2014년 고1 빈칸추론 문제 공유(리카수니 영어카페)

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2014년 기출문제

다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시 1

오. [3월 서울시]

Everyone knows that dogs make wonderful pets. But many dogs also have different __________. Some dogs, for example, are used by the police. Often these dogs help people in trouble or find people who are lost. Other dogs work at airports. They sniff out plants, food, and other things that people are not supposed to bring in from other countries. With their help, these things are found and never enter the country. Some other dogs help people keep their homes safe from harmful insects. Once the dogs find the insect nest with their sharp nose, people can have the insects and their nest removed.

* sniff out: 냄새로 ~을 찾아내다

① jobs ② enemies ③ histories

④ habits ⑤ memories

오. [3월 서울시]

Today, 3D printing technology is used only in companies and universities, but the prices are now getting lower and the quality better. We can imagine every home having a 3D printer in the future. Note that 3D printing technology doesn’t require an original object to copy: any drawing will do, as long as it describes the piece precisely. Soon anyone can use a home sketching tool to produce the proper design, and then the home printer will be able to create the actual physical object. If you can __________ it, you can make it. For example, if you don’t have enough dinner plates for your guests, you can “print out” some real plates from your sketch.

① mix ② open ③ draw

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오. [3월 서울시]

One summer a teenager I knew, a young man who had the highest IQ ever recorded by the local school system, repainted a neighbor’s roof. He climbed up with his paint bucket and roller and started to paint ― from the bottom to the top. When he got to the highest point of the roof, he realized he was in trouble. On the way down, he slipped on the fresh paint, fell off the roof, and broke his leg. He was very good at math and reading, but he couldn’t think of the idea of starting from the top. Sometimes common sense and practical knowhow are more useful than ____________________.

① social skills ② strong confidence

③ intellectual ability ④ physical strength

⑤ childhood dreams

오. [3월 서울시]

Tom was a professional basketball player. In his last championship game, his mistake caused his team to lose the game. For years after his retirement, he kept thinking about the mistake. When people asked, “Why are you depressed most of the time?” he answered, “I was a fool to make such a mistake. How else do you expect me to feel?” Even if people told him that it was his thinking that was depressing him, he would say, “No, it isn’t. I’m depressed because I made the mistake, not because I’m thinking about it. In fact, I seldom think about it.” Tom didn’t see his thinking as ______________. [3점]

① the cause of his suffering ② the result of his practice ③ the evidence of his talent ④ the secret of his friendship ⑤ the source of his creativity

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오. [3월 서울시]

One of the most important skills you can develop in human relations is the ability to

_____________________. It’s one of the keys to satisfying customers, maintaining a marriage, and raising children. All human interactions are improved by the ability to put yourself in another person’s shoes. How? Look beyond yourself, your own interests, and your own world. When you work to examine a problem in the light of another’s history and discover the interests and concerns of others, you begin to see what others see. And that is a powerful thing. [3점]

① make old things new ② forgive others’ mistakes ③ know what you really want ④ express your feelings honestly ⑤ see things from others’ points of view

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 6

[3D]

When my son Tony was young, I purchased a model car for children at Christmas. When Tony opened the box, I reviewed the rather difficult instructions and I thought Tony was too young to figure out how to put together this new toy. So, I immediately decided I could get the job done quicker by using my wisdom and skill. Just as I started, my wife came to the back door, looked at the car, and offered me some very valuable advice. “Honey, you don’t want Tony to avoid activities that seem difficult. He must be able to work alone without needing other people’s help. We really need to teach him to be _____________.” Her advice was simple, yet very true. [3점]

① ambitious ② independent

③ intelligent ④ sociable

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[3D]

The male stickleback fish builds a nest for its eggs. He makes the nest out of water plants and sticks. He makes it in the shape of a barrel and uses a thread-like material from his body to glue the nest together. When the nest is ready, the female fish comes. Once a female stickleback’s job of laying egg is done, she doesn’t return to the nest or see her young again. The male stickleback, however, has more work to do. Besides nest building, his job is to watch over the eggs. For two weeks, the male guards his nest fiercely. He fans oxygen-filled water through the tunnel of the barrel with his fins and repairs any damage to his nest. Protecting this nest is a full-time job, so he doesn’t leave the nest. If other sea animals try to eat the baby sticklebacks, he fights them. He keeps the baby fish safe until they can care for themselves. The stickleback male is _________.

① a good father ② a private doctor ③ a lazy worker ④ an unskilled builder ⑤ a stupid soldier

[3D]

Creative thinking is work. All creative geniuses must have passion and the determination to concentrate on the process of creating new and different ideas. They work passionately and produce incredible numbers of ideas. Thomas Edison created 3,000 different ideas for lighting systems before he evaluated them for practicality. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart produced more than 600 pieces of music, including forty-one

symphonies and some forty operas and masses, during his short creative life. Rembrandt produced around 650 paintings and 2,000 drawings and Picasso produced more than 20,000 works. These examples show that creative geniuses

________________________. ① enjoy talking with other people ② have a high level of productivity ③ like to change their environments ④ wait for a good chance to come ⑤ look at problems in different ways

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[3D]

There is no factor more essential than _________ to accomplish goals. The path to success is not always uphill, but progress is not always assured. The next milestone is not always in sight, and it is natural to become less motivated and become discouraged. Successful people work toward their goals when encouraged and work harder when discouraged. As others become weak in energy and interest, they keep on. They know the person who can go the hardest for the longest will usually win. If you want something so badly that you feel you have to achieve it immediately, you are likely to experience disappointment and eventually failure. You will get down on yourself and lose self-motivation and confidence. [3점]

① continued effort ② great talent

③ a realistic goal ④ good leadership

⑤ a fine teamwork

[3D]

Take an empty glass bottle and remove its cap. Hold it upside down and put it into a bowl filled with water. Now watch the activity carefully. Water enters the bottle and rises up only to a certain point. Now put the bottle deeper in the water. What happens? The level of water inside the bottle remains unchanged, while the level of water outside the bottle rises up little by little. It is quite clear from this experiment that there is something inside the bottle which is preventing the water from entering it. What else can this thing be except the air itself? Now do one thing. Tilt the bottle a little to one side. Oh! What’s this? The bubbles coming out of the mouth of the bottle are going noisily to the surface and meeting their end by bursting out there. __________________________. *tilt: 기울이다 [3점]

①Water always flows downward ② Bubbles are formed from water ③ Air cannot pass through bottles ④ Air is something and it has weight ⑤ An empty bottle is not really empty

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다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것 11

을 고르시오. [3D]

