03 월 모의고사 03 월 모의고사 03 월 모의고사
1. 1.
1.
(A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은? <18-1>Your students could miss class for a number of reasons.
Whether it’s for an extended holiday, flu season, (A) [and / or]
an injury, EdAll is your insurance for any situation. On EdAll, students can check out assignments and lessons you post at any time. They can (B) [stay / be stayed] on track with what you’re teaching and jump right back in when they return. No more preparing special materials for absent students! Simply visit www.edall.edu and (C) [signing / sign] up for a free account to take full advantage of all it has to offer, and get your students onto EdAll so they can stay involved.
(A) (B) (C)
① and … be stayed … sign
② or … stay … sign
③ and … stay … sign
④ or … stay … signing
⑤ and … be stayed … signing
2. 2.
2.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은? <18-2>Your students could miss class for ⓐa number of reasons.
ⓑWhether it’s for an extended holiday, flu season, or an injury, EdAll is your insurance for any situation. On EdAll, students can check out assignments and lessons you post at any time. They can stay on track with ⓒwhat you’re teaching and jump right back in when they return. No more preparing special materials for absent students! Simply ⓓvisiting www.edall.edu and sign up for a free account to take full advantage of all it has to offer, and get your students onto EdAll so they can stay ⓔinvolved.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
3. 3. 3.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓒ 부분을 어법과 문맥에 맞게 고쳐 쓰시오. <18-3>Your students could miss class for a number of reasons.
Whether it’s for an ⓐexpanded holiday, flu season, or an injury, EdAll is your insurance for any situation. On EdAll, students can check out assignments and lessons you post at any time. They can stay on track with what you’re teaching and ⓑjumping right back in when they return. No more preparing special materials for absent students! Simply visit www.edall.edu and sign up for a free account to ⓒtaking full advantage of all it has to offer, and get your students onto EdAll so they can stay involved.
ⓐ →
ⓑ →
ⓒ →
4. 4. 4.
(A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은? <19-1>There was a (A) [flesh / flash] of movement in the window. Richard slowly began to step backwards. Quickly he opened the closet and went inside closing the door behind him. Heavy footsteps began to advance towards the room. Richard’s throat was dry, and his mind was racing out of control. (B) [Stare / Staring] out into the room, Richard felt his heart pounding harder than it had ever pounded before. There now standing in the room, the same room Richard was in, was a man so hideous; it took his breath away. Suddenly the man began sniffing around the room. Richard knew he was about to (C) [be / being] discovered. His heart began to pound faster.
(A) (B) (C)
① flash … Staring … be
② flesh … Staring … be
③ flash … Stare … be
④ flesh … Stare … being
⑤ flash … Stare … being
5. 5.
5.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은? <19-2>There was a flash of movement in the window. Richard slowly began to step backwards. Quickly he opened the closet and went inside ⓐclosing the door behind him. Heavy footsteps began to advance towards the room. Richard’s throat was dry, and his mind was racing out of control. Staring out into the room, Richard felt his heart ⓑpounding harder than it ⓒhad ever pounded before. There now ⓓstanding in the room, the same room Richard was in, was a man so hideous; it took his breath away.
Suddenly the man began sniffing around the room. Richard knew he was about to ⓔdiscover. His heart began to pound faster.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
6. 6.
6.
(A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은? <20-1>What is your goal in writing a particular paper or giving a talk or doing a poster? You should be (A) [capable / able] to state this goal in one sentence. For example, one of Bob’s first papers as a psychology student was written to show that individual differences in children’s intelligence could not be explained by (B) [genetic / genuine] factors alone. Sure, he reviewed the literature on inheritance of intelligence. And of course he reviewed the literature on environmental effects on intelligence.
But he had no thesis. Good papers do not merely review literature and then say something like “there are many different points of view, all of (C) [them / which] have something useful to say.” When you communicate via a paper, talk, or poster, be clear about what you want to show, and show it.
(A) (B) (C)
① capable … genetic … them
② able … genetic … which
③ capable … genetic … which
④ able … genuine … which
⑤ capable … genuine … them
7. 7. 7.
다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?<20-2>What is your goal in writing a particular paper or giving a talk or doing a poster? You should be able to state this goal in one sentence. ___(A)___, one of Bob’s first papers as a psychology student was written to show that individual differences in children’s intelligence could not be explained by genetic factors alone. Sure, he reviewed the literature on inheritance of intelligence. And of course he reviewed the literature on environmental effects on intelligence. ___(B)___ he had no thesis. Good papers do not merely review literature and then say something like “there are many different points of view, all of which have something useful to say.” When you communicate via a paper, talk, or poster, be clear about what you want to show, and show it.
(A) (B)
① For example …… Therefore
② Therefore …… Instead
③ Likewise …… In contrast
④ However …… For example
⑤ For example …… But
8. 8. 8.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은?<20-3>What is your goal in writing a particular paper or giving a talk or ⓐdoing a poster? You should be able to state this goal in one sentence. For example, one of Bob’s first papers as a psychology student ⓑwas written to show that individual differences in children’s intelligence could not be explained by genetic factors ⓒalone. Sure, he reviewed the literature on inheritance of intelligence. And of course he reviewed the literature on environmental effects on intelligence. But he had no thesis. Good papers do not merely review literature and then say something like “there are many different points of view, all of which have ⓓsomething useful to say.” When you communicate via a paper, talk, or poster, ⓔbeing clear about what you want to show, and show it.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
9. 9.
9.
빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오. <20-4>What is your goal in writing a particular paper or giving a talk or doing a poster? You should be able to ___(A)___. For example, one of Bob’s first papers as a psychology student was written to show that individual differences in children’s intelligence could not be explained by genetic factors alone.
Sure, he reviewed the literature on inheritance of intelligence.
And of course he reviewed the literature on environmental effects on intelligence. But he ___(B)___. Good papers do not merely review literature and then say something like “there are many different points of view, all of which have something useful to say.” When you communicate via a paper, talk, or poster, be ___(C)___, and show it.
① clear about what you want to show
② state this goal in one sentence
③ had no thesis
10. 10.
10.
