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(1)æ~>Æ·~ã²æ. ò. Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 68~73, 2003. BÞ ;Î æ~ Ïêê Æ· 7.³ 5 ®² J" ï&. J*; ÁÒ' 1. 2. BÞ~ãö, BÞã&v ~ã¦ A Study on the Characteristical Evaluation of Metals and Fluorine Concentrations in the Southern Part of Seoul. Á. Hyun-Jung Oh1 Jae-Young Lee2 1. *Seoul Metropolitan Government Health and Environmental research Institute 2 Department of Environmental Engineering the university of Seoul. ABSTRACT This study performed from 2002. October to 2003 April. The samples were taken at 66 sites, divided into the 6 sections functionally in the southern part of Seoul such as Yangchon-gu, Kangseo-gu, Kuro-gu, Yeongdengpo-gu, Kwanak-gu, Dongjak-gu, Seocho-gu, Kangnam-gu, Songpa-gu, and Kangdong-gu. The result of research showed that each property soil was pH 4.7~9.5, Cd; 0.391 mg/kg (0.011~1.081 mg/kg), Cu; 12.35 mg/kg (0.061~73.62 mg/kg), Pb; 13.04 mg/kg (N.D.~61.85 mg/kg), Hg; 0.0866 mg/kg (N.D.~1.353 mg/kg), F; 206.8 mg/kg(47.1~561.1mg/kg). The minimum and maximum of the concentration with functional soils were Cd; 0.632 mg/kg for multi-purposed soil, 0.079 mg/kg for schools, Cu; 21.35 mg/kg for roadside, 2.159 mg/kg for schools, Pb; 24.70 mg/kg for roadside, 1.030 mg/kg for schools, Hg; 0.1780 mg/kg for multi purposed, 0.0087 mg/kg for schools. Especially F was the high concentration at the hills. Also the concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg and F at school Zone was detected such as low. area of schools area was detected the low concentrations as the items of Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, and F. The average concentrations of metals and fluorine in the survey area were below the Preliminary Standard of the Soil Preservation Acts in Korea. To evaluate the soil quality of these area showed as a good qualified results. The results of SQPI (Soil Quality Pollution Index the qualified results as much as 86.4%. Key words : property soil, southern part of Seoul, Soil Preservation Act, SQPI, Preliminary Standard. º £ ^. º Ïêê Æ·ö & 7.³ 5 ®² J" Ò¢ ~V *~ ; Îãö *~ 11B Ó(·Â, ;B , , ', &k, ÿ·, ;Î, ;ÿ, B.)öB jv' J" BW ªF ©b 6>º ê , Ë, vÚÿË, '~Ë, ö, £>V "æ , ÿn jv' Ò ¶ò& ¦~&~ Æ·j &çb, 6B~ Ï êê ò¢ j~ pH, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, F Ïj ªC~& . Ò Ö" Ïêê Æ·~ pHº 4.7~9.5~ º* ¾æÒb, 7.³ 5 ®² ï ³êº Cd 0.391 mg/kg(0.011~1.081 mg/kg), Cu 12.35 mg/kg(0.061~73.62 mg/kg), Pb 13.04 mg/kg(N.D.~61.85 mg/kg), Hg 0.0866 mg/kg(N.D.~1.3530 mg/kg), F 206 mg/kg(47.1~561 mg/kg)î . Ï êê Æ·ö & &, & ³êº Cd Ç«æ 0.632 mg/kg, vÏæ 0.079 mg/kg, Cuº êÏæ 21.35 mg/kg, vÏæ 2.159 mg/kg, Pbf êÏæ 24.70 mg/kg, vÏæ 1.030 mg/kg, Hgf Ç«æ 0.1780 mg/kg, vÏæ 0.0087 mg/kg, F~ ãÖ ª¢ 282 mg/kg, vÏæ164 mg/kg ¾æ¾B *Ú'b Cd, Cu, Hgf &¦ª '~Ëb Ï> ®º Ç«æ&, Pbf êÏæöB '' ¸f ³ê¢ ¾æÚî, Fº ª¢ æj &çb Æ·öB ¸ f ³ê¢ & . ¾ vÏæº Cd, Cu Pb, Hg, FöB ç&'b Ïêê Æ· Ôf ³ê¢ ¾æÚ î . Þ Ò&ç æ~ Æ·f ÖÒ¾¢ Æ· ~ã ÖJ V&öº &Ú '~&b SQPIº 17.0~211.1 Ò &ç Æ·~ 86.4%& 100òb &Ú 1/ö ~º ·^ Æ·îj Fæ~ ®º ©b Ò>î . "BÚ : Ïêê Æ·, BÞ ;Îæ, Æ·~ã*», Æ·î J"æ, ÖJV& *Corresponding author : [email protected] : 2003. 12. 03 : 2003. 12. 08 : 2004. 3. 30. ö7>¢ î~ 5 Æ~. ²Òß¢ ræ. 68.