Sometimes it’s possible to ____(A)____ what a word means from the context. If you learn to do this, you will start to read more quickly and enjoy reading more. Read the following sentence. What do you think chicken pox means? My sister (1) has got chicken pox and (2) the doctor says (3) she has to stay in bed for a week. Chicken pox is a noun. We know this because it comes after has got. (1) tells us that chicken pox is something you can get. (2) tells us that if you get chicken pox, you need to see a doctor. (3) tells us that if you get chicken pox, you need to stay in bed for a week. With this information, we know that chicken pox is a kind of ____(B)____, but it is not very serious. This is enough information to understand the sentence. (A) (B) ① change …… animal ② change …… illness ③ guess …… illness ④ guess …… food ⑤ wonder …… food 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시 12 오.[4V]

It is true that when you give love letters to your significant other, it’s really important to maintain the element of __________. But there are certain occasions when that’s impossible. On designated days such as Valentine’s Day, birthdays, and anniversaries, your significant other has high expectations for a lovely gesture. The good news is there are many ways to put new life on old words and actions. If you always deliver glorious gifts, then catch your love off guard by adding some length and thought to the card. If you’re a frequent card giver, then highlight a few details that you have never mentioned, or stress your favorite

features in a way you never have before. [3점]

① truth ② surprise ③ respect

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다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시 13

오.[4V]

Too often we think that our children misbehave on purpose. Instead of being quick to blame, choose the high road and assume your child

______________________. If your child has drawn a picture on your wall with his crayons, for

example, maybe he is just trying to decorate the wall beautifully and make you happy; he is not necessarily making you annoyed. And if you label his behavior as such, your child will take it to heart and often come to believe it himself. Then you have real problems. In addition to recognizing his best purposes, redirect your child’s energy to more appropriate behavior―drawing on an easel rather

than on your walls, for example. [3점]

① is having difficulty ② has positive intentions ③ just wants to bother you ④ is defective in his personality ⑤ is experiencing the growth process

오.[4V]

When sales began to slow down in the early 1970s, Boeing engineers began to recognize that they had not given enough attention to a major potential market, the developing countries of the world. The engineers soon found that runways in developing countries were generally too short for the 737 and were mainly made of asphalt. Consequently, they redesigned the wings to allow shorter landing on soft pavement and changed the engine so that takeoff would be quicker. Boeing soon began to get small orders for the 737 from a number of

developing countries, which later bought larger Boeing planes because of their satisfaction with the 737. This example shows the importance of

understanding _______________________. [3점] ① economic theories and principles

② the influence of social relationships ③ cultural differences between nations ④ the environment of your target countries ⑤ the government policy on foreign companies

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[4U]

The monarch butterfly’s caterpillars have some physical characteristics that make them noticeable to their predators. The caterpillars have yellow, black, and white stripes around their bodies and are unable to move quickly. They are highly visible while they munch their way across leaves. They offer a tasty snack to some insects and to many bigger animals, especially birds. But the monarch caterpillar’s _________ protects it. Any bird that ate a monarch caterpillar would be so ill that it would never touch another. The monarch caterpillars feed on milkweed plants. The milkweed poison that accumulates in the caterpillar’s body remains there even after it changes into the adult butterfly. Consequently the monarch butterfly is also poisonous and remains so throughout its life although adult monarchs feed only on nectar from flowers. *milkweed: 유액을 분비하는 식물 ① diet ② smell ③ sound ④ shape ⑤ coloration 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 16 [4U]

Most parents scold their children when they tell lies, but all children grow up to become liars anyway. This is because being able to tell a good lie in certain circumstances is an important social skill. For example, if your friend asks you what you think of his or her new hair style and you don’t like it, would you say so? Most people in this situation would probably tell a lie so as not to hurt their friend’s feelings. It is certainly true that a person who is too honest is likely to have few friends. On the other hand, nobody likes a person who tells too many lies either. Perhaps your future success in life will mainly depend on ________________.

① how skillfully you use the system of lying ② when you begin to have your own secret ③ what kind of goals you plan to accomplish ④ how confidently you admit your mistakes ⑤ what skills you have acquired from your parents

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[4U]

Some scientists observed 47 primates in captivity. They recorded every hand gesture and facial expression that one animal made to another. They also recorded whether the animals were playing, eating, or performing other behaviors at the same time. Results showed that each facial expression corresponded with just one context. Each hand gesture, on the other hand, could take on more than one meaning. For example, when the animal was hungry, reaching out with the palm of the hand facing up meant, “Food, please.”The same gesture while a fight was going on, however, meant, “Help me.”Thus, it can be said that the animals have the ability to use a single gesture

_________________________.〔3점〕 ① to express forbidden desires ② to learn easily what others do ③ to show how courageous they are ④ to cooperate with each other in crisis ⑤ to mean different things in different contexts

오. [5D]

We’ve got to sell our players on the importance of playing together. We’ve got to convince the players that the team will accomplish far more if no one is concerned with who gets the credit. To do this, we must sell the players on the fact that if the team does well, everybody gets somewhere together. However, if only a few individuals do well, the team goes nowhere. So many times coaches come up to me and ask for the secret offense, the magic defense, or the trick out-of-bounds play. I tell them I don’t think there is any such thing. I advise them __________________________. [3점]

① to have the players practice their skills ② to attack the defense and look to score ③ to choose the right defense for their team ④ to maintain mental concentration and attention ⑤ to work on developing their players’ teamwork

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오. [5D]

If someone ‘steals your thunder’, they are stealing your ____________. There are many great anecdotes that seek to explain the origins of the phrase, some of which are too good to be true, but one of these is both good and true. In 1704 a literary critic and minor playwright named John Dennis was proud to have invented a novel way of creating the sound of thunder, and although the details of the method have been lost in time, what has remained is that his play for which the

technique was designed, was a complete failure. Production soon stopped, and within weeks, a run of Macbeth had replaced it in the same theater. On watching this, Dennis got angry to discover that his novel method for making thunder had been stolen, and was used in the play. “Damn them!” he yelled. “They will not let my play run, but they steal my thunder!” [3점] ① ideas ② identity ③ money ④ career ⑤ wishes 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시 20 오. [5D] ________________________ is an obvious disadvantage of Internet shopping. When you go to buy a product in person, you get the pleasure of being able to take that product home and experience it immediately. This is an extremely important aspect of the psychology of shopping and is one that the Internet fails on miserably. People often buy things just to please themselves, and with Internet shopping the satisfaction must be delayed until the delivery truck arrives. This is probably one of the main reasons why Internet shopping will never totally replace the traditional store. Shoppers do not shop just to get products. There will always be a need for personal shopping.

