** Ğᔢݡ⦺Ʊ ݡ⦺ᬱ ࠥŖ⦺ŝ ᕾᔍ ([email protected])
Received April 9, 2013/ revised June 2, 2013/ accepted August 7, 2013
Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0)
ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹͷʹȀ ǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵ǤǤʹͷͺ͵
Ǥ ǤǤ
ኳᇂ· ␂ኳᇂ#ᦂ⢚ጪ⸮#≾㰒⮎#ἶ#ㇻ⸮♮⮃#ⴶጪ#⮮ጪ
ੲ୨ֽ ȵจ୨ָ
Ahn, Jung Geun*, Hwang, Jeong Gyu**
A Study on the Creative Industry Population Based on Different Spatial and Non-Spatial Urban Structure
ABSTRACT
A number of cities have been constantly decreasing their residents by the low quality of life and environment. A creative industry is being noticed for not only securing the competitiveness of the city but also increasing the number of population. Thus, the urban structure for inducing creative industry population becomes to major issue to the most of local governments. This study aims to suggest the relationships between urban structure and creative industry population based on different urban sizes. To measure the population of creative industry, this study used the 'National Business Survey’ by the National Statistical Office, which classified the statistical data of industrial places on a basis of city, district, and borough. Based on the results of expert questionnaire surveys, it conducted an analysis on the importance of urban structure and drew some critical factors that have an important effect on attracting the population of creative industry. The relationships between creative industry population and urban structure evaluated by multiple regression analysis. This study found out that the cultural factors like cultural space or culture events were drawn as very significant factors that have a positive effect on the population of creative industry population. It is judged that the creation of culture environment, which can enrich the creative industry, is needed to strengthen the competitiveness of the cities.
Key words : Creative city, Creative industry, Urban structure, Urban competitiveness, Urban size, Urban culture
Ⅹಾ
ǎԕฯᮡࠥॅᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශ⦹ᨱෙŁᬊ⇽⦹, ⇽ᔑශqᗭᨱෙᯙǍqᗭ, יಚᯙǍ᷾aᨱෙࠥ⪽ಆqᗭ, ࠥᝍŖ࠺⪵ᨱ
ෙࠥʑ܆ᙁ♕॒20ᖙʑᨱċᨕᅕḡ༜⦽ᔩಽᬕࠥ᧲ᔢᨱḢ໕⦹Łᯩ݅. ᯕᨱᯕॅࠥॅᮡࠥ᮹ݚ໕⦽ྙᱽෝ⧕đ⦹Łࠥ
Ğᰢಆᮥ⨆ᔢ┍ᙹᯩ۵݅᧲⦽ႊᦩᵲ⦹ӹಽ᳑ࠥᨱݡ⦽šᝍᯕ׳ᦥḡŁᯩ݅. ᳑ࠥ۵ᵝၝॅᯕ݅᧲⦽ྙ⪵ᔾ⪽ŝᩍa⪽
࠺ᯕa܆⦹Ł⩢ᝁᱢᯙᔑᨦᮥḥ⯆⧁ᙹᯩ۵ᰆᗭa⣮ᇡ⦽ࠥಽᕽŝ⦺ᯱ, ʑᚁᯱ, Õ⇶a, ॵᯱᯕթ, ᯲a, ᩩᚁa, ᮭᦦa॒᮹᳑ᔑᨦ
ᯙǍᨱ᮹⧕ᖁࠥࡽ݅. ᕽᅙᩑǍ۵ǎԕࠥෝᯙǍȽ༉ᄥಽǍᇥ⦹ᩍᨕਁ⦽ࠥǍ᳑a᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ᪡šĥaᯩ۵ḡෝᱽ⦹۵ߑ
༊ᱢᯕᯩ݅. ᩑǍđŝŲᩎᨱᕽ۵ྙ⪵⧪ᔍᙹa᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ᪡šĥaᯩᮝ໑ݡࠥᨱᕽࠥྙ⪵⧪ᔍᙹ᪡ྙ⪵Ŗeᙹa᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ ᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ⦽⠙ᵲᗭࠥᨱᕽ۵ྙ⪵⧪ᔍᙹ᪡⪹Ğ᪅ᩝšญᖅᯕ᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍᮁᯙᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵äᮝಽӹ┡
ԍ݅. ᕽ᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍᮁ᯦ᨱaᰆⓑᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵ᗭaࠥྙ⪵ᯥᨱࠥĞᰢಆᮥv⪵⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵݅᧲⦽ࠥྙ⪵⪹Ğᮥ
᳑ᖒ⦹۵äᯕɪ⦹݅.
áᔪᨕ ᳑ࠥ, ᳑ᔑᨦ, ࠥǍ᳑, ࠥĞᰢಆ, ࠥȽ༉, ࠥྙ⪵
ݓًфʪ֨ćন
1. ᕽು
ǎԕࠥॅᮡ1960֥ݡᯕ⬥ᔑᨦၽᱥᨱෙŁᬊ⇽ಽᯙ⧕
ḡᗮᱢᮝಽᯙǍaᮁ᯦ࡹᨕᵝ┾, ࠥಽ, ᔢ⦹ᙹࠥ, ⦺Ʊ॒݅᧲⦽
ྜྷญᱢ ᖅ ⪶∊ᮥ ☖⧕ ᷾a⦹۵ ࠥᱢ ᙹᨱ ݡ⦹ᩡ݅.
⦹ḡอ2000֥ᯕ⬥ݡᇡᇥ᮹ǎԕࠥॅᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශࢵ⪵ᨱ
ෙŁᬊ⇽⦹, יಚᯙǍ᷾aᨱෙࠥ⪽ಆqᗭ, ࠥᝍ
Ŗ࠺⪵ᨱෙࠥʑ܆ᙁ♕॒20ᖙʑᨱċᨕᅕḡ༜⦽ᔩಽᬕ
ࠥ᧲ᔢᨱḢ໕⦹ᩍŝÑ᮹ྜྷญᱢᖅŖɪᮝಽ۵ᄡ⪵ࡽࠥ⪹
Ğᨱݡ⦹۵ߑⓑ⦽ĥෝ۱ӝíࡹᨩ݅. ᯕᨱݡᇡᇥ᮹
ḡᯱℕᨱᕽ۵ࠥ᮹ݚ໕⦽ྙᱽෝ⧕đ⦹ŁࠥĞᰢಆᮥ⨆ᔢ
┍ᙹᯩ۵݅᧲⦽ႊᦩᮥ᯦ࠥ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᇡ݉⯩יಆ⦹Łᯩ݅.
