Received August 7, 2012/ revised November 7, 2012/ accepted June 5, 2013
Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0)
ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹͷʹȀ ǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵ǤͷǤʹͲͻ
Ǥ ǤǤ
4D CAD ⢚⡢㜚ⴖ#⢢#㰚Ⱨ⛯#㦇ᆾἺ#Ⳃ㬚#BSCᏮ⇖ⴖ#⯆␂#㦇ᆾ#ᤶ
෮ ȵࢂ෮জ ȵԳজ
Kim, HyeonSeung*, Moon, HyounSeok**, Kang, LeenSeok***
Preliminary Assessment Model based on BSC for Evaluating Practical Utilization of 4D CAD System
ABSTRACT
Recently, BIM(Building Information Modeling) is on the rise as a customized solution for construction environment, but construction companies rarely introduce and apply BIM in the construction site. Due to such issues, the fact that empirical data for evaluating the quantitative effect of BIM application is insufficient might be an another main reason. In the end, construction companies cannot assure investment effect of BIM and therefore don’t make an investment actively. To activate BIM application, the evaluation system that quantitatively assess usability of BIM needs to be developed . This study aims to suggest a methodology that evaluates the usability quantitatively according to introduction and operation of BIM by construction companies. Accordingly, this study analyzes applicability of 4D CAD by developing an evaluation index and its model with BSC(Balanced Score Card) for 4D CAD, which have high practical use among BIM techniques, and verifies the usability as the entire evaluation index of BIM. Therefore, it is expected that the developed assessment model will be utilized as the critical decision-making information in order to introduce related techniques by identifying the usability and operational issues of 4D CAD.
Key words : Building information Modeling(BIM), 4D CAD, Balanced score card(BSC), KPI
Ⅹಾ
Õᖅ⪹Ğᨱ฿∅⩶ݡ᮲ႊᦩᮝಽ↽ɝBIM(Building Information Modeling)ᯕݡࢱࡹŁᯩᮝӹ, ݡ݅ᙹ᮹Õᖅᔍᨱᕽᝅᱽ⩥ᰆᨱBIMᮥ
᯦ࠥ⦹ᩍᬕᬊ⦹۵ᔍಡ۵ᱡ᳑⦽ᝅᱶᯕ݅. ᯕ్⦽ᬱᯙᮝಽ۵݅᧲⦽Õᖅ⪹ĞᨱᕽBIM ᱢᬊᨱ᮹⦽ᱶపᱢᯙ⬉ŝa❭ᦦࢁᙹᯩ۵ᝅ᷾
ߑᯕ░aᇡ᳒⦽ᱱࠥᵝᇡᇥᯕࡹŁᯩ݅. ᯕ్⦽ᯙᮡđǎBIM ⚍ᯱ⬉ŝᨱݡ⦽⪶ᝁᮥwḡ༜⦹íࡹŁ, ⫭ᔍ᮹ᱢɚᱢ⚍ᯱࠥᮁࠥ
⦹ḡ༜⦹íࡽ݅. Õᖅᔍಽ⦹ᩍɩBIM ᱢᬊᮥᮁࠥ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵BIM᮹⪽ᬊᖒᮥᱶపᱢᮝಽ⠪a⧁ᙹᯩ۵⠪aℕĥaǍ⇶ࢁ⦥aᯩ
݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵Õᖅᔍॅ᮹BIM ᯦ࠥŝᬕᬊᨱෙ⪽ᬊᱶࠥෝᱶపᱢᯙᙹ⊹ಽ⠪a⧁ᙹᯩ۵ႊᦩᮥᱽ⦹Łᯱ⦽݅. ᯕෝ᭥⧕Õᖅᇥ
BIM ʑᚁᵲᝅྕ⪽ᬊᖒᯕ׳ᮡ4D CADෝݡᔢᮝಽBSC (Balanced Score Card)ᨱ᮹⦽⠪aḡ⢽᪡⠪a༉⩶ᮥǍ⇶⦹ᩍᱢᬊᖒᮥᇥ ᕾ⦹໑, ⨆⬥BIM ʑ܆ᱥℕ᮹⠪aḡ⢽ಽ⪽ᬊᖒᮥá᷾⦹Łᯩ݅. ᯕෝ☖⧕Õᖅᨦℕॅᮡ4D CAD ʑᚁ᮹⪽ᬊᱶࠥ᪡ᬕᩢᔢ≉᧞ᱱᮥ❭
ᦦ⧉ᮝಽ៉ʑᚁ᯦ࠥᮥ᭥⦽᮹ᔍđᱶ᮹ʑⅩᯱഭಽ⪽ᬊࢁᙹᯩᮥäᯕ݅.
áᔪᨕ BIM, 4D CAD, Ɂ⩶ᖒŝ⠪aᱽࠥ, ⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽
֨ėěν
Table 1. Research Review in Korea and Abroad
Type Author Description
Work in constru-ction project
Kim(2005) Development of indexes for measuring performance of main work in construction management and suggestion of details to check them
Song(2006) Development of objective indexes for measuring performance in quality management and suggestion of quality performance process by PDCA cycle
Oh(2006) Suggestion of practical CSF and KPI by considering characteristics of domestic construction industry
Son(2007) Development of critical success factors in design phase on plant projects
Mohamed(2003) Suggestion of BSC approach to benchmarking organizational safety culture in Construction projects
Gongbo Lin(2007) Suggestion of critical review for measuring the performance of value engineering studies in Construction.
Perfor-mance measur-ement of BIM and constru-ction IT
Leem(2006) Development of a KPI-based IT evaluation methodology and its application
Lee(2009) Development of the BIM software selection factors by analyzing main function and limitation of BIM
Song(2011) Suggestion of critical factors and weak points by investigating the current status and satisfaction degree of based BIM construction projects
Lim(2011) Suggestion of valuation basis of successful cases by developing success factors and its weight in construction IT convergence
Chung(2012) Analysis of core ability of BIM manager in general contractor for systematic BIM operation
Dawood(2009) Suggestion of key performance indicators for measuring 4D CAD system in construction projects
1. ᕽು
1.1 ֜ଭࢼլࢫࡧୡ
Õᖅ⥥ಽ᱾✙۵ʑ⫮ᇡ░ᮁḡšญ݉ĥʭḡᩑᗮᱢᯙᯕ⥥ᔍ ᯕⓕ݉ĥಽ ǍᖒࡹŁ, b݉ĥᄥ ݅᧲⦽ₙᩍᵝℕa᳕ᰍ⦽݅.
ᕽÕᖅ⥥ಽ᱾✙aᱱᱱݡ⩶⪵ၰᅖᰂ⪵ࢁᙹಾₙᩍᵝℕe ᮹⩲ᨦŝᯕॅeᨱၽᔾࡹ۵ႊݡ⦽ᱶᅕ᮹⬉ᮉᱢᯙšญႊᦩᨱ
šᝍᯕ׳ᦥḡʑษಉᯕ݅. ᯕ్⦽Õᖅ⪹Ğᨱ฿∅⩶ݡ᮲ႊᦩᮝ ಽ↽ɝBIM(Building Information Modeling)ᯕݡࢱࡹŁᯩ݅.
BIMᮡÕᖅ⥥ಽᖙᜅ݉ĥᄥᨦྕෝᙹ⧪⦹໕ᕽၽᔾࡹ۵ᱶᅕ,
᳑Ḣ, ᨦྕ॒᮹ߑᯕ░ෝ3D ʑၹ~ℕᱶᅕෝᵲᝍᮝಽ☖⧊šญ aa܆⦹ʑভྙᨱᱶᅕᱥݍ᮹⬉ᮉᖒᮥ⨆ᔢ┍ᙹᯩ݅. ✚⯩
BIMᮡ᳑ݍℎᨱᕽၽ⢽⦽ၵ᪡zᯕ2012֥ᇡ░500ᨖᯕᔢ᮹
ŖŖ▕┅Ŗᔍᨱݡ⧕ᕽBIM ᱢᬊᯕ᮹ྕ⪵ࡹ۵॒᮹ᱶ₦ᱢᯙ
ၹᩢᮥ ☖⧕ǎԕ᮹ BIMʑᚁ ᱢᬊᯕ⪶ݡࡹ۵ ⇵ᖙᯕ໑, ᯕᨱ
⬉ᮉᱢᯙBIM᮹᯦ࠥŝᬕᬊᮡÕᖅᔍॅ᮹ᵲ⦽šᝍᇥ
aࡹŁᯩ݅. ə్ӹݡ݅ᙹ᮹ÕᖅᔍॅᮡBIM ᯦ࠥ᮹⦥ᖒŝ
ᵲᖒᮥᯙḡ⦹໕ᕽࠥᯕෝᝅᱽ⩥ᰆᨱ᯦ࠥ⦹ᩍᬕᬊ⦽ᔍಡ۵
ᱡ᳑⦽ᝅᱶᯕ݅. ᯕ۵ᦥḢʭḡBIM ᯦ࠥŝᬕᬊᨱݡ⦽⢽ᵡ
aᯕऽᯙ, ݅᧲⦽ Õᖅ ⪹Ğᨱၹᩢࡽ BIM᮹ ᱶపᱢᯙ⬉ŝ
॒᮹ᝅ᷾ߑᯕ░aᇡ᳒⧉ᮝಽᕽ, ÕᖅᔍॅᯕBIM ⚍ᯱ⬉ŝᨱ
ݡ⦽ ⪶ᝁᮥ aḡḡ ༜⦹ʑ ভྙᯕ݅.
