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934

Copyright © 2020 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science pISSN:0374-8111, eISSN:2287-8815

서 론

최근해양식량자원두족류어획량은세계적으로증가하 있으며(Jereb and Roper, 2010), 중에서 25%남서 대서양에서어획된다(Agnew et al., 2005). 두족류오징어는 최근 30년간연간 100만톤이상이어획되는상업적으로가장 중요한식량자원하나이다(FAO, 2019). 이는어법의발달, 어선수의증가어류의감소로인해두족류인오징어에대한 어획강도가전세계적으로증가했기때문이다(Arkhipkin et al., 2015; Doubleday et al., 2016). 아르헨티나짧은지느러미 오징어는지난 30년간연간 20-115만톤이어획되었으며(Fig.

1) 상업적으로 중요한두족류이다(INIDEP, 2016, Avigliano et al., 2020). 아르헨티나짧은지느러미오징어[Illex argentines

(Castellanos, 1960)]분류학적으로개안아목(Order Oegop- sida) 살오징어과(Family Ommastrephidae)속하며, 남서대 서양에서주로어획되는종이다. 남서대서양의대륙붕과대륙 사면을따라 22˚S-54˚S까지분포하며, 특히 35˚S-52˚S 범위 에서어장이형성된다(Castellanos, 1964; Leta, 1981; Haimov- ici and Pérez, 1990). 분포해역은남극환류에서분화된말비나 한류와브라질난류가만나는해역과관련이있는것으로알려 있다(Fig. 2; Brunetti, 1988; Rodhouse and White, 1995;

Brunetti et al., 1998). 아르헨티나짧은지느러미오징어는산란 시기와회유경로에따라여름산란군, 남파타고니아산란군, 리고북파타고니아산란군으로나뉘며(Haimovici et al., 1998;

Perez et al., 2009), 수명은 1년으로성적으로성숙하기시작

하는미성어(ML>230 mm)시기에산란회유를시작하여산란

남서대서양 아르헨티나 짧은지느러미오징어(Illex argentinus)의 어획변동

구정은·최석관·안두해·김은정*

국립수산과학원 원양자원과

Catch Variations of Argentine Shortfin Squid Illex argentinus in the Southwest Atlantic

Jeong Eun Ku, Seok-Gwan Choi, Doo-Hae An and Eunjung Kim*

Distant Water Fisheries Resources Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea

The spatial and temporal catch variations of Argentine shortfin squid Illex argentinus in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWA) were analyzed using Korean squid-jigging fishery data collected through electronic reporting system (ERS) from 2016 to 2020. The ERS linked with GPS has been implemented for collecting fishing data from all Korean fish- ing vessels operating in international waters since November 2015. The fishing period of the Korean squid-jigging fishery in the SWA runs from early summer to autumn (December to June) in the Southern Hemisphere. The fish- ing ground was extended from 42°S to 48°S along the Patagonian continental shelf and slope, and the main fishing ground was formed around the Falkland Islands. The yearly catch per unit effort (CPUE) of I. argentinus fluctuated between 1.69 and 7.53 tons/day. In this study, during the fishing season, a south and westward shift on the fishing ground was observed indicating the feeding migration of the south Patagonian stock. The shift in monthly fishing centroids differed according to fishing season. The gradual southward shifts of fishing centroids were observed in the catch years (2017 and 2018), whereas unapparent shifts in fishing centroids were observed in the low catch years (2016 and 2019).

Keywords: Squid-jigging fishery, Illex argentinus, Southwest Atlantic ocean, CPUE, Electronic reporting system (ERS)

*Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 51. 720. 2328 Fax: +82. 51. 720. 2337 E-mail address: [email protected]

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received 27 October 2020; Revised 13 November 2020; Accepted 2 December 2020 저자 직위: 구정은(연구원), 최석관(연구관), 안두해(과장), 김은정(연구사) https://doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2020.0934

Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 53(6), 934-941, December 2020

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남서대서양 원양 채낚기 어획변동 935

활동사망하는것으로알려져있다(Hatanaka, 1986; Rod- house and Hatfield, 1990; Parfeniuk et al., 1992).