(2) BÞ ;Î æ~ Ïêê Æ· 7.³ 5 ®² J" ï& 1.. 69. B . Æ·f VÁb" þ ê~ 7º Wº². . Ë ^ú ÿn æ æ'f bÒz' ³z 5 b' ·Ïj ö · " Wbj F~ º Æ·~ ;¢ <º² >î . Þ Öë~ B" ~ Ã&º · J"bî~ Wj ®z, ö ~ ~ã J"^Bº ·>î . ß® 20^V ê>. Ú ãBf Öë~ /³ WËf &Vf >²j J"Ê , Æ· J"b Úr . Æ· J"f Æ·Ú F«B J"bî Æ· ö O>Ú B~V& £ æ pb, ËV*~ Æ· Ú~¢ Û ³ê »'" þ Æ·j Ú &ê>, æ~>, ~Â, ·b ÿ b >~ãj J"Ê, Æ·j "*b Új&º Ò²" êö k'Ëj ~² B . ÖÒ¾¢~ Æ· J"ö & &f ³ãæ Æ· J"Oæ» B;B 70 j& .> ê, B® ZÁö7Ö" ³ãæ~ J" j 7b ~ ©, 1995j Æ· ~ã *» B; j êV 6N *' Î~ Æ· J" Òf z ®Ú öVb ãæ, J, Öëæ¢ *" "æ J"Æ·ö & &Ò ê Úr . 6 "¾öº "~ ;" *£J Ï > *' G~ Æ·J"ö & &ê Ã& >Ú& ® . ¾ f ?f Òº Æ· J" bî 5 ;z¢ ''b F > ®º Î"' >j B~æº á~& . ö * ö º Æ· J"&Ò¢ * Æ·~ã ï&B¢ ê«~, J"bî 5 J"ö¶ º*¢ {&~º . * ' '' NööB ~¢ º j ºW &v>î . ¾B 2002jöº Æ· ~ã *» j B; ~& . ¾ jçê ö j~ J" bî «~¾ BW Ò K ¦ªöB Wì ¦. ;, æ6ê F;ê Ïêê º J"&ËWj V &b “&”f “¾” æb B ªÁJ;~ ®º &æ ^B¢ p ® . ÖÒ¾¢~ z ê BÞò ~ê Ææ~ VË Ö ·~² ÒÏÏ' æÎ> ® ÒÏÏ'~ æzº Ï'ö V¢ J"bî ³ê 6 êF ©b 6B . º BÞ ;Î æj &çb 6B~ Ïêê Æ·ö & 7.³(Ò, Ï, Ú, >f)" ®² ³ê¢ Ò ~ ÒB ³ê¢ 7b * ³êf Æ· ~ã Ö JV& 5 SQPI¢ 'Ï, Æ·îj ï&~ *b Ï êê Æ·ö & 7.³ 5 ®² J" ßWö & V . ¶ò¢ B~¶ . 1-5). Fig. 1. A map of sampling points in Seoul.. 2.. þ O». òjº 2002j 10ú¦V 2003j 3úö öB ;Î æj &çb 11BÓöB 6B~ Ïêê Æ ·j F;~ C66B æ6~ ò¢ j~& . ¶^ òjæ6f Fig 1ö ¾æÚî . *¾Ò 5 ªCf Æ· J" ; þO»ö ~~. þ~&b, ³ê ;ïf FÎG;³ê çj ¦Â ³ ê ~& . 7.³f ICP OES(Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry)f FAAS(Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry)¢ Ï~ ªC~&, ®²º *¾Ò ";j ö 77êê¢ Ï~ ;ï ~& . 6,7). 3. 3.1. Ö" 5 V. &ç æ~ ³ê ßW. 3.1.1 pH. Ò &ç æ~ pHº Fig. 2ö B :f ? 