ᕽÕᖅᔍaBIM ᯦ࠥŝᬕᬊᨱᯩᨕᕽBIM ʑᚁᮥษ ӹ⪽ᬊ⧁ᙹᯩ۵ḡ᪡ᯕෝ⬉ᮉᱢᮝಽ⪽ᬊ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ྕᨨᮥ
ᵡእ⧕⦹۵ḡෝ ❱݉⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ʑᵡᯕ ᱽࢁ ⦥a ᯩ݅.
ᯕᨱᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ÕᖅᔍॅᯕḢᱲᱢᮝಽBIM ᯦ࠥŝᬕᬊᨱ
ෙ⪽ᬊᱶࠥෝᱶపᱢᯙᙹ⊹ಽ⠪a⧁ᙹᯩ۵ႊᦩᮥᱽ⦹Ł
ᯱ⦽݅. ᯕෝ᭥⧕BSC(Balanced Score Card) ᖒŝᇥᕾႊჶುᮥ
⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍ ⠪aḡ⢽᪡ ⠪a༉⩶ᮥ Ǎ⇶⦽݅.
1.2 ࣐֜ࢫࢺ࣑
ᅙᩑǍ۵BIM ᯦ࠥŝᬕᬊᨱෙ⪽ᬊᱶࠥෝᱶపᱢᯙᙹ⊹ಽ
⠪a⦹ᩍBIM ᯦ࠥᨱݡ⦽᮹ᔍđᱶᨱࠥᬡᮥᵝŁᯱ⦹۵ᩑǍᯕ
݅. ᯕෝ᭥⦹ᩍ☁༊ᇥBIM ʑᚁᵲᝅྕ⪽ᬊᖒᯕ׳ᮡ4D CADෝᩑǍჵ᭥ಽ⦽ᱶ⦹Ł, ᯕෝBSC(Balanced Score Card) ᖒŝᇥᕾႊჶುᮥ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍ⠪aḡ⢽᪡⠪a༉⩶ᮥ}ၽ⦽݅.
Fig. 1. Process of Developing Indexes
Table 2. 4D CAD Functions by Phase
Phase Function
Planning phase
Alternative review simulation, summary schedule simulation, arrangement/landscape planning simulation, site plane simulation
Basic design phase
Shape information 3D model, visual review of underground utilities, arrangement/landscape planning simulation, site plane simulation
Design phase
Detailed design 3D modeling, visual review of the cross section information, constructability analysis
Construction phase
4D schedule simulation, progress management simulation, visual analysis of schedule management, constructability analysis simulation, risk management, cost and resources management, wide area and long-distance management, VR functions etc.
ᩑǍ ᙹ⧪ ႊჶᮡ ݅ᮭŝ z݅.
ℌṙ, ྙ⨭Łₑᮥ☖⦹ᩍÕᖅIT ᇥ᮹ᖒŝšญ⩥⫊ŝᖒŝ ḡ⢽ ᖁᱶᨱ š⦽ ᔍಡෝ ᙹḲ⦽݅.
ࢹṙ, Õᖅ BSC᮹ ʑⅩᯱഭ ၰ 4D CAD ʑ܆ᮥ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ
4D CAD ⪽ᬊᖒ⊂ᱶᮥ᭥⦽ḡ⢽ෝ}ၽ⦹Ł, AHP ᇥᕾʑჶᮥ
☖⧕ ᖒŝḡ⢽ॅ e᮹ aᵲ⊹ෝ ᔑᱶ⦽݅.
ᖬṙ, 4D CAD ⪽ᬊࠥෝ ᱶపᱢᮝಽ ᇥᕾ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ⠪a
༉⩶ᮥᱽᦩ⦹Ł, ᯕෝӹญ᪅᯲ᖒᨱ ᮹⦽ᔍಡᨱᱢᬊ⦽݅.
1.3 ֝ٛ֜ܛේ
ǎԕÕᖅᇥ᮹ᖒŝšญᨱš⦽ᩑǍॅᮡTable 1ŝzᯕ
Õᖅ⥥ಽ᱾✙ᖒŝšญ᪡BIM ၰÕᖅITšಉᖒŝšญಽǍᇥ⧁
ᙹ ᯩ݅.
Õᖅ⥥ಽ᱾✙᮹ᖒŝšญᩑǍ۵ᵝಽ⣩ḩ, ᦩᱥ, ᳑Ḣ॒᮹
݅᧲⦽ Õᖅᨦྕॅ᮹ ⬉ᮉᱢᯙ ᬕᩢᮥ᭥⦽ ᖒŝḡ⢽ ၰ⠪a
⥥౩ᯥᬭⓍෝ}ၽ⦹۵ᩑǍॅಽᙹ⧪ࡹŁᯩ݅. əญŁBIM ၰ
Õᖅ ITšಉ ᖒŝšญ۵ BIM ၰ IT ʑᚁॅ᮹ }ֱᱢᯙ ᬕᩢ
ႊᦩŝᅕ᪥ᔍ⧎॒ᮥᱽ⦹Ñӹ, ⡍ťᱢᯙBIM ʑᚁᮥݡᔢᮝಽ
⪽ᬊࠥၰอ᳒ࠥෝ⠪a⦹۵ᖒŝḡ⢽ၰ⠪a⥥౩ᯥᬭⓍ}ၽ
ᩑǍॅಽᙹ⧪ࡹŁᯩ݅. ə్ӹᯕ᪡zᯕÕᖅᇥ᮹ᖒŝšญ
ᩑǍॅᮡݡᇡᇥᵝᨦྕӹ, BIM ၰIT ʑᚁ᮹᯦ࠥᨱݡ⦽
ᱥၹᱢᯙ ᖒŝෝ ᇥᕾ⦹Ł ᯩᮥ ᐱ 4D CAD᪡ zᯕ ᖙᇡᱢᯙ
ʑᚁᨱݡ⦽⚍ᯱ⬉ŝ᪡ᬕᩢᔢ≉᧞ᱱᮥ❭ᦦ⧁ᙹᯩ۵ᖒŝšญ ۵ ၙ⯂⦽ ᝅᱶᯕ݅.
ᕽᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵BIM᮹ᖙᇡʑᚁᯙ4D CAD᮹᯦ࠥŝ
ᬕᬊᨱෙ⪽ᬊᱶࠥෝᱶపᱢᯙᙹ⊹ಽ⠪a⧁ᙹᯩ۵ႊᦩᮥ
ᱽ⦹Łᯱ ⦽݅.
2. 4D CAD ᜅ▽᮹ᖒŝḡ⢽}ၽ
2.1 নրඝԹࢳଡBSC Թ૬
BIM ᱢᬊᨱෙ⥥ಽ᱾✙᮹⬉ŝ۵ʑ᳕᮹ᰍྕᱢḡ⢽ᐱอ
ᦥܩ⣩ḩ⨆ᔢ, ᯲ᨦ⪹Ğ}ᖁ॒᮹ᱶప⪵a⯹ुྕ⩶ᱢ⬉ŝෝ
ᙹၹ⦹Łᯩʑভྙᨱᮁྕ⩶ᱢ⬉ŝa༉ࢱŁಅࡹᨕ⦽݅(ᘂ
ၙฝ, 2011). ᕽ4D CAD ᯦ࠥŝᬕᬊᮥ᭥⦽⪽ᬊᖒ⠪aࠥ
ᮁྕ⩶ᱢ ⬉ŝෝ ⡍⧉⧕⦹໑, ᯕෝ ᭥⧕ BSCෝ ᱢᬊ⦽݅.
