The Analysis of Concepts Related to Basic Unit of Matter Properties and Matter Change in Science Textbooks

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(1)Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2004, Vol. 48, No. 1 Printed in the Republic of Korea.

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(3) ). ‡. †. ‡. The Analysis of Concepts Related to Basic Unit of Matter Properties and Matter Change in Science Textbooks Oh Hyeon Ryu†, Seoung Hey Paik *, and Dong Uk Kim‡ † Jecheon Middle School, Jecheon 251, Korea Department of Chemistry Education, Korea National University of Education, Chungbuk 363-791, Korea ‡ Department of Science Education, Taegu National University of Education, Taegu, 705-715, Korea (Received February 18, 2002). . !"# $%&' &%&( %) %& !" % #*+,( -./0 12+3 45 %& 67 /89. : #*+ % 67 5;< 45,( =>&/89. ?$- $%&' &%& @ !"# A

(4) 4B ;< 3;< 45,( =>&/89. # #' -C & #, ?$- DE& # FG !" H I#, @' %& @ J K 0K F @L MNG OP( F)Q RS T3U RV9. WX 67 YZ [ \$+ ]^5 R WX_ RV9. K Wà 4b # #@cd 7b # #@e< # # <f)V9. : g , , $%&, &%&, #*+ 45, # @, ## ABSTRACT. This study aimed to analyze the historical evolution of general ideas concerning the particles that represent matter properties and matter changes divided into physical change and chemical change. In the science historical viewpoint, the general ideas of the base that represent matter properties has been variously revised the 5types. The definition of the matter change have also changed the 3 types. From the analysis of the definitions in secondary school science textbooks and general chemistry textbooks, we found that a lot of confusion of eras in the contents that define the concepts. Sometimes, the definition presented in one textbook was contradictory to the definitions in other textbooks. This tendency has been sustained in the textbooks from the 4th to 7th science curriculum. Keywords: Particle, Matter Property, Physical Change, Chemical Change, Historical Science Viewpoint, Science Curriculum, Science Textbooks. 53.

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(14) !" #$ !" %& Table 1. Explanation views of molecules in middle school science textbooks Curriculum. Number of textbook. 4th. 1. Type IV. 3. Type IV. 2. Type III. 2. Type IV, V. 5. Type III. 1. Type III. 7. Type IV. 5th. 6th. 7th. View point. ; Ã=I¨ / ©° 7- cµ i )V9. : Fig. 2 @$/0 F/89. ,- .,/ 0 . c ª@ 4b, 5b, 6b #@ 2Å ]Ö # # l 7 qQ: *q/- R9. 67 K qQ óû y,( # óû ={ H/0 Table 1 @$/89. Table 1 #@ FG 45 a 3;<( 49. ?$- +D #@ J _ # üÀ 67 9 45 F/ ©,( H)V9. ® #@ %# # F) ={ % 4B xV9. ý # @ FG 459 º(´ #@ 5 #w 45 F/ WX_ RV9. Ü: L 4b #@ # ‘ <Í ;o Ça g 9’7- Z)Q RQ 45 IV( H )V,, 5b' 6b #@ Dc # 9 #w 453 ‘ ! ; I¨/0 } G º(´ g ; 9’7 ={ III 45 F)V9. ?K 6b #@ 2üÀ # #@ < Ù + 453 ={ V; 49. # @ Dc ‘9 ", !f -[, 6&ú7 Ca ( · Q<< a 9.’7 q LQ RQ, ]Ö ( ·QY ©a ¦, D@ ! L° Ã=I¨/ ( !" !/ - R9. ?K K @ [ ûT/i F/ < -, ‘ -= ? ( <Í ;o Ç a g ’7 ={ IV 45_ 89 F/2004, Vol. 48, No. 1. 57. RQ, ={ IV 45,( ! !f -[_ -= ;< 7, . / g ; D R9 M» ;:ri U ;½ 8/- R9. 6b #@ 4Ù ={ V 45a 7b #@ *7<-, r ? 45 3 ={ IV 45, ý ‘Q; <!Q I ? <Í ;o Ça =3 ; G9’ !",( ]Ö # Z )ô ¾ ©,( 49. +,( ={ IV 4b' 5b #@, ?$- ={ III 45a 6b #@ 49- , 6b #@# 7b #@ !" F ={ b; R9- R9. 5b #@ Û 9, # 45 FG © Ej 7b #@ / 45 ,( |D)V9 5_ 12+9. # 9 , Î / j 5b Û 0K üÀ # ; 9 5 -U >v %&7- Q?9. ® Q@ #_ ={ %& [ á5 äQ !"» # m# 89 {)- % &)Q ; ©7 Fâ Ã/< ß/- ä ;< 45 Ú +3 *AB YZ/ ¡5 ; <- RV9. 67 }L -C 9 +3 45

