010țʪݓ֩ą܃ҙۆۦڙڷͿॢĶقȃ ݓşցथÀڙ(KETEP) Ķ܃ėʴٍĵԐغ(2010T100100963) ڷͿ սॱॢ ٍĵę܃ۓɦɰ.
ČЛॶ
Allinson, W.G., CInar, Y., Neal, P.R., Kaldi, J. and Paterson, L., 2010, “CO2 Storage Capacity - combining geology, Engineering and Economics,” SPE 133804 presented at the SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition held in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 18~20 October 2010.
CSLF Task Force on CO2 Storage Capacity Estimation (Stefan Bachu), 2008, Comparison between Methodologies Recom- mended for Estimation of CO2 Storage Capacity in Geological Media, CSLF.
Egawa, K, Hong, S.K., Lee, H.J., Choi, T.J., Lee, M.K.,
ࢮఛ
1993ț ॢتʂॡİ ۙڙėॡę ॡԐ
1995ț ॢتʂॡİ ۙڙėॡę ԵԐ 2000ț ॢتʂॡİ ۙڙėॡę чԐ
ইۦ ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ Ըےٍĵڙ (E-mail; [email protected])
ෛ۩׆
1977ț8ښԴڐʂॡİۙڙėॡęॡԐ 1981ț 12ښ Petroleum Engineering,
University of Southern California, ԵԐ
1986ț 5ښ Petroleum Engineering, University of Southern California, чԐ
ইۦ ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ Եڮ३۹ۙڙٍĵҙ ےٍĵڙ (E-mail; [email protected])
Kang, J.G., Yoo, K.C., Kim, J.C., Lee, Y.I., Kihm, J.H.
and Kim, J.M., 2009, “Preliminary Evaluation of Geological Storae Capacity of Carbon Dioxide in Sandstones of the Sindong Group, Gyeongsang Basin,” Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 463-472.
Gorecki, C., Sorensen, J., Bremer, J., Ayash, S., Jnudsen, D., Holubnyak, Y., Smith, S., Steadman, E., and Harju, J., 2009, “Development of Storage Coefficients for Carbon Dioxide Storage in Deep Saline Formations and Depleted Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,” EERC Power Point presentation available online at http://:www.ifp.com/content/
download/68004/1473899/file/32_Gorecki.pdf
Hong, S.K., Lee, H.J., Egawa, K., Choi, T.J., Lee, M.K., Yoo, K.C., Kihm, J.H., Lee, Y.I. and Kim, J.M., 2009,
“Preliminary Evaluation for Carbon Dioxide Storage Capacity of the Chungnam, Taebacksan, Mungyeong and Honam Basins,” Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 449-462.
Hosa, A., Esentia M., Stewart, J. and Haszeldine, S., 2010, Benchmarking worldwide CO2 saline aquifer injecitons, http://www.erp.ac.uk/sccs
Huh, D.G., 2009, “A Proposal for the Petroleum Resources Classification System for Korea,” Journal of Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 263-271.
IEA, 2012, Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 - Pathways to a Clean Energy System, OECD/IEA, Paris, France, p.
700.
Kwon, Y.K., 2012, “Does formations for CO2 Geological Storage exist in the Korean Peninsula or offshore area around Korea?,” Expert Forum on CO2 Geological Storage at SNU Hoam Faculty House, April 30, 2012.
Park, Y.C., Huh, D.G., Yoo, D.G., Hwang, S.H., Lee, H.Y., Roh, E., 2009a, “A Review of Business Model for CO2
Geological Storage Project in Korea,” Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 579-587.
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Mitigating the Climate Change, Jeju, Korea.
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46-57.
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Management_System_2007.pdf
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“Korean Petroleum Resources Classification System,”
Journal of Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 495-508.
Takahashi, T., Ohsumi, T., Nakayama, K., Koide, K. and Miida, H., 2009, “Estimation of CO2 Aquifer Storage Potential in Japan,” Energy Procedia, Vol. 1, pp. 2631-2638.
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technologies/carbon_seq/refshelf/atlasiii/