BSC۵ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŝෝ݉ᙽ⦽ᰍྕḡ⢽ᐱอᦥܩŁ~, ԕᇡ
⥥ಽᖙᜅ, ⦺ၰƱᮂ᮹4aḡšᱱᮝಽǍᇥ⦹ᩍ, ᮁྕ⩶ᱢᯙ
⬉ŝॅᮥɁ⩶ᱢᮝಽšญ⧁ᙹᯩʑভྙᨱ4D CAD᮹ᖒŝෝ
⠪a⦹ʑ ᭥⦽ ᱢᱩ⦽ ʑჶᯕ ࢁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
BSCʑၹᮝಽ4D CAD ᜅ▽᮹⪽ᬊᖒ⠪aෝ᭥⦽ᖒŝḡ⢽
᮹ }ၽ ᱩ₉۵ Fig.1ŝ z݅.
ຝᱡ, ᯱഭᙹḲᮥ☖⧕4D CAD ᜅ▽᮹⪽ᬊʑ܆ŝᖒŝḡ⢽
⧎༊ᮥᇥᕾ⦹Ł, 1₉ᱢᮝಽᵲᱱ༊⢽, šᱱᄥᖒŖ⧖ᝍᯙၰ
⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽ෝ᯲ᖒ⦽݅. ᱥྙa᮹᮹čᙹಕᮥ☖⧕⩲᮹ࡽᔍ⧎
ᮝಽ 2₉ ⠪a⧎༊ᮥ Ǎᖒ⦹Ł ᯕෝ ᝅྕ Ğಆᯕ 10֥ ᯕᔢᯙ
Ŗᯱ, ᖅĥᯱ, qญᯱ, ၽᵝᯱॅ᮹ᖅྙᮥ☖⧕ᱢ⧊ᖒᮥá᷾⧉
ᮝಽ៉ ↽᳦ᱢᯙ ᖒŝḡ⢽ෝ ࠥ⇽⦽݅.
əญŁࠥ⇽ࡽᖒŝḡ⢽ॅ᮹4D CAD ᯦ࠥŝᬕᬊᨱၙ⊹۵
ᩢ⨆ᱶࠥෝᇥᕾ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᖅྙḡෝ႑⡍⦹ᩍÕᖅᝅྕᯱॅಽᇡ
░ ᖒŝḡ⢽ॅ᮹ aᵲ⊹ෝ ᔑᱶ⦽݅.
2.2 নրඝԹࢳଡ׆ొୀ߹ு
4D CAD۵3₉ᬱ᯦ℕࠥ໕ŝeᱶᅕෝw۵Ŗᱶ⢽᪡᮹
ᩑĥෝ ☖⧕ Ŗᔍ Ğŝ eᨱ ෙ ᖅྜྷ᮹ ᪥ᖒᔢ┽ෝ
VR(Virtual Reality) ʑᚁಽ ӹ┡ԝ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
Ⅹʑ 4D CAD۵ Ŗ ⥥ಽ᱾✙ ĥ⫮᮹ ᯕ⧕ࠥෝ ḡᬱ⦹ʑ
Fig. 2. Strategy Map for Developing Indexes
᭥⦽b⪵ࠥǍ᭥ᵝಽ⪽ᬊࡹᨩᮝӹ↽ɝᨱ۵እᬊ, ᯱᬱ, ญᜅⓍ
॒᮹ ݅᧲⦽ ᇥᕾ ʑ܆ᮝಽ ⪶ᰆࡹŁ ᯩ݅(vᯙᕾ 2012).
Table 2۵ᔢᬊ4D CAD ᜅ▽ŝʑ᳕ྙ⨭ᇥᕾᮥ☖⧕Õᖅ
⥥ಽ᱾✙݉ĥᄥಽᱢᬊa܆⦽4D CAD ʑ܆ॅᮥ ӹ┡ԕŁᯩ݅.
ᇥᕾࡽ ʑ܆ॅᮡ ᔢᬊ ʑ܆ᐱอ ᦥܩ ݅᧲⦽ ʑᚁᯕ ᱲ༊ࡽ
ᇡaʑ܆ॅʭḡ ⡍⧉⦹Ł ᯩᮝ໑, ᯕෝ ʑ⫮, ʑᅙ/ᝅᖅĥ ၰ
Ŗ݉ĥಽ Ǎᇥ⦹ᩍ ᱽ⦹ᩡ݅(vᯙᕾ 2012).
2.3 BSC׆ࢱনրඝট୨
ʑ᳕ₙŁྙ⨭ၰ ᖒŝḡ⢽}ၽᔍಡá☁ෝ☖⦽ʑⅩᯱഭෝ
⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍFig. 2᪡zᯕ4D CAD ᯦ࠥၰᬕᬊ᮹ᖒŝḡ⢽}ၽᮥ
᭥⦽BSC ᱥఖ๖ᮥǍᖒ⦹ᩡ݅. ᱥఖ๖ᮡᱥఖ༊⢽ݍᖒᮥ᭥⧕
⦥⦽⪽࠺ॅ᮹ᯙŝšĥෝӹ┡ԙäᮝಽᕽ4aḡšᱱŝᖒŖ⧖
ᝍᯙॅ᮹ ᔢ⪙šĥෝ ӹ┡ԙ݅.
4D CAD ᯦ࠥၰᬕᬊ⠪aෝ᭥⦽ᱥఖ๖ᮡŁ~อ᳒ࠥ, ⥥ಽᖙ ᜅ, ʑᚁḡᬱƱᮂၰᱶ₦, ⚍ᯱእᬊ⪶ᅕಽǍᖒ⦹Ł⚍ᯱእᬊ
⪶ᅕšᱱᯕ๖᮹aᰆ⦹ᇡᨱ႑⊹ࡽ݅. ᯕ۵ᯙŝšĥaᦥ௹ᨱᕽ
᭥ಽᱥݍࡹᨕ↽᳦༊⢽ᯙ4D CAD ⪽ᬊᖒᮥɚݡ⪵⧁ᙹᯩ݅.
ᷪ, ᩑǍእᬊၰƱᮂḡᬱ᮹ᯱᅙ⪶ᅕ۵⬉ᮉᱢᯙʑᚁಆ⪶ᅕ᪡
ᯙಆ᧲ᖒᨱʑᩍ⦹Łʑᚁಆ⪶ᅕၰᯙಆ᧲ᖒᮡÕᖅŖᔍ᮹ʑ⫮, ᖅĥ, Ŗ݉ĥᨱᕽ᮹ 4D CAD ᬕᩢ ⪽ᬊࠥෝ ᷾ݡ┅۵
ᩎ⧁ᮥᙹ⧪⦹íࡽ݅. ᕽᯕ᪡zᮡᯙŝšĥॅᮡԕᇡ, ᇡ
Ł~᮹ อ᳒ࠥෝ ׳ᩍ ༊⢽ ݍᖒᨱ ʑᩍ⦹í ࡽ݅.
BSCʑၹᖒŝḡ⢽۵ᱥఖ๖ᮥʑⅩ⦹ᩍᩩእ⠪a⧎༊ॅᮥǍᖒ
⦹Ł, ᯕෝᝅྕᯱॅ᮹ᖅྙŝᯙ░ቑෝ☖⧕↽᳦ᱢᮝಽᖁᱶࡽ݅.
ᩩእ⠪a⧎༊ᮡÕᖅ݉ĥᄥᵝ⪽ᬊʑ܆ॅŝᨦྕอ᳒ࠥෝ ⠪a
⧁ᙹᯩࠥಾྙ⨭Łₑᮥ☖⧕ࠥ⇽⦹ᩡ݅. ✚⯩4D CAD ʑ܆᮹
⪽ᬊჵ᭥a⪶ݡࢉᨱʑᨦ₉ᬱᨱᕽ᮹ḡᬱၰᬕᩢ⪹Ğᯕ
ၹᩢࢁ⦥ᖒᯕᯩᮝအಽ, ᯕෝ ᭥⦽⠪a⧎༊ॅࠥ ⡍⧉⦹ᩡ݅.
ᝅྕᯱॅ᮹ᖅྙŝᯙ░ቑෝ ☖⧕ᖁᱶࡽšᱱᄥᖒŖ⧖ᝍᯙ ŝ ⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽۵ Table 3ŝ zᯕ ࠥ⇽ ࡹᨩ݅.