ࠥ ⪽ಆᮥ ᷾ḥ ┅Ł ࠥᯙǍ ᷾aෝ ☖⧕ ࠥ Ğᰢಆᮥ
⨆ᔢ┍ᙹᯩ۵ႊᦩᮝಽ↽ɝ᳑ࠥᨱݡ⦽šᝍᯕ׳ᦥḡŁ
ᯩᮝ໑✚⯩᳑ࠥ᳑ᖒᮥᖁࠥ⦹۵᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍෝᨕਜí
⧕ݚ ࠥಽ ᮁᯙ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ aᨱ ⓑ šᝍᯕ ḲᵲࡹŁ ᯩ݅.
᳑ࠥ۵݅᧲⦽ྙ⪵ᔾ⪽ŝᩍa⪽࠺ᯕa܆⦹Ł⩢ᝁᱢᯙ
ᔑᨦᮥḥ⯆⧁ᙹᯩ۵ᰆᗭa⣮ᇡ⦽ࠥಽᕽŝ⦺ᯱ, ʑᚁᯱ, Õ⇶a, ॵᯱᯕթ, ᯲a, ᩩᚁa, ᮭᦦa॒᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍᨱ᮹⧕
ᖁࠥࡽ݅. ⦹ḡอࠥȽ༉ᨱᔾ⪽⪹ĞၰʑᨦᩍÕᯕ݅Ł
ࠥĞᱽ, ᔍ⫭, ྙ⪵, Ŗe॒݅᧲⦽ࠥǍ᳑᮹₉ᯕᨱ
᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍᮁᯙᨱⓑᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⋁ᙹᯩ݅. ᕽᅙᩑǍ۵
ǎԕࠥෝȽ༉ᄥಽǍᇥ⦹ᩍᨕਁ⦽ࠥǍ᳑a᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ
᪡šĥaᯩ۵aᨱݡ⦽ᇥᕾᮥ☖⧕ࠥȽ༉ᄥ᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ
ᮁ᯦ᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵ࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽ෝࠥ⇽⦹ŁࠥȽ༉ᄥ᳑
ࠥ ᱶ₦ႊ⨆ᮥ ᱽ⦹۵ߑ ༊ᱢᯕ ᯩ݅.
2. ᖁ⧪ᩑǍၰᯕುŁₑ
2.1 টෘ֜
᳑ࠥᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ۵ǎԕࠥ᮹᧲ᱢ➞ᯕᱶℕࡹ۵2000
֥ݡᯕ⬥⪽ၽ⯩ᙹ⧪ࡹᨩᮝ໑əݡ⢽ᱢᩑǍಽᕽʡᯙ℁(2009), ʡᮁၙ(2009), ⫊ᵡ(2009), ᯕ⬩(2011), ʡᖒᮡ(2011), ʡᩢᵝ (2011) ॒ᯕ ᯩ݅.
ʡᯙ℁(2009)ᮡ᮹ᖒᩍÕᯕḡᩎĞᱽᖒᰆŝʑᨦᔾᔑᖒᨱ
ၙ⊹۵ ᩢ⨆ ᩑǍෝ ☖⦹ᩍ ᮹ᖒ ĥ⊖ŝ ᮹ᖒ 3T(Talent, Technology, Tolerance)ḡᙹ۵ḡᩎĞᱽᖒᰆᐱอᦥܩ}ᄥʑ ᨦ᮹ ⅾ ᔾᔑᖒŝࠥ ☖ĥᱢᮝಽ ᮁ᮹ၙ⦽ šĥa ᯩ݅۵ äᮥ
ၾ⩵݅. ੱ⦽ḡᩎĞᱽᖒᰆᮥⅪḥ⦹ʑ᭥⧕᮹ᖒᩍÕᮥ᳑ᖒ⦹
۵ äᯕ ᵲ⦹໑ ᯕ۵ ʑᨦ᮹ ᩑǍ}ၽ⚍ᯱ᪡ ᇩᨕ ᬑᙹ⦽
ᯙᰍॅᮥᮁᯙ⦹۵ḡᩎᔍ⫭ ⪹Ğᯕ}ᄥʑᨦ᮹ᔾᔑᖒ⨆ᔢᨱ
ɮᱶᱢᮝಽʑᩍ⦹ʑভྙᯕŁᵝᰆ⦹ᩡ݅. ʡᮁၙ(2009)۵ࠥ
᮹᳑ᖒᯕࠥĞᰢಆᨱၙ⊹۵ᩢ⨆ᨱݡ⧕⦽ǎŝᯝᅙ᮹
84 }ࠥෝݡᔢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ᇥᕾđŝʑĥ, ᱥᯱ, ᱶᅕᔑᨦ
॒ᯝᇡ℉݉ᔑᨦᮡࠥĞᰢಆᨱᮁ᮹⦽ᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵ᄡᙹಽ
ӹ┡ԍᮝӹჶශ, ᳦Ʊ, ᔍ⫭ᕽእᜅ॒ᯝᇡᕽእᜅᔑᨦᮡࠥĞᰢ ಆᨱᇡᱶᱢᯙᩢ⨆ᮥᵡ݅Łᵝᰆ⦹ᩡ݅. ⫊ᵡ(2009)ᮡ࠺ᦥᦥ
ݡࠥǭࠥᖒᰆᯙᨱš⦽እƱᩑǍᨱᕽࠥᖒᰆᨱᩢ⨆ᮥ
ၙ⊹۵ᗭॅᮥᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ᩑǍđŝᔑᨦᖒᰆᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵
ᗭॅᮡ✚⨩ᙹ, Ł⦺ಆᯙǍእᮉ, ǎᯙእᮉ, 1ᯙݚჵᴥၽᔾශ, 1ᯙݚŖᬱ໕ᱢᯥᮥၾ⩵݅. ੱ⦽ᔾᔑᯱᕽእᜅᨦ᮹ᖒᰆᨱᯩᨕ
ᕽᬙᮡᄁᯕḶ, ࠥ␥॒ŝzᯕᔢ᭥ə൚ᮥ⩶ᖒ⦹Łᯩᮝ໑ᕽᬙᮥ
ᱽ⦽ ǎԕ ݡࠥॅᮡ ᯝᅙ᮹ ᖁḥ ࠥᨱ እ⦹ᩍ ᕽእᜅᨦ
ᖒᰆᯙᯕԏḡอ࠺ᦥᦥࠥॅᨱእ⦹ᩍᔢ᭥ə൚ᨱᗮ⦽݅
Łᱽ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ⬩(2011)ᮡᕽᬙෝእ⦽6ݡŲᩎ᮹᳑
ĥɪᯕᨕਁ⦽✚ḶᮥaḡŁᯩ۵ḡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ᩑǍđŝ᳑
ĥɪᮡ݅ෙĥ⊖ᨱእ⧕Ł⦺ಆ, Łᗭाᯱᯕ໑, י࠺eᯕᱢŁ, ᦩᱶᱢᯙ Ḣᨦᮥ aḡŁ ᯩŁ ᗭाᮡ ʑᚁšಉ Ḣ᳦ŝ ᳑ᱢ
ᱥྙaa׳݅۵äᮥၾ⩵݅. ੱ⦽ᕽᬙ✚ᄥ᮹᳑ĥɪእᮉŝ
ḩᱢᯙᙹᵡᮡᖙĥݡࠥᙹᵡᨱɝᱲ⦹໑ŲᵝŲᩎ۵᳑ĥ ɪᯕaᰆíᖒᰆ⦹Łᯩ݅Łᵝᰆ⦹ᩡ݅. ⦽⠙ʡᖒᮡ(2011)
ᮡᙹࠥǭ66}ǑǍෝݡᔢᮝಽ᳑ᔑᨦᖒᰆᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵
ᯙᮥ ᇥᕾ⦽ đŝ 1996֥ᨱ۵ ᕾᔍ⦺᭥ ᗭḡᯱᙹ, ǎၝᩑɩ
a᯦ᯱᙹ, Ŗᩑᖅᙹ, ǎᯙ⪝ᯙȡ⪵ᯱᙹa᳑ᔑᨦᖒᰆᨱ
ᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵ᯙᮝಽӹ┡ԍᮝӹ2005֥ᨱ۵CEO(Ł᭥ᯥḢᬱ šญᯱၰݡ⢽ᯕᔍ)ᙹ, ḡʑၹᕽእᜅᨦ᳦ᔍᯱእᮉ, Ŗᩑᖅ ᙹ, Ǒၝ⫭šᙹ, ᅕᮂᖅᙹ, ǎᯙ⪝ᯙȡ⪵ᯱᙹa᳑ᔑᨦ
ᖒᰆᩢ⨆ᯙᯥᮥᱽ⦹ᩡ݅. ʡᩢᵝ(2011)۵Floridaaᱽ⦽
᳑ᖒ ᄡᙹa ᬑญӹ ࠥ Ğᱽၽᱥᨱ ၙ⊹۵ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ᱥǎ
83 }ࠥෝݡᔢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ᇥᕾđŝᱽ᳑ᨦᇡྙᯥɩᄡ⪵
ᮉᮡ᳑ĥ⊖ḡᙹၰᅕ⩅ၙᦩḡᙹ᪡ᮁ᮹ၙ⦽šĥaᯩᮝ໑
Łᬊᄡ⪵ᮉŝ۵ᯙᱢᯱᅙḡᙹ, ᅕ⩅ၙᦩḡᙹ, ݅ྙ⪵ḡᙹ, əญŁ
℉݉ᔑᨦḡᙹa ᮁ᮹ၙ⦽ šĥᯙ äᮥ ၾ⩵݅.
݅᧲ᖒ, šᬊᖒ, əญŁ⦹ᯕ▭Ⓧᔑᨦᖒᰆe᮹šĥෝá☁⦽
đŝʑᚁᱢ᳑ᖒŝྙ⪵ᱢ᳑ᖒeᨱ᧲(positive)᮹ᔢššĥ a ᳕ᰍ⦹໑ ᅕ⩅ၙᦩ ḡᙹ᪡ ⦹ᯕ▭Ⓧ ᔑᨦ᮹ Ḳᵲŝ۵ v⦽
ᔢššĥa ᳕ᰍ⧉ᮥ ၾ⩵݅.
᳑ࠥšಉǎԕᖁ⧪ᩑǍॅᮡTable 1ŝzᯕݡᇡᇥ᳑ᖒ
ḡ⢽(Talent, Technology, Tolerance ॒)aḡᩎĞᱽᖒᰆၰ℉݉
ᔑᨦŝᩑšᯕᯩ۵aᨱⅩᱱᮥ฿⇵ᨩ݅. ⦹ḡอᅙᩑǍ۵ǎԕ
ᖁ⧪ᩑǍ᪡₉ᄥ⦹ᩍ“᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ᪡ᩑšᯩ۵ࠥǍ᳑۵ࠥ