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. <20-6>What is your goal in writing a particular paper or giving a talk or doing a poster?
(A) Good papers do not merely review literature and then say something like “there are many different points of view, all of which have something useful to say.” When you communicate via a paper, talk, or poster, be clear about what you want to show, and show it.
(B) You should be able to state this goal in one sentence. For example, one of Bob’s first papers as a psychology student was written to show that individual differences in children’s intelligence could not be explained by genetic factors alone.
(C) Sure, he reviewed the literature on inheritance of intelligence. And of course he reviewed the literature on environmental effects on intelligence. But he had no thesis.
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)
④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
11. 11. 11.
글의 흐름상, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오. <20-6>But he had no thesis.
What is your goal in writing a particular paper or giving a talk or doing a poster? You should be able to state this goal in one sentence. () For example, one of Bob’s first papers as a psychology student was written to show that individual differences in children’s intelligence could not be explained by genetic factors alone. (‚) Sure, he reviewed the literature on inheritance of intelligence. (ƒ) And of course he reviewed the literature on environmental effects on intelligence. („) Good papers do not merely review literature and then say something like “there are many different points of view, all of which have something useful to say.” (…) When you communicate via a paper, talk, or poster, be clear about what you want to show, and show it.
① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)
12. 12. 12.
(A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은? <21-1>Plant and animal species are so diverse that the old saying
“beauty is in the eye of the beholder” could be the perfect slogan for nature’s bounty. (A) [That's / It’s] easy for most people to see the breathtaking beauty found in the brightly colored wings of butterflies, a field of blooming wildflowers, or a forest of hardwood trees in their autumn glory. But what about snails and their trails of slime, rats with yellow teeth, or spiders that look like fierce aliens? These species are beautiful in their own right
— just not in a traditional sense. Recognition of their unique beauty may (B) [require / be required] setting aside any preconceptions — or misconceptions — people may have about fungi, insects, or reptiles. People seem to be hardwired to see warm and fuzzy mammals as cute, while often lacking this innate and immediate attraction to the cold-blooded, eight-legged, or egg-laying members of the animal kingdom. Yet beauty is in no (C) [sufficient / short] supply among these animals.
(A) (B) (C)
① That's … be required … short
② It's … require … short
③ That's … require … short
④ It's … require … sufficient
⑤ That's … be required … sufficient
13. 13.
13.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은? <21-2>Plant and animal species are so diverse ⓐthat the old saying
“beauty is in the eye of the beholder” could be the perfect slogan for nature’s bounty. ⓑIt’s easy for most people to see the breathtaking beauty found in the brightly colored wings of butterflies, a field of blooming wildflowers, or a forest of hardwood trees in their autumn glory. But what about snails and their trails of slime, rats with yellow teeth, or spiders ⓒthat look alike fierce aliens? These species are beautiful in their own right
— just not in a traditional sense. Recognition of their unique beauty may require ⓓsetting aside any preconceptions — or misconceptions — people may have about fungi, insects, or reptiles. People seem to be hardwired to see warm and fuzzy mammals as cute, while often ⓔlacking this innate and immediate attraction to the cold-blooded, eight-legged, or egg-laying members of the animal kingdom. Yet beauty is in no short supply among these animals.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
14. 14.
14.
빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오. <21-3>Plant and animal species are so diverse that the old saying
“___(A)___ ” could be the perfect slogan for nature’s bounty. It’s easy for most people to see the breathtaking beauty found in the brightly colored wings of butterflies, a field of blooming wildflowers, or a forest of hardwood trees in their autumn glory.
But what about snails and their trails of slime, rats with yellow teeth, or spiders that look like fierce aliens? These species are ___(B)___ — just not in a traditional sense. Recognition of their unique beauty may require setting aside any preconceptions —
or misconceptions — people may have about fungi, insects, or reptiles. People seem to be hardwired to see warm and fuzzy mammals as cute, while often lacking this innate and immediate attraction to the cold-blooded, eight-legged, or egg-laying members of the animal kingdom. Yet ___(C)___ among these animals.
① beauty is in no short supply
② beautiful in their own right
③ beauty is in the eye of the beholder
15. 15. 15.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은?<22-1>During the last two decades many developing countries have joined the global tourism market as part of globalization processes and the fall of the Iron Curtain. These countries had suffered from negative public and media image ⓐwhich made it challenging for them to compete over tourists with countries with strong and familiar brands. In this global era, a problematic image is a major obstacle in attracting tourists, high-quality residents and investors. However, in the case of destinations
ⓑsuffering from prolonged image crises, it seems almost unrealistic ⓒto expect any target audience to visit a destination and “put aside” these long-lasting negative images and stereotypes, just because of an advertising campaign or other promotional effort. Tackling prolonged negative place images
ⓓare crucial for developing tourism in Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, Eastern Europe and Asia. Although these destinations differ ⓔgreatly, in the eyes of many potential tourists they all suffer from weak place images, negative stereotypes and problematic perceptions.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
16. 16. 16.
다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.<22-2>During the last two decades many developing countries have joined the global tourism market as part of globalization processes and the fall of the Iron Curtain. These countries had suffered from negative public and media image (it made them compete which challenging for to) over tourists with countries with strong and familiar brands. In this global era, a problematic image is a major obstacle in attracting tourists, high-quality residents and investors. ____________, in the case of destinations suffering from prolonged image crises, it seems almost unrealistic to expect any target audience to visit a destination and “put aside” these long-lasting negative images and stereotypes, just because of an advertising campaign or other promotional effort. Tackling prolonged negative place images is crucial for developing tourism in Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, Eastern Europe and Asia. Although these destinations differ greatly, in the eyes of many potential tourists they all suffer from weak place images, negative stereotypes and problematic perceptions.
① Therefore ② For example ③ However
④ Furthermore ⑤ In short
17. 17. 17.
밑줄 친 괄호 안에 주어진 낱말들을 어법과 문맥에 맞게 배열하시오.18. 18.
18.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은? <23-1>With the general ⓐaccessibility of photocopiers in student libraries, students tend to copy the relevant material for later use. In such cases the students are not always ⓑselective about what they copy. Often useless material is gathered that may seem important at the time but does not seem so in their study room on the night before an exam or essay due date.
