섭취량에서는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 남성은 여성에 비하여 가당 음료 (P <0.01), 알코올성 음료 (P <0.01) 및 100% 과일/채소 주스 (P <0.05)의 섭취가 유의적으로 많은 것으로 조사되었다 (표 29). 성별과 마찬가지로, 연령, 소득수준, 교육수준에 따라 물을 제외한 전체 음료 섭취량은 유의적인 차이를 보였다.
나이가 증가함에 따라 음료 섭취량은 감소하였으나 (표 29), 교육 및 소득수준이 증가할수록 음료 섭취량은 증가하는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다 (표 29). 하지만 평소 물 섭취량의 경우, 성별에 따른 결과와 마찬가지로, 연령, 소득수준, 교육수준에 따른 유의적인 차이가 발견되지 않았다.
표 27. Percent of people who consumed each beverages group according to sociodemographic characteristics1 Beverage groupTotalSex P-valueAge group P-value MenWomen19-29 y30-49 y50-64 y≥65 y % prevalence% prevalence n SSBs248.5 ± 0.5351.2 ± 0.746.0± 0.5<0.0001**447.9 ± 1.154.2 ± 0.743.9 ± 0.839.8 ± 0.9<0.0001** Alcoholic beverages20.9 ± 0.430.1 ± 0.612.0 ± 0.4<0.0001**18.8 ± 0.923.1 ± 0.622.8 ± 0.713.6 ± 0.6<0.0001** Milks25.7 ± 0.424.4 ± 0.627.0 ± 0.50.0001**32.3 ± 1.126.0 ± 0.623.3 ± 0.719.8 ± 0.7<0.0001** 100% fruit/vegetable juice5.2 ± 0.25.3 ± 0.35.1 ± 0.20.63286.6 ± 0.65.5 ± 0.34.9 ± 0.32.8 ± 0.3<0.0001** Unsweetened coffee/tea31.9 ± 0.632.0 ± 0.731.8 ± 0.60.776228.3 ± 1.135.1 ± 0.834.3 ± 0.922.3 ± 0.8<0.0001** Low/no calorie beverages0.1 ± 0.00.1 ± 0.00.1 ± 0.00.38390.3 ± 0.10.1 ± 0.0--0.0035** Total beverages excluding plain water82.0 ± 0.485.4 ± 0.578.6 ± 0.5<0.0001**82.6 ± 0.886.2 ± 0.581.2 ± 0.668.9 ± 0.8<0.0001** 1 Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines. 2 SSB, sugar-sweetenend beverage 3 Values represented mean ± standard errors. 4* P-values <0.05, ** P-value <0.01
표 27. Percent of people who consumed each beverages group according to sociodemographic characteristics (continued)1 Beverage group
Income P-value
Education level P-valueQ1 (Lowest)Q2Q3Q4 (highest)≤Elementary schoolMiddle schoolHigh school≥College % prevalence% prevalence n SSBs247.5 ± 0.948.6 ± 0.848.5 ± 0.849.5 ± 0.90.478239.3 ± 0.946.0 ± 1.249.4 ± 0.854.0 ± 0.8<0.0001** Alcoholic beverages20.5 ± 0.720.7 ± 0.721.6 ± 0.720.8 ± 0.70.694514.5 ± 0.624.1 ± 1.122.6 ± 0.621.7 ± 0.6<0.0001** Milks22.7 ± 0.826.5 ± 0.826.6 ± 0.827.2 ± 0.80.0001**18.3 ± 0.722.1 ± 1.026.2 ± 0.731.0 ± 0.8<0.0001** 100% fruit/ vegetable juice4.9 ± 0.45.0 ± 0.45.1 ± 0.46.0 ± 0.40.13833.4 ± 0.34.4 ± 0.55.4 ± 0.36.4 ± 0.4<0.0001** Unsweetened coffee/tea28.5 ± 0.830.8 ± 0.832.8 ± 0.935.6 ± 1.0<0.0001**22.8 ± 0.831.2 ± 1.232.5 ± 0.837.1 ± 0.9<0.0001** Low/no calorie beverages0.1 ± 0.1-0.1 ± 0.1-0.2136--0.1 ± 0.10.1 ± 0.0<0.0001** Total beverages excluding plain water79.3 ± 0.782.0 ± 0.683.2 ± 0.683.5 ± 0.7<0.0001**69.7 ± 0.881.0 ± 0.983.9 ± 0.587.5 ± 0.5<0.0001** Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines. SSB, sugar-sweetenend beverage alues represented mean ± standard errors. * P-values <0.05, ** P-value <0.01
