□ 농촌지역개발은 현재 베트남 정부가 당면한 가장 중요한 국가 정책 중의 하 나임.
○ 따라서 농림부가 지원한 베트남 농촌 지역개발 계획 수립 능력 향상 컨설 팅 지원사업은 베트남이 가장 시급하게 추구하는 사업 중에서도 핵심적인 사업인 베트남 농촌 지역개발에 관한 시범사업이기 때문에 베트남 측의 수 요에 의해서 베트남 정부의 재정으로 지속적으로 추진될 것이 확실함.
○ 뿐만 아니라 이 사업을 통하여 훈련 받은 NIAPP의 연구진은 베트남 정부
의 농촌개발 정책 추진에 필요한 핵심적인 인력으로 활용될 것임. 베트남 농촌개발 정책 추진 과정에서 담당할 이들의 역할은 다음과 같음.
- 베트남 정부가 추진하는 농촌 개발 정책 추진 가이드라인 작성
- 베트남 지방 정부가 추진하는 농촌 개발 시책에 대한 자문 활동 전개 - 베트남 정부의 종합적인 농촌 개발 계획 수립 및 평가 담당
- 베트남 농촌개발 실시 결과에 대한 모니터링 담당
□ 이와 같은 사업의 성과를 감안할 때 이 사업의 후속 사업으로 시범사업이 효과적으로 추진될 수 있도록 농림부의 지속적인 지원이 요청됨.
부록1 베트남정부의 사업제안서 부록2 사업 추진을 위한 MOU 체결 부록3 가구조사표
부록4 교육훈련 부록5 워크숍 개최
부록6 사업추진 관련 홍보자료
부록7 사업추진 관련 사진자료
베트남정부의 사업제안서
SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT PROPOSAL ON CONSULTING SERVICE IN
COMMUNITY BASED RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM
Ha Noi, September 2006
3Project Proposal on Community Based Rural Development proposed by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development,
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Title: Consulting for Piloting Model of Korean New Village Movement (Saemaul Undong) in Rural Development in Vietnam
1. Background of the project
Vietnam has been changing, with the implementation of "Reform"policy for 20 years, agriculture and rural sector have changed significantly, from a country of severe shortage of food to a country of big export of many agricultural products. Living conditions of the rural people have been improved considerably. Infrastructure system with road, irrigation scheme, electricity and so on has reached most of the communes in the country. It should be empha-sized, however, that development of the rural sector is not sustainable, it is lag-ging behind development of other sectors and rural development should either be focused qualitative or quantitative aspects. Rural people' income is much lower than that of the urban people and the income gap is widening.
Recognizing problems existing in rural development, Vietnam government has paid high attention in supporting rural development. Besides issuing many poli-cies for supporting development of rural sector, the Vietnamese government through the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) are also
looking for approaches that can mobilize rural people to take part actively in their own development. To date, several approaches have been using in rural development in general and in community-based development in special, these approaches have similarity as using bottom-up mechanism instead of using top-down mechanism as in the previous time. Although these approaches have resulted in positive effects in the rural development works, but some of them still have limitations such as too much dependent on the outside supports, high cost for participation, running within donor-funded projects only, etc. Therefore, looking for and piloting new and appropriate approaches in rural development are still very necessary for MARD.
Among such rural development approaches, the Korean new village movement (Saemaul Undong) model (SU Model, hereinafter) indicates promising perspective for the persuasive reasons that SU Model has been applied into Vietnam in 2 provinces, Thai Nguyen and Quang Tri, during 2001-2003, via the implementation of the MARD's National Institute of Agricultural Planning and Projection (NIAPP), of which Quang Tri has been considered as successful manner in terms of participatory mobilization and small-scale rural infrastructure development.
Being recognized by international community as a very successful model of com-munity-based rural development, Saemaul Undong is also receiving very high attention from MARD as the most promising approach in the community-based rural development in Vietnam. The present situation in Vietnam rural area is sim-ilar with that in Korea rural area in 1970s when Korea started launching Saemaul Undong. MARD also see a very positive point as Saemaul Undong is not only for infrastructure development, but also for spiritual development that will help village people in building up capacity of working together, and in turn, leading to a sustainable rural and community development in the long run. And for doing
it, it has advantages as villages in Vietnam have had efficient social organizations working by village people for developing themselves too.
Up to now, there are two issues in question of MARD's policy-makers and leaders that the ability of scaling up the SU Model in Vietnam and integrating this model into the common national development of the Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy (CPRGS).
