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Inhibitory Effects of Water Extract of Lindera obtusiloba on the Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Inflammation

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40(3) : 233 237 (2009)

233

생강나무 추출물의 알레르기성 염증반응 억제 효과

김상현1·손준호2·이승호*

1경북대학교의과대학, 2대구경북한방산업진흥원, 영남대학교약학대학

Inhibitory Effects of Water Extract of Lindera obtusiloba on the Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Inflammation

Sang-Hyun Kim

1

, Jun-Ho Son

2

and Seung-Ho Lee

*

1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Korea

2Daegu.Gyeongbuk Institute for Oriental medicine Industry, Kyongsan, Korea College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University,Kyongsan 712-749, korea

Abstract −Lindera obtusiloba has been used for centuries as a traditional medicine in Korea and recently known to have an anti-fibrotic effect. In this report, we investigated the effect of hot water extract from L. obtusiloba (WELB) on the mast cell- mediated allergic inflammation and studied its possible mechanisms of action. WELB inhibited phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-induced histamine release in HMC-1 human mast cells. WELB reduced PMACI- induced gene expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL- 6, and IL-8. The inhibitory effect of WELB on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines was c-jun N-terminal kinase and nuclear factor-κB dependent. These results indicate that WELB may be beneficial in the treatment of mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation.

Key words −Lindera obtusiloba, histamine, proinflammatory cytokine, mast cells, allergic inflammation.

비만세포는피부, 호흡기, 림프관주위, 혈관주위, 위장

관의점막, 전신의장기에분포하고있으며, 천식이

알레르기성비염과같은알레르기반응을매개하는 요한세포이다.1)비만세포로부터히스타민의유리는알레르

반응의병리적진행과정에서필수적인단계인데, 비만세

표면에존재하는면역글로블린 E (IgE)수용체인 FcεRI

항원이결합하여유발되는비만세포활성화에의해 스타민이유리된다. 비만세포가활성화되면비만세포는

과립되고또한아라키돈산대사물질과염증반응을유발하 다양한사이토카인이분비된다.2, 3)비만세포에서분비되

다양한염증유발물질히스타민은즉시형과민성 응을유발하는가장강력한생리활성물질로알려져있다.4)

비만세포의탈과립반응은 IgE 수용체를통한자극이외

에도 칼슘 ionophore, codeine, 합성부신피질자극호르몬,

compound 48/80같은약리학적복합물에의한자극등이

있다. Compound 48/80비만세포내의칼슘수준을증가

시켜아나필락시반응을일으키는데가장많이사용되고 으며, 이러한비만세포의탈과립을유도하는자극에의해

세포내과립에저장되어있는히스타민등의화학적매개 물질이유리되고, 결과말초혈관에대한투과성항진과

확장작용, 점막표면에대한선세포의분비항진작용, 기관

평활근에대한수축작용등을일으켜알레르기반응이 발현된다.5)비만세포의활성화유발되는탈과립과정의

신호전달경로에대해서는지금까지많은연구가진행되었 는데특히 tyrosine kinase인산화와칼슘의세포내유입

중요하다.6,7)또한비만세포에서의히스타민의유리에는 cAMP중요한역할한다고알려져있다.8)

다양한자극에의한비만세포의활성화는히스타민, 세로

토닌, 류코트리엔과같은생리활성물질이외에도 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8

같은사이토카인을분비하고, 이러한염증유발성물질에

알레르기성염증질환이유발된다.9,10)전사인자인 mitogen- activated protein kinase (MAPK) NF-κB세포활성,

*교신저자(E-mail):[email protected] (Tel):053-810-4654

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증과같은다양한세포내반응을조절하는인자로서특히

TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 IL-8같은염증유발사이토카인의

발현을조절하고세포외부로부터의자극을세포내부로 달하는역할을주로담당한다고알려져있다.10-12)