표 28. Percent energy intake from beverages according to sociodemographic characteristics1 Beverage groupTotalSex P-valueAge group P-value MenWomen19-29 y30-49 y50-64 y≥65y % energy intake n SSBs23.0 ± 0.03.1 ± 0.12.9 ± 0.10.0038**3.5 ± 0.13.4 ± 0.12.4 ± 0.12.3 ± 0.1<0.0001** Alcoholic beverages3.6 ± 0.15.7 ± 0.11.6 ± 0.1<0.0001**3.5 ± 0.23.9 ± 0.14.1 ± 0.22.2 ± 0.1<0.0001** Milks2.3 ± 0.12.0 ± 0.12.6 ± 0.1<0.0001**3.3 ± 0.22.2 ± 0.12.0 ± 0.11.8 ± 0.1<0.0001** 100% fruit/vegetable juice0.3 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.13310.3 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.2 ± 0.00.0003* Unsweetened coffee/tea0.3 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.71050.4 ± 0.00.4 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.2 ± 0.0<0.0001** Low/no calorie beverages--- Total beverages excluding plain water9.5 ± 0.111.4 ± 0.17.8 ± 0.1<0.0001**11.0 ± 0.310.2 ± 0.19.0 ± 0.26.6 ± 0.2<0.0001** 1 Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines. 2 SSB, sugar-sweetenend beverage 3 Values represented mean ± standard errors. 4* P-values <0.05, ** P-value <0.01
표 28. Percent energy intake from beverages according to sociodemographic characteristics (continued)1 Beverage group
Income P-value
Education level P-value Q1 (Lowest)Q2Q3Q4 (highest)≤Elementary schoolMiddle schoolHigh school≥College % energy intake% energy intake n SSBs23.1 ± 0.13.1 ± 0.12.9 ± 0.13.0 ± 0.10.40002.3 ± 0.12.6 ± 0.13.2 ± 0.13.4 ± 0.1<0.0001** Alcoholic beverages3.8 ± 0.23.7 ± 0.23.7 ± 0.23.3 ± 0.10.13812.5 ± 0.14.4 ± 0.24.0 ± 0.13.5 ± 0.1<0.0001** Milks2.2 ± 0.12.2 ± 0.12.3 ± 0.12.4 ± 0.10.34421.7 ± 0.11.8 ± 0.12.4 ± 0.12.6 ± 0.1<0.0001** 100% fruit/vegetable juice0.3 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.46440.2 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.1004 Unsweetened coffee/tea0.3 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.4 ± 0.00.4 ± 0.00.39140.2 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.4 ± 0.00.4 ± 0.0<0.0001** Low/no calorie beverages0.0 ± 0.00.0 ± 0.00.0 ± 0.00.0 ± 0.00.57150.0 ± 0.00.0 ± 0.00.0 ± 0.00.0 ± 0.00.0245* Total beverages excluding plain water9.6 ± 0.29.6 ± 0.29.6 ± 0.29.4 ± 0.20.66717.0 ± 0.29.4 ± 0.310.4 ± 0.210.2 ± 0.2<0.0001** Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines. SSB, sugar-sweetenend beverage Values represented mean ± standard errors. * P-values <0.05, ** P-value <0.01
표 29. Amount of beverages consumed by Korean adults according to sociodemographic characteristics1 Beverage groupTotalSex P-valueAge group P-value MenWomen19-29 y30-49 y50-64 y≥65y Amount, mLAmount, mL n SSBs2139.2 ± 2.1163.6 ± 3.4115.4 ± 2.0<0.0001**160.9 ± 5.9162.7 ± 3.2110.3 ± 2.989.4 ± 2.5<0.0001** Alcoholic beverages117.2 ± 2.9184.7 ± 5.251.7 ± 2.2<0.0001**124.2 ± 8.2131.1 ± 4.4122.8 ± 5.454.1 ± 3.3<0.0001** Milks73.2 ± 1.775.6 ± 2.870.8 ± 1.60.0983106.5 ± 6.273.3 ± 2.162.8 ± 2.249.0 ± 2.2<0.0001** 100% fruit/vegetable juice12.9 ± 0.614.3 ± 1.011.6 ± 0.60.0201*16.9 ± 2.113.6 ± 0.911.91 ± 1.17.8 ± 1.0<0.0001** Unsweetened coffee/tea108.6 ± 2.2105.7 ± 3.0111.4 ± 