With current situation of Vietnam rural society meeting pre-requisites for apply-ing Saemaul Undong, and with strong commitment of MARD in lookapply-ing for ap-proaches and models that help rural people to alleviate rural poverty and rural development, so the help of Korea Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) to MARD in piloting Korean Saemaul Undong is very necessary and it will be highly appreciated.
2. Main project purpose:
Consulting for preparing and scaling up a Saemaul Undong pilot project in Vietnam and a financial autonomous manner in rural development in the long run.
3. Project Objectives:
ConsultingNIAPP staff for buildingthe capacity of Saemaul Undong method-ology
4. Responsible organizations:
There are two agencies from Vietnam and Korea proposed to take part into the
project's implementation, they are:
a) on the Vietnamese side: National Institutefor Agricultural Planning and Projection (NIAPP), and
b) on the Korean side:Korea Rural Economic Institute (KREI).
5. Work description of the consultant:
a) Training NIAPP staffgetting Saemaul Undong methodology b) Consulting pilot communityandsurvey
c) Consulting project action plan formulation
6. Final product:
A Saemaul Undong Action plan for pilot communities to be formulated that will be taken into consideration for implementation with support from the Government of Vietnam and requesting technical and financial assistance from the Government of Korea.
7. Implication of the project
The action plan will be used for launching a Saemaul Undong pilot project in Vietnam.
8. Contribution from Vietnamese side:
a) Provide office, interpreter, and internal transportation means
b) Form a research team for field survey and action plan formulation c) Provide necessary budget to the NIAPP staff for field survey and action
plan formulation
9. Contribution from Korean side
a) dispatching consultant (3 man months)
10. Project period
The project period is expected to be 5 months, from October 2006 to February 2007.
11.Tentative time schedule:
� Signing MOU between NIAPP and KREI on cooperation: October 2006
� Establish a research team from NIAPP for community analysis and for-mulation of action plan: October 2006
� Dispatching Korean consultant: 3 man, 3 months during 01 November, 2006~28 February, 2007.
� Training NIAPP staff by Korean consultant for getting Saemaul Undong methodology: 06 - 17 November 2006
� Selection of pilot communities by NIAPP research team with advices from Korean consultant: 10 - 17 November 2006.
� Conducting fieldsurvey for identifying community problems, development needs: 20 November to 20 December 2006
� Formulating action plan: 10 - 30 December 2006
� Finalizing action planand proposing an approach and integration with CPRGS: 02 January and 15 February 2007
� Submit the report to the MARD and Korean Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) (February 2007)
The time schedule and responsibilities are presented in the following table
No Activity 2006 2007 Responsible
agency/person
Re- marks Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
1 S gning MOU ** NIAPP and KREI
2 Forming research team *** NIAPP
3 Dispatching Consultant
(3 man months) ***** ***** ***** **** KREI
4 Training NIAPP staff * ** Korean consultant 5 Selecting pilot community *** Consultant and NIAPP
team
6 Conducting field survey ** **** Consultant and NIAPP team
7 Formulating action plan *** Consultant and NIAPP team
8 Finalizing action plan ***** **** Consultant and NIAPP team
9 Submitting report ** NIAPP team
사업 추진을 위한 MOU 체결
가구조사표
Household Survey Form
This survey form is design to collect primary socio‐economic data for a bench mark study in connection with the project on “Community Based Rural Development in Vietnam”.
The data collected by this survey are strictly confidential and shall not be open to the public of published in any way. The data should only be used for produc-ing socio‐economic indicators of the pilot communities for the purpose of the project.
Interviewer:
Date of interview:
Name of village:
National Institute for Agricultural Planning and Projection
1. Family Status
1 Mr Canh Self 45 n/a Buddhist Thai 9 Yes/ No ‐ Taxi driver 2,550,500
VND
4 Mr Doan Son 18 n/a Buddhist Thai 12 Yes/ No Education Student 0
1 Yes/ No
2. land allocation and productivity
How many hectares were irrigated and how much was the productivity of the various crops? How much did you earn from the crops?