Ƚ༉ᄥಽᨕਅǍ᳑ᯙa?”۵ᩑǍ᮹ྙ(Research Question)ᮥ
wŁࠥȽ༉ᄥಽ᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ᪡ ࠥǍ᳑᪡᮹šĥȽᨱ
Ⅹᱱᮥ ฿⇵ᨩ݅.
Table 1. Indexes of Creative City by Literature Review in Korea
Researchers Indexes
Sohn, Y. S. (2009)
Bank, Inauguration Enterprise, Broadcast Media, R&D Facility, Venture Business, Urban Residents, Export Amount, Income, Financial Independence, Foreigners, Welfare Facility, Culture Facility, Culture Events, Cultural Assets, Greenbelt Area, Wild Animal and Plant Conservation District, Air Pollution
Park, H. S. (2011) Culture Facility, College, Cultural Assets, Foreigners, Culture Budget, Financial Independence, Creative Expert, Income Tax Lee, H. (2011) Residents, Foreigners, Employees, Local Tax, GRDP, Income, Labor Hours
Kim, Y. M. (2009) Urban Industry Employees, High Technology Employees, Creative Experts, Foreigners
Kim, S. E. (2011) Creative Industry Sales, Researchers, Childcare Facilities, Culture Events, Sightseeing Facilities, Parks, National Pension Members, Aging Facilities, Citizen Center
Kang, S. Y. (2011) Population Density, Population, Aging Index, Foreigners, Housing Supply, Housing Ownership, Apartment Rate, Deterioration Housing, Travel Pattern, Local Tax, Subway Stations
Kim, Y. J. (2011) Income, High-Tech Employment, Patent, Culture & Art Employees, Population, Foreigners, Urban Areas
Hwang, J. (2009) Service Industry Employees, Patent Registration, College Degree Possessors, Foreigners, Crime Occurrence, Green Space
Jung, Y. H. (2011)
Creative Industry Employees, College Degree Possessors, Foreign Employees, Urban Park Area, Researchers, Universities, Health Care Professions, Culture Space, Culture Events, Financial Independence, R&D Investment, Business Service employees, Internet Using Rate, Public Transit Commuters, International Enterprises
Kim, J. H. (2011) GRDP, Aging, Population Increase, Universities, Culture&Art Industry Employees, IT Industry Employees, Financial Independence, Culture Service, Social Welfare Service
Kim, Y. I. (2010)
Creative Industry Employees, Venture Business, International Investment Enterprises, Internet Using Rate, R&D Researchers, Foreign Employees, R&D Investment Amount, Public Library Budget, Cultural Assets, Culture Industry Employees, Intangible Cultural Assets, Culture Budgets, Culture Related Government Officers, Local Culture Events
Table 2. Indexes of Creative City by Florida (U.S.A)
Section Indexes Contents
Tech- nology
Innovation Number of Patents to Industrial Property Office High-Tech
Innovation Rate of Output for High-Tech Industry Talent Creative Class Rate of Creative Class People
Human Capital Rate of Bachelor Degree Holders Tole-
rance
Gay Rate of Homosexual Couple Bohemian Number of Culture and Art Professionals Melting Pot Rate of Registered Foreigners Source: Creative Class and Creative Capital, Lee, C. H. 2011.