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(16) . 58. Table 2. Explanation views of molecules in high school science textbooks Curriculum. 4th. Kind of textbook. Number of textbook 1 2. Type III, IV. 3. No definition. 1. Type IV. Science II. 3. Type III, IV. 3. Type IV. Chemistry. 7. Type III, IV. 2. Type IV. 5. Type III. 7. Type III, IV. Chemistry I Chemistry II. 5th. 6th. View point Type IV. Chemistry I Chemistry II. #; !m)< -, o_ 6b #@ #: *q/- RV ¡9. -C_ zF ' ÝN;<( #@ %&' 45 %& * 4B xV9. ?$- 6b #@ Dc # + 453 ={ V 45_ < 9. ?$- ={ III# IV 45° 4,¦, 4b #@ & II # @ [; < - 7 qQ: *q/89. # FG 45 &I¨ l ³´ } L go l %&; ãÌ #w 45 V9 5_ ¡<°, ä ;< 45 F) ©_ ¡7- U R9. ? þ+3 Ü; ={ III# IV 45 +F F WX3, Dc # 9S# !" F/- R9. “D@ L I¨/ º(´ g 3 ; G9.... ¯O [ 1 9.” D 7 l f _ 8G 9. ?²9 @ ; ä ! O I¨jà 7 !"# OPG9. L I¨/< a OP : 7- cµ ©a ' !" / < ß/ © ¡9. K ¡5a 9 -C +,( - R9. &I¨ !" }L + ¨/< ,( F/ © >v/< 9- J U R,, -C ={ Q 45, ý ; o +3 @( ! ; Ã= I¨ [7 !" F/ © ;½/9- 9. . F q, ý 9 " !f , ! C R R) < j jU R =D 45 ¡9. # l Ã= I¨, êI¨, !fI¨# a !"# : w( q í8_ å /- # óû I ¨ !" ³)Q R9 5a ¡57- R9. -C #' ¯U DE& N 45,( F/- R< /0 Table 3 *q/- R DE& N !" ={ H/0 F/89. Table 3 H 5! N N ° ;o + 45 @: /89. 9 3! N !" !" *q /0 : óû/89. ý, ‘ ® 0K L ]0 J@ {P( ÷N/ g : 7- 9.’ 7- óû/89. óûa C # Q´ @ ={9. ' !"a <+ ' #* 17. 13,14,16. 5. Table 3. Explanation views of molecules in general chemistry textbooks using in college courses View point. Kind of textbook 13. General Chemistry Chemistry Principles and Reactions14 World of Chemistry15 Principles of Modern Chemistry16. Type III. General Chemistry17. Type V Journal of the Korean Chemical Society.