아르헨티나짧은지느러미오징어의어획량은 1980년대이후 꾸준히증가하였지만, 다른오징어류의어획량과같이연도별 어획량의변동이매우편이다(Fig. 1; FAO, 2019). 포클랜드 제도에서는오징어어획량의변화에의한낮은가입율을고려 하여, 낚시노력량제한을시행하기도했다(Barton, 2002). 최근 동안연간어획량의변동이관찰됨에도불구하고, 남서 대서양의아르헨티나짧은지느러미오징어를관리하는지역수 산기구(regional fisheries management organization, RFMO) 아직없으며(Chang et al., 2016), 현재는아르헨티나와영국 과학자들로 이루어진 남대서양수산위원회(South Atlantic fisheries commission, SAFC)과학적자료교환과공동해양

탐사에목적을두고활동하고있다. SAFC아르헨티나짧은

지느러미오징어등과같은남서대서양해역의자원보존관리조 치나관리협약을통한자원관리가목적이아니므로, 남서대서 양의수산자원보존과지속가능한어업을위한국제수산기구 필요성이계속하여대두되고있다.

우리나라 원양어선이생산하는 오징어류의 90% 남서 대서양에서어획된다. 우리나라는 1985처음으로남서대서 포클랜드근해에서 4척의채낚기어선이아르헨티나짧은 지느러미오징어를대상으로조업한이후, 지금은매년 29-31

척의채낚기어선과 8-10척의트롤선이남서대서양에서아르

헨티나짧은지느러미오징어를어획하고있으나, 최근 5년간

획량은과거어획량과비교했을매우낮은수준이다(Fig.1).

우리나라의 모든원양어선은 2015 11월부터 GPS (global positioning system)연동된전자조업보고시스템(electronic reporting system, ERS)통해조업위치어획량등을실시 간으로보고하기시작하였으며보고된정보는전자조업감시시 스템(electronic monitoring system, EMS)통해관리되고 . 연구는전자조업감시시스템이도입된이후의 2016년부

2020년까지남서대서양해역에서조업하는우리나라모든

채낚기어선의어획실적보고정보를바탕으로조업특성을파악 하고, 목표종인아르헨티나짧은지느러미오징어의어획량 노력량자료로어획변화를분석하였으며이를토대로아르헨 티나짧은지느러미오징어의분포어획특성을확인하고자 . 이는아르헨티나짧은지느러미오징어의분포자원상태 이해하여, 향후자원관리방안마련과자원평가에필요한 초자료를제공하기위함이다.

자료 및 방법

남서대서양에서 아르헨티나 짧은지느러미오징어를 대상으 조업하는우리나라채낚기어업의어획변동을파악하기 2016-2020 ERS통해수집된어획실적자료를사용하

였다. ERS어획실적자료는선박별어획활동에대한시공간

정보를비롯한어종별어획량등이포함되어있으며, 이는 GPS정보와연결되어실시간으로보고되어어획정보의신뢰도 매우높은편이다. 연구에서는지난 5년간남서대서양에 Fig. 1. Total catch of Argentine shortfin squid Illex argentinus in

the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (FAO, 2019) and Korean squid catch by jigging and trawl fisheries in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean.

- 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000

- 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Korean catch (ton)

Catch (ton)

Year Total catch Korean catch

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 11 12

CPUE (ton/day)

Catch(ton)

Time (Month)

Catch CPUE

Fig. 2. Spatial distribution of Korean squid-jigging fishing position (2016-2020) on the Argentinean continental shelf with the warm Brazil Current (red) and the cold Malvinas Current (blue) (Cur- rents flow modified from Pierini et al., 2016). The bathymetry of the continental shelf indicated by gray color gradient from 0 to 2000 m.

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조업한채낚기어선, 34척의선박이보고한 19,503건의 조업위치어획정보가분석되었다.

연구에서단위노력당어획량(catch per unit effort, CPUE) 어획량(ton)실제조업일(day)나눈것으로계산하 였다.

CPUE= Catch

Effort(days)

연구에서는최근 5년간의아르헨티나짧은지느러미오징 어의변화를바탕으로연도별·월별어획자료와노력량자료를 분석하였으며, 기간동안어획은남서대서양의대륙붕과 륙사면해역에서수행되었다(Fig. 2). 구체적인어업특성을

인하기위해위치별어획시기, CPUE, 어장분포의변화를

석하였다.

아르헨티나짧은지느러미오징어의월별어획분포의변화를 추정하기 위해무게중심법을이용하여 어장중심을 계산하였 . 이는넓게분포한어장의어획자료에서어획종의분포중심 추정하는방법으로월별어장중심(X̅m, Y̅m)선박에서 ERS보고된어획위치(longitude xi, latitude yt)위치의 어획량(Ci)가중하여계산한다.

(X̅m, m)=(ni=1nCi·Xi, ni=1Ci·Yi)

i=1Ci ni=1Ci

어장중심계산조업어장의위도와경도분석과도식화는 R program (R Core Team, 2017)이용하였다.

