3.5. 한국인의 음료 패턴
5.5.2. 음료 소비 패턴에 따른 인구사회학적 특성
‘Unsweetened Coffee’ 패턴
‘Unsweetened coffee’ 패턴의 경우 요인 점수는 성별, 연령, 소득수준, 교육수준, 흡연여부, 신체활동 여부 및 영양조사일은 유의적인 관련성을 보였다 (all, P <0.01) (표 38). ‘Unsweetened coffee’ 패턴 점수가 증가함에 따라 여성 및 19-29세 연령군의 비율이 증가한 반면, 65세 이상 연령군의 비율은 감소하였다.
또한 ‘Unsweetened coffee’ 패턴 점수가 높아짐에 따라 높은 소득 및 교육수준을 보이는 집단과 정기적인 신체활동을 하는 사람의 비율을 증가하였으나, 현재 흡연을 하는 사람의 비율은 감소하였다.
‘Sweetened Beverage’ 패턴
‘Sweetened beverage’ 패턴의 경우 요인 점수는 성별, 연령, 교육수준, 흡연여부, 신체활동 여부 및 영양조사일은 유의적인 관련성을 보였다 (all, P <0.01) (표 39). ‘Sweetened beverage’ 패턴 점수가 높아짐에 따라, 남성 및 19-29세 연령군의 비율이 증가하였으나, 30세 이상의 연령군의 비율은 모두 감소하는 것으로 조사되었다. ‘Sweetened beverage’ 패턴의 요인 점수가 높아질수록 고등학교 졸업 이상의 고학력자, 현재 흡연자 및 규칙적인 신체활동을 하는 사람의 비율이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.
‘Alcoholic Beverage’ 패턴
‘Alcoholic beverage’ 패턴의 요인 점수는 ‘Unsweetened coffee’ 패턴과 마찬가지로 성별, 연령, 소득수준, 교육수준, 흡연여부, 신체활동 여부 및 영양조사일 등 표에 제시된 인구사회학적 변수와 유의적인 관련성을 나타내었다 (all, P <0.01) (표 40). ‘Alcoholic beverage’ 패턴 점수가 높아짐에 따라, 여성의 비율은 감소한 반면, 남성의 비율이 크게 증가하였다. ‘Alcoholic beverage’ 패턴 점수가 가장 낮은 군 (tertile 1)에 비해 가장 높은 군 (tertile 3)에서는 고소득자 및 고학력자의 비율이 감소하였으며, 현재 흡연 중인 사람의 비율이 크게 증가하였다. ‘Alcoholic beverage’ 패턴 점수가 증가할수록, 영양조사가 주말 (금요일-일요일)에 이루어진 대상자의 비율이 증가하였다.
표 38. Sociodemographic and health-related characteristics by tertiles of ‘Unsweetened coffee’ pattern scores among Korean adults, KNHANES 2008-20121
Unsweetened Coffee Pattern score
Men 2976 (53.95)2 3012 (55.49) 2566 (47.83) Women 3627 (46.05) 3585 (44.51) 4034 (52.17)
Age (y) 140.97**
19-29 492 (12.70) 874 (22.19) 846 (20.86) 30-49 2698 (49.09) 2548 (43.59) 2654 (45.34) 50-64 1859 (25.01) 1779 (23.11) 1963 (24.61)
≥65 1554 (13.20) 1396 (11.11) 1137 (9.19)
Income 36.78**
Lowest 1615 (25.96) 1606 (25.34) 1394 (22.69) Lower middle 1772 (26.83) 1601 (24.76) 1579 (24.20) Upper middle 1636 (24.19) 1767 (26.33) 1659 (25.40) Highest 1580 (23.02) 1623 (23.57) 1968 (27.71)
Education level 65.23**
≤Elementary school 1757 (18.74) 1688 (16.52) 1275 (13.32) Middle school 755 (10.63) 823 (11.15) 749 (9.48)
High school 2248 (38.61) 2335 (41.96) 2402 (40.97)
≥College 1843 (32.02) 1751 (30.37) 2174 (36.23)
Smoking 114.99**
Never 3698 (49.06) 3741 (49.25) 4032 (54.67) Former smoker 983 (14.90) 603 (9.72) 912 (15.29) Current smoker 1922 (36.04) 2253 (41.04) 1656 (30.04)
Physical activity 22.84**
Yes 3156 (49.07) 3585 (54.54) 3423 (52.59) No 3447 (50.93) 3012 (45.46) 3177 (47.41) Day of week of
dietary intake 6.24**
Monday-Thursday 4083 (62.09) 4175 (62.81) 3881 (59.50) Friday-Sunday 2520 (37.91) 2422 (37.19) 2719 (40.50)
1 Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines.