2.60.1127108.6 ± 5.3129.1 ± 3.5101.9 ± 3.455.5 ± 2.4<0.0001** Low/no calorie beverages0.2 ± 0.10.1 ± 0.10.2 ± 0.10.54780.5 ± 0.30.2 ± 0.10.0 ± 0.00.0 ± 0.00.0657 Total beverages excluding plain water451.2 ± 4.5544.1 ± 6.7361.1 ± 4.5<0.0001**517.6 ± 12.3510.0 ± 6.3409.8 ± 7.2255.8 ± 5.5<0.0001** Plain water1320.6 ± 65.01417.2 ± 94.21227.1 ± 88.00.13661620.4 ± 202.91257.3 ± 85.71276.8 ± 101.21186.0 ± 163.20.3613 1 Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines. 2 SSB, sugar-sweetenend beverage 3 Values represented mean ± standard errors. 4* P-values <0.05, ** P-value <0.01
표 29. Amount of beverages consumed by Korean adults according to sociodemographic characteristics (continued)1 Beverage groupIncome P-value Q1 (Lowest)Q2Q3Q4 (highest) Amount, mL n SSBs2135.2 ± 3.7141.0 ± 3.6139.6 ± 4.1141.0 ± 3.90.6374 Alcoholic beverages114.4 ± 5.4121.5 ± 5.8118.5 ± 5.6114.5 ± 5.60.7543 Milks67.8 ± 4.070.8 ± 2.972.5 ± 2.882.0 ± 3.20.0152* 100% fruit/vegetable juice11.9 ± 1.211.9 ± 1.113.2 ± 1.314.9 ± 1.30.2553 Unsweetened coffee/tea92.8 ± 4.1104.4 ± 3.7112.3 ± 3.9125.7 ± 4.3<0.0001** Low/no calorie beverages0.2 ± 0.20.1 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.10.1 ± 0.10.4248 Total beverages excluding plain water422.1 ± 8.3449.7 ± 7.9456.4 ± 8.0478.1 ± 8.6<0.0001** Plain water1388.8 ± 152.51462.4 ± 70.31205.5 ± 73.21218.9 ± 67.00.4281 Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines. SSB, sugar-sweetenend beverage Values represented mean ± standard errors. * P-values <0.05, ** P-value <0.01
표 29. Amount of beverages consumed by Korean adults according to sociodemographic characteristics (continued)1 Beverage groupEducation level P-value ≤Elementary schoolMiddle schoolHigh school≥College Amount, mL n SSBs290.5 ± 2.6114.0 ± 4.3150.4 ± 3.6164.3 ± 3.8<0.0001** Alcoholic beverages67.4 ± 3.8125.2 ± 8.2130.3 ± 5.0129.5 ± 5.4<0.0001** Milks43.8 ± 1.857.7 ± 3.278.5 ± 3.290.3 ± 2.8<0.0001** 100% fruit/vegetable juice9.2 ± 1.111.4 ± 2.013.3 ± 1.115.4 ± 1.00.0004** Unsweetened coffee/tea61.6 ± 2.5101.6 ± 5.4110.7 ± 3.4137.9 ± 3.9<0.0001** Low/no calorie beverages0.0 ± 0.00.0 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.10.2 ± 0.10.0074** Total beverages excluding plain water272.5 ± 5.8409.9 ± 10.2483.5 ± 7.3537.5 ± 7.8<0.0001** Plain water1303.1 ± 81.11196.2 ± 93.61498.4 ± 129.81143.6 ± 44.90.0663 1 Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines. 2 SSB, sugar-sweetenend beverage 3 Values represented mean ± standard errors. 4* P-values <0.05, ** P-value <0.01
건강관련 요인에 따른 음료 소비 특성