Ł~อ᳒ࠥšᱱᮡ4D CAD᮹⪽ᬊࠥ᮹อ᳒ࠥෝ⠪a⦹۵
ḡ⢽ಽ៉ᝅḩᱢᮝಽ4D CAD ᜅ▽ᮥᔍᬊ⦹۵ᝅྕᯱෝԕᇡ Ł~ᮝಽ, ⚍ᯱᯱᯙၽᵝᯱ۵ᇡŁ~ᮝಽǍᇥ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ۵ᯝၹ ᱢᯙŁ~อ᳒ᮥ ☖⦽ Ł~ᮁḡ ၰ ᮁ⊹ᐱอᦥܩ ᝅྕᯱ᮹
ᨦྕอ᳒ࠥᇥᕾᮥ☖⧕ᕽᨦྕ⬉ᮉᖒᮥɚݡ⪵⦹ʑ᭥⧉ᯕ݅.
ᇡŁ~อ᳒ࠥ⨆ᔢᮥ᭥⦽⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽۵ʑ⫮ᇡ░Ŗ݉ĥ ʭḡᙹ⧪ࡹ۵ᝅྕ⫭᮹ᨱᕽ4D CAD ⪽ᬊอ᳒ࠥෝ⠪a⧁
ᙹᯩࠥಾǍᖒ⦹ᩡŁ, ԕᇡŁ~อ᳒ࠥ⨆ᔢᨱᕽ۵ʑ⫮ᇡ░Ŗ
݉ĥʭḡbb᮹ᨦྕᨱᕽ4D CAD ⪽ᬊᝅྕᯱ᮹ᨦྕอ᳒ࠥ
ෝ ⠪a⧁ ᙹ ᯩࠥಾ Ǎᖒ⦹ᩡ݅.
⚍ᯱእᬊ⪶ᅕšᱱᮡ4D CAD ℕĥෝ⬉ᮉᱢᮝಽᬕᩢšญ⧁
ᙹᯩࠥಾᰍᱶᱢᮝಽษӹḡᬱᯕa܆⦽aෝ⠪a⦹۵ḡ⢽ಽ
}ၽ⦹ᩡ݅. ✚⯩ ᜅ▽ ᬕᩢእᐱอ ᦥܩ ᩑǍ}ၽእ, Ʊᮂ
⬩ಉእෝ Łಅ⧉ᮝಽ៉ ḡᗮᱢᯙ ᝁʑᚁ ၰ ʑ܆ }ၽᮥ ☖⦽
4D CAD ᜅ▽᮹ၽᱥᮥ⇵Ǎ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕෝ᭥⦽⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽۵
ᩑǍ}ၽእ⚍ᯱእᵲ, Ʊᮂ⬩ಉ⚍ᯱእᵲ, ᰆእǍ⇶ᮥ᭥⦽⚍ᯱ
እᵲᮝಽ Ǎᖒ⦹ᩡ݅.
⥥ಽᖙᜅ⪽ᬊšᱱᮡ݅᧲⦽4D CAD ʑ܆ॅᮥ⧕ݚ⥥ಽ᱾✙
ᨱ ษӹ ⬉ᮉᱢᮝಽ ᱢᬊ⦹ᩍ ᔍᬊ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵aෝ ⠪a⦹۵
ḡ⢽ᯕ݅. }ၽࡽᖒŝḡ⢽۵ǎԕ}ၽᜅ▽ၰྙ⨭ᇥᕾᮥ
☖⧕ ࠥ⇽⦽ 4D CAD ʑ܆ ᭥ᵝಽ Ǎᖒ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ʑ⫮, ᖅĥ,
Ŗ݉ĥᄥ⪽ᬊᖒᮥ⠪a⧁ᙹᯩࠥಾ⦹ᩡ݅. ʑ⫮݉ĥᨱᕽ۵
ĞšၰǍ᳑ྜྷ႑⊹, ᵝᄡ⪹Ğ, Ʊ☖ญá☁᪡zᯕ}ఖᱢᯙ
ᖅĥá☁ෝ⧁ᙹᯩࠥಾǍᖒ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᖅĥ݉ĥᨱᕽ۵݉໕᪅ඹ, ᖅĥᱢ⧊ᖒá☁ၰŖeĥ⫮॒᮹ᔢᖙᖅĥෝ᭥⦽⪽ᬊᖒ⠪aಽ
Ǎᖒ⦹ᩡ݅. əญŁŖ݉ĥ۵Ŗᱶၰḥࠥšญ᪡Ŗᖒᇥᕾ, እᬊ/ᯱᬱšญ, ᦩᱥƱᮂ, ᖅĥᄡĞ॒᮹⩥ᰆšญᨱݡ⦽⪽ᬊᖒᮥ
⠪a⦹ࠥಾ Ǎᖒ⦹ᩡ݅.
ʑᚁḡᬱƱᮂ ၰ ᱶ₦ šᱱᮡ 4D CAD ℕĥෝ ⬉ᮉᱢᮝಽ
ᔍᬊ⦹ʑ᭥⦽ʑᚁಆŝᯕෝᙹ⧪⧁ᙹᯩ۵ᯙಆᮥษӹᅕᮁ⦹
Łᯩᮝ໑, ᯕෝ᭥⦽יಆᮥษӹ⦹۵aෝ⠪a⦹ʑ᭥⦽ḡ⢽ಽ
}ၽ⦹ᩡ݅. ᷪʑᚁḡᬱƱᮂᮡ4D CAD ℕĥ᮹⬉ᮉᱢᯙᬕᩢš ญෝ ᭥⦽ Ʊᮂℕĥ ၰ ʑᚁಆ ⊂ᱶᮥ ᭥⦽ ⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽ಽ៉
šಉᩑǍ⥥ಽ᱾✙ᙹ⧪ᝅᱢၰ3D ༉ߙยᙹᵡ, ᱶᅕ⪵ࠥǍ
⪽ᬊᖒၰᜅ▽Ǎ⇶ᙹᵡᮝಽǍᖒ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᯙಆ᧲ᖒᮥ᭥⦽
⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽۵⥥ಽəఉƱᮂᙹᵡၰ⬩ಉኩࠥ, ᱶᅕ⪵Ʊᮂᮥ
ᙹഭ⦽ᝁȽᯙಆ₥ᬊእᵲᮝಽǍᖒ⦹ᩡ݅. əญŁᱶ₦ၹᩢᮥ
᭥⦽ḡ⢽۵ᱶ₦ᄡĞᨱ݅ෙᷪbᱢᯙၹ᮲ᙹᵡᮝಽǍᖒ⦹ᩡ݅.
Table 3. Indexes for Availability Assessment of Introduction 4D CAD
perspective CSF KPI
C.
Customer satisfaction
C.a
External customer satisfaction
C.a.1 What is the satisfaction degree of working-level meeting with simulation in planning phase?
C.a.2 What is the satisfaction degree of working-level meeting with simulation in design phase?
C.a.3 What is the satisfaction degree of working-level meeting with simulation in construction phase?
C.a.4 What is the satisfaction degree of simulation for corporate public relations and advertisement?
C.b
Internal customer satisfaction
C.b.1 What is the satisfaction degree of business process with 4D CAD in planning phase?
C.b.2 What is the satisfaction degree of business process with 4D CAD in design phase?
C.b.3 What is the satisfaction degree of business process with 4D CAD in construction phase?
C.b.4 What is the satisfaction degree of simulation for corporate public relations and advertisement?
E.
Securement of investment cost
E.a Research support
E.a.1 How much is the investment proportion of research and development cost for 4D CAD technical development?
E.b Education support
E.b.1 How much is the investment proportion of education and training cost for manpower training of 4D CAD systems?
E.c Equipment support
E.c.1 How much is the investment proportion of purchasing equipment (hardware, software etc.) for developing 4D CAD systems?
P.
Process P.a
Efficiency improvement for
planning phase
P.a.1 What is the availability degree of scene simulation?
P.a.2 What is the availability degree of planning simulation for building arrangement?
P.a.3 What is the availability degree of influence review simulation for the surrounding environment?
P.a.4 What is the availability degree of planning simulation for the traffic management?
P.b
Efficiency improvement for
design phase
P.b.1 What is the availability degree of review simulation for the cross section errors?
P.b.2 What is the availability degree of constructability review simulation?
P.b.3 What is the availability degree of review simulation for design adequacy?
P.b.4 What is the availability degree of review simulation for space planning?
P.c
Efficiency improvement for
construction phase
P.c.1 What is the availability degree of schedule management simulation?
P.c.2 What is the availability degree of progress management simulation?
P.c.3 What is the availability degree of constructability analysis simulation?
P.c.4 What is the availability degree of cost and resources management simulation?
P.c.5 What is the availability degree of safety education simulation for safety accident prevention?
P.c.6 What is the availability degree of simulation for the design changes?
G.
Education process and
policy
G.a Technology development
G.a.1 What is the performance degree of information and technology projects related 3D and 4D?
G.a.2 What is the availability degree of 3D modeling?