2 Values represented frequency (weighted percentage).
3* P-value <0.05, ** P-value <0.01
표 39. Sociodemographic and health-related characteristics by tertiles of ‘Sweetened beverage’ pattern scores among Korean adults, KNHANES 2008-20121
Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Pattern score
Men 2735 (49.77)2 2594 (45.47) 3225 (60.71) Women 3771 (50.23) 4420 (54.53) 3055 (39.29)
Age (y) 547.17**
19-29 406 (10.19) 562 (13.68) 1244 (30.10) 30-49 2725 (50.28) 2571 (43.90) 2604 (44.19) 50-64 1934 (26.87) 2145 (27.67) 1522 (18.99)
≥65 1441 (12.66) 1736 (14.75) 910 (6.71)
Income 6.08
Lowest 1460 (24.34) 1702 (24.95) 1453 (24.66) Lower middle 1655 (25.43) 1754 (25.32) 1543 (25.05) Upper middle 1604 (24.52) 1830 (26.10) 1628 (25.28) Highest 1787 (25.71) 1728 (23.63) 1656 (25.01)
Education level 282.00**
≤Elementary school 1558 (17.48) 2078 (21.29) 1084 (10.57) Middle school 739 (10.59) 947 (12.25) 641 (8.65)
High school 2230 (37.90) 2316 (38.07) 2439 (44.90)
≥College 1979 (34.04) 1673 (28.39) 2116 (35.89)
Smoking 123.38**
Never 3775 (52.15) 4445 (56.58) 3251 (45.16) Former smoker 931 (14.47) 713 (11.47) 854 (13.96) Current smoker 1800 (33.37) 1856 (31.94) 2175 (40.88)
Physical activity 15.76**
Yes 3187 (49.88) 3685 (51.92) 3292 (54.07) No 3319 (50.12) 3329 (48.08) 2988 (45.93) Day of week of
dietary intake 20.03**
Monday-Thursday 4037 (62.48) 4458 (63.57) 3644 (58.69) Friday-Sunday 2469 (37.52) 2556 (36.43) 2636 (41.31)
1 Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines.
2 Values represented frequency (weighted percentage).
3* P-value <0.05, ** P-value <0.01
표 40. Sociodemographic and health-related characteristics by tertiles of ‘Alcoholic beverage’ pattern scores among Korean adults, KNHANES 2008-20121
Alcoholic Beverage Pattern score
Men 2278 (45.88)2 2555 (44.61) 3721 (64.32) Women 4045 (54.12) 4316 (55.39) 2885 (35.68)
Age (y) 463.02**
19-29 929 (24.03) 386 (9.78) 897 (21.16) 30-49 2468 (44.20) 2597 (45.77) 2835 (47.74) 50-64 1715 (21.86) 2050 (27.61) 1836 (23.54)
≥65 1211 (9.91) 1838 (16.84) 1038 (7.56)
Income 40.01**
Lowest 1284 (22.35) 1755 (26.27) 1576 (25.30) Lower middle 1484 (23.74) 1797 (26.25) 1671 (25.74) Upper middle 1659 (25.62) 1730 (24.89) 1673 (25.38) Highest 1896 (28.29) 1589 (22.60) 1686 (23.58)
Education level 316.16**
≤Elementary school 1240 (12.66) 2248 (24.47) 1232 (12.41) Middle school 668 (9.13) 860 (11.63) 799 (10.51)
High school 2202 (39.70) 2189 (36.43) 2594 (44.55)
≥College 2213 (38.52) 1574 (27.47) 1981 (32.54)
Smoking 447.22**
Never 4189 (59.41) 4339 (57.02) 2943 (38.93) Former smoker 820 (13.82) 679 (10.74) 999 (15.01) Current smoker 1314 (26.77) 1853 (32.24) 2664 (46.05)
Physical activity 14.53**
Yes 3257 (53.18) 3441 (49.67) 3466 (53.06) No 3066 (46.82) 3430 (50.33) 3140 (46.94) Day of week of
dietary intake 21.90**
Monday-Thursday 3864 (61.06) 4419 (64.65) 3856 (59.16) Friday-Sunday 2459 (38.94) 2452 (35.35) 2750 (40.84)
1 Data were from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). All data except for sample size were weighted accounting for the complex study design according to the directions of the KNHANES analytical guidelines.
2 Values represented frequency (weighted percentage).
3* P-value <0.05, ** P-value <0.01