________, when most people photocopy material from books, they feel as if they have actually ⓒaccomplished something.
After all, a few photocopied pages in their notebook now represent information that used to be in a big, thick book. The reality of the situation is that ⓓsomething significant has been accomplished yet. The student only has the information in a transportable form. He or she has not learned anything from the material. The information content of the photocopied sheets is just as ⓔforeign as if it had been left on the library shelf.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
19. 19.
19.
윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.① Therefore ② For example ③ However
④ In addition ⑤ In short
20. 20.
20.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은? <23-2>With the general accessibility of photocopiers in student libraries, students tend to copy the relevant material for later use. In such cases the students are not always selective about what they copy. Often ⓐuseless material is gathered that may seem important at the time but does not seem ⓑso in their study room on the night before an exam or essay due date. In addition, when most people photocopy material from books, they feel as if they have actually accomplished something. After all, ⓒa few photocopied pages in their notebook now ⓓrepresent information that ⓔare used to be in a big, thick book. The reality of the situation is that nothing significant has been accomplished yet.
The student only has the information in a transportable form. He or she has not learned anything from the material. The (information sheets been content is of the left photocopied just as as if it had foreign) on the library shelf.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
21. 21.
21.
밑줄 친 괄호 안에 주어진 낱말들을 어법과 문맥에 맞게 배열하시오.↠
22. 22. 22.
(A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은? <23-3>With the general accessibility of photocopiers in student libraries, students tend to copy the relevant material for later use. In such cases the students are not always selective about (A) [what / which] they copy. Often useless material is gathered that may seem important at the time but does not seem so in their study room on the night before an exam or essay due date.
In addition, when most people photocopy material from books, they feel (B) [even if / as if] they have actually accomplished something. After all, a few photocopied pages in their notebook now represent information that used to be in a big, thick book.
The reality of the situation is that nothing significant has been accomplished yet. The student only has the information in a transportable form. He or she has not learned anything from the material. The information content of the photocopied sheets is just as foreign as if it had (C) [left / been left] on the library shelf.
(A) (B) (C)
① what … as if … been left
② which … as if … been left
③ what … even if … been left
④ which … even if … left
⑤ what … even if … left
23. 23. 23.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은? <24-1>Jacqueline Cochran was raised by foster parents in a poor town in Florida. When she was about eight years old, the family moved to Columbus, Georgia, ⓐin which she worked 12 hours a day in a factory. Her formal education ⓑlasted only two years;
she learned to read and write on her own. In 1932 she met her future husband, Floyd Odlum, who encouraged her ⓒto learn to fly. Cochran loved flying and ⓓparticipated many air races.
Before World War II, she volunteered her services to the Royal Air Force. She recruited qualified women pilots in the United States and took them to England ⓔwhere they joined the air force. After the war, Cochran set more than 200 flight records in her career. In 1953, she became the first woman pilot to break the sound barrier. ________, she was the first female to pilot a jet across the Atlantic.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
24. 24. 24.
윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.① Therefore ② For example ③ However
④ Additionally ⑤ In short
25. 25.
25.
(A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은? <28-1>The repairman is called in (A) [which / when] the smooth operation of our world has been disrupted, and at such moments our dependence on things normally taken for granted (for example, a toilet that flushes) is brought to vivid awareness.
For this very reason, the repairman’s presence may make the narcissist uncomfortable. The problem isn’t so much that he is dirty or the job is messy. Rather, he (B) [seems / is seemed] to pose a challenge to our self-understanding that is somehow fundamental. We’re not as free and independent as we thought.
Street-level work that disrupts the infrastructure (the sewer system below or the electrical grid above) brings our shared dependence into view. People may (C) [inhibit / inhabit] very different worlds even in the same city, according to their wealth or poverty. Yet we all live in the same physical reality, ultimately, and owe a common debt to the world.
(A) (B) (C)
① which … is seemed … inhabit
② when … seems … inhabit
③ which … seems … inhabit
④ when … seems … inhibit
⑤ which … is seemed … inhibit
26. 26.
26.
글의 흐름상, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오. <28-2>Rather, he seems to pose a challenge to our self-understanding that is somehow fundamental.
The repairman is called in when the smooth operation of our world has been disrupted, and at such moments our dependence on things normally taken for granted (for example, a toilet that flushes) is brought to vivid awareness. () For this very reason, the repairman’s presence may make the narcissist uncomfortable. The problem isn’t so much that he is dirty or the job is messy. (‚) We’re not as free and independent as we thought. (ƒ) Street-level work that disrupts the infrastructure (the sewer system below or the electrical grid above) brings our shared dependence into view. („) People may inhabit very different worlds even in the same city, according to their wealth or poverty. (…) Yet we all live in the same physical reality, ultimately, and owe a common debt to the world.
① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)
27. 27. 27.
다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? <28-3>The repairman is called in when the smooth operation of our world has been disrupted, and at such moments our dependence on things normally taken for granted (for example, a toilet that flushes) is brought to vivid awareness. For this very reason, the repairman’s presence may make the narcissist uncomfortable. The problem isn’t so much that he is dirty or the job is messy. ___(A)___, he seems to pose a challenge to our self-understanding that is somehow fundamental. We’re not as free and independent as we thought. Street-level work that disrupts the infrastructure (the sewer system below or the electrical grid above) brings our shared dependence into view.
People may inhabit very different worlds even in the same city, according to their wealth or poverty. ___(B)___ we all live in the same physical reality, ultimately, and owe a common debt to the world.
(A) (B)
① For example …… Therefore
② Therefore …… Instead
③ Likewise …… In contrast
④ Rather …… Yet
⑤ For example …… Nevertheless
28. 28. 28.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은? <28-4>The repairman is called in when the smooth operation of our world ⓐhas been disrupted, and at such moments our dependence on things normally ⓑtaken for granted (for example, a toilet that flushes) is brought to vivid awareness. For this very reason, the repairman’s presence may make the narcissist uncomfortable.
The problem isn’t ⓒso much that he is dirty or the job is messy.