Crop Name of crop Area
3. Farm income and economic activities
3.1. What were your farm income sources in 2006 and how much was your in-come from each of these sources?
Livestock Cows Buffaloes Chickens Ducks Goats Pigs Others Number of animals
Income in 2006 (local currency)
Fisheries Fish Shrimps Crabs Shells Others
Income in 2006 (local currency)
Forestry Firewood Timber Animals Birds Fruits Vegetables Others Income in 2006
3.3 Did your family use any fertilizers and pesticides during 2006?
( ) b. Less than 6 months
5. Non‐farm income and economic activities
5.1 Did your family have any income from non‐farm activities in 2006?
5.2 Does your family sell any non‐farm produce?
( ) b. No
( ) d. Less than 1 hour
9.4 What materials are the walls of your family house made off? Tick all
10. Living environment
10.1 Please indicate whether your family house has the following facilities.
Equipped
( ) a. River/ stream
Walls Roof Kitchen Toilet Bathroom Well Water pump
( ) b. The installation costs are too high
11.2 Do(es) your child(ren) have any health related concerns?
11.6 Is there a village nurse in your community?
11.9 Do you seek medical care and advise when women in your family are
Km Time Satisfied Not the minimum compulsory education?
( ) a. Yes
12.3.1 If yes, in which area(s)? Tick all that apply
13. Social groups and community solidarity
13.1 Are you a member of formal or informal social groups?
( ) b. Strong
15. Development needs
15.1.1 Please rank according to priority.
1st priority ……….
2nd priority ……….
3rd priority ……….
15.2 What improvements are required for community development?
Please check three and rank their priority.
15.2.1 Please rank according to priority.
1st priority ……….
2nd priority ……….
3rd priority ……….
15.3 In your opinion, what are the most important development needs of your community?
………
………
……….
15.4 Is there any constraining factor preventing the development of your community?
( ) a. Yes ( ) b. No
15.4.1 If yes, please indicate as many factors as you can think of.
1. ………
2. ………
3. ………
4. ………
5. v
6. ………
Thank you very much for your cooperation.
교육훈련
1. 프로그램
일 정 프로그램 내용 및 담당
12. 18(월)
- 교육훈련 개회식 (NIAPP) - Why Saemaul Undong? (정기환)
- Theoretical Frame of Saemaul Undong (정기환)
12. 19(화)
- Community Analysis and Identifying Development Needs (정기환) - Participatory Mapping (정기환)
- Group Discussion (정기환, 박경철)
12. 20(수) - Formulation of Action Plan (정기환) - Formulation of Action Plan (정기환)
12. 21(목) - Group Discussion (정기환, 허장, 박경철) - Presentation (허장, 박경철)
12. 22(금) - Project Management (정기환, 허장) - 폐회
2. 교재
Community Based Rural Development
Saemaul Undong Methodology
<Contents>
Chapter 1: Why Saemaul Undong?
1. Why Saemaul Undong?
2. The Short History of Saemaul Undong Chapter 2: Theoretical Frame of Saemaul Undong 1. Definition
2. Goals 3. Strategies
4. Organizational Mechanism
Chapter 3: Community Analysis and Development Needs 1. The Community: A Definition
Chapter 4: Participatory Mapping 1. Why Participatory Mapping 2. Mapping Method
3. Mapping for Community Development Ideas Chapter 5: Action Plan formulation
1. Action Plan
2. Action Plan Formulation
Chapter 6: Project Approval and Implementation 1. Project Approval
2. Project Implementation
Chapter 7: Project Management and Evaluation 1. Project Management
2. Financial Management 3. Project evaluation
Chapter 1. Introduction
1. Why Saemaul Undong?
During the last 25 years, there has been a dramatic reduction of poverty in Asia.
This performance is mostly attributable to the economic development of China and India. However, the majority of world poor still live in Asia, and in partic-ular, the rural poor occupies some about 70 percent to the total poor in Asia.
According to the UN, more than a billion people still live on less than a dollar per day, lacking the means to stay alive in the face of chronic hunger, disease and environmental hazards (UN, 2005).
Although China and India achieved such a dramatic economic development, these countries face common problems: development disparity between the rural and urban sector and the mass of extreme poor in rural areas. Rural poverty and community development is not only the problem of China and India, but also a common problem of most developing countries in Asia. Therefore, the rural community development is an urgent and a critical issue not only to reduce de-velopment disparity between the rural and urban sector, but also to reduce rural poverty in developing countries in Asia.
Community development in rural areas is not newly emerging, but it has been a hot issue since the World War II. International Cooperation Administration and United Nations devoted great efforts for helping developing countries through Community Development Program with the technical and financial
assistance.
The community development(CD) program in the 1950s focused on improving the condition of healthcare, education, agriculture, and public administration.