① Having to wait for delivery ② Paying the shipping charges ③ The unsafe payment method ④ Exaggerating the product value ⑤ The difficulty of getting refunds

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[5J]

On the Serengeti Plain of Africa, zoologists have developed a simple technique to determine which one of the animals in the herd is the leader. The leader always _____________. When a predator ― a lion or cheetah ― approaches a herd of grazing animals, the members of the herd pick up the scent in the wind and begin drifting away in the opposite direction. At this time, the leader of the herd will emerge. The leader will be the animal that places himself between the predator and the herd while the herd begins to flee. The leader, risking his life facing the lion or cheetah that is moving in on the herd, will nonetheless stand his ground to buy time for the others to escape. [3점]

① turns toward danger ② wanders in search of food ③ serves low class members ④ takes a cautious attitude ⑤ moves the herd close to himself

[5J]

Not unlike drugs or alcohol, the experience of watching television allows the participant to forget the real world and enter into a pleasurable and passive mental state. To be sure, other

experiences, notably reading, also provide a temporary rest from reality. But it’s much easier to stop reading and return to reality than to stop watching television. The entry into another world offered by reading includes

___________________. The entry via television does not. In this respect, television viewing is more like drinking or taking drugs ― once you start, it’s hard to stop. [3점]

① an expensive admission fee ② a cure for mental problems ③ a friend along life’s journey ④ an easily accessible return ticket ⑤ an invitation to step into a new world

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[5J]

Several animal species have been known to _____________________________. Dolphins live in social group of five to several hundred. They need to reach the surface of the water to breathe. Sometimes a dolphin is wounded so severely that it cannot swim to the surface by itself. Then other dolphins gather together under the dolphin, pushing it upward towards the surface. If necessary, they will keep doing this for several hours. The same kind of thing happens among elephants. A fallen elephant may be unable to breathe due to its own weight, or it may overheat in the sun. Many elephant hunters have reported that when an elephant falls down, other members of the group try to raise it to its feet.

① travel and hunt their prey together ② share their information with others ③ use open areas for shelter and food ④ treat their injured parts by themselves ⑤ help injured members of the pack survive

[5U]

When Sophie learned that her dog had been hit and killed by a car, the first thing she did was run inside the house to her painting easel. As her small body heaved with tears over the loss of her best pal, she painted and painted. Her parents stood close by but didn’t interfere. They waited and watched as the sobs turned to sniffles and the painting began to slow down in its intensity. After about thirty minutes, Sophie reemerged, centered and calm. She gave them each a hug and walked away. She found her grief counseling in her paint pots that day, and her parents learned firsthand _______________.

① the meanings of death ② the power of art to heal ③ the importance of ceremony ④ the effects of violence on a child ⑤ the value of effective communication

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[5U]

Wetlands are sometimes referred to as nature’s kidneys. It is indeed impressive to see how well wetlands with flow-through characteristics change water chemistry. They generally increase water clarity and remove chemicals such as nitrate-nitrogen. They also retain or partially remove many of the constituents from water passing through the wetland system, including suspended solids, bacteria, certain heavy metals, and phosphorus. There are thousands of published papers in the past 35 years that have illustrated how natural and constructed wetlands

_____________________________.〔3점〕 *nitrate-nitrogen: 질산성 질소

① reduce soil erosion ② improve water quality ③ protect us against floods ④ are good places for fishing ⑤ provide perfect nesting grounds

[5U]

Salt is essential to human life even though it’s composed of poisonous chlorine and sodium. Our bodies can not function without salt. We have special taste buds just for it, and we crave it. If we lose too much salt through perspiration or certain medicines, we can become seriously ill. However, too much salt can raise blood pressure to

dangerous levels in sensitive individuals or in those with certain medical conditions. So the key to our consumption of salt is ___________________. Likewise, in our life too much alcohol, food, or stress can damage our well-being. Freeing ourselves from excess and addictions of any kind can be difficult. Don’t be afraid to get professional help when you are in need. And don’t be afraid to tell your problems to your family.〔3점〕

① balance and moderation ② period and tolerance ③ avoiding and inhibition ④ change and abuse

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다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[6 27

월 부산시]

When I was young, the last wolf in this part of the country was hunted down and killed. The

newcomers to this land brought their longheld fears of the wolf with them. They thought, and still think, that the wolf was successful because he loved to kill and was good at it. To them, he was evil and had to be killed. They didn’t realize he failed more than he succeeded. He went hungry nine times out of ten because his prey got away. But he kept trying until he caught it. When he finally succeeded the tenth time with his force of will, he satisfied his hunger. What they saw as a thirst for killing was really _________. That was the secret of his success: He never quit even with difficulty. [3점]

① greed ② cruelty ③ frustration

④ cleverness ⑤ determination

월 부산시]

Amusement parks have started selling the right to jump the line. Traditionally, visitors may spend hours waiting in line for the most popular rides. Now, Universal Studios Hollywood and other theme parks offer a way to avoid the wait: for about twice the price of standard admission, they’ll sell you a pass to the head of the line. Quick access to the Revenge of the Mummy thrill ride may not be as wrong as quick access to an airport security check. Still, some observers complain about the practice, seeing it as destructive of a wholesome civil habit: one journalist wrote, “Gone are the days when the themepark line _________________. Those days everybody waited their turns in democratic fashion.” [3점]

*wholesome: 건전한 ① was the great equalizer ② was short enough to wait in ③ allowed some people to jump

④ meant wealth was better than poverty ⑤ ensured profits for the entertainment industry

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월 부산시]

New research conducted recently suggests that social isolation ___________________. When people don’t feel connected to their social network, they often try to buy satisfaction. And the more rejected people feel, the more likely they are to see money as a way to solve their problems. An

experiment, which involved randomly approaching people in public places in Hong Kong, found that those who said they felt more rejected in general tended to report more betting on lotteries, more gambling at the horse track or casino, and riskier investment strategies than those who reported feeling more socially connected. Rejection

increased their beliefs linking money to a better life and these beliefs entirely accounted for the riskier choices with their money.