결 과

어획량 및 노력량의 변화

최근 5년간남서대서양에서조업한우리나라채낚기어선은

연간 29-31척으로안정적이었으나, 연간어획량은변동이매우

편이었다(Table 1). 어획량이가장높은연도(2017)어획 량이가장낮은연도(2016)차이가 5이상이었다. 도별어획량노력량(조업일)비교하였을(Fig. 3), 노력

량이가장높은시기는어획량이가장높은 2017년으로 4,681

일이었으며, 가장낮은시기는 2019 3,943일이며, 5평균 4,219일이었다. 어기는남반구의초여름인 11-12월에시작하 이듬해가을인 5-6월에종료된다(Fig.3). 연도별로어기의 작과종료시기에서약간의차이가있었으나조업시기인 1-5 월은일정하게높은노력량을유지하였으며어기모두 3월에 Table 1. Catch, number of vessel, catch per unit effort (CPUE) and mean distance between monthly fishing centroid of jigging fishery by fishing season [December (November) to June (May)] in the Southwest Atlantic

Fishing Season 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Mean

No. of vessel 31 28 30 29 30 30

CPUE (ton/day) 1.69 7.53 4.50 2.95 4.49 1.69

Mean distance between monthly centroids (km) 142.52 76.02 114.51 175.39 155.121 132.71 Fig. 3 Monthly catch on Argentine shortfin squid Illex argentinus and fishing effort (fishing days) from the Korean squid-jigging fishery.

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 1112 1 2 3 4 5 6 1112 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 1 2 3 4 5 12 1 2 3 4 5 6

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Effort (days)

Catch (ton)

Time (Year)

Effort Catch

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남서대서양 원양 채낚기 어획변동 937

가장높은어획량을보였다(Fig. 3).

어장의 위·경도 변화

남서대서양 아르헨티나 짧은지느러미오징어의 어장분포는 위도 41˚S-52˚S, 경도 56˚W-63˚W 범위에서형성되었다(Fig.

4). 주어기가시작되는 12월과 1월에는 42˚S-45˚S에서조업이 시작되어, 조업이진행되는 3-5월에는어장이남하하여 52˚S 까지확대되었다(Fig. 4a). 반면, 어장의경도분포는어기가 작된이후동쪽에서서쪽으로이동하는경향을나타내었다. 3-4 월은경도분포가거의동일하며, 5월은동서로가장넓게분포 하다가 6월에는가장서쪽에편중되어나타났다(Fig. 4b).

위도와경도어획량과노력량을분석하였을때, 45˚S 노력량(33%)가장높았으나, 어획량은 49˚S-50˚S에서 높았다(Fig. 5a). 경도별노력량분포는 60˚W에서전체노력

량의 67%나타냈고어획량도가장높았다. 60˚W 이서에서

급격하게노력량과어획량이감소하였다(Fig. 5b).

단위노력당 어획량 (Catch per unit effort, CPUE) 남서대서양채낚기어업의 CPUE연도별변동이매우컸다. 어획이가장저조하였던 2016년의 CPUE 1.69/일이었으 , 어획량과노력량이가장높았던 2017년의 CPUE 7.53/ 일로가장높았다(Table 1). 차츰감소하여 2019 2.95 /, 2020년에는 4.49/일을기록하였다. 월별 CPUE

기가시작된 3월까지꾸준히증가하여 가장높은(9.71

/)나타내었으며, 6월에 0.03/일로가장낮았다(Fig. 6).

위도에따른 CPUE산출하였을최고값은 48˚S에서 10.5 /, 최소값은 42˚S에서 0.8/일로나타났다(Fig. 7). 누적 획량이높았던 45˚S-46˚S, 49˚S-50˚S 에서의 CPUE 보다 44˚S, 48˚S CPUE높았으며, 모든위도에서산출된 CPUE 차가편이었다. 반면포클랜드제도북쪽해역인 51˚S-52˚S Fig. 5 Total catch (tonnes) and effort (fishing days) by fishing locations in the Korean squid-jigging fishery from 2016 to 2020.

Fig. 4 The boxplot of the latitudinal and longitudinal components on the fishing locations in the Korean squid-jigging fisheries in the South- west Atlantic during 2016-2020.

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구정은최석관안두해김은정 938

CPUE크게높지않았으나편차가작은편이었다.

