Human beings do not enter the world as competent moral agents. Nor does everyone leave the world in that state. But somewhere in between, most people acquire a bit of decency that qualifies them for membership in the community of moral agents. Genes,
development, and learning all contribute to the process of becoming a decent human being. The interaction between nature and nurture is, however, highly complex, and developmental biologists are only just beginning to grasp just how complex it is. Without the context provided by cells, organisms, social groups, and culture, DNA is inert. Anyone who says that people are “genetically programmed” to be moral has an oversimplified view of how genes work. Genes and environment interact in ways that make it nonsensical to think that the process of moral development in children, or any other
developmental process, can be discussed in terms of nature versus nurture. Developmental biologists now know that it is really both, or nature through nurture. A complete scientific explanation of moral evolution and development in the human species is a very long way off. ① evolution of human morality from a cultural perspective
② difficulties in studying the evolutionary process of genes
③ increasing necessity of educating children as moral agents
developmental biology
⑤ complicated gene-environment interplay in moral development A. Vocabulary 1. 모르는 단어 밑줄 긋고 문맥상 추론해서 써보기 2. 원래 알고 있던 의미와 다르게 쓰인 단어 찾기 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 3. 글의 흐름상 같은 의미가 반복되는 단어 찾기 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ B. 정답근거 1. Keyword 및 주제문 찾기 2. 글의 순서 연결 고리 찾기 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ C. Question 1. 이 지문에서 내용 이해가 안 되는 부분 2. 분석이 잘 안 되는 부분 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________
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EX1 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Our addiction to criticizing others is a huge block to effectively giving feedback. When we criticize, even if we choose our words with care, we are likely to assign others to a specific, potentially harmful, status. We are likely to assign others, for instance, to the status of being “wrong.” No one likes to be labeled “wrong.” Most people get defensive when they are labeled, even when sure they are not “wrong.” And what’s more important, defensive people block messages. Unless you are trying not to be understood, then, criticism is not an effective communication strategy. And it doesn’t help to call it “constructive” either. Saying something like, “I’m telling you this for your own development, your design is all wrong” isn’t going to produce positive results. Criticism is criticism. It blocks understanding.
① importance of accepting other people’s feelings ② criticism as a barrier to effective communication ③ key components of providing constructive criticism
④ factors influencing responsiveness to peer feedback
⑤ need for including constructive criticism in feedback A. Vocabulary 1. 모르는 단어 밑줄 긋고 문맥상 추론해서 써보기 2. 원래 알고 있던 의미와 다르게 쓰인 단어 찾기 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 3. 글의 흐름상 같은 의미가 반복되는 단어 찾기 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ B. 정답근거 1. Keyword 및 주제문 찾기 2. 글의 순서 연결 고리 찾기 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ C. Question 1. 이 지문에서 내용 이해가 안 되는 부분 2. 분석이 잘 안 되는 부분 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________
The competitive arena is, by its very nature, difficult, unpredictable, and uncontrollable. Despite their best efforts, athletes can never prepare for every eventuality that may occur in competition or control everything that may influence their performances. Routines offer a structure within which to prepare for
performance and the flexibility to adjust to the uncertain nature of competition. Because routines are not inviolate, but rather provide a guide for athletes to follow, they can also be readily altered to fit the demands of a unique or unexpected competitive environment.
Unforeseen changes in the competitive setting, such as weather, unexpected opponents, late arrival, insufficient warm-up space, and broken or lost equipment, can have a disturbing and disruptive effect on athletes before a
competition. Athletes often perform below expectations because they are unable to respond appropriately to these occurrences or become unsettled mentally (e.g., lose
motivation or confidence, get distracted, or experience anxiety). Athletes with well-organized yet flexible routines will be better able to respond positively to these challenges, keep calm, and maintain a high level of
performance.
* eventuality 만일의 사태 ** inviolate 어길 수 없는
② the role of training in preparing for a competition ③ the difficulty of developing effective sport routines
④ the reasons athletes should have high expectations
⑤ the effects of sports participation on social adjustment A. Vocabulary 1. 모르는 단어 밑줄 긋고 문맥상 추론해서 써보기 2. 원래 알고 있던 의미와 다르게 쓰인 단어 찾기 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 3. 글의 흐름상 같은 의미가 반복되는 단어 찾기 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ B. 정답근거 1. Keyword 및 주제문 찾기 2. 글의 순서 연결 고리 찾기 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ C. Question 1. 이 지문에서 내용 이해가 안 되는 부분 2. 분석이 잘 안 되는 부분 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________
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EX3 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
We tend to think of myths as rather silly old stories about the adventures and
misadventures of gods, warriors, and demons, invented by primitive people to explain a world they could not understand in our modern, scientific sense. But it is a mistake to dismiss these stories as trivial and old-fashioned, with no more important meaning for humanity. Scholars such as Joseph Campbell and
Claude Lévi-Strauss have shown that common themes in myths from many diverse cultures speak to us about the universal concerns of all people and about ways of thought that all humans share. As we move increasingly toward a unified world — a global village, as it has been called — it is important to see how much basic human nature we all share. The systematic study of mythology reveals important points about the human psyche, about universal human motivations, fears and thought patterns.
① the most common mythological themes across cultures
② the fundamental traits of human nature and psychology
③ the importance of studying myths to understand human nature
④ the difference between mythological stories and historical facts
⑤ the complexity and difficulty of scientific inquiry into mythology A. Vocabulary 1. 모르는 단어 밑줄 긋고 문맥상 추론해서 써보기 2. 원래 알고 있던 의미와 다르게 쓰인 단어 찾기 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 3. 글의 흐름상 같은 의미가 반복되는 단어 찾기 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ B. 정답근거 1. Keyword 및 주제문 찾기 2. 글의 순서 연결 고리 찾기 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ C. Question 1. 이 지문에서 내용 이해가 안 되는 부분 2. 분석이 잘 안 되는 부분 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________
When we think of medieval Europe, there is a tendency to think primarily in terms of what is visible today: the buildings and cathedrals, the literature and the scholastic philosophy. Yet what is of equal importance, particularly from the standpoint of the rise of modern science, is the fact that medieval culture was a
mechanically sophisticated culture, even if little remains today of their machines. For example, Albertus Magnus, the teacher of Aquinas, is rumored to have had a robot in his laboratory that could raise a hand and give a greeting. The story is no doubt apocryphal, but there was in any case a great interest in machines, even if science itself was primitive and qualitative. What is clear is that the spread of mechanical clock technology was underway by the beginning of the fourteenth century. It is also clear that there was a multiplicity of machines at this time with clockwork
mechanisms, ranging from monastic alarms, musical machines, and astronomical
simulators to striking clocks.
* apocryphal 출처가 의심스러운 ** monastic 수도원의 ① different factors that led to the rise of medieval Europe
② positive influences of medieval philosophy on architecture
③ common problems of religious societies of the Middle Ages
medieval Europe
⑤ popular reasons people in the Middle Ages disliked technology A. Vocabulary 1. 모르는 단어 밑줄 긋고 문맥상 추론해서 써보기 2. 원래 알고 있던 의미와 다르게 쓰인 단어 찾기 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 3. 글의 흐름상 같은 의미가 반복되는 단어 찾기 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ B. 정답근거 1. Keyword 및 주제문 찾기 2. 글의 순서 연결 고리 찾기 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ C. Question 1. 이 지문에서 내용 이해가 안 되는 부분 2. 분석이 잘 안 되는 부분 _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________