① raises the possibility of depression ② makes people understand others better ③ causes people to work harder for family ④ has a negative effect on intellectual abilities ⑤ leads people to make risky financial decisions

월 부산시]

What is the difference between fines and fees? Fines mean moral disapproval, whereas fees are simply prices that imply no moral judgment. When we charge a fine for littering, we’re saying that littering is wrong. Tossing a beer can into the Grand Canyon not only charges cleanup costs. It reflects a bad attitude that society wants to discourage. Suppose the fine is $100, and a wealthy hiker decides it’s worth the convenience of not having to carry his empty cans out of the park. He

__________________ and tosses his cans into the Grand Canyon. He pays up, but we think he’s done something wrong. By treating the Grand Canyon as an expensive trash can, he has failed to appreciate it properly. [3점]

① decides not to pay ② treats the fine as a fee ③ observes the park’s policy ④ knows the true meaning of fine ⑤ respects other visitors’ opinions

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[7D]

If you think that plants are boring, then maybe you have never learned about the Venus flytrap. The Venus flytrap is one of nature’s most interesting creations. It is a plant that _________________. The Venus flytrap attracts insects by creating a sweet-tasting nectar, which gives off a strong smell. The insect then lands on the leaf, which is really a trap. Each leaf has sensitive hairs. When at least two sensitive hairs are touched, the trap closes on the insect with lightning speed. The plant then slowly digests the trapped insect until only the skeleton remains. The Venus flytrap is able to digest small animals and insects such as small frogs, spiders, ants, and flies. For those people looking for an interesting plant, the Venus flytrap is a great choice.

① eats meat ② grows fast

③ likes to kill ④ helps animals

⑤ lives in water

[7D]

Imagine that you are a very small animal. A bird is about to attack and it’s too late to run. What do you do? You try to look ______________, even if you’re not. You hope that your new look will frighten away your enemy. Many small animals bluff like this in different ways. The blue-tongued lizard of Australia moves slowly. When frightened, it opens its mouth wide and sticks out a huge blue tongue. It’s not trying to be rude. It just wants to scare its attacker. Most hungry birds leave it alone. When a toad is cornered by a snake, it may puff itself up and stretch out its hind legs. The toad becomes about three times bigger than usual. This makes it look too big for the snake to swallow. If the toad is lucky, the snake goes away to look for prey of its own size. [3점]

① unattractive ② dangerous

③ bad-tasting ④ hungry

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[7D]

Most men will tell you they can _____________. When a man stops his car to read a street directory, what’s the first thing he does with his radio? He turns it down! Most women can’t understand why this happens. She can read while listening and talking, so why can’t he? Why does he insist on turning down the TV when the telephone rings? “When he’s reading the

newspaper or watching TV, why can’t he hear what I’ve just told him?” is a lament that has been made by every woman in the world at some time. A woman can do several unrelated things at the same time. She can talk on a telephone, at the same time as cooking a new recipe and watching television. However, if a man is cooking from a recipe and you talk to him, he is likely to become angry because he can’t follow the written

instructions and listen at the same time. If a man is shaving and you talk to him, he’ll cut himself. *lament: 한탄 [3점]

① work long hours

② speak better than women ③ do more complicated jobs ④ do only one thing at a time

⑤ be more independent than women

오.[8V]

Many times _______________________ sets a smooth foundation for criticizing the other person. Mr. Stone is an executive, who had problems with his new secretary. Letters he dictated were coming to his desk for signature with two or three spelling mistakes per page. Mr. Stone handled this by saying to his secretary, “Somehow this word doesn’t look right. It’s one of the words I always have had trouble with. That’s the reason I started to read this spelling book of mine. I’m very conscious of my spelling because people do judge us by our letters and misspellings make us look less

professional.” After that conversation, the secretary’s frequency of spelling errors reduced significantly.

① providing occasional praises ② writing letters instead of talking ③ talking about your own mistakes ④ getting directly down to business

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오.[8V]

In 1995, Giacomo Rizzolatti was conducting an experiment on monkeys when something extraordinary took place. Rizzolatti and his team were studying the region of the monkey’s brain involved in planning and carrying out movements. Each time the monkey took hold of an object, cells corresponding with that region in the brain would activate, which caused the monitor to beep. One day, a student of Rizzolatti’s entered the lab holding an ice cream cone. When he lifted the ice cream to his mouth, the monitor started to beep, even though the monkey hadn’t moved at all. The monkey was merely watching the student enjoy his dessert. At last, the researcher discovered a special class of cells that stimulated the monkey’s brain simply because the monkey

_______________. [3점] ① held an object

② observed an action ③ imitated a movement ④ tasted something sweet ⑤ communicated with each other

오.[8V]

The world _____________________. Just take a look at how we attempt to get things done in organizations, communities and governments. We can’t seem to do anything simply anymore. Making a decision, creating a plan, holding a meeting — all of these now involve complex processes. A once-simple process, like a neighborly conversation, has become a complex “technique.” We become exhausted by these time-consuming processes and frustrated by the lack of productive outcomes. Clearly, it’s next to impossible to reverse the movement toward complexity. As soon as a simple process becomes a technique, it grows only more complex and tougher. We forget that we already know how to do simple things like thinking, planning, and holding a conversation. Instead, we depend on difficult methods. [3점]

① fails to progress ethically ② gets narrower and narrower ③ depends more on intuition ④ grows only more complicated ⑤ gets slightly larger every day

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[8D]

When my son, Will, was six years old, we were driving through the Green Mountains of Vermont. We drove through a powerful thunderstorm with lightning and rain that made it difficult to stay on the road. Slowing down, I looked in the rear view mirror to see how Will was doing in the backseat. He seemed obviously frightened. When we had passed through the storm, I decided to ask Will how he was. My brain presented me with some culturally stereotyped ways of asking a boy about his fears, such as, “You weren’t scared, were you?” —an invitation to a boy to deny his feeling. Instead, I asked him, “That was a little scary, wasn’t it, Will?” and he replied, “No, Dad, that was very scary.” Asking a question this way gives a boy permission to _____________. [3점]

① show how smart he is ② exclude any unlikely risks ③ recognize his physical condition ④ express his emotional weakness ⑤ get along with his family members

[8D]

Think of yourself as a gift to the world. Did you know you are as unique as the snowflake? You are a living, breathing miracle! There is no need for you to imitate anyone. You need not be another Michael Jordan or Janet Jackson. There never has been anyone like you. There never will be anyone like you again. You owe the world only one thing—to be different. Only you can do this. Only you can be responsible for what you do. You will change the course of history because you were here. Maybe you will change things for the good, maybe for the bad. Maybe you will change things a little, maybe a lot, but you definitely will change things. Things will be different because you were here. You have a great responsibility to ______________.

① slow down ② be yourself

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[8D]

Even small, everyday irritations—delays, moments of anger, feelings of rejection, financial worries, traffic jams, and deadlines—rob us of our energy and joy. So, the questions keep going through our minds: Why me? What did I do to deserve this? Am I being punished for some reason? Why can’t my life be as easy as my neighbor’s life? When do I get fortune? When does the joyful part begin?