생강나무는녹나무과의다년생관목으로약명은黃梅木 이라하며속명으로는 楸木, 楸樟, 山薑, 香麗木, 檀香

, 산동백나무등으로불린다. 우리나라전역에분포하는

낙엽관목으로꽃은황색이며잎보다먼저핀다. 관상용,

업용, 약용으로쓰이고, 관상수열매로기름을짜며

료로사용된다. 민간에서는열매, , 가지등을해열, 강심

, 학질, 건위제 등으로 사용한다. 성분으로는 가지에 sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol 등이, 가지와잎에는

향유가 0.4-0.6% 함유되어있고주성분은 l-borneol이다.

탄소수 16-33개의파라핀이함유되어있고종자유중에

carpric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, linderic acid

함유되어있다.13)

연구에서는천연물에서비만세포에의해유발되는 레르기성염증반응에효과가있는생강나무를시료로 히스타민유리와염증유발성사이토카인억제에대한 작용기전을실험하여유의성있는결과를얻었기에 보고하고자한다.

재료 및 방법

시약세포배양 −Phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI) Sigma사에서구입하

였다. TNF-α IL-6 항체는 R&D제품을사용하였다.

인체비만세포주인 HMC-1 세포는 10% FBS첨가된 Life Technologies사의 Iscove's media에서배양하였다.

시료의제조 − 실험에사용된생강나무는 2009 4

구지역에서채집한것으로충남대학교배기환교수에게 받아사용하였으며 (SH09018), 표본은영남대학교약학

대학에보관하고있다. 생강나무줄기 1 kg잘게썰어 2

L증류수를가하고 100oC에서 4시간추출용매를

거하고동결건조하여 115 g추출물을얻었다.

히스타민정량 − 세포배양액에있는히스타민은형광분석 법으로정량하였다.12)에펜돌프튜브에시료 500µl

하여 0.1 M HCl 450µl 60% 과염소산용액 50µl

합한원심분리(400 g, 20)하였다. 상등액 800µl

취해 5 M NaOH 용액 500µl, 증류수 3 ml, n-butanol 10 ml, NaCl 1.2 g혼합한시험관에넣고진탕원심분

(500 g, 10)하였다. n-butanol 8 ml 취해 0.1 M HCl 3 ml, n-heptane 10 ml 가하여 진탕 원심분리 (500 g, 10)하였다. 여기서얻어진수층 2 ml 1 M NaOH 400µl, 1% o-phthaldialdehyde 용액 100µl가하여혼합

하고 2 동안방치한 다음 emission 438 nm, excitation

353 nm에서형광강도를측정하였다.

RT-PCR

이용한유전자 발현분석 −RNA 분리 kit

사용해 세포로부터 total RNA 분리하고, 분리된 total RNA흡광도를측정하여정량한 1µg RNA cDNA

합성한 cDNA주형으로다양한 primer (Table I)사용해 PCR증폭하였다. 이때대조군으로β-actin

대한 PCR함께 실시하며 얻어진 DNA 생성물은 2%

agarose gel에서전기영동 Ethidium bromide염색하여 UV하에서관찰하였다.

세포활성물질분비측정

(Enzyme-linked immnosorbent assay, ELISA)

세포활성물질에대한단클론항체를

PBS (pH 7.4)희석하여 96 well plate 100µl각각

팅하고, 0.05% tween 함유된 PBS 씻어낸 다음 1%

BSA, 5 % sucrose, 0.05% NaN3함유한 PBS 1시간동

blocking 하였다. 여러씻어다음 원심분리하여

얻은혈청과표준세포활성물질을첨가한 37oC에서 2

동안 방치하였다. Biotin 결합된 2항체 첨가, avidin peroxidase첨가하고기질인 ABTS 용액을첨가하

, 발색반응은 ELISA reader사용하여 405 nm에서

정하였다.