표 30. Percent of people who consumed each beverages group according to health-related characteristics1 Beverage groupSmoking P-valuePhysical activity P-value NeverFormerCurrentYesNo % prevalence% prevalence n SSBs245.8 ± 0.651.3 ± 1.251.9 ± 0.8<0.0001**47.3 ± 0.649.8 ± 0.60.0020** Alcoholic beverages12.5 ± 0.429.4 ± 1.131.6 ± 0.7<0.0001**21.1 ± 0.520.7 ± 0.50.5922 Milks27.5 ± 0.530.4 ± 1.221.0 ± 0.6<0.0001**26.9 ± 0.624.4 ± 0.50.0004** 100% fruit/vegetable juice5.3 ± 0.25.9 ± 0.64.8 ± 0.30.14905.2 ± 0.35.2 ± 0.30.9578 Unsweetened coffee/tea30.6 ± 0.642.6 ± 1.230.0 ± 0.9<0.0001**31.3 ± 0.732.5 ± 0.60.1272 Low/no calorie beverages0.1 ± 0.00.1 ± 0.00.1 ± 0.10.94340.1 ± 0.00.1 ± 0.00.3523 Total beverages excluding plain water78.4 ± 0.590.6 ± 0.784.7 ± 0.6<0.0001**81.7 ± 0.582.3 ± 0.50.3320 1 Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines. 2 SSB, sugar-sweetenend beverage 3 Values represented mean ± standard errors. 4* P-values <0.05, ** P-value <0.01
표 31. Percent energy intake from beverages according to health-related characteristics1 Beverage groupSmoking P-valuePhysical activity P-value NeverFormerCurrentYesNo % energy intake% energy intake n SSBs22.8 ± 0.02.7 ± 0.13.6 ± 0.1<0.0001**3.0 ± 0.13.1 ± 0.10.0861 Alcoholic beverages1.7 ± 0.14.9 ± 0.26.3 ± 0.2<0.0001**3.7 ± 0.13.5 ± 0.10.3449 Milks2.6 ± 0.12.2 ± 0.11.8 ± 0.1<0.0001**2.4 ± 0.12.1 ± 0.10.0003** 100% fruit/vegetable juice0.3 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.2 ± 0.00.18160.3 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.2324 Unsweetened coffee/tea0.3 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.4 ± 0.00.0019**0.3 ± 0.00.4 ± 0.00.1526 Low/no calorie beverages0.0 ± 0.00.0 ± 0.00.0 ± 0.00.82580.0 ± 0.00.0 ± 0.00.3382 Total beverages excluding plain water7.7 ± 0.110.4 ± 0.212.3 ± 0.2<0.0001**9.7 ± 0.19.4 ± 0.10.0386* Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines. SSB, sugar-sweetenend beverage Values represented mean ± standard errors. * P-values <0.05, ** P-value <0.01
표 32. Amount of beverages consumed by Korean adults according to health-related characteristics1 Beverage groupSmoking P-valuePhysical activity P-value NeverFormerCurrentYesNo Amount, mLAmount, mL n SSBs2115.9 ± 1.9142.4 ± 4.9175.9 ± 4.5<0.0001**136.6 ± 2.6142.0 ± 2.90.1109 Alcoholic beverages57.5 ± 2.4177.0 ± 9.7192.4 ± 6.0<0.0001**118.0 ± 4.0116.4 ± 3.90.7590 Milks76.5 ± 2.284.4 ± 4.463.6 ± 2.6<0.0001**79.3 ± 2.466.6 ± 2.2<0.0001** 100% fruit/vegetable juice12.1 ± 0.717.0 ± 2.612.8 ± 1.10.145513.1 ± 0.812.8 ± 0.90.8308 Unsweetened coffee/tea102.5 ± 2.7121.6 ± 5.5113.7 ± 3.80.0006**109.8 ± 3.0107.3 ± 2.80.5062 Low/no calorie beverages0.1 ± 0.10.3 ± 0.20.2 ± 0.10.83810.2 ± 0.10.1 ± 0.10.4446 Total beverages excluding plain water364.6 ± 4.6542.7 ± 11.5558.6 ± 8.0<0.0001**457.0 ± 5.8445.1 ± 6.00.1259 Plain water1206.7 ± 79.21182.6 ± 92.51559.2 ± 140.80.06031397.7 ± 86.51237.7 ± 98.30.2241 1 Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines. 2 SSB, sugar-sweetenend beverage 3 Values represented mean ± standard errors. 4* P-values <0.05, ** P-value <0.01
식행동관련 요인에 다른 음료 소비 특성
군의 경우 가당 음료와 알코올성 음료의 평균 섭취량은 유의적으로 적게 나타났지만 우유/유제품과 무가당 커피/차의 평균 섭취량은 유의적으로 많았다 (all, P <0.01). 평소 물 섭취량의 경우, 식행동관련 요인에 따른 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다.
