New Records of Testate Amoebae from Korea

(1)

Jongwoo Jung

314Korean J. Environ. Biol. 34(4) : 314~319(2016) https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2016.34.4.314

IntroductIon

Testate amoebae are a polyphyletic protozoan group which has a test. This group includes mainly Arcellinida(Amoebo

zoa) and Euglyphida(Cercozoa), but also it includes other minor groups of protozoans. This group can be further dif

ferentiated based on types of pseudopodia and shell materi

als(Ogden and Hedley 1980).

Testate amoebae are present in a wide range of moist and freshwater environments such as moss, soil, peat, standing water, etc. As testate amoebae can be identified according to their remaining shells even after death, they are useful in evaluating condition of freshwater ecosystem and wetland habitats(Booth 2002). They, therefore, have been used as quantitative proxy for hydrological changes related with climate or human activities(Lamentowicz et al. 2013).

Faunal studies on testate amoebae from Korea have been performed by several researchers(Chung and Choi 1989, 1995; Chung and Cha 1990; Chung and Kang 1991; Chung et al. 1992). As a result, thirtythree species of freshwater testate amoebae have been reported in this country. But many species are still remaining to be discovered. Here I report seventeen unrecorded species of testate amoebae collected from Korea.

MaterIals and Methods

Specimens used in this study were sampled from several locations in Korea. Water plants, water moss(Sphagnum) or benthic sediments were collected to sample testate amoe

bae. Specimens were sorted using an inverted microscope, AE2000(Motic, Hong Kong). Then each specimen was mounted on a hole slide glass using Canada balsam media.

A research microscope, BX53(Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was used to observe and take picture of specimens. All the specimens are deposited in Nation Institute of Biological Resources(NIBR), Incheon, Korea.

results and dIscussIon

Phylum Amoebozoa Lühe, 1913

Subphylum Lobosa Carpenter, 1861 Class Tubulinea Smirnov et al., 2005 Order Arcellinida Kent, 1880 Family Arcellidae Ehrenberg, 1843 Genus Arcella Ehrenberg, 1832

1.Arcella arenaria Greeff,1866(Fig.1a)

Material examined. 1 individual(KOSPIV0000241730):

* Corresponding author: Jongwoo Jung, Tel. 0232772616, Fax. 0269370733, Email. [email protected]

New Records of Testate Amoebae from Korea

Jongwoo Jung*

Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea abstract - testate amoebae are useful organisms when evaluating the condition of freshwater ecosystems and wetland habitats. herein, I report on seventeen unrecorded species of testate amoebae from Korea: Arcella arenaria, A. costata, A. hemisphaerica, Centropyxis constricta, C.

discoides, C. spinosa, Difflugia amphora, D. globulosa, D. longicollis, D. penardi, Heleopera rosea, Hyalosphenia subflava, Nebela militaris, N. penardiana, Netzelia wailesi, Cyphoderia ampulla, and C.

trochus.

Key words : testate amoeba, arcellinida, cercozoa, freshwater

(2)

Korea, Jejudo, Seogwiposi, Saikdaldong, The 1100meter Hill wetland, 33°21′29.27″N, 126°27′47.36″E, 4 July 2015, collected by Jongwoo Jung.

diagnosis. Shell brown, circular; hemispherical in lateral view. Aperture slightly invaginated, circular, bordered by a lip. Shell always circular in apical view, more or less dome

shaped in lateral view; dorsal surface usually with slight folds, but very often flattened. Shell yellowish brown.

Aper ture small, circular in shape, its diameter barely reach

ing 1/5~1/6 that of the shell. Many small pores, 8~28 in number, around the aperture. Height of the shell not less than 1/2 diameter of the shell.

habitat. Sphagnum.

World distribution. Northern hemisphere.

2.Arcella costata ehrenberg,1848(Fig.1B)

Korea, Jejudo, Seogwiposi, Namwoneup, Soomangri, Mulyeongarioreum, 33°22′08.26″N, 126°41′35.30″E, 3 July 2015(J. Jung).

diagnosis. Shell in side view slightly trapezoid, with a flat polygonal top; aperture slightly invaginated, circular and bordered by a collar.

habitat. Water plants.

World distribution. Cosmopolitan.

3.Arcella hemisphaerica Perty,1852(Fig.1c)

Material examined. Twenty individuals(KOSPIV000024 1732): Korea, Gyeonggido, Pajusi, Jorieup, Janggokri, Baekmagyo Br., 37°45′45.92″N, 126°51′20.39″E, 27 June 2015, collected by Jongwoo Jung; 1 individual: Korea, Jeju

do, Seogwiposi, Saikdaldong, The 1100meter Hill wet

land, 33°21′29.27″N, 126°27′47.36″E, 4 July 2015(J. Jung).

diagnosis. Shell brown, circular; hemispherical in lateral view. Shell surface either smooth or with depressions giving the test an undulate appearance. Aperture slightly invaginat

ed, circular, bordered by a lip.