Table 3. Indexes of Creative City by Florida (Europe)
Section Indexes Contents
Tech- nology
Innovation Rate of Persons for Patent High-Tech
Innovation Rate of Output for High-Tech Industry R&D R&D Expenditure/GDP
Talent
Creative Class Rate of Creative Class People Human Capital Rate of Bachelor Degree Holders Science Talent Rate of Science Technology Professionals Tole-
rance
Attitude Attitude to Social Handicaps One’s Value Values of Religion, Family, Divorce Self Expression Quality of Life, Reliance, Leisure, Culture Source: Creative Class and Creative Capital, Lee, C. H. 2011.
2.2 ଲߨճఝ
2.2.1 ఢܑਏԹڄ
Jane Jacobs(1961) ᮹“The Death and Life of Great American Cities”ᨱᕽ᳑ࠥ۵ᯙe᮹᳑ᖒᮥ☖⦽⩢ᝁ(Innovation)ᮝ ಽᮁᩑ⦹Ł⫮ʑᱢᯕ໑᳑ᱢᯙࠥĞᱽᜅ▽ᮥw⇹ࠥ
ᱽ⦹ᩡᮝ໑Landry(2000)۵“The Creative City”ᨱᕽ᳑ࠥ
۵ࠥྙᱽᨱݡ⦽᳑ᱢ⧕đᮥ᭥⦹ᩍ᳑ᱢ⪹Ğᮥอॅᨕ
ᬕᩢ⧕ӹa۵ࠥᱶ᮹⧩݅. ⦽⠙Florida(2002)۵“The Rise of Creative Class” ᨱᕽ᳑ࠥ۵݅᧲⦽⩶┽᮹᳑ᖒᯕᐭญ
ෝԕญŁჩᖒ⧁ᙹᯩ۵Ųჵ᭥⦽᳑ᱢᔾ┽ĥᩍÕᮥᱽŖ⦹۵
ࠥಽᕽĞᱽၽᱥ᮹3T(Talent, Technology, Tolerance)a⧉̹
ၽᱥ⦹۵ࠥᱶ᮹⧩݅. ੱ⦽Masayuki(2007)ᨱ໕᳑
ࠥ۵ࠥᨱᕽ⩥ݡᩩᚁ᮹ ᨱթḡaչℱӹ໑ၝᯕ∊ᇥ⯩
əäᮥ ᷱʙ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ࠥᯕŁ ᩩᚁྙ⪵᮹ ᳑ᖒᮥ ᔑᨦᮝಽ
ᔕฑ᳑ᔑᨦǑ᮹ၽᱥᯕࠥĞᱽ᮹ᔩಽᬕᨵḥᯕࡹᨕŁᬊŝ
ᇡෝอॅᨕԕ۵ࠥᯕ໑ၝ᮹ᯱ⊹᮹ᯕ׳Ł, ᖙĥ⪵ᩎపᮥ
⣩ᮡ ࠥŁ ᵝᰆ⦹ᩡ݅.
2.2.2 ఢܑਏඝ
᳑ࠥḡ⢽۵᳑ࠥ᮹ḩᱢᙹᵡᮥᱶపᱢᮝಽ⊂ᱶ⦹ʑ
᭥⦽ḡ⢽ಽᕽǎa✚ᖒ, ࠥ✚ᖒ, ᩑǍᯱ॒ᨱ݅᧲⦹í
ᱽࡹᨩᮝӹ⥭ಽญ݅᪡ၙᔍᮁ┅᮹᳑ࠥḡ⢽aݡ⢽ᱢᯕ݅.
Table 4. Indexes of Creativity by Masayuki
Indexes Contents
Creative
Activities Rate of Artists, Scientists, Artisans Urban Life Income and Leisure Time,
Expenditure of Cultural Activities Basis of Creative
Activities
Number of Universities, Education Institutes, Theaters Historic Heritage Number of Cultural Properties and
Preservation Condition Economic Balance Number of Inaugurated and
Discontinued Businesses Citizen Activities Activities of NPO and
Women Social Participation Administration
Operation Financial Situation and Administrative Ability
Urban Size Classification
Indexes of Urban Structure Classification
Survey to Urban Experts
Analysis of Indexed of Urban Structure
Analysis of Creative Industry Population and Urban Structure based on Urban Sizes
Metropolitan City Large City Medium & Small City Fig. 1. Research Flows for the Analysis of Creative Industry
Population and Urban Structure
Table 5. Classification of Urban Sizes
Urban Sizes Cities
Metropolitan Cities
Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Kwangju, Daejeon, Ulsan
Large Cities
Suwon, Sungnam, Anyang, Buchun, Ansan, Goyang, Namyangju, Yongin, Hwasung, Chungju, Chunan,
Junju, Pohang, Changwon, Kimhae
Small&
Medium Cities
18 Cities in Gyeonggi Province, 7 Cities in Kangwon Province, 2 Cities in Chungbuk Province, 5 Cities in Chungnam Province
5 Cities in Jeonbuk Province, 5 Cities in Jeonnam Province, 9 Cities in Gyeongbuk Province, 8 Cities in Gyeongnam Province
⥭ಽญ݅۵ə᮹ᱡᕽ“᳑ĥɪ᮹ࠥ௹(2002)”ᨱᕽࠥ᮹ჩᩢ
ᮡ᳑ᖒᯕ⣮ᇡ⦽ᯙᰍᨱݍಅᯩ݅Łḡᱢ⦹໑᳑ᱢĥɪᯕ
ᖁ⪙⦹۵ ḡᩎ᮹ ᔍ⫭ᱢ ⪹Ğᨱ ᵝ༊⦹ᩍ Table 2, Table 3ŝ
zᯕ ၙǎŝ ᮁᨱ ᱢ⧊⦽ ʑᚁ, ᯙᰍ, šᬊᮥ ᱽ⦹ᩡ݅.
ʑᚁᮡ✚⨩, ℉݉ʑᚁ, ᩑǍ}ၽ॒᮹ᇥෝݡ⢽⦹໑ᯙᰍ۵
᳑ᔑᨦ᳦ᔍᯱ, Ł⦺ಆᯱ, ŝ⦺ʑᚁ᳦ᔍᯱ॒ᮥݡ⢽⦹Łšᬊᮡ
݅᧲⦽ྙ⪵, ၝ᳒, ᳦Ʊ॒ᨱݡ⦽⡍ᬊᖒŝ}ႊᖒᮥݡ⢽⦽݅.