표 33. Percent of people who consumed each beverages group according to diet-related characteristics1 Beverage group
Day of recalled intakeP-valueReported breakfast P-valueNutrition label use P-value Mon-ThuFri-SunYesNoYesNo % prevalence% prevalence% prevalence n SSBs248.8 ± 0.648.1 ± 0.70.429551.4 ± 1.047.8 ± 0.50.0010**50.9 ± 1.156.8 ± 0.9<0.0001** Alcoholic beverages19.5 ± 0.423.1 ± 0.6<0.0001**24.5 ± 0.919.9 ± 0.4<0.0001**17.4 ± 0.824.1 ± 0.8<0.0001** Milks25.5 ± 0.626.1 ± 0.60.448325.9 ± 0.925.7 ± 0.50.856034.7 ± 1.229.4 ± 0.90.0001** 100% fruit/vegetable juice5.0 ± 0.25.6 ± 0.30.11225.6 ± 0.45.1 ± 0.20.28626.4 ± 0.65.1 ± 0.40.0423* Unsweetened coffee/tea30.5 ± 0.734.2 ± 0.80.0009**33.2 ± 1.031.5 ± 0.60.127944.5 ± 1.141.7 ± 0.90.0381* Low/no calorie beverages-0.1 ± 0.10.07350.2 ± 0.10.1 ± 0.00.13460.2 ± 0.10.1 ± 0.00.1193 Total beverages excluding plain water81.3 ± 0.583.1 ± 0.60.0201*84.9 ± 0.781.2 ± 0.4<0.0001**89.6 ± 0.790.3 ± 0.50.3845 Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines. SSB, sugar-sweetenend beverage Values represented mean ± standard errors. * P-values <0.05, ** P-value <0.01
표 34. Percent energy intake from beverages according to diet-related characteristics1 Beverage group
Day of recalled intakeP-valueReported breakfast P-valueNutrition label use P-value Mon-ThuFri-SunYesNoYesNo % energy intake% energy intake% energy intake n SSBs23.1 ± 0.13.0 ± 0.10.19724.0 ± 0.12.8 ± 0.0<0.0001**3.2 ± 0.13.6 ± 0.10.0058** Alcoholic beverages3.4 ± 0.14.0 ± 0.1<0.0001**5.0 ± 0.23.2 ± 0.1<0.0001**2.8 ± 0.23.8 ± 0.2<0.0001** Milks2.3 ± 0.12.2 ± 0.10.22222.8 ± 0.12.1 ± 0.0<0.0001**3.1 ± 0.12.4 ± 0.1<0.0001** 100% fruit/vegetable juice0.3 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.0253*0.4 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.00.0298*0.4 ± 0.10.3 ± 0.00.1635 Unsweetened coffee/tea0.3 ± 0.00.4 ± 0.00.41400.5 ± 0.00.3 ± 0.0<0.0001**0.4 ± 0.00.4 ± 0.00.1227 Low/no calorie beverages0.0 ± 0.00.0 ± 0.00.10230.0 ± 0.00.0 ± 0.00.11790.0 ± 0.00.0 ± 0.00.0498* Total beverages excluding plain water9.3 ± 0.19.9 ± 0.20.0105*12.7 ± 0.38.7 ± 0.1<0.0001**9.9 ± 0.210.5 ± 0.20.0712 1 Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines. 2 SSB, sugar-sweetenend beverage 3 Values represented mean ± standard errors. 4* P-values <0.05, ** P-value <0.01