4.5~9.2 ¾æÒ Ïêêº vÏæ& pH 7.8~9.8 7WöB £r¢ÒWj, ËÏæº pH 6.8~9.8 7Wö B £ rÒWj ¾æÚº ©b Ò >î . Ïêê Æ·~ pH 4.5~9.2º 2002j * Æ· pH 3.6~9.2f ?f BÞ J" æ6 pH 4.6~9.4 f jÝ > &b ¾æÒ . G. W. Thomas º pH& ¾æÚº B ÖW _f r¢ÒWf Æ·~ ôf ¶ö & Æ·~ "B ßWj Ö;~º ôf êæj & ~&, º ;Ö ç~ pH 2~3öB 7.³ 8,9). 10). 11,12). Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 68~73, 2003.

(3) 70. J*;ÁÒ'. Fig. 2. Variations of pH at various property areas (n=4).. ÏÂ &Ë ôf · Úæ 6N pH º*& ; ÖöB 7W¾ r¢ÒWb ê¯> ÏÂN 'Úæ¾ B ¶ç~ Æ·öBº Æ· jÏËK" ?f Ö ' º²~ ·Ïb pH& ;ÖW~ º *¢ ~z¢ê 7.³ ÏÂN Ô . *f ? f ' Vãb ÚÚ " r Ò &çæ~ Ï êê Æ·öB ¾æÂ ÖÒ¾¢ * Æ·~ ÆW" jÝ ~ jÞ Ú¶ ;ê ç~ 7.³ ³êö ÂB ~z¢ê ôf ·~ 7.³ ~ã 7b ÏÂ >æ p j ©b ºGB . 7.³(Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg) &ç æ Ïêê Æ·ö & 7.³ ³ê ªº Cdf Fig. 3, Cuº Fig. 4ö Pbf Fig. 5, Hgf Fig. 6ö '' B~& . ï ³ê ÚÚ 7.³f Cdf 0.391 mg/kg(0.011 ~1.081 mg/kg), Ïêêº &Ú '~Ëj &çb Ç«æ& 0.650 mg/kgb &Ë ¸~, v ÚÿË j &çb vÏæ& 0.079 mg/kg &Ë Ôf ³ ê¢ ¾æÚî . Òº 12.35 mg/kg(0.049 mg/kg~73.62 mg/kg), Ïê êº ·Â~ ËÏæ& 73.62 mg/kg ³ê¢, B. vÏæ& 0.112 mg/kg &Ë Ôf ³ê¢ '' 3.1.2.. Fig. 3. The average Cd-concentrations at various property areas (n=4). Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 68~73, 2003. Fig. 4. The averge Cu-concentrations at various property areas (n=4). ¾æÚî . Pbf 13.04 mg/kg(N.D.~61.85 mg/kg) Ïêêº ' ~ êÏæ& 61.85 mg/kgb & ³ê ¾ æÒ, vÏæ& 3.0 mg/kg~~ Ôf ³ê Ò >î . Hg ³êº 0.087 mg/kg(N.D.~1.353 mg/kg) Ïêê Æ ·f vÏæ& ND~0.028 mg/kg &³ê¢ ¾æÚî , Ç«æf Ë 5 çë Ïæ~ Hg ³ê& 0.178 mg/kg, 0.172 mg/kg '' ¾æ¾ & ³ê Ò>î . Þ &ç æö & 7.³ ï ³ê Cd 0.391 mg/kg, Cu 12.35 mg/kg, Pb 13.04 mg/kg, Hg 0.087 mg/kg. Fig. 5. The average Pb-concentrations at various property areas (n=4).. Fig. 6. The average Hg-concentrations at various property areas (n=4)..

