JFM SE, 28(6), pp. 1858~1864, 2016. www.ksfme.or.kr 수산해양교육연구 제 권 제 호 통권 호, 28 6 , 84 , 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13000/JFMSE.2016.28.6.1858
.
Ⅰ Introduction
Bryopsis (Chlorophyceae) was established by Lamouroux (1809). Since then, some species of Derbesia Solier and Pedobesia MacRaild &
Womersley had been misidentified as this genus (Kim & Klochkova 2010). Although the taxonomy of Bryopsis has been largely changed (Krellwitz et al. 2001), many species remain as uncertain taxonomic status (Morabito et al. 2003). In Korea,
six species of Bryopsis have been recorded (Lee and Kang 2002, Kim et al. 2013).
Sagassum (Phaeophyceae) is a large genus comprising more than 400 species in the temperate region of the Indian Ocean, Western Pacific, and Australia. Kang (1966) reported 15 species and 4 subspecies with their geographical distribution along the coasts of Korea. After then, twenty seven species of Sargassum species have been recorded in Korea (Lee and Kang 2002, Kim et al. 2013).
Corresponding author : 051-629-5922, [email protected]
This work was supported by a grant from National Institute of Biology Resources (NIBR), funded by the ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR201601204), and by a grant from the Marine Biotechnology Program funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of the Korean Government.
New Record of Two Marine Algal Species in Korea: Bryopsis triploramosa and Sargassum polyporum
Pil Joon KANG Ki Wan NAMㆍ (Pukyong National University)
한국산 미기록 해조 종 흐린깃털말 및 가시모자반 2 ,
강필준 남기완 부경대학교
( )
Abstract
Morphological and molecular information of two marine algae collected from Korea is given. One belonging to a green alga, is characterized by small size up to 4 cm high, much branched thalli on all sides, slender and linear branchlets which is constricted near base, axes without prominent branch scars, chloroplasts with a prominent central pyrenoid. The other, as a brown alga, is distinct from other Korean species in having cylindrical elevated projections at all parts of thallus axis, leaves with slightly serrulate margin together with distinct midrib bearing spines and absence to rarely occurred vesicles. In phylogenetic tree based on rbcL sequences, these two species are nested in the same clade with Bryopsis triploramosa and Sargassum polyporum, respectively. In this study, these two species are newly recorded in the Korean marine algal flora based on the morphological and molecular data.
Key words : New record, Korea, Bryopsis triploramosa, Sargassum polyporum, rbcL, Morphology, Molecular analysis
During the survey of marine algal flora of Korea, two species of Bryopsis and Sargassum were collected from eastern coast and Jeju, Korea. These species are newly recorded based on morphological and molecular data in the present study.
. Materials and Methods
Ⅱ
Materials for this study were collected from the eastern coast and Jeju of Korea. Taxonomic data were obtained from 5-10% formalin/seawater solution-preserved specimens. Plants were dissected by hand section using pith stick and razor blade, and then moved to a slide glass with distilled water, and mounted in 10-20% corn syrup. The sections were stained with 1-2% aqueous aniline blue or hematoxylin for photographs. Photographs were taken with a CCD camera (DMCe 5000, INS industry co. Ltd., Korea) attached to microscope (BX50, Olympus, Japan) and a digital camera (D4s, Nikon, Japan). All specimens examined in this study are deposited in the herbarium of Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University.
Total genomic DNA was extracted from dried samples using the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Extracted DNA was used for the amplification of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit (rbcL) regions. PCR amplifications were conducted in a TaKaRa PCR Thermal Cycler Dice (TaKaRaBioInc., Otsu, Japan).
The PCR products were analyzed at the Macrogen Sequencing Service for sequencing (Macrogen, Seoul, Korea). Sequences were aligned using BioEdit (Hall 1999). Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the maximum-likelihood method.
Bootstrap values were calculated with 1,000 replications. The rbcL sequences of other species
myura and Myagropsis myagroides was used as an outgroup.
. Results and Discussion
Ⅲ
Bryopsis triploramosa Kobara & Chihara 1995: 182, f. 1-21.
Holotype: TNS-AL 41393.
Holotype locality: Kiyang, Okinawa Pref., Japan.
Korean name: Heu-rin-git-teol-mal nom. nov. (신 칭 흐린깃털말: ).