G.a.3 What is the availability degree of information technology tools for schedule management?
G.a.4 What is the buid-up degree of information system (hardware, software)?
G.b Manpower training
G.b.1What is the education level of program related information technology for employees?
G.b.2 What is the frequency level of education and training implementation for employees?
G.b.3 How much is the employment proportion of new manpower trained information technology education?
G.c Policy reflection G.c.1 What is the reflection level by changing policy?
3. ᖅྙ᳑ᔍෝ☖⦽4D CAD ᯦ࠥ⪽ᬊᖒ⠪aᖒŝḡ⢽᮹
aᵲ⊹ᖁᱶ
ᦿᕽ ࠥ⇽ࡽ ᖒŝḡ⢽ॅᮡ 4aḡ šᱥᄥಽ ᔢ⪙ ࠦพᱢᮝಽ
ᖁᱶࡹᨩ݅. ᕽ4D CAD ᯦ࠥၰᬕᬊ᮹⪽ᬊᖒᮥᱶపᱢᯕŁ
☖⧊ᱢᮝಽ⠪a⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵እᵲᯕᕽಽ ݅ෙᖒŝḡ⢽ॅ᮹
ᵲࠥෝ đᱶ⦹ᩍ ⦽݅.
3.1 ডࢂॷԹ૬
ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᖒŝḡ⢽ॅ᮹aᵲ⊹ᔑᱶᮥ᭥⧕☁༊Ŗᔍ⩥ᨦ
Fig. 3. Weighting Values by Work-Scope Perspective
Fig. 4. Weighting Values of CSF by Customer Satisfaction Perspective
Fig. 5. Weighting Values of KPI for Customer Satisfaction Perspective
Fig. 6. Weighting Values of CSF by Investment Cost Perspective ᨱ᳦ᔍ⦹۵Õᖅᱥྙaෝݡᔢᮝಽᖅྙᮥᝅ⦹ᩡ݅. ᖅྙʑe
ᮡ2010֥8ᬵ9ᯝᇡ░9ᬵ10ᯝʭḡ᧞30ᯝeᯕ໑, ᖅྙႊჶᮡ
ᕽ໕ ੱ۵ e-mail ၽᘂ ၰ ႊྙᨱ ᮹⦽ ໕ݕᮥ ☖⦹ᩍ ᖅྙᮥ
ᝅ⦹ᩡ݅. ᖅྙ ⫭ᙹᮉᮡ ⅾ 100ᇡᨱ ݡ⧕ 60ᇡอ ⫭ᙹࡹᨕ
ⅾ60%᮹ᖅྙ᮲ݖශᮥᅕᩡ݅. ᖅྙ⩶ᮡAHP ႊჶುᮥ⪽ᬊ
⦹ᩡᮝ໑, bbᖒŝḡ⢽ॅe᮹ᝮݡእƱෝ☖⧕aᵲ⊹ෝᇥᕾ⦹
ࠥಾ Ǎᖒ⦹ᩡ݅.
ᖅྙݡᔢ᮹Ḣྕ⩥⫊ᮡŖᔍ(60%), qญᔍ(22%), ᖅĥᔍ (18%)ಽǍᖒࡹŁ, ᖅྙݡᔢ᮹45%ᯕᔢᯕ10֥ᯕᔢ᮹ᝅྕĞಆ
ᮥ ᅕᮁ⦽ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
3.2 ডࢂॷंজէր
ᖒŝḡ⢽ॅ᮹aᵲ⊹ᇥᕾᮡAHP ᇥᕾᗭ⥥✙ᭉᨕ➉┅ḡᯙ
“ExpertChoice 2000”ᮥᔍᬊ⦹ᩡ݅. əญŁᯱഭ᮹ᝁࠥෝ᭥
⧕ᕽ AHP᮹ ᯝšᖒ እᮉᯕ 10% ᯕᔢᯙ aᵲ⊹อᮥ ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍ
ᔑᱶ⦹Ł ᨦྕᄥಽ Ŗᔍ, qญᔍ, ᖅĥᔍಽ Ǎᇥ⦹ᩡ݅.
3.2.1 ւԧண౿ंজ
b šᱱᄥ aᵲ⊹ ᇥᕾđŝᨱᕽ۵ Fig. 3ŝ zᯕ ⠪Ɂᱢᮝಽ
Ł~อ᳒ࠥ, ⚍ᯱእᬊ⪶ᅕ, ⥥ಽᖙᜅ⪽ᬊ, ʑᚁḡᬱƱᮂၰᱶ₦
ᙽᮝಽaᵲ⊹a׳ᮡäᮝಽӹ┡ӽ݅. ✚⯩, Ł~อ᳒ࠥšᱱᨱᕽ ۵qญᨦྕaaᰆ׳ᮡaᵲ⊹ෝӹ┡ԕ۵ߑᯕ۵qญᔍ᮹ᵝ
ᨦྕaၽᵝᯱၰŁ~ॅ᮹qࠦݡ⧪ᨱෙᨦྕᱢ✚Ḷᨱʑᯙ⦽
äᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅. ੱ⦽⚍ᯱእᬊ⪶ᅕšᱱᨱᕽ۵Ŗᨦྕaaᰆ
׳ᮡaᵲ⊹ෝӹ┡ԙäᮡᝅᱽᨦྕෝᙹ⧪⧉ᨱᯩᨕaᰆฯᮡ
እᬊᯕ Ǎࡹအಽ እᬊ⪶ᅕᨱ ᵲᱱᮥ ࢵ äᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.
3.2.2 ճԺܑւ
Ł~อ᳒ࠥ šᱱ᮹ ᖒŖ⧖ᝍᯙᨱ ݡ⦽ aᵲ⊹۵ Fig. 4᪡
zᯕᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅. Fig. 4ෝᔕ⠕ᅕ໕Ł~อ᳒ࠥ᮹ᖒŖ⧖ᝍᯙᯙ
ᇡŁ~ၰԕᇡŁ~ᨱݡ⦽aᵲ⊹۵qญ, ᖅĥ, Ŗᨦྕ
༉ࢱ ᇡ Ł~᮹ aᵲ⊹a ׳ᮡ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
ԕᇡŁ~᮹⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽ᨱݡ⦽aᵲ⊹ෝᇥᕾ⦽đŝ۵
Fig. 5᪡zᯕᇡŁ~ᮡᖅĥ, ʑ⫮, Ŗ, ʑᨦ⪮ᅕၰŲŁ
ᙽᮝಽaᵲ⊹a׳íӹ┡ԍᮝ໑, ԕᇡŁ~ᮡᖅĥ, Ŗ, ʑ⫮, ʑᨦ⪮ᅕ ၰ ŲŁ ᙽᮝಽ aᵲ⊹a ׳í ӹ┡ԍ݅.
✚⯩, ᖅĥ݉ĥᨱᕽ᮹4D CAD ⪽ᬊaᵲ⊹۵ԕᇡ༉ࢱ
aᰆ׳íӹ┡ԍᮝ໑, ᨦྕᄥᇥᕾᨱᕽ۵ᖅĥᨦྕa݅ෙᨦྕᨱ
እ⧕ aᵲ⊹a aᰆ ׳ᮡ äᮝಽ ᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅.
3.2.3 റୀणค࣪ւ
⚍ᯱእᬊ⪶ᅕ᮹ᖒŖ⧖ᝍᯙᨱݡ⦽aᵲ⊹۵Fig. 6ŝzᯕ
ᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅. ⚍ᯱእᬊ⪶ᅕᨱᕽ۵⠪ɁᱢᮝಽᩑǍ, Ʊᮂ, ᰆእḡᬱ ᯕእ⦽aᵲ⊹ෝaḡ۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ə్ӹᖅĥᨦྕᨱᕽ۵
ᩑǍḡᬱᖒŖ⧖ᝍᯙᨱⓑaᵲ⊹ෝᅕᯕ۵ߑ, ᯕ۵ᱱᱱᅖᰂ⪵ࡹ
۵3D ၰ4D ~ℕ༉ߙย᯲ᨦॅ᮹ᗭࡹ۵እᬊŝeᮥ݉⇶┅
ʑ ᭥⦽ ᩑǍḡᬱᨱ šᝍᯕ ׳ᦥḥ äᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.