(4) BÞ ;Î æ~ Ïêê Æ· 7.³ 5 ®² J" ï&. 71. f 2002j ?f *' Æ·j &çb Ò B ï ³ê Cd 0.118 mg/kg, Cu 7.327 mg/kg, Pb 9.11 mg/kg, Hg 0.550 mg/kg fº Cd 300%, Cu 170%, Pb 120%, Hg 160%~ ³ê &j ¸f >&b Ò>î, 2002j BÞ *Ú æj &çb J" æ6³ê 8). Cd 0.164 mg/kg, Cu 10.17 mg/kg, Pb 10.98 mg/kg, Hg 0.071. "º ³ê &j Cd 200%, Cu 120%, Pb 130%, Hg 120% '' * ³ê¾ BÞ J" æ6. ¸² ¾æÒ . ÆW" J"ö jv' ¢~ ©b .ç>º BÞ J" æ6" &ç æ"~ Ò æ6>¢ jv~ BÞ J" æ6f C 120B æ6 î, 7 J" ÖJ æê æ6 >º ÚÖ ¦V¾ Ææ BB æ 70B &Ë ôf æ6j Næ~ ® 6 Ë¾ öVb" &NB æ6f 30B æ6 îº > &ç æ6f C 66B æ6b 7 Ë 5 êæ, öVb ÷~Ë Næ~º æ6> & 33B æ6b *Ú æ6 >~ 1/2j Næ~ ®b¾ 2002j BÞ J" æ6f *Ú æ6>~ 1/4>&î. . *~ ãÖöB ÚÚ :f ? Ò &ç æ6~ 7.³ ³ê& BÞ J" æ6 jv' ¸f © f J" B WöB &ç æ BÞ æ6 ¸f © öb Òò> Ú ÚÚ " r * Æ· ³êfê ?f öb ÒòB . ¢>' b Æ·~ 7.³ 7 Cu, Hgf 7b~ Îzbî, FV b ï Ò æ' ïö V¢ ~ æ z' ïö²ö ~ ·~² ª B . öº ~ãJ"¾ Æ· jf ?f *' ºö ~ Ò~² >º ãÖ Pb" Cdf *' J "ö ~ Æ·ö Ò~² > º ãÖ¢ ~z¢ê &ç æ~ 7.³ ³êº &Ú Æ· ~ã ÖJ V&ö &Ú ' ³ê >&b ¾æÒ . mg/kg9). 8,9,13). 14-17). 18,19). ®²(F) &ç æ~ ®² ï ³êº 206 mg/kg(164~ 282 mg/kg) ¾æÒ . ®² ï ³ê 206 mg/kgf, ~ Æ· 0-3~ p ®² ïf 190 mg/kg, . º ¸f >&¾ 2002j * G; ï~ 196 mg/ kgfº æ6 ï³ê 211 mg/kg" jÝ ³ê > &î , Fleischer & Robinson ~ Æ· ï³ê 285 mg/kg"º 75%~ î . Ïêê Æ· ®² ³êº ª¢& 282 mg/kg ³ê ¢, vÏæ& 164 mg/kg & ³ê '' Ò>î . 3.1.3.. 20). 8,9). 21). Fig. 7. The fluorine concentrations at various property areas.. ß® Ïêê Æ· 7 ÿ· ª¢ ®² 473 mg/kgf .Â~ ª¢ ®² ³ê 561 mg/kg, Ç2~ ª¢®² 395 mg/kg Æ· J" ÖJV& “&” æ V& 400 mg/kgj ç²~º ¸f ³êæ6 ®î . ¶ f Æ· 7ö Ò~º ®²º zC~ ;W";öB W>º z C~ ¢¦ªb zC~ ³zö ";öB Æ·ö Ò~ º Æ·~ W Wª ¢ . Fleischer & Robinson z;z ~f z; Þîz~ ®² ï³ê¢ &Û 810 mg/kg¢ ~&º, ÿ·f .