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(19) /8 , M»æ Wi ¼ ;½ R9. 67 K 45 b 3D * #@_ ·Q ãÌ; R 9- 9. *1& ' $% () *+. - X Y_Zéæ(Empedokles, BC ± 490~430) “*[# l” %&F\ +¸7- }â/89. K ? }âa ' e< ]&¸ }â,( m/89. Fe< ]&¸a -= ¦, ( 3j %&; DQ 9- }â/89. ?$- %&; DQ -= a %&9- ¾n/89. ?K F g 4 g * I¨¸ j; xV ¡ ]&¸ !"a qj O# a $%& !f# ð E# a & %&: /< ß/89. ý ? F qj O a qÈ' q ]&¸ ¡ DQ¦, { ) qâ &¨( ¾n)V9. K M»,( 3j D@¯ ¤ø no/ 8Ù ù·æú(Proust, 1754~1826)' : E_/- ; %+3 &¨¯(c@¨¯): no `µT((Berthollet, 1748-1822) \aa =û/9. `µT( ù·æú D@¯: E_/ *¬( q^# ¨! L 11. 2004, Vol. 48, No. 1. 59. V9. ?K ù·æú : E_/< ß/- < ‘ <’( D@ ¯( I¨/ &¨ ÷N9 * bu/89. F % &/0 º(´ &¨ {) ©a ]&¸ ¡ ¦, º(´ &ä º(´ ;<i G9- } â/89. K }âa ôõ(Dalton, 1766~1827) ó no/- : +,( L l F+3 g 45,( %&)V9. 1803Å ôõa 7c < ö ÷ ¤ø, ù·æú(Proust, 1754~1826) D@¯ ¤ø C ? F Éø m¿G &%&L óû/ /0 ó c /89. K %&: óû/ /0 ôõa / Ô¨ !" F/8, ? ^ D ( )Q R- &ä Ô¨ ( )Q R9- }â/89. Ô¨ : / üÀ 2;< O ¡ D@ u¯ !" 8/- RV9. ?K WX D L ]0 R OP¦ L * I¨ !" 8)Q R< 9. ?$K &¨ / Ô¨ u¯; %&/ &%&, u¯ %&; x, $%&( }â/89. ? Û ôõ d,( jI)< Ù [ E ¤ø jI/ /0 ;(; !" _ g/89. ?; }â ôõ Ô¨ ' $ _ +qG9. ? Ô¨ : ‘&g ’(, ? $- : / g ‘^g ’7- /-, K g La ]ä L @ ¯( I¨ © 7- no/89. ?$- K I¨ |j ‘ g ’; {G9- , © ( 9. ‘ g ’ !"a ù[æ =(Hauy, 1743-1822) I@_ *q)V9. ?; ef g $+,( UU g R ) g : l/ ©9. 67 ' &¨ WX ]ä g 9 ^ L I¨ OP ¡ hQ R-, ?² i ) ) g ; %& © ¡ &%&7- R9. ;(; [ WX° +q/8Ù K !"a 19 =& m/ ]Ö WX +q)V9. 1 =& Ã=I¨ 9. 11. 11.

(20) . 60. Fig. 3. Change of views on matter change.. n( 9· ¡ êI¨ !fI¨ WX g !" {)< ß / 5 -)< ß/89. ? Û 20 LQ ÷N; ñò<-, J ³s j; ·Q< &I¨ !"_ @$)V9. ® , z m( i_8 (atomic orbital)' i_8 d(molecular orbital theory) TjG Û, i_8 ' i_8 RÙ %& =I( $%&' &%&: / Fâ {)V9. 67 %& @ Fig. 3# #*+ ,( 3;< 45,( %/0 9. )*, - ?$æ F cd 18 `µT(e< < f)VÙ ]&¸ !",( óû)VÙ 459. F g + 45 {)< ß/8,( %& ^ wF+,( 4. ;½ %. &( )V9. .*, 19 ôõ ó# ;( ó j ^ L N ³k/w º(´ I¨ {)Q %&: &%& ( 9. 0*, 20 Éø# , z 45 3 i_8 d I¨) 45 %&: ©9. ý g : / , Sa i _8 ÷N/ ; /w º(´ ; LQr %&; R, &%&, K %&; x, $%&( 9. @ 6µ ; ê, ( %&/ ©a &%&9. ?K u¯ %& I¨ %&; ¡ .* ={,( $ %&( G9. ,- .,/ *1& 0 . 4b, 5b, 6b #@ 2Å # # F G %& @ ={ H/0 Table 4 F /89. HU F5 v 7b #@ # #; r< ,( H R/89. ?. Table 4. Explanation views of matter change in middle school science textbooks Curriculum 4th. 5th. Matter change. View point. Chemical change. Type I. Physical change. No definition. Chemical change. Type I. 5. Physical change Chemical change. 6th. Physical change. Number of Textbook 1. Type I. 2. No definition. 3. Type I. 7. Type I. 2. No definition. 5 Journal of the Korean Chemical Society.