Sometimes the only thing to believe in the midst of suffering is the ancient truth, “________________” Experience tells us it works with our children: We observe each stage of their development and wonder, “Will he ever get past the ‘terrible twos’?” or “When will my child move past this teenage phase?” We’re relieved when they do, in fact, move on. Likewise, we must recognize that almost every obstacle in our path will one day disappear and seem less tragic. *terrible twos: 끔찍한 두 살 [3점] ① this too shall pass

② haste makes waste ③ every little bit helps ④ everything has its price ⑤ all’s well that ends well

[8J]

“Tell it to the Marines!” is a well-known expression in the United States. The expression originated in England when the marines were considered inferior to regular soldiers and sailors since they worked on both land and sea and so were regarded by many as foolish. Early in the nineteenth century, England organized a special army known as the British Royal Marines. These men often had to cross the seas to fight in other parts of the world. They were fine soldiers, but knew very little about life at sea. Sailors enjoyed telling these men unbelievable stories. If sailors tried to fool their own shipmates with tall tales, the reply was, “Tell it to the Marines!” These sailors knew that only the marines on board would believe such tales. Today’s marines are not so easily tricked, but we still use this expression to show our _________. * the Marines : 해병대 [3점]

① emotion ④ honesty

② courage ⑤ ambition

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[8J]

There is nothing wrong with ______________. I have heard students say that they don’t want to read the poems of other poets because they might begin to write like them. But it is only by writing like the masters ― as an exercise for yourself and as an experiment to find out what you can learn from them ― that you begin to expand your writing skills. It is even valuable to retype poems ― for instance, a sonnet of Shakespeare’s ― in order to examine closely how the poet orders his words, how he turns a line, and what he does with rhyme. Later, as you develop your own style, you will find that you have learned something useful from everyone you have copied and that you have learned something that you will eventually absorb and digest into your own work.

① doubt ② failure ③ imitation

④ impatience ⑤ risk-taking

[8J]

It wasn’t until the mid-nineteenth century that _________________________ in Britain. When they were first introduced by the Normans, rabbits were a farm animal, kept in enclosed cages for their meat and fur. Hunting rabbits was a high crime carrying severe punishment. But by the 1820s, not only were landowners enclosing their land with endless miles of hedges (the perfect environment for escaped rabbits), they also enjoyed shooting, poisoning, and trapping the foxes and birds of prey that had previously controlled the rabbit population. Rabbits now cost the British agricultural industry ￡100 million each year. Rabbits are a serious pest as they damage crops and destroy vegetable gardens. [3점]

① many kinds of rabbits were introduced as a family pet

② the once valued rabbit became a serious problem

③ images of rabbits appeared in children’s books ④ rabbit hunting with dogs was thought cruel ⑤ rabbit meat began to be considered tasty

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다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 43

[8U]

A few weeks ago my wife went to a new doctor for her annual physical exam. She had the checkup, and all was well. But as she walked home, she became increasingly upset at how superficial the whole procedure had been. No blood test. No breast exam. The doctor had listened to her heart, taken her blood pressure, and asked her if she had any complaints. That was about it. This didn't seem like an annual physical exam to my wife, so she called the office to see whether there had been some misunderstanding about the purpose of her visit. She described what had occurred to the office manager, who proceeded to tell her that this doctor's philosophy was to have the examinations guided by the desires of the patient. Aside from a few routine examinations, the doctor had no standard procedure for physical exams. Each procedure was a matter of ______________ between physician and patient. [3점] *complaint: 병

➀ equality ➁ privacy ➂ intimacy

➃ negotiation ➄ similarity

[8U]

A contributing factor to the growth of a fire service organization is ___________. Unfortunately, some states do not recognize the need to increase fire department resources until a great loss is experienced as a result of inadequate fire

protection. Significant fire losses of property, such as residential areas, million-dollar mansions, historical structures, and valuable wildlands, draw a lot of attention to fire protection needs. The losses associated with inadequate fire protection for major employers and contributors to the local economy generate incentives to support fire protection services. In the worst-case scenario, the citizens' deaths or the line-of-duty deaths of fire fighters resulting from inadequate fire protection will be needed to prompt community leaders to take innovative approaches for fund increases of fire department resources. [3점]

➀ community loss ➁ climate change ➂ tax revenue increase ➃ population growth ➄ technological advance

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[8U]

Saving face is a way to allow someone to get out of an embarrassing or problem situation with their dignity undamaged. Sometimes people are afraid to admit they are wrong. The other side can help them save face by showing respect. This is the opposite of driving someone into a corner, which will make a person fight even

harder._______________________ can work in negotiations because it is a way to help the other side avoid embarrassment. It is often used in politics. Something is done so the President can save face and not be embarrassed You are helping the other side not look bad and, as a result, may get some concessions.

➀ Making a serious face ➁ Giving someone a way out ➂ Knowing the other's interests ➃ Being consistent in your approach ➄ Taking control of the conversation

오. [9월 인천시]

When environmentalists lecture us about the need to save the planet, they sometimes emphasize the importance of saving strangers in distant lands, or the generations that will come after us. Alas, the very distance of these “other people” works against any attempt to motivate us to help them: we just cannot get excited about saving the livelihoods of people we have never met and cannot even

picture. Humans are deeply sociable creatures, and will seize the chance to help others―but our capacity to do this depends on a(n)

__________________ that is hard to sustain over great distances of time and place. [3점]

① imaginative engagement ② generational conflict ③ financial incentive ④ regional custom ⑤ unique identity

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오. [9월 인천시]

Some study guides advocate filling out elaborate calendars so you will know what you are supposed to be doing during every minute, hour, and day throughout the entire semester. They would have you allocate the time periods to study each subject, to eat meals, to engage in athletic events, to socialize with friends, and so forth. I feel that this approach is a serious mistake. Not only will students be unwilling to follow such schedules, it is undesirable for humans to attempt such strict arrangements. Following such a schedule would lead you to feel that your whole life is

predetermined and you would quickly become bored with your studies. As Frederick Nietzsche, the German philosopher, inquired, “Is not life a hundred times too short for us to bore ourselves?” Use calendars for their intended purpose to record significant dates. Write down the dates of important events, such as exams and deadlines for term papers, so you will know how much time you have to prepare for them. Don’t

________________________________________. ① violate social contracts

오. [9월 인천시]