어기별 어장분포의 변화

어기별어장분포의변화를확인하기위해어획이시작되는 12월부터어기가종료되는다음 6월까지매월어획중심을 나타내었다(Fig. 8). 2016어기의월별어획중심은뚜렷한 화의경향이없이어획중심이 45˚S-46˚S, 61˚W위치하였으 , 2017-2018년은어획중심이어기의시작인 12월부터 45˚S 부근에서뚜렷하게남하하여포클랜드북서쪽까지근접하여 기가종료하는경향을보였다. 2019년은 12월에 45˚S보다북쪽 에서시작하여급격히남하하고, 2월에서 5월까지포클랜드 쪽해역에서 59˚W-62˚W 사이에분포하였으며, 2020년은 1 부터남하하는경향을보이다가어기후반인 5북쪽으로 이동하는경향을보였다. 어기의 5어획량은다른어기 5어획량에비해편임을있다(Fig. 3).

월별 어획중심 간의 평균거리는 2019년에 가장 높았으며, 2017년에가장적은평균거리가관찰되었다(Table 1). 전체 구기간동안월별어획중심의간의평균거리는 132.7 km였고, CPUE가장높았던 2017년의어획중심간평균거리는 76.02 km였으며, 증가하여 2019 175.39 km가장높았다.

고 찰

연구에서는남서대서양에서조업하는우리나라원양오징 채낚기어업의어획실적자료를이용하여아르헨티나짧은지 느러미오징어풍도의·공간적변화를분석하였다.

우리나라 채낚기어선의아르헨티나짧은지느러미오징어의 어획시기는 12월에시작되어 6월까지지속되며어획량은 2 부터서서히증가하기시작하여 3월에가장높은어획량을 였다. 또한어획위치는위도의변화에서뚜렷하게나타났으며 어장은어기초기부터서서히남하하여포클랜드제도까지 달하는것을확인하였다. 이러한경향은 Hatanaka et al. (1985) 에서연구된아르헨티나짧은지느러미오징어의생애주기와

치한다. 남반구겨울에부화된아르헨티나짧은지느러미오징 어는봄에북파타고니아대륙붕에도달하여남쪽으로회유를 시작하여 보통 2-3월에섭이장인포클랜드제도근처에도착

한다. 시기에해역에서어획량과 CPUE급격히증가하

현상은이전연구결과(Rodhouse et al., 1995)에서도밝혀진 있다. 6월에어획량이급격히감소하는것은오징어가산란 활동을위해포클랜드제도를떠나이동을시작하기때문이다 (Rodhouse et al., 1995). 오징어어장의위도변동성은연구 뿐만아니라대만의오징어채낚기어업과스페인트롤어업에서 관찰되었다(Sacau et al., 2005; Chiu et al., 2017). 반면, 장의경도변동은어장남하에따른대륙붕과아르헨티나배타 적경제수역(exclusive economic zone, EEZ)위치에기인한 것으로보인다. 아르헨티나짧은지느러미오징어는연안성 족류로대륙붕과대륙사면에서식하므로어장의위치도대륙

붕에서크게벗어나지않는다(Fig. 2). 어장의북쪽에서는공해

아르헨티나 EEZ 바깥대륙붕과대륙사면에좁고길게분포 하다가남쪽포클랜드제도주변으로어장이동과서로넓게 성되는것은우리나라채낚기어선이포클랜드 EEZ입어하 때문이다. 연구에서어획위치변동은아르헨티나짧은지 느러미오징어의남쪽으로회유를나타내며또한인위적인경계 반영하기도한다. 오징어와같이이동성이어종의시공간 어장분포의변동은어종의이동을나타내는지표로사용될

있으며, 이는 CPUE 표준화과정에서중요한요인으로선택

된다(Cao et al., 2011).

어기에따른월별오징어어장변동은해역의아르헨티나 짧은지느러미오징어의산란군과관련된것으로보인다. 남서 대서양 아르헨티나짧은지느러미오징어는 연중산란을하며 (Rodhouse and Hatfield, 1990; Rodhouse et al., 1995), 산란 시기와회유경로에따라크게 43˚S 북쪽의북파타고니아산란

, 42˚S-45˚S 사이대륙붕에서식하며산란장을가지는여름

Fig. 6 Monthly catch per unit effort (CPUE) of jigging fisheries in the Southwest Atlantic during 2016-2020.

- 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000

- 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Korean catch (ton)

Catch (ton)

Year

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 11 12

CPUE (ton/day)

Catch(ton)

Time (Month)

Catch CPUE

Fig. 7 Catch per unit effort (CPUE) by latitude in Korean squid- jigging fishery in the Southwest Atlantic during 2016-2020.