Rather, he seems to pose a challenge to our self-understanding that is somehow fundamental. We’re not ⓓso free and independent as we thought. Street-level work that disrupts the infrastructure (the sewer system below or the electrical grid above) brings our shared dependence into view. People may inhabit very different worlds even in the same city, ⓔin addition to their wealth or poverty. Yet we all live in the same physical reality, ultimately, and owe a common debt to the world.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
29. 29.
29.
빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. <28-5>The repairman is called in when the smooth operation of our world has been disrupted, and at such moments our dependence on things normally taken for granted (for example, a toilet that flushes) is brought to vivid awareness. For this very reason, the repairman’s presence may make the narcissist uncomfortable. The problem isn’t so much that he is dirty or the job is messy. Rather, he seems to pose a challenge to our self-understanding that is somehow fundamental. We’re not as free and ________ as we thought. Street-level work that disrupts the infrastructure (the sewer system below or the electrical grid above) brings our shared dependence into view.
People may inhabit very different worlds even in the same city, according to their wealth or poverty. Yet we all live in the same physical reality, ultimately, and owe a common debt to the world.
① independent
② vulnerable
③ informed
④ sensible
⑤ naive
30. 30.
30.
빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오. <28-6>The repairman is called in when the smooth operation of our world has been disrupted, and at such moments ___(A)___ on things normally taken for granted (for example, a toilet that flushes) is brought to vivid awareness. For this very reason, the repairman’s presence may make the narcissist uncomfortable.
The problem isn’t so much that he is dirty or the job is messy.
Rather, he seems to pose a challenge to our self-understanding that is somehow fundamental. We’re not as ___(B)___ as we thought. Street-level work that disrupts the infrastructure (the sewer system below or the electrical grid above) brings our shared dependence into view. People may inhabit very different worlds even in the same city, according to their wealth or poverty. Yet we all live in the same physical reality, ultimately, and ___(C)___ to the world.
① owe a common debt
② our dependence
③ free and independent
31. 31. 31.
(A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은? <29-1>The old maxim “I’ll sleep when I’m dead” is unfortunate. Adopt this mind-set, (A) [or / and] you will be dead sooner and the quality of that life will be worse. The elastic band of sleep deprivation can stretch only so far before it snaps. Sadly, human beings are in fact the only species that will deliberately deprive themselves of sleep without legitimate gain. Every component of wellness, and countless seams of societal fabric, (B) [are / is] being eroded by our costly state of sleep neglect:
human and financial alike. So much so that the World Health Organization (WHO) has now declared a sleep loss epidemic throughout industrialized nations. (C) [There / It] is no coincidence that countries where sleep time has declined most dramatically over the past century, such as the US, the UK, Japan, and South Korea, and several in Western Europe, are also those suffering the greatest increase in rates of physical diseases and mental disorders.
(A) (B) (C)
① and … is … There
② and … are … It
③ and … is … It
④ or … are … It
⑤ or … is … There
32. 32. 32.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은? <29-2>The old maxim “I’ll sleep when I’m dead” is unfortunate. Adopt this mind-set, and you will be ⓐdeadly sooner and the quality of that life will be worse. The elastic band of sleep deprivation can stretch only so far before it snaps. Sadly, human beings are in fact the only species that will deliberately deprive themselves of sleep without legitimate gain. Every component of wellness, and countless seams of societal fabric, ⓑare being eroded by our costly state of sleep neglect: human and financial alike. So much so that the World Health Organization (WHO) has now declared a sleep loss epidemic throughout industrialized nations. ⓒIt is no coincidence that countries where sleep time has declined most dramatically over the past century, such as the US, the UK, Japan, and South Korea, and several in Western Europe, ⓓare also ⓔthose suffering the greatest increase in rates of physical diseases and mental disorders.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
33. 33.
33.
빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오. <29-3>The old maxim “I’ll sleep when I’m dead” is unfortunate. Adopt this mind-set, and you will be dead sooner and the quality of that life will be worse. The elastic band of ___(A)___ can stretch only so far before it snaps. Sadly, human beings are in fact the only species that will deliberately ___(B)___ without legitimate gain.
Every component of wellness, and countless seams of societal fabric, are being eroded by our costly state of sleep neglect:
human and financial alike. So much so that the World Health Organization (WHO) has now declared ___(C)___ throughout industrialized nations. It is no coincidence that countries where sleep time has declined most dramatically over the past century, such as the US, the UK, Japan, and South Korea, and several in Western Europe, are also those suffering the greatest increase in rates of physical diseases and mental disorders.
① a sleep loss epidemic
② deprive themselves of sleep
③ sleep deprivation
34. 34.
34.
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.<30-1>Jack closed his eyes and took a deep breath. Then Dr. Davis showed up and plugged in his saw. Jack didn’t know if he was curious or just scared, but he had to watch as the blade spun toward his arm.
(A) Slowly and skillfully, Dr. Davis moved the blade close to Jack’s pale skin as he cut the last bits of fiber that still held.
Finally, the cast popped apart. Jack’s flattened arm hairs tried to stand on end as air rushed around them for the first time in weeks.
(B) The high-pitched scream filled the small room and bounced off the cement block walls. He flinched to cover his ears, but Dr.
Davis said, “Jack, hold still now. This’ll only take a minute.”
Plaster dust sprayed up like a rooster tail as the saw sank into his cast.
(C) He ignored the dust flying and stared without blinking while Dr. Davis moved the blade up and down his arm, cutting deeper and deeper until the tension of the cast released.
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)
④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
35. 35. 35.
글의 흐름상, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.<30-2>Slowly and skillfully, Dr. Davis moved the blade close to Jack’s pale skin as he cut the last bits of fiber that still held.
Jack closed his eyes and took a deep breath. Then Dr. Davis showed up and plugged in his saw. () Jack didn’t know if he was curious or just scared, but he had to watch as the blade spun toward his arm. (‚) The high-pitched scream filled the small room and bounced off the cement block walls. He flinched to cover his ears, but Dr. Davis said, “Jack, hold still now. (ƒ) This’ll only take a minute.” Plaster dust sprayed up like a rooster tail as the saw sank into his cast. („) He ignored the dust flying and stared without blinking while Dr. Davis moved the blade up and down his arm, cutting deeper and deeper until the tension of the cast released. (…) Finally, the cast popped apart. Jack’s flattened arm hairs tried to stand on end as air rushed around them for the first time in weeks.
① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)
36. 36. 36.
(A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<30-3>Jack closed his eyes and took a deep breath. Then Dr. Davis showed up and plugged in his saw. Jack didn’t know (A) [if / that]
he was curious or just scared, but he had to watch as the blade spun toward his arm. The high-pitched scream filled the small room and bounced off the cement block walls. He flinched to cover his ears, but Dr. Davis said, “Jack, hold still now. This’ll only take a minute.” Plaster dust sprayed up (B) [alike / like] a rooster tail as the saw sank into his cast. He ignored the dust flying and stared without blinking while Dr. Davis moved the blade up and down his arm, (C) [cut / cutting] deeper and deeper until the tension of the cast released. Slowly and skillfully, Dr.
Davis moved the blade close to Jack’s pale skin as he cut the last bits of fiber that still held. Finally, the cast popped apart.
Jack’s flattened arm hairs tried to stand on end as air rushed around them for the first time in weeks.
(A) (B) (C)
① that … alike … cut
② if … like … cut
③ that … like … cutting
④ it … like … cutting
⑤ that … alike … cutting
37. 37.
37.
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. <31-1>It is important to note that the primary goal of the professional athlete as well as many adults — winning — is far less important to children.
(A) It appears that, even at very young ages, children begin to tune in to the adult emphasis on winning, even though they do not yet share it themselves. What children do share is a desire to have fun!
(B) In one of our own studies, we found that teams’ won-lost records had nothing to do with how much young athletes liked their coaches or with their desire to play for the same coaches again.
(C) Interestingly, however, success of the team was related to how much the children thought their parents liked their coaches.
The children also felt that the won-lost record influenced how much their coaches liked them.
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)
④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
38. 38.
38.
(A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은? <31-2>It is important to note that the primary goal of the professional athlete as (A) [far / well] as many adults — winning — is far less important to children. In one of our own studies, we found that teams’ won-lost records had nothing to do with how much young athletes liked their coaches or with their desire to play for the same coaches again. Interestingly, however, success of the team was related to (B) [however / how] much the children thought their parents liked their coaches. The children also felt that the won-lost record influenced how much their coaches liked them. It appears that, even at very young ages, children begin to tune in to the adult emphasis on winning, even though they do not yet share it themselves. What children (C) [do /doing]
share is a desire to have fun!
(A) (B) (C)
① far … however … do
② well … how … do
③ far … how … do
④ well … how … doing
⑤ far … however … doing
39. 39. 39.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은? <31-3>ⓐIt is important to note that the primary goal of the professional athlete as well as many adults — winning — is ⓑfar less important to children. In one of our own studies, we found that teams’ won-lost records had nothing to do with how much young athletes liked their coaches or with their desire to play for the same coaches again. Interestingly, ________, success of the team ⓒrelated to how much the children thought their parents liked their coaches. The children also felt that the won-lost record influenced how much their coaches liked them.
It appears ⓓthat, even at very young ages, children begin to tune in to the adult emphasis on winning, even though they do not yet share it themselves. ⓔWhat children do share is a desire to have fun!
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
40. 40. 40.
윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.① therefore ② for example ③ however
④ furthermore ⑤ in short
41. 41. 41.
빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오<31-4>It is important to note that the primary goal of the professional athlete as well as many adults — winning — is ___(A)___. In one of our own studies, we found that teams’ won-lost records ___(B)___ to do with how much young athletes liked their coaches or with their desire to play for the same coaches again.
Interestingly, however, success of the team was related to how much the children thought their parents liked their coaches. The children also felt that the won-lost record influenced how much their coaches liked them. It appears that, even at very young ages, children begin to tune in to the adult emphasis on winning, even though they do not yet share it themselves. What children do share is ___(C)___!
① a desire to have fun
② had nothing
③ far less important to children
42. 42.
42.
(A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<32-1>Sculpture in a public place is the emotional and aesthetic focal point of the elements in the surrounding environment. Any environment is unique with the diversity of its component elements, the connections between them and (A) [their /its] appearance as a complete structure. This preliminary structural analysis and acquaintance with the site chosen for the sculpture is compulsory before working on its design; it is a requirement for successful integration in the specific space. The proper understanding of the spatial characteristics of the elements, (B) [makes / making] up the whole multitude, as well as of the structural links between the constituent elements of this specific microcosm are preconditions for satisfactory design and an adequate sculptural solution. (C) [Contrary / According] to the mechanical adding of one more element to the multitude, it is better to “weave” something more into the context of the existing structure. [3점]
(A) (B) (C)
① its … makes … According
② their … making … According
③ its … making … Contrary
④ their … making … Contrary
⑤ its … makes … Contrary
43. 43.
43.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은?(2개)<32-2>Sculpture in a public place is the emotional and aesthetic focal point of the elements in the ⓐsurrounding environment. Any environment is unique with the diversity of its component elements, the connections between them and their appearance as a complete structure. This preliminary structural analysis and acquaintance with the site ⓑchosen for the sculpture is compulsory before working on its design; it is a requirement for successful integration in the specific space. The proper ⓒ understanding the spatial characteristics of the elements, making up the whole multitude, as well as of the structural links between the constituent elements of this specific microcosm ⓓare preconditions for satisfactory design and an adequate sculptural solution. Contrary to the mechanical ⓔadding one more element to the multitude, it is better to “weave” something more into the context of the existing structure. [3점]
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
44. 44. 44.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은?<32-3>Sculpture in a public place is the emotional and aesthetic focal point of the elements in the ⓐsurrounding environment. Any environment is unique with the diversity of its component elements, the connections between them and their appearance as a complete structure. This ⓑpreliminary structural analysis and acquaintance with the site chosen for the sculpture is ⓒ compulsory before working on its design; it is a requirement for successful integration in the specific space. The proper understanding of the spatial characteristics of the elements, making up the whole multitude, as well as of the structural links between the constituent elements of this specific microcosm are ⓓpreconditions for satisfactory design and an adequate sculptural solution. Contrary to the mechanical adding of one more element to the multitude, it is better to “weave” something more into the context of the ⓔadded structure. [3점]
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
45. 45. 45.
빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오.<32-4>Sculpture in a public place is the emotional and aesthetic focal point of the elements in the surrounding environment. Any environment is unique with the diversity of its component elements, the connections between them and their appearance as a complete structure. This ___(A)___ with the site chosen for the sculpture is compulsory before working on its design; it is a requirement for successful integration in the specific space.
The ___(B)___ of the elements, making up the whole multitude, as well as of the structural links between the constituent elements of this specific microcosm are preconditions for satisfactory design and an adequate sculptural solution.
Contrary to the mechanical adding of one more element to the multitude, it is better to ___(C)___. [3점]
① proper understanding of the spatial characteristics
② preliminary structural analysis and acquaintance
③ “weave” something more into the context of the existing structure
46. 46.
46.
다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?<33-1>Typically an individual cannot accurately assess the gains and costs likely to occur in social interactions. Even the intrinsic satisfactions associated with the individual’s own behaviors may turn sour if the other person somehow does the wrong thing. ___(A)___, a person may derive intrinsic satisfaction from helping others; so if the recipient reciprocates favor for favor, both intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction derive from the profitable interaction. ___(B)___, the recipient may ignore or even resent the good-intended gesture as patronizing and may verbally abuse the favor doer, thereby increasing the costs, perhaps spoiling the intrinsic satisfaction (gain) of the behavior, and hence leaving the favor doer with a net loss for the interaction. The consequences of interaction can be difficult to foresee because they depend as much on the behavior of others as on oneself.
(A) (B)
① For example …… Therefore
② Therefore …… Instead
③ Likewise …… In contrast
④ However …… For example
⑤ For example …… However
47. 47.
47.
(A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<33-2>Typically an individual cannot accurately assess the gains and costs likely to occur in social interactions. Even the intrinsic satisfactions (A) [associating / associated] with the individual’s own behaviors may turn sour if the other person somehow does the wrong thing. For example, a person may derive intrinsic satisfaction from helping others; so if the recipient reciprocates favor for favor, (B) [both / either] intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction derive from the profitable interaction. However, the recipient may ignore or even resent the good-intended gesture as patronizing and may verbally abuse the favor doer, thereby increasing the costs, perhaps spoiling the intrinsic satisfaction (gain) of the behavior, and hence leaving the favor doer with a net loss for the interaction. The consequences of interaction can be difficult to foresee because they (C) [defend / depend] as much on the behavior of others as on oneself.
(A) (B) (C)
① associating … both … defend
② associated … both … depend
③ associating … both … depend
④ associated … either … depend
⑤ associating … either … defend
48. 48. 48.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은?<33-3>Typically an individual cannot accurately ⓐassess the gains and costs likely to occur in social interactions. Even the intrinsic satisfactions associated with the individual’s own behaviors may ⓑturn sour if the other person somehow does the wrong thing. For example, a person may derive intrinsic satisfaction from helping others; so if the recipient reciprocates ⓒfavor for favor, both intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction derive from the profitable interaction. However, the recipient may ignore or even resent the good-intended gesture as patronizing and may verbally abuse the favor doer, thereby ⓓincreasing the costs, perhaps spoiling the intrinsic satisfaction (gain) of the behavior, and hence ⓔleave the favor doer with a net loss for the interaction. The consequences of interaction can be difficult to foresee because they depend as much on the behavior of others as on oneself.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
49. 49. 49.
빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오.<33-4>Typically an individual cannot ___(A)___ the gains and costs likely to occur in social interactions. Even the intrinsic satisfactions associated with the individual’s own behaviors may turn sour if the other person somehow does the wrong thing. For example, a person may derive intrinsic satisfaction from helping others; so if the recipient reciprocates favor for favor, both intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction derive from the profitable interaction. However, the recipient may ___(B)___ as patronizing and may verbally abuse the favor doer, thereby increasing the costs, perhaps spoiling the intrinsic satisfaction (gain) of the behavior, and hence leaving the favor doer with a net loss for the interaction. The consequences of interaction can be ___(C)___ because they depend as much on the behavior of others as on oneself.
① difficult to foresee
② accurately assess
③ ignore or even resent the good-intended gesture
50. 50.
50.
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?<33-5>Typically an individual cannot accurately assess the gains and costs likely to occur in social interactions. Even the intrinsic satisfactions associated with the individual’s own behaviors may turn sour if the other person somehow does the wrong thing. For example, a person may derive intrinsic satisfaction from helping others; so if the recipient reciprocates favor for favor, both intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction derive from the profitable interaction. However, the recipient may ignore or even resent the good-intended gesture as patronizing and may verbally abuse the favor doer, thereby increasing the costs, perhaps spoiling the intrinsic satisfaction (gain) of the behavior, and hence leaving the favor doer with a net loss for the interaction. The consequences of interaction can be difficult to foresee because they depend as much on the behavior of others as on oneself.
① the gains occurring in social interactions
② the favor doers not caring for the results
③ people satisfied with helping other people
④ recipients ignoring the good-intended gesture
⑤ difficulty in foreseeing the results of interaction
51. 51.
51.
(A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<34-1>Audiences appreciate aha moments so much that they also enjoy simply expecting them, even if the moment never comes.
Somebody can enjoy a long book or television show that offers (A) [no / any] answer for hours and hours if the genre itself promises a resolution. When the popular, mystic television show Lost ended, many fans erupted in indignation (B) [that / which]
the showrunners failed to resolve the series’ many puzzles. This deprived careful viewers of the final aha moment that they thought they’d been promised. Some people surely felt like they’d wasted weeks, even months, of their lives waiting for answers. But their final disappointment didn’t retroactively change the sincere thrill they’d (C) [felt / feel] throughout the series. Lost was a monster hit for many years because audiences enjoyed the experience of anticipating answers, even though the writers were just stockpiling riddles without resolutions.