Family Centropyxidae Jung, 1942 Genus Centropyxis Stein, 1857

4.Centropyxis constricta(ehrenberg,1843)(Fig.1d) Material examined. 1 individual(KOSPIV0000241733):

Korea, Jeollanamdo, Sinangun, Heuksanmyeon, Yeri, 36°68′97.52″N, 125°45′45.31″E, 21 September 2015(Hann Kim).

diagnosis. Shell yellow, ovoid; aboral region in lateral view spherical but slightly tapering towards the aperture; shell usually smooth on the apertural surface and rough at the aboral region; aperture invaginated, oval with semicircular apertural rim.

5.Centropyxis discoides Penard,1890(Fig.1e) Material examined. Twenty individuals(KOSPIV000024 1734): Korea, Gyeonggido, Pajusi, Jorieup, Janggokri, Janggokgyo Br., 37°45′06.61″N, 126°50′29.59″E, 11 June 2015(J. Jung).

diagnosis. Shell brown, circular; discoid in lateral view.

Small spines from lateral margin.

remarks. Variation in presence and absence of spines was reported. The specimen observed has spines.

6.Centropyxis spinosa cash,1905(Fig.1F)

Material examined. 2 individuals(KOSPIV0000241735):

Korea, Jejudo, Seogwiposi, Seongsaneup, Onpyeongri, Honinji Pond, 33°24′54.74″N, 126°53′37.48″E, 4 July 2015 (J. Jung).

diagnosis. Shell brown, circular with six lateral spines;

lateral view spherical but slightly tapering towards the ap

erture; shell surface usually rough, and covered with sand grains, but area around aperture smooth; aperture invaginat

ed, oval.

Family Difflugiidae Wallich, 1864 Genus Difflugia Leclerc, 1815

(3)

Fig. 1. Testate amoebae. A, Arcella arenaria, apertural view; B, Arcella costata, apertural view; C, Arcella hemisphaerica, apertural view; D, Centropyxis constricta, apertural view; E, Centropyxis discoides, apertural view; F, Centropyxis spinosa, apetural view; G, Difflugia amphora, aperturelateral view; H, Difflugia longicollis, lateral view; I, Difflugia penardi, lateral view; J, Heleopera rosea, lateral view; K, Nebela militaris, lateral view; L, Nebela penardiana, lateral view; M, Netzelia wailesi, lateral view; N, N. wailesi, apertural view; O, Cyphoderia ampulla, lateral view; P, Cyphoderia trochus, lateral view. Scale bars: 500μm.

A B C D

E F G H

I J K

L

M N O

P

(4)

7.Difflugia amphora(leidy,1874)(Fig.1G)

Korea, Jejudo, Seogwiposi, Saikdaldong, The 1100meter Hill wetland, 33°21′29.27″N, 126°27′47.36″E, 4 July 2015 (J. Jung).

diagnosis. Shell brown, ovoid, circular in crosssection;

fundus rounded aperture surrounded by shallow undulating lip.

habitat. Bottom sediments of ditches and lakes.

8.Difflugia globulosa dujardin,1937

Korea, Jejudo, Seogwiposi, Seongsaneup, Onpyeongri, Honinji Pond, 33°24′54.74″N, 126°53′37.48″E, 4 July 2015 (J. Jung).

diagnosis. Shell brown, spherical, rough; aperture circular, surrounded by smaller particles.

9.Difflugia longicollis Gassowsky,1936(Fig.1h) Material examined. 1 individual(KOSPIV0000241738):

Korea, Jeollanamdo, Sinangun, Heuksanmyeon, Yeri, 36°

68′97.52″N, 125°45′45.31″E, 21 September 2015(J. Jung).

diagnosis. Shell yellowish brown, pyriform, rough; fundus rounded; neck tapering evenly to the aperture; aperture cir

cular, surrounded by smaller particles.

World distribution. Northern hemisphere.

10.Difflugia penardi hopkinson,1909(Fig.1I) Material examined. 1 individual(KOSPIV0000241739):

Korea, Jejudo, Seogwiposi, Andeokmyeon, Gamsanri, Andeok Valley 33°15′25.04″N, 126°21′12.23″E, 2 July 2015(J. Jung).

diagnosis. Shell transparent, ovoid, circular in transverse section; aperture small and circular.

Family Heleoperidae Jung, 1942 Genus Heleopera Leidy, 1879

11.Heleopera rosea Penard,1890(Fig.1J)

Korea, Jejudo, Seogwiposi, Andeokmyeon, Gamsanri, Andeok Valley, 33°15′25.04″N, 126°21′12.23″E, 2 July 2015, collected by Jongwoo Jung; 1 Individual: Korea, Jejudo, Seogwiposi, Saikdaldong, The 1100meter Hill wetland, 33°21′29.27″N, 126°27′47.36″E, 4 July 2015(J.

Jung).

diagnosis. Shell lightly red, ovoid laterally flattened; aper

ture terminal, angular in outline, having thin, linear slit.

habitat. Sphagnum and water plants.

Family Hyalospheniidae Schulze, 1877 Genus Hyalosphenia Stein, 1857

12.Hyalosphenia subflava cash and hopkinson,1909 Material examined. 1 individual(KOSPIV0000241849):

Korea, Gyeonggido, Pajusi, Jorieup, Janggokri, Baekma

gyo Br., 37°45′45.92″N, 126°51′20.39″E, 27 June 2015(J.