According to Richard Thaler’s theory, people value an object more if __________________. In a classic study, people were asked to assess the value of coffee cups which had been gifted to them. Another group in the study was also asked to estimate the value of coffee cups, but these coffee cups were not owned by anyone. The subjects who owned their coffee cups consistently valued them higher than the other subjects, and in some cases they said that they would prefer to keep their coffee cups, even if they were offered money for them. However, it seems to apply specifically to objects. When people in a similar study were offered tokens which could be exchanged for coffee cups, the cognitive bias was not observed, suggesting that people formed an attachment to the specific object, not to an abstract concept. [3점]

① it is a special edition ② the object is expensive ③ its brand name is popular

④ others consider the object valuable ⑤ their ownership is clearly established

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[10D]

Getting to know yourself better takes

_____________. It is far easier to hide behind a mask than to see yourself as you really are. If you wish to know yourself and change for the better, you need to accept your weaknesses, mistakes, and more. That requires facing the fear of knowing yourself as you are. Most people who are afraid to know themselves, need others present constantly to entertain and distract them. That’s because they are fearful of being still and actually seeing

themselves. However, relying on others will only make matters worse. So you need to try to stay totally alone and see who you are, controlling the fear inside you. It will take a lot of nerve, but it is worth it. ① courage ② strategy ③ modesty ④ knowledge ⑤ responsibility 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 50 [10D]

Hobson’s choice means ___________________. How did this expression enter our language? Well, it all started back in the 16th century in Cambridge, England, where a man named Tobias Hobson ran a livery stable. He was a serious man who wouldn’t take any nonsense from the college kids when they came in to rent a horse from him. They’d come in and demand a horse of another color, a fast horse, or a horse that was best looking or smartest. Well, Mr. Hobson had other ideas. He told each customer that he must take the horse closest to the stable door. As the horse went out, Hobson would rotate the remaining horses, and the next customer would then again get the one by the door. Every renter was treated the same, and the students started calling the practice Hobson’s choice, meaning that no matter what they wanted they were given the horse that Mr. Hobson wanted to rent.

*livery stable: 말을 빌려 주는 곳 [3점]

① no choice at all ② a free choice

③ a difficult choice ④ a good choice

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[10D]

Once consumers begin to increase their spending thanks to salary growth, firms experience a stronger demand for their products and may begin to hire more employees to accommodate that increased demand. They may also need to expand their operations, which results in increased demand for supplies, construction services, and materials. Then, the construction firms may have to hire more workers to accommodate the increased demand for construction. As more jobs are created, the general income level of consumers rises, allowing them to spend more money. In addition, investors who invested in businesses tend to earn a higher return on their investment when the economy is strong, and they may spend much or all of that return on products and services. This explanation shows that, as Gleason said, “_________________.” [3점] ① Prices are changed by customers

② Businesses are motivated by profits ③ The economy is like a chain reaction ④ Customers create demand and supply ⑤ Investment comes before extra income

[10V]

If you look at great historical leaders such as Winston Churchill or Mahatma Gandhi, you might notice more differences than similarities, and it is the differences that led to their success. Both men knew their own strengths and used them wisely. Churchill’s bold and commanding leadership succeeded in uniting his people. It is unlikely that he would have had as much success if he had tried to imitate Gandhi’s calm and quiet approach. Yet Gandhi’s leadership during India’s struggle for independence was much more effective because he did not try to follow the dominating leaders of the past. Just like these great men, we all lead in very different ways, based on our talents and our limitations. So it is almost impossible for you to lead effectively without ____________________.

① the sacrifice of yourself ② the consent of all members ③ the awareness of your strengths ④ the expression of your emotions ⑤ the friendly relationship with others

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[10V]

Few things inspire as much universal frustration as lengthy wait times. Many of us even struggle to wait for a leisurely web browser to load. According to computer scientist Ramesh Sitaraman, Internet users may be __________________. His research has found that we’re willing to be tolerant, on average, for two seconds while waiting for an online video to load. “After five seconds, the abandonment rate is 25 percent,” Sitaraman told. “When you get to 10 seconds, half are gone.” Then why do we hate waiting so much? According to M.I.T. operations researcher Richard Larson, occupied time feels shorter than unoccupied time, so when we’re standing in a long line or in a doctor’s office waiting room, time does feel as if it’s dragging on. Waiting can provoke stress and anxiety, and in turn, anxiety also makes waits seem longer. [3점]

① a major consumer of data ② now active on social media ③ a particularly impatient group ④ a source of numerous information ⑤ concerned about their online privacy

[10V]

Why are so many smart, ambitious professionals less productive and satisfied than they could be? It’s often because they ____________________. They don’t like to look incapable. So they stick to the very tasks they’re good at, even while the rest of the organization may be passing them by. They tend to shy away from assignments that will truly test them and require them to learn new skills. They have successful images to preserve, so instead of embracing risks, they lock themselves into routines, at the expense of personal growth. And when they do find themselves in over their head, they’re unwilling to admit it and refuse to ask for the help they need. In short, they’d rather do the wrong thing well than do the right thing poorly. They get stuck in this unproductive pattern and can’t get out of it. [3점]

① haven’t experienced any type of success ② don’t know how to give up their ambition ③ tend to work alone instead of doing together ④ are afraid to demonstrate any sign of weakness ⑤ prefer to take risks rather than lead a stable life

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[10U]

Sometimes an expert has to make a decision quickly when he doesn’t have all the information at hand. In his book, Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking, Malcolm Gladwell describes how experts can make spontaneous decisions that can be better than well-thought-out ones, citing the example of a firefighter who answered a routine call. When his men’s efforts to extinguish the fire failed, the lieutenant realized that something was wrong and ordered his team to get out of the building. A few moments later, the space where they had been standing collapsed. The fire had been under the floor, not in the room itself. When asked how he knew, the fireman couldn’t

immediately explain. Had he stopped to analyze the situation, he and his men would have been killed. Instead, he relied on his _____________ to tell him what to do. 〔3점〕

① staff ② instinct ③ gadget

④ analysis ⑤ memory

[10U]

Although it’s certainly possible to teach a three-year-old basic academic skills, there is no reason to believe that such instruction will

______________________. In fact, study after study confirms that the early gains achieved by such instruction have disappeared by the third grade. Another research suggests that premature reading instruction can even contribute to later learning disabilities as well as a lack of interest in reading. Most children are ready to begin learning to read by the first grade. Until then, I recommend that parents seek out preschool and daycare programs that give children ample opportunity to strengthen social, motor, and creative skills. The best preschool reading program consists of parents who spend a significant amount of time reading to their preschoolers.〔3점〕

① have lasting benefits

② interfere with mutual relationship ③ distract children from misbehavior ④ affect children’s emotion negatively ⑤ stimulate children’s moral judgment

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[10U]

Kids should be taught to ___________________. Take time to ask kids how they feel, and help them be specific, so they can go from vague emotional descriptors like “fine” and “bad” to more precise ones like “disappointed,” “anxious,” “jealous,” and “excited.” One reason kids often don’t express the complexity of a particular emotion is that they haven’t yet learned to think about their feelings in a sophisticated way that helps them recognize the variety and richness within the feelings. As a result, they don’t use a full spectrum of emotions in their responses, and instead paint their emotional pictures primarily in black and white. Ideally, we want our kids to recognize that there’s a colorful rainbow of rich emotions within them, and to pay attention to these different possibilities.