The CD workers helped community people to organize themselves and in-troduced the concept of community development in the way of self‐help and cooperation. Under the intensive guidance of CD workers, the program achieved a remarkable success in many developing countries. However, the program could not put down roots successfully in Asia.
In 1971, Korea introduced a new model of rural community development, the‐
so‐called Saemaul Undong(SU). The literal translation of the Saemaul Undong in English is the ‘New Village Movement’. were urgent to improve agricultural production and to improve community life.
The next stage was to improve rural living environments such as improving the roof of house, kitchen, toilet, and income increasing projects such as introducing high yielding varieties for agricultural production, introducing cash crop and livestock were followed. Community people realized that SU is so beneficial for improving individual life and the community. Through this way, the SU induced people’s participation and mobilized people and local resources for community
development.
The SU was initiated by the idea of the late president of the Republic of Korea Park Chung Hee, and implemented through the government channel. The Ministry of Home Affairs launched the SU as a nation wide movement and provided sup-porting measures such as financial subsidy, technical advices and training.
By the end of 1982, the Saemaul Undong achieved remarkable results. From acces-sible by car, every village had electricity, and telecommunications systems were in place almost everywhere. Most rural villages installed pipe water systems, improved toilets, and launched income generation projects.
During this period, a total of 5.2 trillion won, the equivalent of US$ 7.2 billion dollars was invested in the Saemaul Undong project, with the government inves-ting 51.0 percent and local communities the other 49.0 percent.2 Accordingly, farm household income surpassed that of urban labor workers in 1978.
Why community people in rural areas participated so enthusiastically in the Saemaul Undong, and how were such noteworthy achievements realized? How was it possible to mobilize such huge local resources from community people for community development? International communities such as United Nations, World Bank, Asian Development Bank started to observe the Saemaul Undong
1 I would like to call this phase of the Saemaul Undong which was carried out from 1971-1982, when the main focus was on rural areas, the ‘Rural Saemaul Undong’.
After 1982, the Saemaul Undong was expanded to include urban areas, factories, and even corporations.
2 This amount of community investment excludesin kinand labor force contribution
and finally recognized the Saemaul Undong is one of the best practices on rural community development, which is replicable for rural community development in developing countries.
This guideline is designed to introduce the concept and the methodology of Saemaul Undong.
2. The Short History of Saemaul Undong
2.1. Background
Korea was one of the least developed countries in the world until the 1960s.
Korea had a war for three years, during 1950~1953, between the North and the South Korea, and the war destroyed lives, industrial facilities and even agricul-tural production bases. National economy in the 1950s focused on recovering the war‐torn economy, and was characterized by high population growth, high inflation and high unemployment. The annual inflation rate was around 22 per-cent, the domestic savings ratio was only about 4 percent while the investment ratio was 10 percent during 1954‐1961. The GNP growth rate in the same pe-riod was recorded at 4.4 percent per annum while the population growth rate was almost 3.0 percent during the period.
In 1961, the GNP per capita of Korea was only US$81. However, Korean econ-omy has changed dramatically since 1962, when the 1st 5‐Year Economic Development Plan launched. Korean economy achieved a high economic growth recording almost 8 percent of growth rate per annum during the 1960s and 1970s. This economic achievement was mainly attributable to the export‐ori-ented industrialization, which has been emphasized by the Korean government
through the periods.
Although the national economy grew fast, the rural sector was relatively under developed. As the export oriented industrial sector grew, urban living standards improved much faster than those in the rural sector, and modernized urban life was increasingly contrasted with pre‐modern rural life. Hence, since the mid-dle of 1960s, the development gap between the rural and urban sector became agricultural production was very low because of repeated natural disasters. Rural poverty was high in the early 1970s, recording almost 24 percent in absolute financial support to improve rural infrastructure and to create income generating activities. However, government finance was too weak to support those projects.
One summer day in 1971, after a heavy flooding, the late president Park Chung
vil-lages do not recover the damages of flooding by themselves as this village, but relies on government support. He continued to think that if other villages do the same way, rural villages in Korea must be developed in a relatively short period. Government could not provide all necessary finances and technical assis-tance for rural community to improve infrastructure. He had a strong belief that the self‐help and cooperation among community people are very important factors for community development, and government could support only when the community people would like to do something for themselves.
First, community people need some motivation to develop their community.
Because they are so poor, most of them have no hope for the future. Therefore,
Because they are so poor, most of them have no hope for the future. Therefore,