Â ª¢ æf z; Þîz, Ç2º z;z~~ ª& "~¢ ® . Steinkonig º Æ· ®²º Æ·~ã «« · «~~ æî jò ß® "Ö"(" Ö C²)ö ~ ÂNbB ®² »'~ &Ë 7º ö >, Ö ~ > ÒÏf Æ· ®²~ ³ê¢ çßÎ ~& . 6 Larsen & Widdoson f Æ·¾ b, æî jòö Ú®º ®² ³ê¢ &Û 3~30000 ppm;ê¢ ~ ® . 2002j *Æ· ®² ï ³êº 255 mg/kgî . 6 J~ BÞ z~ æ~ ï ®² ³êº 221 mg/ kgî . ÚöB Æ·²& Ï~ ®º Æ· ®² ï8 285 mg/kgj 'Ï ~z¢ê, Æ· ~ã*» “&”æ V& 400 mg/kgªj 6n r, ¢¦ £>V "æ Æ·~ Æ· ~ã ÖJ “&”æ V& j ç² ¸f ³êº ö «j Û ö«" þ &k ;>Ú^¢ ©b ÒòB . 22). 21). 23). 24). 25). &çæ~ Æ· î ï& Ò &ç æö & Æ· J"ê¢ v &æ O»j 'Ï~ ï&~ ~ . Ñ Ò &ç æ~ J"b î ³êö & Æ·î ï&¢ * Æ· J"æ¢ ¢ wÏ SQPI(Soil Quality Pollution Index: Æ·î J" ;ê)¢ ÒÏ~ ~ . 3.2. 26-30). Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 68~73, 2003.

(5) J*;ÁÒ'. 72 Table 1. The value of SQPI (Soil Quality Pollution Index) SQPI purpose. <100 8 11 11 11 5 11 57. Hills Schools Multi-purpose factory & Commercial Parks Roadside Total. 100~200 200~300 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 8 1. >300 0 0 0 0 0 0. º Æ· J" æ SPI(Soil Pollution Index)¢ wÏ J"bî V&8ö Æ·~ã*»ç~ ÖJV&j 'Ï SQPI=ΣC /RAVÜ100(>-)¢ ÒÏ~ Ò& ç æ~ Æ·î J" / 6>¢ ÖÂ~& . Soil Quality Pollution Index SQPI. i. i. Coni : Concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb Hg, F RAVi : Aim Value of Reference: reference value indicating the soil quality of preliminary standard of “Ga” and “Na” area. ö ¾æÂ :f ? Ò&ç æ~ SQPI(Æ ·î J"6>)º 6B~ Ïêê Æ·öB 86.4%& 1006 òö ~ 1/b ª~ >î . ~ Ú Æ· ~ã*»j 'Ï~ Ò &ç æ ~ Æ·îj ï& ~ ~ . Ú Æ· ~ã *» ÖJ V&ö 'Ï~ Ö" Ò &ç æ~ 6B Ï êê Æ·f &Ú '~&b¾, ' öÏæ~ Cu³êf ¢¦ ª¢ æ~ ®²(F)³ê& Æ· ~ã *» ÖJ “&”V&j ." ~& . *öB ÚÚ :f ? &ç æ Ïêê Æ ·ö & 7.