⦽⠙ၙᔍᮁ┅۵ᯙǍ45อᯕÑᵝ⦹۵ᯝᅙ᮹ᱥ☖ࠥaӹ
ᯱ᪡㏠ᔍಡᇥᕾᮥ☖⦹ᩍTable 4᪡zᯕ᳑ࠥḡ⢽ෝ᳑ᱢ
⪽࠺, ࠥ⫭ᱢ ᔾ⪽, ᳑⪽࠺᮹ ʑၹ, ᩎᔍᱢ ᮁᔑ, ࠥ⪹Ğŝ
ᨕີܩ❑, Ğᱽʑၹ᮹Ɂ⩶, ၝ⪽࠺, ⧪ᱶᬕᩢ॒ᮥᱽ⦹ᩡ݅.
3. ᩑǍႊჶ
᳑ࠥෝ᳑ᖒ⦹۵⧖ᝍᱢᯙᗭᯙ᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ۵ࠥ᮹
ᔾᔑᖒᮥ⨆ᔢ⍽ࠥᖒᰆᮥčᯙ⦹۵ᵲ⇵ᱢᯙᩎ⧁ᮥ⦽݅.
᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍaࠥȽ༉ၰࠥǍ᳑
1)₉ᯕᨱᨕਁ⦽šĥ aᯩ۵aෝȽ⦹ʑ᭥⧕Fig. 1ŝzᯕࠥෝȽ༉ᄥಽǍᇥ⦹
ŁࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽ෝࠥ⇽⦽⬥ᱥྙaᖅྙᮥ☖⦹ᩍᵲࠥǍ᳑
ḡ⢽ෝ❭ᦦ⦹ᩍ᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ᪡ࠥǍ᳑᪡᮹šĥෝ݅ᵲ⫭ȡ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ࠥȽ༉۵ Table 5᪡ zᯕ ᱥǎ ɪ ᯕᔢ 82}
ࠥෝᯙǍȽ༉ᄥಽᕽᬙ✚ᄥၰ6ݡŲᩎ, ݡࠥ
2), ᵲᗭࠥ
1)ࠥǍ᳑۵ᔍ⫭Ǎ᳑(social structure), ĞᱽǍ᳑(economic structure), ᯙǍǍ᳑(population structure) ॒እŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑᪡ྜྷญᱢ⪹Ğ ŝᖅᮥݡ⢽⦹۵ŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑(spatial structure)ಽǍᖒࢉ(י⇹
⯍, ࠥ⦺}ು)
2)ḡႊᯱ⊹ჶᱽ175᳑ᨱᕽݡࠥ۵ᕽᬙ✚ᄥ᪡Ųᩎෝᱽ⦽ᯙǍ
3)ಽǍᇥ⦹ᩡ݅. ݡࠥ۵ᙹᬱ, ℎᵝ, ᬱ॒15}ෝ⡍⧉⦹
ᩡᮝ໑ ᵲᗭࠥ۵ ⠪┾, ʡ, ḥᵝ ॒ 60}ෝ ⡍⧉⦹ᩡ݅.
ࠥǍ᳑۵ ᳑ࠥ šಉ ᖁ⧪ᩑǍᨱᕽ ᱽࡽ ࠥḡ⢽
(Table 1) ᵲ ࠥǍ᳑ šಉ ḡ⢽ෝ ⇵⇽⦹ᩍ ə ✚ᖒᨱ
Table 6 ŝzᯕŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑ᇥ᪡እŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑ᇥಽ
Ǎᇥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑ᇥ۵⪹Ğᖅ, ᅖḡᖅ, ᔾ⪽
ᖅᇡྙ॒ᮝಽǍᇥࡹŁእŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑ᇥ۵ྙ⪵, ᔍ⫭, Ğᱽ ॒᮹ ᇡྙᮝಽ Ǎᇥ⦹ᩡ݅.
ࠥǍ᳑᮹✚ᖒᨱǍᇥࡽŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽᪡እŖe ᱢࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽۵ᱥǎ᮹᳑ࠥšಉᱥྙaॅᨱ᮹⦽ᖅྙ᳑
ᔍෝ ☖⦹ᩍ ᵲࠥෝ ❭ᦦ⦹ᩡ݅.
50อ ᯕᔢ᮹ ࠥಽ ᱽࢉ
3) ḡႊᯱ⊹ჶᱽ175᳑ᨱᕽᵲᗭࠥ۵Ųᩎၰݡࠥෝᱽ⦽ᯙǍ
50อ ၙอ ࠥಽ ᱽࢉ
Table 6. Indexes of the Urban Structure of Creative City by Preceding Researches
Division Section Indexes of Urban Structure
Non- Spatial Urban Structure
Culture
Number of Culture Space
Number of People for Intangible Cultural Assets Number of National · Local Designated Cultural Assets
Number of Culture Events Number of Local Festivals Number of Artists
Number of Visitors for Sightseeing
Society
Population Increase Rate Population Density Unemployment Rate
Rate of Increasing Housing Price Rate of Aging
Number of Foreigners Number of Naturalized Persons
Economy GRDP
Amount of Export Employment of Foreigners Income Tax per Person
Rate of Knowledge Base Industries Number of Venture Business
Number of Foreign Investment Enterprises
Spatial Urban Structure
Environ- ment Facilities
Number of Parks Number of Creeks
Number of Environment Pollution Discharge Management Facilities
Number of Air Pollution Management Facilities Number of Wild Animal and Plant Conservation District Designations
Amount of Greenbelt Area Number of Water Quality Facilities
Welfare Facilities
Number of Aging Welfare Facilities Number of Children Welfare Facilities Number of Handicap Welfare Facilities Number of Woman Welfare Facilities Number of Bed Hospitals
Number of Professions for Health Care Members of National Pension
Community Facilities
Number of NGOs
Number of Local Broadcast Medias Number of Banking Facilities Number of R&D Facilities
Investment Amount to R&D per Researcher Number of Public Library
Number of people Using Superhigh Speed Internet
ࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽ॅᨱݡ⦽ᱥྙaᖅྙᮡᱥǎᨱᗭᰍ⦽᳑ࠥ
šಉᩑǍᬱ, ݡ⦺Ʊ, ŖŖʑš, ၝeʑᨦℕ, šŖᕽᨱɝྕ⦹۵
ᱥྙa108ᮥݡᔢᮝಽ2011֥11ᬵᬑ⠙ၰᯕີᯝᮥᯕᬊ⦽
ᖅྙ᳑ᔍෝ☖⧕bḡ⢽᮹ᵲࠥෝ‘ๅᬑᵲ⦹ḡᦫᮭ’, ‘ᵲ⦹
ḡᦫᮭ’, ‘ᅕ☖‘, ‘ᵲ’, ‘ๅᬑᵲ’, ॒5ᱱLikert ࠥಽᖅྙ⦹ᩡ݅.