Specimens examined: PKNU000015744-000015745 (Guryongpo: 10.ix.2015).
Habitat: Epiphytic on other algae.
Morphology: Thalli up to 3-4 cm high, tuft, epiphytic, bright green in color, attached by rhizoid;
main axis indistinct, issuing numerous branches all sides, sometimes naked near basal portion, without prominent branch scars, 300-600 μm in diam.;
branches terete, linear, with numerous branchlets all sides, 120-250 m in diam.; branchlets constricted μ at base, without septum, 20-50 μm in diam.;
chloroplasts round, 6-10 m long, with a central μ pyrenoid.
Sargassum polyporum Montagne 1842: 250.
Type: Gaudichaud; Herbarium of Montagne, Paris.
Type locality: Macao.
Korean name: Ga-si-mo-ja-ban nom. nov. (신칭: 가시모자반).
Specimens examined: PKNU000015767-000015768 (Gujwa: 20.v.2015).
Habitat: Growing on rock near lower intertidal to subtidal zone.
Morphology: Thalli up 12-35 cm high, attached by discoid holdfast, up to 0.5-1.5 cm in diam., stem erect, terete, 1-3 cm high, 2-5 mm broad; axes terete to triquetrous, with numerous cylindrical
[Fig. 1] Bryopsis triploramosa Kobara & Chihara. A, Habit of vegetative plant with indistinct main axis; B.
Naked basal portion of axis; C, Details of lateral branch; D, Branch without constriction and septum (arrow); E, Rhizoidal holdfast; F, Round chloroplasts with central pyrenoid.
[Fig. 2] Sargassum polyporum Montagne. A, Habit of vegetative plant; B. Details of vegetative branches;
C, Axis with many projections; D, Lanceolate to elliptical leaves with distinct midrib; E, Details of leaves with spines (arrows) along midrib; F, Triquetrous main axis in transverse section.
elevated projections 200-400 m long, 3-5 mm in μ diam.; branches well developed; leaves arranged spirally, long, lanceolate to elliptical, slightly serrulate in margin, with distinct midrib bearing spines near basal portion, 10-50 mm long, 2-30 mm broad; vesicles absent to rare, ovoid.
Bryopsis triploramosa was described from Japan (Kobara & Chihara 1995). According to the original description, this species is characterized by small size up to 4 cm high, much branched thalli on all sides, slender and linear branchlets which is constricted near base, axes without prominent branch scars, chloroplasts with a prominent central pyrenoid. Our specimens fit well with the original
description. In a phylogenetic tree based on the rbcL sequence ([Fig. 3]), this Korean alga was nested in the same clade with Bryopsis triploramosa from Japan. The genetic distance between both sequences with in the clade was calculated as 0.5%. Based on the genetic divergence range of 4.0 5.8% found between other Bryopsis species, this distance value is considered to be in the intraspecific range. This is the first record of B. triploramosa in Korea.
Since Sargassum polyporum was established (Montagne 1842), this species has been recorded from several east Asian countries including Japan and China (Tseng & Lu 1992; Ajisaka et al. 1994).
[Fig. 3] Phylogenetic tree of Bryopsis species obtained from maximum likelihood method based on rbcL sequences. Bootstrap proportion values (1000 replicates samples) are shown above branches.
Scale bar = 0.02 substitutions/site.
However, its occurrence has not been reported in Korea. This species is distinct from other Korean species in having cylindrical elevated projections at all parts of thallus axis, leaves with slightly serrulate margin together with distinct midrib bearing spines and absence to rarely occurred vesicles. These features are also found in the previous other description of this species (Chiang et al. 1992; Yoshida 1998; Kraft 2009). In a
molecular analysis based on the rbcL sequence ([Fig. 4]), this Korean alga nests in the same clade with Sargassum polyporum from Japan. The genetic distance between both sequences within the clade was calculated as 0.4%. Based on the genetic distance range of 3.7 6.9% found between other Sargassum species, our specimens are identified as S. polyporum. This species is newly recorded in the Korean algal flora, here.
[Fig. 4] Phylogenetic tree of Sargassum species obtained from maximum likelihood method based on rbcL sequences. Bootstrap proportion values (1000 replicates samples) are shown above branches. Scale bar = 0.02 substitutions/site.
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Received : 30 September, 2016 Revised : 19 October, 2016 Accepted : 01 November, 2016