Table I. Primers and PCR conditions for gene expression

Gene Primers Annealing

temperature (oC) Amplified size(bp) TNF-α s 5'-cct acc aga cca agg tca ac-3'

as 5'-agg ggg taa taa agg gat tg-3' 57 279

IL-1β s 5'-aaa cag atg aag tgc tcc tt-3'

as 5'-tgg aga aca cca ctt gtt gc-3' 57 391

IL-6 s 5'-aaa gag gca ctg gca gaa aa-3'

as 5'-atc tga ggt gcc cat gct ac-3' 59 412

IL-8 s 5'-aca gca gag cac aca agc tt-3'

as 5'ctg gca acc cta caa cag ac-3' 59 247

β-actin s 5'-gga ctt cga gca aga gat gg-3'

as 5'-agc act gtg ttg gcg tac ag-3' 54 234

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Western blot

분석 − 세포를 2 mM PMSF 10µg/ml leupeptin 함유한 추출완충액(1% triton X-100, 0.5%

sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS함유한 PBS용액)으로

해시킨 syndication해서 DNA조각낸다. 단백량은 BSA

표준으로이용해서 Bio-Rad protein assay kit이용하

측정하였다. 세포총단백 10-50µg 0.1% SDS함유

8-12% (w/v) polyacrylamide gel에서전기영동한 gel

존재하는단백을 electroblotting 방법으로 nitrocellulose (NC) filter옮기고, 비특이적인결합을차단하기

하여 NC filter 5% 탈지분유를함유한 tris-buffered saline- tween (TBS-tween) 용액에넣고실온에서 1시간동안반응

시켰다. Filter타겟단백질에대한항체를함유한 TBS- tween 용액에넣고실온에서 1시간동안방치한 HRP

표지된 2항체로표지하였다. Enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL)이용하여 band들을가시화하였다.

통계학적분석 − 실험결과는 mean±SEM으로표시하였고 ANOVA Duncan's multiple range tests의해유의성을

검정하여 P<0.05결과를얻었을유의성이있는것으

하였다.

결과 및 고찰

비만세포로부터히스타민의유리에 미치는

WELB

과 − 비만세포에 PMACI투여하면비만세포가활성화

면서세포내의주함유물질이며알레르기유발물질인히스 타민이유리된다. 인체비만세포주인 HMC-1 세포에미치

WELB효과를검토하기위하여 PMACI투여하기

10분전에 WELB처리하였다. Fig. 1에서와같이 WELB

비만세포에서 PMACI의한히스타민의유리를농도

의존적으로억제하였다. WELB비만세포에대한독성여

부를 확인하기 위해 MTT 실험을 결과 WELB 농도

1 mg/ml까지세포독성이나타나지않았다. (data not shown)

염증유발 사이토카인유전자의 발현 분비에 미치는

WELB

효과 −TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 IL-8알려진

염증유발물질로서 PMACI자극에의해비만세포에서

현된다. 비만세포유래의염증유발에대한 WELB효과를

검토하기위하여 HMC-1 세포를 PMACI자극하기 1시간

전에 WELB처리하였다. Fig. 2에서와같이 WELB

만세포에서 PMACI의한 TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 IL-8

발현을농도의존적으로억제하였다. 또한 Fig. 3에서와

WELB PMACI자극된비만세포에서 TNF-α IL- 6분비를농도의존적으로억제하였다.

WELB

염증유발 사이토카인발현억제기전 − 전사인

자인 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) NF-κB

세포활성, 염증과같은다양한 세포내반응을조절하는

자로서특히 TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 IL-8같은염증유발

사이토카인의발현을조절한다고알려져있다. MAPK extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun N- terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK구성되어있으며,

이들은세포외부로부터의자극을세포내부로전달하는 할을 주로담당한다. 염증유발사이토카인발현에대한 WELB억제효과에대한작용기전을 검토하기위하여 HMC-1 세포를 PMACI자극하기 1시간전에 WELB

처리하고 MAPK NF-κB활성에대한 WELB효과를

측정하였다. Fig. 4에서와 같이 WELB비만세포에서 PMACI의한 NF-κB활성을억제하였다. 또한 WELB

ERK p38 MAPK대한영향없이 JNK인산화를

특이적으로억제하였다.