Many people will put themselves through quite a bit of anguish if they expect fluent resolution at the end.
(A) (B) (C)
① no … which … felt
② any … that … felt
③ no … that … felt
④ any … that … feel
⑤ no … which … feel
52. 52. 52.
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.<34-2>Audiences appreciate aha moments so much that they also enjoy simply expecting them, even if the moment never comes.
(A) Somebody can enjoy a long book or television show that offers no answer for hours and hours if the genre itself promises a resolution. When the popular, mystic television show Lost ended, many fans erupted in indignation that the showrunners failed to resolve the series’ many puzzles.
(B) Lost was a monster hit for many years because audiences enjoyed the experience of anticipating answers, even though the writers were just stockpiling riddles without resolutions.
Many people will put themselves through quite a bit of anguish if they expect fluent resolution at the end.
(C) This deprived careful viewers of the final aha moment that they thought they’d been promised. Some people surely felt like they’d wasted weeks, even months, of their lives waiting for answers. But their final disappointment didn’t retroactively change the sincere thrill they’d felt throughout the series.
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)
④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
53. 53. 53.
글의 흐름상, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.<34-3>But their final disappointment didn’t retroactively change the sincere thrill they’d felt throughout the series.
Audiences appreciate aha moments so much that they also enjoy simply expecting them, even if the moment never comes.
() Somebody can enjoy a long book or television show that offers no answer for hours and hours if the genre itself promises a resolution. (‚) When the popular, mystic television show Lost ended, many fans erupted in indignation that the showrunners failed to resolve the series’ many puzzles. (ƒ) This deprived careful viewers of the final aha moment that they thought they’d been promised. Some people surely felt like they’d wasted weeks, even months, of their lives waiting for answers. („) Lost was a monster hit for many years because audiences enjoyed the experience of anticipating answers, even though the writers were just stockpiling riddles without resolutions. (…) Many people will put themselves through quite a bit of anguish if they expect fluent resolution at the end.
① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)
54. 54.
54.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은?<34-4>Audiences appreciate aha moments ⓐso much that they also enjoy simply expecting them, even if the moment never comes.
Somebody can enjoy a long book or television show that offers no answer for hours and hours if the genre ⓑitself promises a resolution. When the popular, mystic television show Lost ended, many fans erupted in indignation that the showrunners failed to resolve the series’ many puzzles. This deprived careful viewers of the final aha moment that they thought they’d been promised.
Some people surely felt like they’d wasted weeks, even months, of their lives ⓒwaiting for answers. But their final disappointment didn’t retroactively change the sincere thrill they’d felt throughout the series. Lost was a monster hit for many years because audiences enjoyed the experience of ⓓanticipation answers, even though the writers were just stockpiling riddles without resolutions. Many people will put ⓔthemselves through quite a bit of anguish if they expect fluent resolution at the end.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
55. 55.
55.
빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오.<34-5>Audiences appreciate aha moments so much that they also ___(A)___, even if the moment never comes. Somebody can enjoy a long book or television show that offers no answer for hours and hours if the genre itself promises a resolution. When the popular, mystic television show Lost ended, many fans erupted in indignation that the showrunners failed to resolve the series’ many puzzles. This ___(B)___ that they thought they’d been promised. Some people surely felt like they’d wasted weeks, even months, of their lives waiting for answers. But their final disappointment didn’t retroactively change the sincere thrill they’d felt throughout the series. Lost was a monster hit for many years because audiences enjoyed the experience of anticipating answers, even though the writers were just stockpiling riddles without resolutions. Many people will put themselves through quite a bit of anguish if ___(C)___ at the end.
① they expect fluent resolution
② deprived careful viewers of the final aha moment
③ enjoy simply expecting them
56. 56. 56.
(A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<35-1>Reading is a technology for perspective-taking. When someone else’s thoughts are in your head, you are observing the world from that person’s vantage point. Not only (A) [you are / are you]
taking in sights and sounds that you could not experience firsthand, but you have stepped inside that person’s mind and are temporarily sharing his or her attitudes and reactions.
Empathy in the sense of (B) [adapting / adopting] someone’s viewpoint is not the same as empathy in the sense of feeling compassion toward the person, but the first can lead to the second by a natural route. Stepping into someone else’s vantage point reminds you that the other fellow has a first-person, present-tense, ongoing stream of consciousness that is very much like your own but not the same as your own.
It’s not a big leap to suppose (C) [that / what] the habit of reading other people’s words could put one in the habit of entering other people’s minds, including their pleasures and pains.
(A) (B) (C)
① you are … adapting … that
② are you … adopting … that
③ you are … adopting … that
④ are you … adopting … what
⑤ you are … adapting … what
57. 57. 57.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은?<35-2>Reading is a technology for perspective-taking. When someone
ⓐelse’s thoughts are in your head, you are observing the world from that person’s vantage point. Not only are you taking in sights and sounds that you could not experience firsthand, ⓑbut you have stepped inside that person’s mind and are temporarily sharing his or her attitudes and reactions. Empathy in the sense of adopting someone’s viewpoint is not the same as empathy in the sense of feeling compassion toward the person, but the first can lead to the second by a natural route. ⓒStep into someone else’s vantage point reminds you that the other fellow has a first-person, present-tense, ongoing stream of consciousness that is very ⓓmuch like your own but not the same as your own.
It’s not a big leap to suppose that the habit of reading other people’s words could put one in the habit of ⓔentering other people’s minds, including their pleasures and pains.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
58. 58.
58.
빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오.<35-3>Reading is a technology for perspective-taking. When someone else’s thoughts are in your head, you are observing the world from that person’s vantage point. Not only are you taking in sights and sounds that you could not experience firsthand, but you have ___(A)___ and are temporarily sharing his or her attitudes and reactions. Empathy in the sense of adopting someone’s viewpoint is not the same as empathy in the sense of feeling compassion toward the person, but ___(B)___ by a natural route. Stepping into someone else’s vantage point reminds you that the other fellow has a first-person, present-tense, ongoing stream of consciousness that is very much like your own but not the same as your own. It’s not a big leap to suppose that the habit of reading other people’s words could ___(C)___, including their pleasures and pains.