Jung).

diagnosis. Shell colourless, ovoid, smooth; elliptical in narrow view; oval in apertural view. Aperture terminal, oval or circular.

Family Nebelidae Taranek, 1882 Genus Nebela Leidy, 1874

13.Nebela militaris Penard,1890(Fig.1K)

diagnosis. Shell colourless, ovoid with a convex aperture in broad view, slightly compressed laterally, composed of a mixture of oval, circular and rectangular shell plates; aper

(5)

ture elongate, surrounded by a thick organic collar.

remarks. Specimens observed show variation in shell breadth.

14.Nebela penardiana deflandre,1936(Fig.1l) Material examined. 1 individual(KOSPIV0000241851):

diagnosis. Shell pale brown, pyriform; aperture oval, sur

rounded by a collar of organic cement.

Family Lesquereusiidae Jung, 1942 Genus Netzelia Ogden, 1979

15.Netzelia wailesi(ogden,1980)Meisterfeld,1984 (Fig.1M,n)

Korea, Gyeonggido, Pajusi, Jorieup, Janggokri, Baekma

gyo Br., 37°45′45.92″N, 126°51′20.39″E, 27 June 2015(J.

Jung).

diagnosis. Test ovoid to nearly globular. Protuberance not clear. Aperture irregular.

Phylum Cercozoa

Subphylum Monadofilosa CavalierSmith, 1997 Class Imbricatea CavalierSmith, 1997

Order Euglyphida Copeland, 1956 Family Cyphoderiidae de Saedeleer, 1934 Genus Cyphoderia Schlumberger, 1845

16.Cyphoderia ampulla(ehrenberg,1840)(Fig.1o) Material examined. 1 individual(KOSPIV0000241853):

Korea, Gyeonggido, Pajusi, Wollongmyun, Donaeri, Ju

wolgyo Br., 37°48′02.14″N, 126°49′09.70″E, 27 June 2015 (J. Jung).

diagnosis. Shell colorless, retortshaped, circular in trans

verse section; shell plates siliceous, circular, biconvex, arranged in diagonal rows; aperture circular, surrounded by a row of shell plates.

17.Cyphoderia trochus Penard,1899(Fig.1P)

Korea, Gyeonggido, Pajusi, Wollongmyun, Donaeri, Ju

wolgyo Br., 37°48′02.14″N, 126°49′09.70″E, 27 June 2015, collected by Jongwoo Jung; 1 individual: Korea, Jejudo, Seogwiposi, Saikdaldong, The 1100meter Hill wetland, 33°21′29.27″N, 126°27′47.36″E, 4 July 2015(J. Jung).

diagnosis. Shell colorless, retortshaped, circular in trans

verse section; shell plates siliceous, circular, biconvex, arranged in diagonal rows; aperture circular, surrounded by a ring of shellplates.

World distribution. Europe, South America.

acKnoWledGeMent

This work was supported by a grant, “The discovery of Korean indigenous species(NIBR201501201)” from the National Institute of Biological Resources(NIBR), funded by Ministry of Environment(MOE) of the Republic of Ko

rea.

reFerences

Booth RK. 2002. Testate amoebae as paleoindicators of surface

moisture changes on Michigan peatlands: modern ecology and hydrological calibration. J. Paleolimnol. 28:329348.

Chung WH and HY Cha. 1990. A taxonomic study on the order Gromiida(Protozoa: Sarcomastigophora: Rhizopoda) from Korea. Korean J. Syst. Zool. 6:209218.

Chung WH and JB Choi. 1989. A taxonomic study of orders Arcellinida and Gromiida(Protozoa: Sarcomastigophora:

Rhizopoda) from Ch’ŏngju area, Korea. Korean J. Syst.

Zool. 5:183204.

Chung WH and JB Choi. 1995. A taxonomic study of order Ar

(6)

cellinida(Protozoa: Sarcomastigophora: Rhizopoda) from Korea(II). Korean J. Syst. Zool. 11:335341.

Chung WH and SB Kang. 1991. Taxonomy of Thecamoebae (Rhizopodea: Protozoa) from Korea. Korean J. Syst. Zool.

7:5564.

Chung WH, SB Kang and JB Choi. 1992. A taxonomic study of order Arcellinida(Protozoa: Sarcomastigophora: Rhizo

poda) from Korea. Korean J. Syst. Zool. 8:1118.

Lamentowicz M, M Gałka, K Milecka, K Tobolski, Ł Lamen

towicz, B Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł and M Blaauw. 2013. A 1300

years multiproxy, high resolution record from a rich fen in northern Poland: Reconstructing hydrology, landuse and clitmate change. J. Quaternary Sci. 28:582594.

Ogden GG and RH Hedley. 1980. An atlas of freshwater testate amoebae. British Museum(Natural History). Oxford Uni

versity Press, Oxford, UK.

Received: 10 September 2016 Revised: 2 October 2016 Revision accepted: 3 October 2016