Fig. 7. Weighting Values of CSF by Process Perspective
Fig. 8. Weighting Values of KPI for Process Perspective
Fig. 9. Weighting Values of CSF by Education Process and Policy Perspective
Fig. 10. Weighting Values of KPI for Education Process and Policy Perspective
3.2.4 ඹߦপਆւ
⥥ಽᖙᜅšᱱ᮹ᖒŖ⧖ᝍᯙaᵲ⊹۵Fig. 7ŝzᯕ⠪Ɂᱢᮝಽ
ᖅĥ, ʑ⫮, Ŗ݉ĥᙽᮝಽaᵲ⊹aӹ┡ӽ݅. ᨦྕᄥಽ۵ʑ⫮݉
ĥᨱᕽqญᨦྕa׳ᮡaᵲ⊹ෝӹ┡ԕ۵ၹ໕ᖅĥᨦྕ۵aᰆ
ԏᮡaᵲ⊹ෝӹ┡ԕŁᯩ݅. ᖅĥ݉ĥᨱᕽ۵ᖅĥᨦྕa׳ᮡaᵲ
⊹ෝӹ┡ԕŁ, qญᨦྕ۵aᰆԏᮡaᵲ⊹ෝӹ┡ԙ݅. Ŗ݉ĥᨱ ᕽ۵ qญ, ᖅĥ, Ŗᨦྕ ༉ࢱ እ⦽ aᵲ⊹ෝ ᅕᯕŁ ᯩ݅.
Fig. 8ᮡ⥥ಽᖙᜅ᮹⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽ᨱݡ⦽aᵲ⊹đŝෝӹ┡ԙ
݅. b݉ĥෝᨦྕᄥಽᇥᕾ⦹໕, ʑ⫮݉ĥᨱᕽqญᨦྕ۵Ǎ᳑ྜྷ
႑⊹, ᵝᄡ⪹Ğá☁, Ğš, Ʊ☖ญᇥᕾᙽᕽᯕŁ, ᖅĥᨦྕ۵
Ʊ☖ญᇥᕾ, Ǎ᳑ྜྷ႑⊹, ᵝᄡ⪹Ğá☁, Ğšᙽᕽᯕ໑, Ŗᨦ
ྕ۵ Ǎ᳑ྜྷ ႑⊹, Ğš, Ʊ☖ญ ᇥᕾ, ᵝᄡ ⪹Ğá☁ ᙽᕽಽ
aᵲ⊹a ᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅.
ᖅĥ݉ĥᨱᕽ۵ᖅĥᨦྕෝᱽ⦹Ł݉໕᪅ඹá☁, Ŗᖒ
á☁, ᖅĥᱢ⧊ᖒá☁, Ŗeĥ⫮á☁ᙽᮝಽaᵲ⊹aᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅.
Ŗ݉ĥᨱᕽ᮹aᵲ⊹۵Ŗᱶšญ, ḥࠥšญ, Ŗᖒᇥᕾ, እᬊ/
ᯱᬱ ᇥᕾ, ᦩᱥᔍŁ, ᖅĥ ᄡĞá☁ ᙽᮝಽ ᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅.
3.2.5 ׆২֗ଖࢫ୨థւ
ʑᚁƱᮂḡᬱၰᱶ₦šᱱ᮹ᖒŖ⧖ᝍᯙaᵲ⊹۵Fig. 9᪡
zᯕᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅. Fig. 9ෝᔕ⠕ᅕ໕ʑᚁಆ⪶ᅕ, ᯙಆ᧲ᖒ, ᱶ₦ၹ
ᩢᙽᕽಽaᵲ⊹aӹ┡ԍᮝ໑, ᨦྕᄥᇥᕾੱ⦽⠪Ɂŝᮁᔍ⦹í
ӹ┡ԍ݅. ✚⯩ʑᚁಆ⪶ᅕaᯙಆ᧲ᖒၰᱶ₦ၹᩢᨱእ⧕2႑a ప ׳ᮡ äᮝಽ ᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅.
Fig. 10ᮡʑᚁḡᬱƱᮂၰᱶ₦šᱱ⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽ॅ᮹aᵲ
⊹ෝӹ┡ԙ݅. Fig. 10ŝzᯕʑᚁಆ⪶ᅕᖒŖ⧖ᝍᯙᨱ⧕ݚ
⦹۵ḡ⢽ॅᮡᖅĥᨦྕෝᱽ⦹Ł⠪Ɂŝእ⦽aᵲ⊹sᮥ
ӹ┡ԕ໑, ᖅĥᨦྕ۵3D ༉ߙย⪽ᬊࠥḡ⢽ᨱ׳ᮡsᮥw۵
ၹ໕Ŗᱶšญၰᱶᅕ⪵ᜅ▽Ǎ⇶ᙹᵡḡ⢽ᨱ۵⠪Ɂᯕ⦹᮹
sᮥᅕᯕŁᯩ݅. ᯙಆ᧲ᖒᖒŖ⧖ᝍᯙḡ⢽᮹aᵲ⊹۵qญ ᨦྕෝᱽ⦹Ł⠪Ɂŝእ⦽aᵲ⊹sᮥӹ┡ԕŁᯩᮝ໑, qญᨦྕ۵ᱶᅕ⪵šಉ⥥ಽəఉᨱ⠪Ɂᯕ⦹᮹sᮥᅕᯕŁᯩ۵
ၹ໕Ʊᮂ⬩ಉၰᝁȽᯙಆ₥ᬊᨱ׳ᮡaᵲ⊹sᮥӹ┡ԕŁ
ᯩ݅.
3.2.6 ડࡿনրඝট০
Fig. 11ᮡᨦྕᄥᖒŝḡ⢽᮹aᵲ⊹ၰᬑᖁᙽ᭥ෝӹ┡ԕŁ
ᯩ݅. ᯕ۵ᨦྕᄥಽ4D CAD ⪽ᬊᖒ⠪aᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵ᖒŝḡ
⢽᮹ᱶࠥෝ❭ᦦ⧁ᙹᯩí⧉ᮝಽ៉⬉ᮉᱢᯙᖒŝḡ⢽šญෝ
a܆⦹í ⦽݅.
⦽ᩩಽFig. 11ᨱᕽⅾ⧊ᨦྕᄥᖒŝḡ⢽᮹aᵲ⊹ၰᬑᖁᙽ᭥
ෝ ᔕ⠕ᅕ໕, aᰆ ׳ᮡ ᬑᖁᙽ᭥۵ C.a.2ᯕŁ, ə अ۵ C.a.1, C.a.3, E.a.1, C.b.2 ᙽᕽಽᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅. ᖅĥᨦྕᄥᖒŝḡ⢽᮹
ĞᬑᩎC.a.2 ᖒŝḡ⢽aaᰆ׳ᮡᬑᖁᙽ᭥ෝaḡ໑, E.a.1,
Fig. 11. Weighting Values and Priority List of CSF, KPI by Work-Cope
C.a.1, G.a.1, ᙽᕽಽᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅. qญᨦྕᨱᕽ᮹↽Łᬑᖁᙽ᭥
۵ C.a.1ᯕ໑, C.a.2, C.a.3, C.b.3, ᙽᮝಽ ᙽ᭥a đᱶࡹᨩ݅.
Ŗᨦྕ᮹ĞᬑᨱᕽࠥC.a.2aaᰆ׳ᮡᙽ᭥ಽđᱶࡹᨩ݅.
ᯕ᪡zᯕᨦྕᄥᖒŝḡ⢽᮹ᬑᖁᙽ᭥ᨱᕽ۵Ł~อ᳒ࠥ, ⚍ᯱእ ᬊ⪶ᅕšᱱᨱᗮ⦹۵ḡ⢽ॅᯕᬑᖁᙽ᭥a׳ᮡäᮝಽᇥᕾࡹᨩ ᮝ໑, ᯕ۵aᵲ⊹ᔑᱶᨱᕽŁ~อ᳒ࠥ᪡⚍ᯱእᬊ⪶ᅕaእƱᱢ
׳ᮡ aᵲ⊹ಽ ᔑᱶࡹᨩʑ ভྙᯕ݅.
4. 4D ᜅ▽᮹⪽ᬊࠥ⠪a༉⩶Ǎᖒၰӹญ᪅ʑၹᔍ ಡᱢᬊ
4.1 ฆܑඌԧࡦ෴
4D CAD ⪽ᬊࠥ⠪a༉⩶ᮡᖒŝḡ⢽ᄥaᵲ⊹ၰᬑᖁᙽ᭥ෝ
ʑⅩ⦹ᩍ4D CAD᮹᯦ࠥၰᬕᬊᨱݡ⦽⪽ᬊࠥᱶࠥෝᱶపᱢᮝ ಽ⠪a⧁ᙹᯩࠥಾ⦹ᩡ݅. 4D CAD ⪽ᬊࠥ⠪a༉⩶Ǎᖒࠥᮡ
Fig. 13. Weighting Values Database of CSF and KPI by Work-Scope
Fig. 14. Availability Assessment of 4D CAD Fig. 12. Process of Availability Assessment Model for 4D CAD
Fig. 12᪡zᯕǍᖒࡹ໑, ᦿᕽᙹ⧪ࡽᖒŝḡ⢽}ၽၰaᵲ⊹
ᔑᱶ݉ĥ᪡4D CAD ⪽ᬊࠥෝ⠪a⦹۵⠪a༉⩶݉ĥಽǍᖒ
ࡽ݅.