① stand on their own feet ② examine their feelings in detail ③ recognize their natural talents ④ respect the opinions of others

⑤ describe other people in colorful detail

오.[11경기도]

In the not-too-distant future, everyday objects such as shoes, carpets, and toothbrushes will contain technology that collects information. You will then be able to personalize these objects, allowing them to change physical state like color or respond to your daily mood. They will also be able to exchange data with other objects and send information to other people. For example, your toothbrush will be capable of analyzing your breath and booking an appointment with your doctor if it detects the smell of lung cancer. In other words, what were once just ordinary objects will be increasingly _______________________. Manufacturers will use the information generated by these smart products to sell you other services or enhance your “ownership experience.” [3점] ① changeable and dangerous

② sustainable and affordable ③ networked and intelligent ④ insecure and meaningless ⑤ complicated and isolated

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오.[11경기도]

When you ask people to rank the days of the week in order of preference, Friday is ranked higher than Sunday, although Friday is a workday and Sunday is not. Would people rather work than play? Not quite. Then, why do people prefer Friday to Sunday? The reason is that Friday brings promise ― the promise of the weekend ahead and all the activities we have planned. Sunday, while a day of rest, does not bring with it the joy of anticipation. To the contrary, although we may be having a picnic in the park or walking around town, these delightful activities are damaged by the anticipation of the full workweek ahead. Whether good or bad, our emotional state is determined

both by feelings that are triggered by the world at present and those generated by

___________________________________. [3점] ① our expectations of the future

② the sensitivity to others’ opinions ③ the belief in our ability to succeed ④ our preference for social activities ⑤ interactions with other human beings

오.[11경기도]

One of the reasons I’ve collected a large library of books over the years is because books are a great go-to resource. Other than having a conversation with someone who has accomplished what you hope to achieve, in my experience books and published works offer the most in terms of

documented research and role models for success. The Internet has quickly become an invaluable tool as well. Whether offline or online, you’re trying to find people who have already gone down the road you’re traveling, so you can research, model, and benchmark their experience. A college professor once told me, “Gary, you’re smart, but people have lived before you. You’re not the first person to dream big, so you’d be wise to

___________________________________, and then build your actions on the back of their lessons.” [3점]

① study what others have learned first ② attempt what others think impossible ③ find where your social networking starts ④ judge who would be given an opportunity ⑤ understand why people have small dreams

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[정답 및 해설]  1 [해석] 모든 사람은 개가 훌륭한 애완동물이 된다고 알고 있다. 그러나 많은 개는 또한 다양한 임무를 가지고 있다. 예를 들어 어떤 개는 경찰에 의 해 사용된다. 자주 이런 개는 곤경에 처한 사람을 돕거나 길을 잃은 사람을 찾아낸다. 또 다른 개는 공항에서 일한다. 그런 개는 사람들이 다 른 나라로부터 들여와서는 안 되는 식물, 식품 등을 냄새로 찾아낸다. 개의 도움으로 이런 것들은 발각이 되고 국내로 절대 들어오지 못한 다. 몇몇 다른 개는 사람이 해충으로부터 집을 안전하게 지키는 데 도움을 준다. 개가 예민한 코로 곤충의 서식처를 찾아내면, 사람들은 그 곤충과 곤충의 서식처를 제거할 수 있다. [어휘] harmful 해로운 nest (곤충, 물고기 따위의) 서식처 sharp (감각이) 예민한 remove 제거하다, 없애다 [해설] 개의 다양한 역할에 관한 글이다. 경찰견, 공항 수색견, 해충 탐지견에 대한 예시를 포괄할 수 있는 것은 ① ‘임무’이다. ② 적 ③ 이력 ④ 습관 ⑤ 기억 [정답] ① 2 [해석] 오늘날, 3D 프린트 기술은 회사와 대학에서만 사용되지만, 이제 가격은 더 낮아지고 질은 더 좋아지고 있다. 모든 가정이 미래에 3D 프린 터를 보유하는 것을 상상해 볼 수 있다. 3D 프린트 기술은 복제할 원래의 물건을 필요로 하지 않는다는 점에 주목하라. 즉, 그 물체를 정확 하게 묘사하는 한, 어떤 그림이라도 충분할 것이다. 머지않아 누구나 적절한 디자인을 만들어 내는 가정용 스케치 도구를 사용할 수 있고, 그 다음에는 가정용 프린터가 진짜 물건을 만들어낼 수 있을 것이다. 그릴 수 있으면 만들 수 있다. 예를 들어 손님을 위한 정찬용 접시가 충 분하지 않다면, 스케치로부터 실제 접시 몇 개를 ‘출력(제작)’할 수 있다. [어휘] note 주목하다 object 물건 as long as ~하는 한 describe 묘사하다 precisely 정확하게 [해설] 정확하게 물건을 스케치하면 3D 프린트 기술에 의해 실제로 물건을 만들어낼 수 있을 것이라는 내용이므로 빈칸에는 ③ ‘그리다’가 가장 적