표 35. Amount of beverages consumed by Korean adults according to diet-related characteristics1 Beverage groupDay of recalled intake P-valueReported breakfast P-valueNutrition label use P-value Mon-ThuFri-SunYesNoYesNo Amount, mLAmount, mLAmount, mL n SSBs2139.6 ± 2.8138.5 ± 3.20.7892168.0 ± 5.5131.7 ± 2.1<0.0001**152.7 ± 5.5174.1 ± 4.30.0015** Alcoholic beverages107.7 ± 3.5132.9 ± 5.1<0.0001**159.2 ± 17.8106.3 ± 3.0<0.0001**98.7 ± 6.9141.0 ± 6.6<0.0001** Milks73.3 ± 2.273.0 ± 2.60.928579.9 ± 5.171.4 ± 1.60.1061103.2 ± 4.780.9 ± 3.80.0002** 100% fruit/vegetable juice12.0 ± 0.714.5 ± 1.10.0415*14.1 ± 1.312.6 ± 0.70.334216.2 ± 2.313.4 ± 1.30.2669 Unsweetened coffee/tea105.7 ± 2.6113.2 ± 3.70.0879127.4 ± 5.4103.7 ± 2.2<0.0001**157.9 ± 6.3121.2 ± 4.8<0.0001** Low/no calorie beverages0.1 ± 0.10.3 ± 0.10.29880.4 ± 0.20.1 ± 0.00.24880.5 ± 0.20.2 ± 0.10.1801 Total beverages excluding plain water438.4 ± 5.6472.3 ± 7.80.0004**548.9 ± 10.6425.9 ± 4.5<0.0001**529.1 ± 10.9530.7 ± 8.70.9034 Plain water1364.4 ± 92.81249.1 ± 79.60.34471327.5 ± 158.81318.7 ± 70.70.96001382.7 ± 166.11465.3 ± 170.20.7295 Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines. SSB, sugar-sweetenend beverage Values represented mean ± standard errors. * P-values <0.05, ** P-value <0.01
다양한 음료 및 적절한 수분 섭취의 결정요인
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of beverage and plain water consumptions according to sociodemographic and health and diet-related characteristics in Korean adults1 Sugar-Sweetened BeveragesAlcoholic BeveragesMilks AOR (95% CI)P-valueAOR (95% CI)P-valueAOR (95% CI)P-value Sex 0.7135<0.0001**0.8755Men1.001.001.00 Women0.97 (0.84-1.13)0.64 (0.53-0.77)1.01 (0.86-1.19) Age (years) <0.0001**0.0011**0.0132*19-291.001.001.00 30-491.35 (1.15-1.58)1.26 (1.02-1.56)0.78 (0.67-0.92) 50-641.02 (0.85-1.22)1.37 (1.07-1.75)0.79 (0.66-0.95) 65+1.01 (0.78-1.31)0.83 (0.57-1.22)0.74 (0.57-0.96) Income 0.53290.18990.0584
Q1 (lowest)1.001.001.00 Q21.13 (0.96-1.32)0.90 (0.74-1.10)1.29 (1.07-1.54) Q31.07 (0.91-1.25)1.10 (0.89-1.34)1.14 (0.95-1.37) Q4 (highest)1.09 (0.93-1.29)1.07 (0.87-1.32)1.14 (0.95-1.37) Education 0.0093**0.84500.0031**≤Elementary school1.001.001.00 Middle school1.28 (1.00-1.63)1.11 (0.79-1.56)1.07 (0.79-1.46) High school1.36 (1.09-1.69)0.98 (0.72-1.32)1.24 (0.97-1.58) ≥College1.48 (1.18-1.85)0.98 (0.71-1.35)1.51 (1.15-1.99)
Sugar-Sweetened BeveragesAlcoholic BeveragesMilks AOR (95% CI)P-valueAOR (95% CI)P-valueAOR (95% CI)P-value Smoking 0.0052**<0.0001**0.0001**Never1.001.001.00 Former0.93 (0.78-1.10)1.78 (1.44-2.20)1.11 (0.92-1.33) Current1.23 (1.04-1.46)2.18 (1.78-2.67)0.75 (0.62-0.90) Physical activity 0.42260.88480.0025**Yes1.001.001.00 No1.04 (0.94-1.16)1.01 (0.88-1.16)0.84 (0.75-0.94) Day of week of dietary intake 0.41690.0047**0.6231 Mon-Thu1.001.001.00 Fri-Sun0.96 (0.86-1.07)1.24 (1.07-1.43)0.97 (0.85-1.10) Reported breakfast <0.0001** 0.09480.0319*Yes1.001.001.00 No1.26 (1.12-1.41)1.14 (0.98-1.33)0.86 (0.75-0.99) Nutrition