4D CAD ⪽ᬊࠥ⠪a༉⩶⥥ಽᖙᜅ۵ߑᯕ░᯦ಆ, ᱶపᱢ
ᇥᕾ, ⪽ᬊࠥ ࠥ⇽ ݉ĥಽ Ǎᖒࡽ݅. ຝᱡ ߑᯕ░ ᯦ಆ ݉ĥ۵
⠪aᯱ᮹ᨦྕෝǍᇥ⦹Łᨦྕᄥ⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽᮹⪽ᬊࠥᱱᙹෝ
5ᱱࠥᨱ᯦ಆ⧁ᙹᯩࠥಾǍᖒࡽ݅. əญŁᯕ۵ᱶపᱢ
ᇥᕾ݉ĥෝ☖⧕ᕽšᱱᄥ, ᖒŖ⧖ᝍᯙᄥ, ⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽ᄥ⪽ᬊ
ᱶࠥa ᔑᱶࡹᨕ ⪽ᬊࠥ ࠥ⇽ ݉ĥᨱᕽ 4D CAD ⪽ᬊᨱ ݡ⦽
ⅾťᱢᯙ ⪽ᬊࠥᱱᙹ᪡ ᖙᇡ ᖒŝᯙၰ ḡ⢽᮹ ᬑᖁᙽ᭥ၰ
⪽ᬊࠥᱱᙹෝ⪶ᯙ⧁ᙹᯩ݅. ᯕෝ☖⧕4D CAD᮹⪽ᬊᱶࠥෝ
❭ᦦ⦹Ł, ⪽ᬊᮥ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ ᗭॅᮥ ࠥ⇽⦹ᩍ ⬉ᮉᱢᮝಽ 4D CADෝ ⪽ᬊ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ݡ₦ᮥ ษಉ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
4.2 ਏيࠤૈ׆ࢱॷߢୡ
ᅙᱩᨱᕽ۵4D CAD ⪽ᬊࠥ⠪a༉⩶᮹ᱢᬊᖒᮥ❱݉⦹ʑ
᭥⦹ᩍ݅ᮭŝzᯕaᔢ᮹ӹญ᪅ෝ᯲ᖒ⦹ᩍ4D CAD ⪽ᬊᖒ
⠪aෝ ᝅ⦹ᩡ݅.
ℌṙ, Õᖅ⫭ᔍᨱᕽ⬉ᮉᱢᯙÕᖅ⥥ಽ᱾✙᮹ᬕᩢᮥ᭥⦽4D CADᜅ▽᮹᯦ࠥᩍᇡෝ❱݉⦹ʑ᭥⦽ʑᵡɝÑಽ៉ᅙ⠪a༉
⩶ᮥ ⪽ᬊ⦽݅.
ࢹṙ, 4D CAD ⪽ᬊᖒ⠪a༉⩶ᮥᔍᬊ⦹ᩍ⪽ᬊᖒᮥ⠪a⦹Ł,
⪽ᬊᖒᯕԏᮡᖒŝḡ⢽ෝࠥ⇽⦹ᩍݡ₦ᮥᙹพ⦽݅. ݡ₦ᙹพ
⬥ᰍ⪽ᬊᖒᮥ⠪a⦹ᩍ↽᳦ᱢᮝಽ4D CAD ᜅ▽᯦ࠥᩍᇡෝ
❱݉⦽݅.
4.2.1 ܁ଲഉߚ
4D CAD ⪽ᬊᖒ⠪a༉⩶ᨱᔍᬊࡹ۵ᖅᱶߑᯕ░sᮡⅾ⧊, qญ, ᖅĥ, Ŗᨦྕᄥಽᇥᕾࡹᨕḥaᵲ⊹sᮝಽǍᖒࡽ݅.
bb᮹ ᨦྕᄥ aᵲ⊹۵ Fig. 13ŝ z݅.
Fig. 14᪡zᯕᨦྕǍᇥᮥ☖⧕bb᮹ᨦྕෝᖁ┾⦹Ł⧖ᝍᖒ ŝḡ⢽ᄥ⠪aྙ⧎ᨱ5ᱱࠥෝʑၹᮝಽ⪽ᬊࠥ⠪aᱱᙹෝ
᯦ಆ⦽݅.
⪽ᬊࠥᱱᙹ۵60%a4D CAD ᯦ࠥၰᬕᬊ໕ᨱᕽᅕ☖ᯙ
ᙹᵡᮥӹ┡ԕ໑, 60%ᅕ݅ᯕᔢᯝᙹಾ⪽ᬊࠥa׳Ł, ᯕ⦹ᯝᙹಾ
ԏ݅. ᅙᔍಡᨱᕽ۵ᨦྕǍᇥᮥŖᮝಽᖁ┾⦹Ł⪽ᬊࠥsᮥ
᯦ಆ⦹ᩡ݅.
Fig. 15. Results of Availability Assessment for Case Project 4.2.2 էրՑഠ
5ᱱࠥෝ☖⦽⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽ᄥ⪽ᬊࠥs᯦ಆᯕ᪥ഭࡹ໕, Fig. 15᪡zᯕ4D CAD ⪽ᬊᖒ⠪ađŝෝ⪶ᯙ⧁ᙹᯩ݅.
đŝᇥᕾ⢽ෝᔕ⠕ᅕ໕, ᨦྕǍᇥᯕŖᨦྕಽᖅᱶࡹᨕᯩᮝ໑,
ⅾť⪽ᬊࠥᱱᙹ۵50.15%ಽ4D CAD ⪽ᬊࠥ۵ԏᮭŝᅕ☖᮹
ᵲe ᙹᵡᮝಽ ᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅. ᅕ݅ ᖙၡ⦽ ᇥᕾᮥ ᭥⧕ᕽ ᖙᇡᄥ
⪽ᬊࠥđŝෝᅕ໕, šᱱᄥಽ۵Ł~อ᳒ࠥa51.75%, ⚍ᯱእᬊ
⪶ᅕa 46.76%, ⥥ಽᖙᜅa 60.89%, ʑᚁḡᬱƱᮂ ၰ ᱶ₦ᯕ
42.34%ಽ⥥ಽᖙᜅšᱱᨱᕽaᰆ׳ᮡ⪽ᬊࠥෝaḡ໑, ʑᚁḡ ᬱƱᮂ ၰ ᱶ₦ šᱱᨱᕽ aᰆ ԏᮡ ⪽ᬊࠥෝ w۵ äᮥ ᙹ
ᯩ݅. 11}᮹ᖒŖ⧖ᝍᯙᄥ⪽ᬊࠥᇥᕾđŝᨱᕽ۵⥥ಽᖙᜅ
šᱱ᮹ʑ⫮݉ĥ᮹ᖒŖ⧖ᝍᯙᯕ71.06%ಽaᰆ׳Ł, ⚍ᯱእᬊ
⪶ᅕšᱱ᮹Ʊᮂၰᰆእḡᬱ, ʑᚁḡᬱƱᮂၰᱶ₦šᱱ᮹ᱶ₦ၹ
ᩢᖒŖ⧖ᝍᯙᯕ40%ಽaᰆԏíᇥᕾࡹᨩᮭᮥӹ┡ԙ݅. ੱ⦽
⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽ᄥ ⪽ᬊࠥᨱ ෙ ᙽ᭥ෝ ᔕ⠕ᅕ໕, E.a.1, E.c.1, C.a.2, E.b.1, C.a.1 ᙽᕽಽ⚍ᯱእᬊ⪶ᅕၰŁ~อ᳒ࠥšᱱᨱᕽ ᮹ ⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽ॅᯕ׳í ӹ┡ԍ݅. ၹ໕P.c.4, G.b.3, G.a.2, P.c.3 ᙽᕽಽ⥥ಽᖙᜅ, ʑᚁḡᬱƱᮂၰᱶ₦šᱱᨱᕽ᮹⧖ᝍᖒŝ ḡ⢽ॅᯕ ԏí ᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅.