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3 [해석] 내가 아는 어떤 십 대는 지역 학교 시스템에 의해 이제까지 기록된 가장 높은 지능 지수를 가진 아이였는데, 어느 여름 이웃의 지붕을 다시 칠했다. 그는 페인트 통과 롤러를 가지고 올라가서 칠하기 시작했는데, (지붕의) 맨 아래부터 꼭대기 방향이었다. 지붕의 가장 높은 지점에 이르렀을 때, 그는 곤경에 처한 것을 알았다. 내려오는 도중에 그는 갓 칠한 페인트에 미끄러져 지붕에서 떨어져서 다리가 부러졌다. 그는 수학과 읽기를 아주 잘 했지만 꼭대기부터 시작한다는 생각을 떠올릴 수 없었다. 때로는 상식과 실용적 노하우가 지적 능력보다 더 쓸모가 있다. [어휘] bucket 통, 양동이 slip 미끄러지다 common sense 상식 intellectual 지적인 [해설] 지능 지수가 아주 높고 수학과 읽기를 잘하는 아이가 아래쪽부터 위쪽으로 칠해가는 실수를 했다는 이야기이므로, 빈칸에 들어갈 말로는 ③ ‘지적 능력’이 가장 적절하다. ① 사교 기술 ② 강한 자신감 ④ 체력 ⑤ 어린 시절의 꿈 [정답] ③ 4 [해석] Tom은 프로 농구 선수였다. 그는 자신의 마지막 결승전 경기에서 실수를 저질러서 팀이 경기에서 지게 되었다. 은퇴 후 수년 동안 그는 그 실수에 대해 계속 생각했다. 사람들이 “왜 늘 우울해요?”라고 물어보았을 때, 그는 “그런 실수를 저지르다니 저는 바보였어요. 제가 어떻게 다른 기분일 수 있겠어요?”라고 대답했다. 사람들이 그에게 바로 자신의 생각 때문에 우울한 것이라고 말해도, 그는 “아닙니다. 저는 실수에 대해 생각하고 있기 때문이 아니라 실수를 저질렀기 때문에 우울한 거예요. 사실 저는 그 실수에 대해 생각을 거의 안 해요.”라고 말하곤 했 다. Tom은 자신의 생각을 자신이 겪고 있는 고통의 원인으로 보지 않았다. [어휘] retirement 은퇴 depress 우울하게 하다 suffering 고통 evidence 증거 [해설]

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5 [해석] 인간관계에서 발전시킬 수 있는 가장 중요한 기술 중 하나는 다른 사람의 관점에서 사물을 보는 능력이다. 그것은 고객을 만족시키고, 결혼 생활을 유지하고, 아이들을 키우는 비결 중 하나이다. 인간의 모든 상호작용은 자신이 다른 사람의 입장이 되어 보는 능력에 의해 향상된다. 어떻게 그렇게 할 것인가? 자신과, 자신만의 이익과, 그리고 자신만의 세계를 넘어서서 바라보라. 다른 사람의 과거를 고려하여 어떤 문제 를 검토하고 다른 사람들의 흥미와 관심사를 발견하려 노력할 때, 다른 사람들이 보는 것을 보기 시작한다. 그리고 그것은 강력한 것이다. [어휘] maintain 유지하다 interaction 상호작용 improve 향상시키다

put oneself in another person’s shoes 다른 사람의 입장이 되어보다 in the light of ~을 고려하여 [해설] 다른 사람의 입장에서 생각하는 능력이 중요하다는 내용의 글이므로, 빈칸에는 ⑤ ‘다른 사람의 관점에서 사물을 보는’이 들어가는 것이 가 장 적절하다. ① 오래된 것을 새롭게 만드는 ② 다른 사람들의 실수를 용서하는 ③ 자신이 정말 원하는 것이 무엇인지 아는 ④ 자신의 감정을 정직하게 표현하는 [정답] ⑤ 6 [해석] 내 아들 Tony가 어렸을 때 나는 크리스마스에 어린이용 모형 자동차를 구입했다. Tony가 상자를 열었을 때, 나는 좀 어려운 사용법 설명서 를 확인했고 Tony가 이 새 장난감을 조립하는 법을 이해하기에는 너무 어리다고 생각했다. 그래서 나는 즉시 내 지혜와 기술을 이용해서 그 일을 더 빨리 해낼 수 있다고 결론 내렸다. 내가 그 일을 시작했을 때 내 아내가 뒷문으로 와서 자동차를 보았고 내게 아주 귀중한 충고를 해 주었다. “여보, 당신은 Tony가 어려워 보이는 활동을 피하기를 바라지 않지요. 그 애는 다른 사람들의 도움이 필요 없이 혼자서 일할 수 있 어야 해요. 우리는 정말로 그가 독립적이 되도록 가르칠 필요가 있어요.”그녀의 충고는 단순했지만 아주 진실한 것이었다. [어휘] . model car 모형 자동차 . instruction 사용법 설명서 (pl.) . figure out ~을 이해하다 . put together 조립하다 . immediately 즉시

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7 [해석] 수컷 큰가시고기는 알을 위해 둥지를 짓는다. 그것은 수초와 막대기로 둥지를 짓는다. 그것은 통 모양으로 둥지를 만들고 둥지를 붙이기 위 해 자신의 몸으로부터 실처럼 생긴 물질을 사용한다. 둥지가 준비될 때 암컷이 온다. 일단 암컷 큰가시고기의 알을 낳는 일이 끝나면 그것은 둥지로 돌아오지도 않고 새끼를 다시 보지 않는다. 그러나 수컷 큰가시고기는 할 일이 더 많다. 둥지를 짓는 것 이외에도 그가 하는 일은 알 들을 보살피는 것이다. 2주 동안 수컷은 둥지를 맹렬하게 지킨다. 그것은 지느러미로 부채질해서 산소로 가득 찬 물을 터널 속으로 넣고 그 의 둥지에 있는 손상은 어떤 것이든지 수리한다. 이 둥지를 보호하는 것은 전일제 일이어서 그것은 둥지를 떠나지 않는다. 다른 바다 동물이 새끼 큰가시고기를 먹으려고 하면 그것들과 싸운다. 그것은 새끼들이 스스로를 돌볼 때까지 새끼를 안전하게 한다. 수컷 큰가시고기는 좋은 아비이다. [어휘] . stickleback 큰가시고기 . barrel (목재·금속으로 된 대형) 통 . glue 접착제로 붙이다 . fiercely 맹렬하게 . fan 부채질하다 . fin 지느러미 [해설] 암컷 큰가시고기가 아니라 수컷 큰가시고기가 새끼를 돌보는 데 헌신하므로 ① a good father를 답으로 찾을 수 있다. [정답] ① 8 [해석] 창의적인 사고는 일이다. 모든 창의적인 천재들은 새롭고 다른 아이디어를 만들어 내는 과정에 몰두하기 위해서 열정과 결단력을 가져야 한 다. 그들은 열정적으로 일하고 엄청난 숫자의 아이디어를 만들어 낸다. Thomas Edison는 그가 실용성이 있다고 평가하기 전에 조명 체계 를 위해 3,000개의 다른 아이디어를 만들어 냈다. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart는 41개의 교향곡과 약 40여 개의 오페라와 미사를 포함 하여 600개 이상의 음악 작품을 만들었다. Rembrandt는 약 650개의 채색화와 2,000개의 소묘를 그렸고, Picasso는 20,000개 이상의 작품을 제작했다. 이런 예들은 창의적인 천재들이 높은 생산력을 가지고 있다는 것을 보여 준다. [어휘] . evaluate 평가하다 . practicality 실용성 . productivity 생산성