⦽⠙᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ۵᳑ᔑᨦᨱɝྕ⦹۵ɝಽᯱॅಽᕽᩢǎ
ྙ⪵ၙॵᨕℕᮂᇡ(DCMS)ᨱᕽᱽ⦽᳑ᔑᨦᮥʑᵡᮝಽ⦽ǎ
⢽ᵡᔑᨦᇥඹᨱǎԕ᳑ᔑᨦᮥᖅᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. ᖅᱶࡽ᳑ᔑ ᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙǍ۵ᱥǎǑǍ᮹ᔑᨦᗭᇥඹʭḡǍᇥࡽᱥǎᔍᨦ ℕ᳑ᔍ
4)(☖ĥℎ)ᨱᕽᱽࡽᯱഭෝ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩡ݅. ݅᧲⦽ࠥǍ᳑
ḡ⢽ᵲᱥྙaᖅྙ᳑ᔍᨱ᮹⧕᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍᨱᵲ⦽ᩢ⨆ᮥ
ၙ⋁äᮝಽࠥ⇽ࡽࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽ॅᮡ⫭ȡᇥᕾᮥ☖⦹ᩍࠥȽ
༉ᄥಽ ᳑ᔑᨦ ᯙǍ᪡᮹ šĥෝ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅.
݅ᵲ⫭ȡᇥᕾᮡEq. (1)ŝzᯕ᳦ᗮᄡᙹ۵᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍಽ
ᖅᱶ⦹ᩡŁࠦพᄡᙹ۵ࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽a⪽ᬊࡹᨩᮝ໑bḡ⢽᮹
☖ĥᯱഭ۵ ǎa☖ĥ ⡍▙, ⦽ǎࠥ☖ĥ, ☖ĥᩑᅕ ॒ ǎa᪡
ḡᯱℕᨱᕽ ၽe⦽ ᅕŁᕽෝ ☖⦹ᩍ ᙹḲ⦹ᩡ݅.
² á ƀ
×âƀ
α
Îâƀ
ϱ
Ïâƀ
б
Ðâƀ
Ɖàα
ƉàÎâƃ (1)
ᩍʑᕽ
Y = ᳦ᗮᄡᙹ(᳑ᔑᨦ ᯙǍ)
±
Îì±
Ïìzì±
ƉàÎ= ࠦพᄡᙹ(ࠥǍ᳑ ḡ⢽)
ƀ
×ìƀ
Îìzìƀ
ƉàÎ= ⇵ᱶ⧕ ࢁ k}᮹ ⫭ȡĥᙹ ƃ = ᪅₉
ᖁ┾ࡽࠦพᄡᙹॅᮡŖᖁᖒáḥŝ⫭ȡ༉⩶ᱢ⧊ᨱⓑᩢ⨆ᮥ
ၙ⊹۵ᯱഭෝᦥԕ۵ᩢ⨆ḥ݉ʑჶᮥᔍᬊ⦹ᩍb༉⩶ษ݅
ᯕᔢᱱॅᮥᱽ⦽ᯱഭෝᔍᬊ⦹ᩍᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ᩩ⊂༉⩶᮹ᮁ᮹ ᖒᮡR-squaresŝF-ᮁ᮹⪶ශsᮝಽá☁⦹ᩡᮝ໑༉⩶ԕᨱᕽ᮹
ࠦพᄡᙹᮁ᮹ᖒᮡP-ᮁ᮹⪶ශsᯕ0.05 ᯕ⦹ᯕ໕᳦ᗮᄡᙹ᪡ࠦ
พᄡᙹeᨱ ᮁ᮹⦽ šĥa ᯩ۵ äᮝಽ ⧕ᕾ⦹ᩡ݅.
4. ࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽ᵲࠥᇥᕾ
ࠥǍ᳑۵እŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑᪡ŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑ᇥಽǍᇥ
ࡹ໑እŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑ᇥ۵ᔍ⫭, Ğᱽ, əญŁྙ⪵ᇡྙᮝಽ
Ǎᇥ⦹ŁŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑ᇥ۵ᅖḡᖅ, ⪹Ğᖅ, ᔾ⪽ᖅ
ᇡྙᮝಽǍᇥ⦹ᩡ݅. ࠥǍ᳑᮹ᇡྙᄥᵲࠥ۵᳑ࠥšಉ
ᮥᩢ᭥⦹Łᯩ۵༉ुᔍᨦℕ(Ŗᰆ, ᔢᱱ, ᯲ᨦᰆ, Ųᨦᗭ, ᰆ, ⇽ᰆᗭ,
ᩢᨦᗭ, ᅙᔍᅙᱱ, ᩑᔍᨦᗭࠥ ᄥ}᮹ ᳑ᔍ݉᭥)ෝ ᳑ᔍ݉᭥ಽ
⦹۵ 1֥ ᵝʑ᮹ ᩑe᳑ᔍ
Table 7. Degree of Importance of Sectional Urban Structure Division Section Importance Std. Deviation Order Non- Spatial
Urban Structure
Culture 3.8519 1.33125 1
Society 3.6759 .97471 4
Economy 3.6296 1.22736 6
Spatial Urban Structure
Welfare Facilities 3.7685 1.11579 2 Environment Facilities 3.7407 1.12217 3 Community Facilities 3.6667 1.01392 5
Table 8. Analysis of Multi-Regression for Non-Spacial Urban Structure
Culture R-Square F Value Prob> F
.545 64.99 .000
Source Non Std. Coeff. Std. Coeff. t - Value
p - Value B Std. Error Beta
Variable .597 .301 1.986 .050
Culture Space .535 .090 .509 5.965 .000
Culture Events .347 .097 .305 3.573 .001
Society R-Square F Value Prob> F
.257 19.52 .000
Source Non Std. Coeff. Std. Coeff. t - Value
p - Value B Std. Error Beta
Variable 1.636 .341 4.802 .000
Unemploy-me
nt Rate .362 .082 .397 4.417 .000
Population
Increase .203 .083 .220 2.450 .016
Economy R-Square F Value Prob> F
.325 26.681 .000
Source Non Std. Coeff. Std. Coeff. t - Value
p - Value B Std. Error Beta
Variable .774 .417 1.856 .066
GRDP .555 .102 .476 5.455 .000
Venture
Business .226 .105 .188 2.158 .033
Table 9. Analysis of Multi-Regression for Spacial Urban Structure Welfare
Facilities
R-Square F Value Prob> F
.347 29.38 .000
Source Non Std. Coeff. Std. Coeff. t - Value
p - Value B Std. Error Beta
Variable 1.170 .352 3.323 .001
Bed
Hospitals .368 .114 .331 3.243 .002
Children
Welfare .327 .101 .330 3.230 .002
Environment Facilities
R-Square F Value Prob> F
.421 39.86 .000
Source Non Std. Coeff. Std. Coeff. t - Value
p - Value B Std. Error Beta
Variable 1.888 .298 3.986 .000
Environment
Pollution .435 .123 .427 3.533 .001
Air Pollution .263 .120 .264 2.183 .031 Community
Facilities
R-Square F Value Prob> F
.141 9.78 .000
Source Non Std. Coeff. Std. Coeff. t - Value
p - Value B Std. Error Beta
Variable 2.103 .365 5.759 .000
Banking .246 .101 .241 2.447 .016
R&D .217 .093 .229 2.323 .022
ᱥྙaᨱ᮹⧕⠪aࡹᨕTable 7ŝzᯕእŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑ᇥᨱ ᕽ۵ྙ⪵, ᔍ⫭, Ğᱽᇡྙᙽᮝಽ᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍᮁᯙᨱᵲ⦽
äᮝಽӹ┡ԍᮝ໑ŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑ᇥᨱᕽ۵ᅖḡᖅ, ⪹Ğ
ᖅ, ᔾ⪽ᖅᇡྙᙽᮝಽ᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍᮁᯙᨱᵲ⦽äᮝಽ
ӹ┡ԍ݅.