³ 5 ®²ö & Æ· J"f SQPI& 86.4% 1/, ÖJ V&ö &Ú ' ©b Ò >îb¾ ÖÒ¾¢ Æ· ~ã*»~ Ïêê Æ· J" bî V&f F#(EU), J¦, ¶¾ Ïêê Æ ·ö & · V&j &ê ¾¢f jv~ Ïêê Æ·ö & · V&f Ö ¦~ . ÖÒ¾¢ Æ · ~ã *»~ Ïêê Æ· J" bî V&f pH~ V&f ìb, * ç~ Æ· ¯ Æ· *j * æz' Vã³ê 5 bÒ' ¶òº ¦~ b ' 6 V&f îN>Ú ®æ p . V¢B *Ò~ æ'»ö 'Ïj ~º B “&”f “¾”æ~ B V&j îb ·~² æz>Ú & º Æ· Ïêö rf ï& V& Îï>Ú^¢ © b ÒòB . Table 1. 31-34). Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 68~73, 2003. 4.. Ö . ;Î BÞæ ·Â, ;B, , ', &k, ÿ·, B., ;Î, Ç2, ;ÿöB 6B ~ Ïêê ¾*ÚB 66B æ6 ò¢ j~ pH, 7.³~ 5 F³êö &~ Ò Ö"º r" ? . 1. Ò &ç æ~ pHº 4.7~9.5~ º* ¾æÒb ¢¦ ª¢ æ Æ·j B * æöB 7WöB £r¢Ò º*¢ ¾æÚî . 2. Ò &ç * æ6~ ' Ïê ï ³êº Cdf 0.391 mg/kg(0.011~1.081 mg/kg), Cu 12.35 mg/kg(0.061 ~73.62 mg/kg), Pb 13.04 mg/kg(N.D.~61.85 mg/kg), Hg 0.087 mg/kg(N.D.~1.353 mg/kg), F 206.8 mg/kg(47.1~561. î . 3. Ïêê Æ·ö & &, & ³êº Cd~ ãÖ Ç«æ 0.632 mg/kg, vÏæ 0.079 mg/kg, Cu~ ãÖ êÏæ 21.35 mg/kg, vÏæ 2.16 mg/kg, Pb~ ãÖ êÏæ 24.70 mg/kg, vÏæ 1.03 mg/kg, Hg~ ãÖ Ç«æ 0.178 mg/kg, vÏæ 0.009 mg/kg, F~ ãÖ ª¢ 282 mg/kg, vÏæ 164 mg/kg ¾æÒ . *Ú' b Cd, Cu, Hgf &¦ª '~Ëb Ï> ®º Ç«æ&, Pbf êÏæ Æ· '' ¸f ³ê¢ ¾æ Ú, Fº ª¢ æj &çb Æ·öB ¸f ³ê ¢ & . vÏæº Cd, Cu Pb, Hg, FÏöB ç& 'b Ïêê Æ· Ôf ³ê¢ ¾æî . 4. BÞ *æ J" ³êf Ò &ç æ~ ³ê¢ jv~ Cd 200%, Cu 120%, Pb 120%, Hg 120%~ ³ ê >&b ¾æ¾B J" BW öB Ò &ç æ BÞ J" *æ6 ¸f ©b ¾æÒ . 5. Ò &ç æ~ J"bî~ ï ³êº Æ·~ã ÖJ V&Ú îb¾ ' öÏæ~ ãÖ Cuf ¢¦ ª¢ æ~ F³ê& ."~º ©b Ò >î . 6. Ò &ç æ~ Æ· îj ï&~V * Ú Æ ·~ã*»" SQPIf jv~ Ö" Ú Æ· ~ ã *», SQPIö &Ú ·^ Ö"¢ áî . ¾ *f ?f Ööê ®~ * ¶ ç ~ Æ· *j *B æ³' Òf ªCj Û ¶ò »'" þ æz' ¶Fï ¶ò 5 bÒ', b' »' 6 V& îN>Ú¢ ©b '> î, jÞ J"bî B V& 6 æ'»ö V. “&” æ" “¾” æ V&~ BWj îb ·~² æz>Ú &º Æ· Ïêö rf · ï&V& Î ï>Ú^¢ ©b ÒòB . mg/kg.