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남서대서양 원양 채낚기 어획변동 939

산란군, 45˚S 남쪽에어장이형성되며가장산란군을

성하여상업적으로가장중요한남파타고니아산란군으로 뉜다(Haimovici et al., 1998; Agnew et al., 2005; Perez et al., 2009). 월별어장중심은어기초인 12-1월과이후와는확연 구별되며, 이는목표산란군인남파타고니아산란군의회유 경로와연관이있어보인다. 12월과 1월은 46˚S 부근에서섭이 장으로남하하는남파타고니아산란군의미성숙개체를주로 획하며, 3월부터는포클랜드섬북쪽에형성된섭이장에서남파 타고니아산란군의성체를목표로어획하는것으로생각된다. 이는다른나라채낚기어선의이동경향과비슷하다(Hatanaka, 1986; Brunetti and Ivanovic, 1992; Leta, 1992; Rodhouse et al., 1995; Arkhipkin, 2000). 남파타고니아산란군의주요어장 포클랜드제도의북서쪽해역은남파타고니아산란군의섭이 장이며채낚기어업의주어장으로다양한국적의어선이아르헨 티나짧은지느러기오징어를어획하기위해 2-6포클랜드 역에입어한다. 따라서어획량이가장높은 3월의어획중심은 포클랜드북쪽해역에서주로형성되었다(Fig. 8). 어기월별 어획중심의이동은어획의효율성과도연관성이있는듯하다. 어획중심간평균거리가가장짧은어기인 2017년의월별어획 중심은뚜렷하게남하하는경향을보이며이는알려진남파타 고니아산란군의회유경로와비슷한경향을보였다(Fig. 8).

어획량이가장낮았던 2019년의어획중심은뚜렷한경향

포클랜드근해에위치하였으며이는어군의이동변화보다는

포클랜드해역의입어시기(2-6)되어어장이밀집하여 성된것으로생각된다. 높은어획량을기록한어기의 1-2월의 어획중심은 45˚S 부근에형성되고어획량도높은경향을 인다(Fig. 3, Fig. 8). 이는섭이장으로남하하는미성숙남파타 고니아산란군이충분한크기로성장어획으로가입되어 어획량을나타내거나, 같은위도상의대륙붕에서식하는 산란군이어획되었을가능성도있을것이다. 산란군의 란시기는겨울과여름으로뚜렷하게나누어져있으므로

기에 45˚S 부근에서어획되는개체의생식소발달을확인한다

어획되는주요산란군의식별이가능할것이다.

다른오징어류와같이아르헨티나짧은지느러미오징어의 도와분포는주변환경조건에크게영향을받는것으로알려져 있다(Waluda et al., 2001; Bazzino et al., 2005; Sacau et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2012). 남극해류에서분화된말비나한류는 포클랜드제도와부딪쳐동쪽과서쪽으로나누어져북상하고 적도에서남하하는브라질난류와만나생산력이풍부한 류의합류점을형성한다(Fig. 2; Wang et al., 2018). 합류점 아르헨티나짧은지느러미오징어의어장형성에중요한역할 하며, 해류수렴대의말비나한류쪽인파타고니아대륙붕 포클랜드제도의근해에서주어장을형성하는것으로알려 있다(Chen et al., 2007). 수명이짧은오징어의경우해의 가입량의크기에따라어획변동이매우편이며이는연구 우리나라채낚기어획량에서도뚜렷하게나타난다. 비록 Fig. 8. Monthly distributions of fishing centroid by each fishing seasons (2016-2020) in Korean squid-jigging fishery in the Southwest At- lantic. The first two numbers indicate the fishing season (2016 → 16) and second two letter indicate the month (March → 03).

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연구기간동안에도 2017년의어획량은 2016년의어획량에 비해 5배로증가한것을확인할있었다. 따라서아르헨티나 짧은지느러미오징어의자원변동을이해하기위해서는어장뿐 아니라자원의생활사를고려한산란장섭이장의환경 변동을함께분석하고연구해야것이다.

사 사

연구는국립수산과학원 2020년도수산시험연구사업인

원양어업자원평가 관리연구』(R2020023)지원으로

행되었습니다.

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수치

Fig. 2. Spatial distribution of Korean squid-jigging fishing position  (2016-2020) on the Argentinean continental shelf with the warm  Brazil Current (red) and the cold Malvinas Current (blue)  (Cur-rents flow modified from Pierini et al., 2016)
Fig. 4 The boxplot of the latitudinal and longitudinal components on the fishing locations in the Korean squid-jigging fisheries in the South- South-west Atlantic during 2016-2020.
Fig. 6 Monthly catch per unit effort (CPUE) of jigging fisheries in  the Southwest Atlantic during 2016-2020

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