활성화된비만세포는히스타민과같은생리활성물질 염증유발성사이토카인분비를통해알레르기성염증질환 유발한다. 또한염증유발성사이토카인은 MAPK NF-

κB같은전사인자를통해분비된다. 따라서비만세포에

의해분비되는히스타민염증유발성사이토카인분비 억제하는물질을발굴하고작용기전을밝히는일은 레르기성염증질환치료에서중요한분야이다. 연구에서

WELB히스타민유리를억제하고, NF-κB JNK

활성을억제하여염증유발사이토카인의발현을억제함을 시사하고있다.

결 론

비만세포에의해매개되는알레르기성염증반응에대한

WELB효과실험 결과 WELB인체비만세포주에서

Fig. 1. Effect of the water extract of L. obtusiloba (WELB) on PMACI-induced histamine release from HMC-1 cells. The cells (2×106 cells/ml) were preincubated with WELB at 37oC for 10 min prior to incubation with PMA (20 nM) and A23187 (1µM). Each data represents the mean±SEM of three independent experiments. *Statistically significant at P<0.05.

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Fig. 2. Effect of the water extract of L. obtusiloba (WELB) on the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in HMC-1 cells.

HMC-1 (2×106 cells/ml) was pretreated with WELB for 1 h and stimulated by PMA (20 nM) and A23187 (1µM) for 4 h. Gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 was quantified by RT-PCR. Products were electrophoresed on a 1.5% agarose gel, visualized by staining with ethidium bromide and certificated using a Kodak DC 290 digital camera. Each data represents the mean±SEM of three independent experiments. *Statistically significant at P<0.05.

Fig. 3. Effect of the water extract of L. obtusiloba (WELB) on the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in HMC-1 cells. HMC- 1 (2×106 cells/ml) was pretreated with WELB for 1 h and stimulated by PMA (20 nM) and A23187 (1µM) for 12 h. The secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 was measured by ELISA. Each data represents the mean±SEM of three independent experiments. *Statistically significant at P<0.05.

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PMACI의해유도된히스타민의유리를억제하였다.

WELB전사인자인 NF-κB JNK활성화를억제하

다양한염증유발성사이토카인의발현과분비를억제하 였다.

이러한결과로미루어생강나무추출물인 WELB

비만세포매개알레르기성염증질환의예방과치료에 사용될있음을시사하고있다.

인용문헌

1. Metcalfe, D. D., Kaliner, M. and Donlon, M. A. (1981) The mast cell. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 3: 23.

2. Miyajima, I., Dombrowicz, D., Martin, T. R., Ravetch, J. V., Kinet, J. P. and Galli, S. J. (1997) Systemic anaphylaxis in the mouse can be mediated largely through IgG1 and Fc gam- maRIII. Assessment of the cardiopulmonary changes, mast

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13. 중약대사전상해과학기술출판사 1913.

(2009년 8월 20일 접수) Fig. 4. Effect of the water extract of L. obtusiloba (WELB) on

the activation of MAPKs and NF-κB in HMC-1 cells. HMC-1 (2×106cells/ml) was pretreated with WELB for 1 h and stimulated by PMA (20 nM) and A23187 (1µM) for 1 h.

Phosphorylation of MAPK and activation of NF-κB were analyzed by Western blot. C-NF-κB, cytoplasmic NF-κB; N- NF-κB, nucleus NF-κB.

수치

Table I.  Primers and PCR conditions for gene expression
Fig. 1.  Effect of the water extract of  L. obtusiloba  (WELB) on PMACI-induced histamine release from HMC-1 cells
Fig. 2.  Effect of the water extract of  L. obtusiloba  (WELB) on the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in HMC-1 cells.

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