label use 0.71160.09440.0408*Yes1.001.001.00 No0.97 (0.84-1.13)0.87 (0.73-1.03)0.88 (0.81-0.99) 1 Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds ratio of beverages and plain water consumption for study subjects from the NHANES 2008-2012 in three models. AOR, adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; FBG, fasting blood glucose; BP, blood pressure; MetS, metabolic syndrome. 2* P-values <0.05, ** P-value <0.01
36. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of beverage and plain water consumptions according to sociodemographic and health and diet-related characteristics in Korean adults (continued)1 100% fruit/vegetable juice Unsweetened coffee/teaAdequate plain water intake (≥6 cup) AOR (95% CI)P-valueAOR (95% CI)P-valueAOR (95% CI)P-value Sex 0.97920.0001**<0.0001**Men1.001.001.00 Women1.01 (0.71-1.42)1.37 (1.17-1.60)0.60 (0.50-0.71) Age (years) 0.2734<0.0001**0.0101*19-291.001.001.00 30-490.88 (0.64-1.22)1.33 (1.13-1.55)0.91 (0.77-1.08) 50-640.97 (0.65-1.45)1.58 (1.30-1.92)0.79 (0.65-0.97) 65+0.59 (0.32-1.09)1.26 (0.95-1.68)0.60 (0.45-0.82) Income 0.9725<0.0001**0.3912
Q1 (lowest)1.001.001.00 Q20.94 (0.66-1.34)1.09 (0.92-1.28)1.08 (0.90-1.29) Q30.97 (0.68-1.39)1.29 (1.10-1.52)1.13 (0.95-1.34) Q4 (highest)0.93 (0.65-1.32)1.40 (1.19-1.64)1.16 (0.97-1.38) Education 0.80050.0013**0.4219
≤Elementary school1.001.001.00 Middle school1.03 (0.59-1.81)1.24 (0.96-1.59)0.94 (0.72-1.23) High school1.14 (0.70-1.83)1.41 (1.12-1.78)0.99 (0.75-1.29) ≥College1.25 (0.75-2.10)1.60 (1.26-2.03)0.88 (0.66-1.17)
100% fruit/vegetable juice Unsweetened coffee/teaAdequate plain water intake (≥6 cup) AOR (95% CI)P-valueAOR (95% CI)P-valueAOR (95% CI)P-value Smoking 0.08280.001**<0.0001**Never1.001.001.00 Former1.34 (0.98-1.84)1.36 (1.13-1.64)1.41 (1.17-1.71) Current0.96 (0.65-1.43)1.37 (1.14-1.65)1.84 (1.53-2.21) Physical activity 0.56640.2384<0.0001**Yes1.001.001.00 No0.94 (0.75-1.17)0.94 (0.85-1.04)0.72 (0.64-0.81) Day of week of dietary intake 0.18350.26750.2831 Mon-Thu1.001.001.00 Fri-Sun1.18 (0.92-1.52)1.07 (0.95-1.20)1.07 (0.95-1.20) Reported breakfast 0.0493*0.0256*<0.0001**Yes1.001.001.00 No0.78 (0.61-0.99)0.88 (0.78-0.99)0.76 (0.66-0.86) Nutrition label use 0.88780.41860.1376Yes1.001.001.00 No1.02 (0.76-1.36)0.94 (0.81-1.09)1.13 (0.96-1.33) 1 Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds ratio of beverages and plain water consumption for study subjects from the NHANES 2008-2012 in three models. AOR, adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; FBG, fasting blood glucose; BP, blood pressure; MetS, metabolic syndrome. 2* P-values <0.05, ** P-value <0.01