4.1 णվԩୡܑਏ֜ंઉଭண૬ඝ
እŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑۵ྙ⪵, ᔍ⫭, ĞᱽᇡྙᮝಽǍᇥࡹ໑b
ᇡྙ᮹ ࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽ ᵲ ᳑ᔑᨦ ᯙǍ ᮁᯙᨱ ᵲ⦽ ᩢ⨆ᮥ
ၙ⊹۵ḡ⢽۵Table 7ᨱᕽᱽࡽእŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑(ྙ⪵, ᔍ⫭, Ğᱽ) ᇡྙᮥ᳦ᗮᄡᙹಽᖅᱶ⦹ŁTable 6᮹ࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽᮹
ᵲࠥෝࠦพᄡᙹಽᖅᱶ⦹ᩍ݅ᵲ⫭ȡᇥᕾᮥ☖⦹ᩍࠥ⇽⦹ᩡ݅.
ྙ⪵ᇡྙᨱᕽ۵Table 8ŝzᯕྙ⪵Ŗe(⢽ᵡ⪵ĥᙹ0.509)ŝ
ྙ⪵⧪ᔍ(⢽ᵡ⪵ĥᙹ 0.305)a ᵲ⦽ ḡ⢽ಽ ӹ┡ԍᮝ໑ ᯕॅ
ḡ⢽ॅ᮹ྙ⪵ᇡྙᵲࠥᨱݡ⦽ᖅಆᮡ᧞55%ಽӹ┡ԍ݅.
⦽⠙ᔍ⫭ᇡྙᨱᵲ⦽ᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵ḡ⢽۵ᝅᨦශ(⢽ᵡ⪵ĥᙹ
0.397)ŝᯙǍ᷾a(⢽ᵡ⪵ĥᙹ0.220)ಽӹ┡ԍᮝ໑ᯕॅḡ⢽ॅ
ᯕᔍ⫭ᇡྙᵲࠥᨱݡ⦽ᖅಆᮡ᧞26%ಽԏíӹ┡ԍ݅.
ੱ⦽ Ğᱽᇡྙᨱ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ၙ⊹۵ ḡ⢽۵ ḡᩎ ᔾᔑ(⢽ᵡ⪵ĥᙹ
0.476) ŝᄅʑᨦ(⢽ᵡ⪵ĥᙹ0.188)ᮝಽӹ┡ԍᮝ໑ᯕॅḡ⢽
ॅᯕ Ğᱽᇡྙ ᵲࠥᨱ ݡ⦽ ᖅಆᮡ ᧞ 32%ಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
4.2 վԩୡܑਏ֜ண૬ඝ
ŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑۵ᅖḡᖅ, ⪹Ğᖅ, ᔾ⪽ᖅᇡྙᮝಽǍᇥ
ࡹ໑bᇡྙ᮹ࠥǍ᳑ᵲḡ⢽ࠥ⇽ᮡTable 7ᨱᕽᱽࡽ
ŖeᱢࠥǍ᳑(ᅖḡᖅ, ⪹Ğᖅ, ᔾ⪽ᖅ) ᇡྙᮥ᳦ᗮᄡᙹ
ಽᖅᱶ⦹ŁTable 6ŝzᮡࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽᮹ᵲࠥෝࠦพᄡᙹಽ
Table 10. Importance Indexes of Urban Structure for Creative City Non-Spacial Urban Structure Spacial Urban Structure
Culture Space Bed Hospitals
Culture Events Children Welfare Unemployment Rate Environment Pollution
Population Increase Air Pollution
GRDP Banking
Venture Business R&D
Table 11. Analysis of Multi-Regression for the Urban Structure of Metropolitan Cities
Model R-Square F Value Prob> F
.993 861.26 .000
Source Non Std. Coeff. Std. Coeff. t - Value
p - Value B Std. Error Beta
Variable -14047.084 5315.077 -2.643 .046 Culture
Events 39.333 1.340 .997 29.347 .000
*Considerable at the level of 95%
Table 12. Analysis of Multi-Regression for the Urban Structure of Large Cities
Model R-Square F Value Prob> F
.655 14.26 .001
Source Non Std. Coeff. Std. Coeff.
t -Value p -Value B Std. Error Beta
Variable -1883.054 1686.339 -1.117 .286 Culture
Events 37.037 10.049 .613 3.686 .003
Culture
Space 75.297 30.994 .404 2.429 .032
*Considerable at the level of 95%
ᖅᱶ⦹ᩍ݅ᵲ⫭ȡᇥᕾᮥ☖⦹ᩍᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ᇥᕾđŝTable 9᪡
zᯕᅖḡᖅᇡྙᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵ḡ⢽۵᮹ഭʑš(⢽ᵡ⪵ĥᙹ
0.331)ŝᦥ࠺ᅖḡᖅ(⢽ᵡ⪵ĥᙹ0.330)ಽӹ┡ԍᮝ໑ᯕॅḡ
⢽ॅᯕᅖḡᖅᇡྙᵲࠥᨱݡ⦽ᖅಆᮡ᧞35%ಽӹ┡ԍ݅.