(6) BÞ ;Î æ~ Ïêê Æ· 7.³ 5 ®² J" ï&. ^^ò. 1. 2. 3.. BÞßê, BÞ~ ~ã(2002). "Î, “¡~ Ú ªC O»ö & ”, ãç&v. (1980). Harrison, R. M., Laxen, D. P., and Wilson, S. J. “Chemical association of Lead, Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc in the Street Dusts and Roadside soil”, Environ. Sci, Technol., 15, pp. 1378-1383 (1981). ,“ A-71 ”, , .2(1), pp. 21-34 (1997). , , , , . , (2003). , , (2002). , (2002). , ,, (2002). , (2002). Thomas, G. W. “Methods of soil analysis. Parts 3. chemical methods- Soil pH and Acidity”, SSSA Book Series, 5, pp. 475-490 (1996). , , , , , , ,“ ” Report of S.I.H.E., 37, (2000) , , , , , ,“ ”, , 5, pp. 18-19 (2001). , 2002 (2003). Liang, J. W. B. Stewwart, and Karamanos, R. E. “Distribution and plant of soil coper fractions in Saskatchewan”. Can. J. Sci. 71, pp. 89-99 (1991). Sposito, G. “The perational definition of the zero point of charge in soils”, Sci. Soc. Am. J. 45, pp. 292-297 (1981) Rose, A.W. Hawkes, and J.S. Webb. Geochemistry in mineral-exploration. 2nd ed. Acid. Press, New York (1979).. ï *·Ê ³êæ Æ·" ¦F'b~ 7 .³ 5 ÿ 5 J"ö & Æ·~ã²æ 5. ÷B B~ ÿî ;Æ> fê Æ·J"B ÿz VF 6. VÒ" J«" ~ãj * Æ· J" G; ªC 7^ zÒ 7. ~ã¦ Æ· J"; þO» 8. ~ã¦ Æ·~ã *» ¯ Æ· J" V&bî Æ · J" Ò 9. BÞ ~ãö BÞ Æ· J" Ò 4.. 10.. ÏC J*; J ê ;« ^ êCö BÞ £>V "æ Æ·~ 7.³ö & 12. ÏC ;« Bß J*; êCö f"' Æ·öB W ÖWÖö ~ 7.³ ÏÂö & ªC ² 13. ~ã¦ jê Æ· G; 5 Ò Ö" 11.. 14.. 15. 16.. 73. 17. Stout, P. R., Meager, W.R., Pearson, G.A. and Johnson, C.M. Molybdenum nutrition of crop plants, plant soil, pp. 51-87 (1951). 18. , , (1997). 19. : , . (1979). 20. , , , (1993). 21. Fleischer, M., and Robinson, W.O. Some problems of the geochemistry of fluorine. R. Soc. Can. Spec. Publ. 6, pp. 1553-1554 (1993). 22. , , , (1987). 23. , (KR-99(S)1) (1999). 24. Steinkonig, L.A. “The relation of fluorine in soil, Plants and animals”. J. Indus. Eng. Chem., 11, pp. 463-465 (1919). 25. Larsen, S., and Widdoson, A.E. “Soil Fluorine”. J. Soil Sci., 59, pp. 105-109. 26. Kloke, A., Content of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, florine, lead, mercury, and nickel in plants grown on contaminaed soil, paper presented soil, proceedings of the United Nations-ECE Symp. (1979). 27. ,“ ”, Workshop, , 6, pp. 113-123, (1998). 28. ,“ ”, 1(1), (1998). 29. , , , ,“ ”, , 1(1) pp. 55-65 (1996). 30. , , ,“ ”, , 4(2), pp.185-192 (1999). 31. , , , (2002). 32. , (2002. 3 ). 33. , , 259, (1998). 34. CCME,(Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Interim Canadian Environmental Quality Criteria for Contaminated Sites. Reports No CCME EPC-CS34 (1991). 35. CCME, Summary of Existing Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines, 2002.. Wê ê& â; Æ· Ë^Ò à ##3ÅêÎ ~mq¼mÃ '~ ;^^ .³" Ò² 7Â6Ò ¶~Z JC 7bB *'Ò BÞ ÎÂ6 æî ê J«B ¶ö². *Î Æ·ò j O»~ ^B6 5 ÖOn J" Æ ·ªC Æ·~ã² ;Ï~ 7.³ 5 j²J" Æ·î ï&¢ * Æ· J" æ~ n" wÏ &ËW æ~> Æ·~ã²æ ;Ï~ J;^ ß f;C Æ·J"æö ~ Ú Æ·~ 7.³" j²J"ê 5 Ëê * Æ·~ã ² ËW ;cÎ ªê Æ·J"æö ~ Ân Æ· ~ãï& Æ·~ã²æ ~ã¦ Æ·~ã* 7ËV ;kOË 5 &k ~ã¦ Æ·~ã *» ú B; ~ã¦ ~ãWB. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 68~73, 2003.

(7)