ⅾťᱢᮝಽ4D CAD᮹ᝅྕ᯦ࠥᮥ᭥⦽ʑᨦԕᇡ᮹⪹Ğ
Ǎ⇶ᯕᦥḢၙ⯂⦽äᮝಽ❱݉ࡹᨩ݅. ᕽ4D CAD ⪽ᬊᖒᮥ
ᱡ⧕┅۵⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽⧎༊ॅᮥࠥ⇽⦹ᩍ4D CAD ᝅྕ᯦ࠥᮥ
᭥⦽ ⪹Ğ }ᖁ ݡ₦ᮥ ᙹพ⦹ᩍ ⦽݅.
ᬑᖁFig. 15᮹‘⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽⪽ᬊࠥᙽ᭥’ෝ☖⧕ᕽ⪽ᬊࠥa
aᰆ ԏᮡ ᖒŝḡ⢽ෝ ࠥ⇽⦽݅. aᰆ ԏᮡ ⪽ᬊࠥෝ ӹ┡ԕ۵
ᖒŝḡ⢽۵P.c.4, G.b.3, G.a.2, G.b.2G॒ᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅.
ᕽ P.c.4 (እᬊ/ᯱᬱšญ ဍ౩ᯕᖹ ⪽ᬊࠥ), G.b.2 (Ḣᬱॅ᮹
Ʊᮂ⬩ಉᝅኩࠥᙹᵡ)۵Ʊᮂ⬩ಉᝅኩࠥෝ׳ᯕ۵ݡ₦ᮥ
ษಉ⦹۵॒᮹ᖒŝḡ⢽᮹⪽ᬊࠥෝ׳ᯝᙹႊჶᮥvǍ⦹ᩍ
⦽݅. ੱ⦽, ⬉ᮉᱢᯙᖒŝḡ⢽ᄥݡ₦ᙹพᮥ᭥⦽⪽ᬊᱱᙹ᮹
᷾a⊹۵ ‘5ᱱ ࠥ ᯦ಆ⊹ ᷾aᇥ’ᮥ ☖⧕ ᇥᕾ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
‘5ᱱ᯦ࠥಆ⊹᷾aᇥ’ᨱᕽ۵ᖒŝḡ⢽ᄥಽ5ᱱࠥෝʑᵡ ᮝಽ᯦ಆ⦽s᮹᷾aపᨱෙⅾť⪽ᬊࠥᱱᙹෝӹ┡ԙ݅.
ᯕ۵ ᯦ಆ⊹ ᷾aᇥᨱ ᮹⦽ ⅾť ⪽ᬊࠥ ᱱᙹॅ ᵲ ᔢ᭥ 10%
sॅᯕ⢽ࢉᮝಽ៉ⅾť⪽ᬊࠥᱱᙹᨱaᰆฯᮡᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵
ᖒŝḡ⢽ෝᬑᖁᱢᮝಽ❭ᦦ⧁ᙹᯩ݅. ᕽE.c.1, E.a.1, C.a.2, E.b.1, C.a.1, C.a.3, C.b.2 ᖒŝḡ⢽a ⅾť ⪽ᬊࠥ sᨱ ฯᮡ
ᩢ⨆ᮥ ၙ⊹۵ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅. ə్အಽ ⅾť ⪽ᬊࠥ ᱱᙹෝ
⬉ŝᱢᮝಽ⨆ᔢ┅ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ᬑᖁᱢᮝಽ᭥᮹ᖒŝḡ⢽⧎༊ᨱ
ݡ⦽ݡ₦ᮥᙹพ⦹۵äᯕᮁญ⦹݅. ə్ӹAHPʑჶ᮹⦽ĥಽ
ᯙ⧕⠪a⧎༊ᄥᖒŝḡ⢽⧎༊}ᙹa࠺ᯝ⦹ḡᦫᮥĞᬑ, aᵲ⊹
᮹⠙₉aၽᔾ⦽݅. ᕽᖒŝḡ⢽⧎༊᮹}ᙹaᱢᮡE.c.1, E.a.1 ॒ᯕ}ᙹaฯᮡP.c.4, G.b.3 ॒᮹ḡ⢽ॅᅕ݅ᔢݡᱢᮝಽ
׳í ⠪aࡹŁ ᯩ݅۵ ᱱᮥ Łಅ⧁ ⦥a ᯩ݅.
5. đು
ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵Õᖅ⥥ಽ᱾✙ᨱBIM᮹ᱢɚᱢᯙ⪽ᬊᮥᮁࠥ⦹
ʑ ᭥⧕ BIM ࠥǍ᮹ ᝅྕ᯦ࠥ ᱢ⧊ࠥෝ ⠪a⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ⠪a
ḡ⢽ၰ༉⩶ᮥᱽ⦹ᩡ݅. ᅙᩑǍ᮹đŝෝ᧞⦹໕݅ᮭŝ
z݅.
ℌṙ, Õᖅᱶᅕ⪵ࠥǍ᮹ᝅྕ᯦ࠥ⪽ᬊᖒ⠪aෝ᭥⦽ᩑǍჵ᭥
ෝBIM ʑᚁᵲᝅྕᱢᮝಽaᰆฯᯕ⪽ᬊࡹŁᯩ۵4D CADಽ
⦽ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. əญŁ4D CAD᮹ᝅྕ᯦ࠥၰᬕᬊ᮹⪽ᬊᖒ⠪aෝ
᭥⧕ᕽ BSC ᖒŝšญʑჶᮥ ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍ ʑᨦ᮹ ԕᱢ ⪹Ğᮥ
Łಅ⦽⠪aḡ⢽ෝᱽ⦹ᩡ݅. ᱽࡽ⠪aḡ⢽۵ǎԕྙ⨭
ၰᔍಡᇥᕾŝ⩥ᰆᝅྕᯱၰBSC ᱥྙa᪡᮹⩲᮹ᨱ᮹⧕ࠥ⇽ࡹ
ᨩᮝအಽ ᯙᯱॅ᮹ ᝁᖒᯕ ⪶ᅕࢁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
ࢹṙ, ᖅྙ᳑ᔍෝ☖⧕ᖒŝḡ⢽ॅe᮹aᵲ⊹sᮥᱽ⦹ᩡ݅.
Ł~อ᳒ࠥᨱᕽ۵qญᨦྕ, ⚍ᯱእᬊ⪶ᅕᨱᕽ۵Ŗᨦྕ, ʑᚁ ḡᬱƱᮂၰᱶ₦ᨱᕽ۵ᖅĥᨦྕaaᰆⓑእᵲᮥ₉ḡ⦹ᩡᮝ໑,
⥥ಽᖙᜅ⪽ᬊ⊂໕ᨱᕽ۵ᖙaḡᨦྕaእ⦽ᙹᵡᮝಽᇥᕾࡹ
ᨩ݅. ᯕ᪡zᯕŖᔍ, ᖅĥᔍ, qญᔍᨦྕᄥಽᖒŖ⧖ᝍᯙŝ
⧖ᝍᖒŝḡ⢽ॅ᮹ᵲᱱšญᬑᖁᙽ᭥ෝ❭ᦦ⧉ᮝಽᕽ⬉ŝᱢᮝಽ
4D CAD᮹ ⪽ᬊࠥෝ ⠪a⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
ᖬṙ, 4D CAD ᯦ࠥᨱෙ⪽ᬊᖒ⠪a༉⩶ᮥᱽ⧉ᮝಽ៉
qญ, ᖅĥ, ŖᨦྕəญŁᯕෝ༉ࢱŁಅ⦽ⅾ⧊ᨦྕᄥၰ
ᖙᇡ šᱱॅᨱ ݡ⦽ ⪽ᬊ ᱶࠥෝ ᱶపᱢᯙ ᙹ⊹ಽ ⠪a⦹ᩡ݅.
ੱ⦽ᖒŝḡ⢽᮹ᬑᖁᙽ᭥ၰ᯦ಆ⊹᷾aపᨱෙⅾť⪽ᬊࠥ
ᱱᙹᄡ⪵పᮥӹ┡ԥᮝಽ៉⬉ᮉᱢᯙᖒŝḡ⢽šญෝa܆⦹í
⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ్⦽đŝ۵ӹญ᪅ᔍಡᇥᕾᮥ☖⧕, ᱽࡽ⠪a
༉⩶᮹ ┡ݚᖒᮥ á᷾⦹ᩡ݅.
qᔍ᮹ɡ
ᅙםྙ᮹ᯝᇡ۵2011֥ࠥᱶᇡ(Ʊᮂŝ⦺ʑᚁᇡ)᮹ᰍᬱᮝಽ
⦽ǎᩑǍᰍ݉᮹ḡᬱᮥၼᦥᙹ⧪ࡽᩑǍᯥ(No. 2011-0016064).