① put one in the habit of entering other people’s minds
② stepped inside that person’s mind
③ the first can lead to the second
59. 59.
59.
다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?<36-1>Land is always a scarce resource in urban development; high building density, by providing more built-up space on individual sites, can maximize the utilization of the scarce urban land.
High building density, therefore, helps to reduce the pressure to develop open spaces and releases more land for communal facilities and services to improve the quality of urban living. ___(A)___, some people argue that the opposite is also true. In order to achieve high building density, massive high-rise buildings are inevitable, and these massive structures, crammed into small sites, can conversely result in very little open space and a congested cityscape. This may happen when high-density development is carried out without planning.
___(B)___, in order to avoid the negative impacts of high density, thorough planning and appropriate density control are essential.
(A) (B)
① For example …… Therefore
② Therefore …… Instead
③ Likewise …… In contrast
④ However …… Therefore
⑤ For example …… Nevertheless
60. 60. 60.
(A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<36-2>Land is always a scarce resource in urban development; high building density, by providing more built-up space on individual sites, can maximize the utilization of the scarce urban land.
High building density, therefore, helps (A) [reduce / reducing]
the pressure to develop open spaces and releases more land for communal facilities and services to improve the quality of urban living. However, some people argue (B) [what / that] the opposite is also true. In order to achieve high building density, massive high-rise buildings are inevitable, and these massive structures, (C) [cram / crammed] into small sites, can conversely result in very little open space and a congested cityscape. This may happen when high-density development is carried out without planning. Therefore, in order to avoid the negative impacts of high density, thorough planning and appropriate density control are essential.
(A) (B) (C)
① reduce … what … crammed
② reducing … that … crammed
③ reduce … that … crammed
④ reducing … that … cram
⑤ reduce … what … cram
61. 61. 61.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은?<36-3>Land is always a scarce resource in urban development; high building density, by providing ⓐmore built-up space on individual sites, can maximize the utilization of the scarce urban land. High building density, ________, helps to reduce the pressure to develop open spaces and ⓑreleases more land for communal facilities and services to improve the quality of urban living. However, some people argue that the ⓒopposite is also true. In order to achieve high building density, massive high-rise buildings are inevitable, and these massive structures, crammed into small sites, can conversely result in very little open space and a ⓓcongested cityscape. This may happen when high-density development is carried out without planning.
Therefore, in order to avoid the negative impacts of high density, ⓔthrough planning and appropriate density control are essential.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
62. 62. 62.
윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.① therefore ② for example ③ however
④ furthermore ⑤ in short
63. 63.
63.
(A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<37->Music is a specialized branch of learning, at least as it applies to the musician. While we might expect that members of society who (A) [taking / take] part in singing only as members of a larger group may learn their music through imitation, musicianship, seen as a special skill, usually requires more directed learning. It may be added (B) [that / what] in any society an individual learns only a small portion of his cultural habits by free trial-and-error, for in this way he would learn only those habits which were most rewarding to him and to him alone. Such indiscriminate and selfish learning cannot be allowed by society; the individual must learn behavior which is specified in the culture as being correct or best. Such behavior is, of course, the result of the learning process as (C) [carried / carrying] on by previous generations. Behaviors which are successful have persisted in the form of customs, while those which are unsuccessful have suffered extinction. This accumulation of adaptive habits is passed on to the child; he does not simply learn through imitation how to get along in the world; rather, he is enculturated.
(A) (B) (C)
① taking … what … carried
② take … that … carried
③ taking … that … carried
④ take … that … carrying
⑤ taking … what … carrying
64. 64.
64.
글의 흐름상, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.<37-2>Behaviors which are successful have persisted in the form of customs, while those which are unsuccessful have suffered extinction.
Music is a specialized branch of learning, at least as it applies to the musician. () While we might expect that members of society who take part in singing only as members of a larger group may learn their music through imitation, musicianship, seen as a special skill, usually requires more directed learning.
(‚) It may be added that in any society an individual learns only a small portion of his cultural habits by free trial-and-error, for in this way he would learn only those habits which were most rewarding to him and to him alone. (ƒ) Such indiscriminate and selfish learning cannot be allowed by society; the individual must learn behavior which is specified in the culture as being correct or best. („) Such behavior is, of course, the result of the learning process as carried on by previous generations. (…) This accumulation of adaptive habits is passed on to the child; he does not simply learn through imitation how to get along in the
65. 65. 65.
밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은것은?<37-3>Music is a specialized branch of learning, at least as it applies to the musician. While we might expect that members of society who take part in singing only as members of a larger group may learn their music through imitation, musicianship, ⓐseen as a special skill, usually requires more directed learning. It may be
ⓑadded that in any society an individual learns only a small portion of his cultural habits by free trial-and-error, for in this way he would learn only those habits which were most rewarding to him and to him alone. Such indiscriminate and selfish learning cannot be allowed by society; the individual must learn behavior which is ⓒspecified in the culture as being correct or best. Such behavior is, of course, the result of the learning process as carried on by previous generations. Behaviors which are successful have persisted in the form of customs, while those which are unsuccessful have suffered extinction. This accumulation of adaptive habits ⓓis passed on to the child; he does not simply learn through imitation ⓔwhat to get along in the world; rather, he is enculturated.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
66. 66. 66.
빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오.<37-4>Music is a specialized branch of learning, at least as it applies to the musician. While we might expect that members of society who take part in singing only as members of a larger group may learn their music through imitation, musicianship, seen as a special skill, usually ___(A)___. It may be added that in any society an individual learns only a small portion of his cultural habits by free trial-and-error, for in this way he would learn only those habits which were most rewarding to him and to him alone. Such ___(B)___ cannot be allowed by society; the individual must learn behavior which is specified in the culture as being correct or best.
Such behavior is, of course, the result of the learning process as carried on by previous generations. Behaviors which are successful have persisted in the form of customs, while those which are unsuccessful have suffered extinction. This ___(C)___
is passed on to the child; he does not simply learn through imitation how to get along in the world; rather, he is enculturated.
① indiscriminate and selfish learning
② requires more directed learning