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(22) !" #$ !" %&. K %& W` lm/ I$; x © 9. H I# 4, 5, 6b #@ # # c - ?$æ F cd 18 `µT( e< <fG ‘ %&’ 45,( %& !" F/89. ý ={ I( U R9. Dc # WX $%& @/< - &%&° @/89. ?K F ={ 7<< 9. 4bcd 6b #@e< # #La n %& x ={ I( &%&: @/-, $%& @/< w ={ I( @/89. ? $- K @: F/ ‘ 1’7 qj_, o5, p5# a $%& G q ( í9. 67 p 5, qj_ C ‘ ’( ³´ }Li = { I# ‘ ’ %/ &%&7- @ j n, qj_ A_ C %&/ &%&: ©7- }âU R ©9. ^ nQY ê _ uì° 7_ K a %&9 5 j 9 &%&: %&( @/ ©. 61. [ ]^ R9 5 3DU ãÌ; R9. ® ôõ ' ;( !" _g) ¡ P ={ II 4 5 FU R_ å /-, K 45,( %&: 9· #; ò xV9. 4bc d 6b #@e< ê !"# !" zF 9·- R,¦, : w( ð&q E ðr6 E C F/- R9. 67 K þ+3 &%&L |j %& @: + 453 ={ III( FU R,, d ?K F_ # x V9. ?$- $%&' &%&; a ={,( 4B <Q óû) WX_ RV<°, &%&° óû)$%& óû x WX; 5 9. Table 5 4bcd 6b #@e< !m G -C # #' &# 4B c q H/89. 7b #@ # v *q/< ¡ H R. Table 5. Explanation views of matter change in high school science textbooks Curriculum. Textbook. Matter Change Chemical change. Chemistry I 4th. Physical change Chemistry II. ScienceII 5th. Chemical change Physical change Chemical change Physical change. Chemistry. Chemical change Physical change. Chemistry I. Chemical change Physical change. 6th. Chemical change Chemistry II Physical change. 2004, Vol. 48, No. 1. View point Type I Type II No definition Type I No definition No definition No definition Type I Type II No definition No definition Type I Type II No definition Type I Type II No definition No definition Type I & II Type II. No definition Type I Type II No definition. Number of Textbook 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 3 3 7 1 5 3 1 4 3 8. 4 2 1 2 1 4.

(23) . 62. /89. ' $ -C Dc # ={ II 45 49. ?K l 9 : - & I¨ !" Fs_ å /-, %&: óû/ RQ ={ III 45 a < 9. 4bcd 6b #@e< # q ¯/8 , #@ % 6 %& < 9. ?$- ' ÝN; <( $%& j @/< a #; 9. 6b #@ 4üÀ # &%&: ‘ [; %&) ©. ³k 7 < DQ ©. E I¨ tQ<- º(´ I¨ {) ©’ C,( óû/- RQ ={ I# ={ II; 89 FG ©,( H/89. ? ? 2üÀ # $%&: óûU , ‘ %&; x-, OP° %/ ©’7 ={ I 45,(° F/89. 67 a # FG &%& 45# 4B<Q ={ II, ý ³k 45 I¨ } =I 45,( $ %&: F/< 9. =D/i #° a ={ II 45,( $%&' &%&: óû/89. u< # &%&° óû/-, $%& óû /< 9. -C #' ¯U DE& N 45,( F/- R< /0 Table 6 *q/- R DE& N FG %& 4BG !" ={ H/ 0 F/89. Table 6 N ={ II( $%&' &% &: D4 Ri óû N / vV9. ?$ - ={ III,( F WX /_ xV9. ® Table 6. Explanation views of matter change in general chemistry textbooks using in college courses Matter change. Chemical change. Physical change. View point. Number of Textbook. Type I. 3. Type II. 1. No definition. 1. Type I. 2. Type II. 2. No definition. 1. $%&' &%&: l - R9- ;@/- j óû/< a N_ RV9. -C W`# =*/¦, (cd -C & #' DE& # wA 4: l·Q xÇ U R9..

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