⦽⠙⪹Ğᖅᇡྙᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵ḡ⢽۵⪹Ğ᪅ᩝšญᖅ(⢽
ᵡ⪵ĥᙹ0.427)ŝݡʑ᪅ᩝšญᖅ(⢽ᵡ⪵ĥᙹ0.264)ಽӹ┡
ԍᮝ໑ᯕॅḡ⢽ॅ᮹⪹Ğᖅᇡྙᵲࠥᨱݡ⦽ᖅಆᮡ᧞
42%ಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ੱ⦽ᔾ⪽ᖅᇡྙᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵ḡ⢽۵ɩᮖ ʑš(⢽ᵡ⪵ĥᙹ0.241)ŝᩑǍʑš(⢽ᵡ⪵ĥᙹ0.229)ᮝಽӹ┡
ԍᮝ໑ᯕॅḡ⢽ॅ᮹ᔾ⪽ᖅᇡྙᵲࠥᨱݡ⦽ᖅಆᮡ᧞
14%ಽ ๅᬑ ԏí ӹ┡ԍ݅.
᳑ࠥ᪡šಉᯩ۵ᖁ⧪ᩑǍᨱᕽᱽࡽࠥḡ⢽ᨱɝÑ⧕
ࠥ⇽ࡽ42}᮹ࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽᪡᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ᪡᮹šĥෝᇥᕾ⦽
đŝTable 10ŝzᯕ12}᮹ࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽a᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ᪡
šĥa ᯩ۵ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
5. ࠥȽ༉ᄥ᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ᪡ࠥǍ᳑šĥᇥᕾ
ࠥĞᱽ, ࠥᔍ⫭, ࠥྙ⪵, ࠥŖe॒݅᧲⦽ࠥǍ᳑
۵ࠥȽ༉ᨱⓑ₉ᯕaᯩᨕ᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ᪡ࠥǍ᳑᪡
᮹šĥෝŲᩎ, ݡࠥ, ᵲᗭࠥಽӹ٥ᨕࠥȽ༉ᄥಽᇥᕾ⦹
ᩡ݅.
5.1 ֈલਏছଭఢॺડܑ֜ਏ֜
ᕽᬙ✚ᄥၰ6ݡŲᩎᨱᕽ᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ᪡ࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽
ॅŝ᮹ šĥෝ ❭ᦦ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ ᕽᬙ✚ᄥ ၰ Ųᩎ ᳑ᔑᨦ
ᯙǍෝ᳦ᗮᄡᙹಽᖅᱶ⦹ŁTable 10ᨱᕽᱽࡽ᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ
šಉᵲࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽ෝࠦพᄡᙹಽᖅᱶ⦹ᩍ݅ᵲ⫭ȡᇥᕾᮥ
⦹ᩡ݅. ᇥᕾđŝ Table 11ŝ zᯕ ࠥǍ᳑ ḡ⢽᮹ ᳑ᔑᨦ
ᯙǍᨱ ݡ⦽ ᖅಆᮡ ᧞ 99%ಽ ӹ┡ԍᮝ໑ ᳑ᔑᨦ ᯙǍᨱ
ᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵ḡ⢽۵12}ࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽ᵲྙ⪵⧪ᔍ(⢽ᵡ⪵ĥᙹ
0.997)ಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
5.2 ۩ܑਏছଭఢॺડܑ֜ਏ֜
Ųᩎෝᱽ⦽ᱥǎ᮹ᯙǍ50อᯕᔢ15}ࠥᨱᕽࠥǍ᳑
ḡ⢽ॅᯕ᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ᪡ᨕਅšĥaᯩ۵ḡෝ❭ᦦ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍ
ݡࠥ᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍෝ᳦ᗮᄡᙹಽᖅᱶ⦹ŁTable 10ᨱᕽᱽ
ࡽ᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍšಉᵲࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽ෝࠦพᄡᙹಽᖅᱶ⦹ᩍ
݅ᵲ⫭ȡᇥᕾᮥ⦹ᩡ݅. ᇥᕾđŝTable 12᪡zᯕࠥǍ᳑ḡ⢽
ॅ᮹᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍᨱݡ⦽ᖅಆᮡ᧞66%ಽӹ┡ԍᮝ໑12}
ᵲࠥǍ᳑ ḡ⢽ ᵲ᳑ᔑᨦ ᯙǍᨱ ᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵ ḡ⢽۵
ྙ⪵⧪ᔍ(⢽ᵡ⪵ĥᙹ0.613)᪡ྙ⪵Ŗe(⢽ᵡ⪵ĥᙹ0.404)ᮝಽ
ӹ┡ԍ݅.
5.3 ணীܑਏছଭఢॺડܑ֜ਏ֜
ᯙǍȽ༉50อᯕ⦹᮹ɪᯕᔢ60}ࠥᨱᕽࠥǍ᳑
ḡ⢽ॅᯕ᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍ᪡ᨕਅšĥaᯩ۵ḡෝ❭ᦦ⦹ʑ᭥⧕
ᵲᗭࠥ ᳑ᔑᨦ ᯙǍෝ ᳦ᗮᄡᙹಽ ᖅᱶ⦹Ł Table 10ᨱᕽ
ᱽ⦽ ᳑ᔑᨦ ᯙǍ šಉ ᵲ ࠥǍ᳑ ḡ⢽ෝ ࠦพᄡᙹಽ
ᖅᱶ⦹ᩍ݅ᵲ⫭ȡᇥᕾᮥ⦹ᩡ݅. ᇥᕾđŝTable 13ŝzᯕࠥ
Ǎ᳑ḡ⢽ॅ᮹᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍᨱݡ⦽ᖅಆᮡ᧞53%ಽӹ┡ԍᮝ
໑᳑ᔑᨦᯙǍᮁᯙᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵ḡ⢽۵ྙ⪵⧪ᔍ(⢽ᵡ⪵ĥ
ᙹ0.630)᪡⪹Ğ᪅ᩝšญᖅ(⢽ᵡ⪵ĥᙹ0.275)ಽӹ┡ԍ݅.
Table 13. Analysis of Multi-Regression for the Urban Structure of Medium & Small Cities
Model R-Square F Value Prob> F
.532 23.38 .000
Source Non Std. Coeff. Std. Coeff. t - value
p - value B Std. Error Beta
Variable -80.604 170.518 -.473 .638
Culture
Events 20.853 2.982 .630 6.993 .000
Environment
Pollution .417 .137 .275 3.034 .004
*Considerable at the level of 95%
Table 14. Indexes of Important Urban Structure in Different Urban Sizes
Urban Size
Indexes of Urban Structure Non-Spacial Urban
Structure Spacial Urban Structure Metropolitan Culture Events
Large Culture Events Culture Space
Small & Medium Culture Events Environment Pollution
