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제2장 무역계약

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국제무역실무

제2장 무역계약

(Foreign Trade Contract)

(2)

제1절 무역계약(Trade Contract)의 의 의

1. 무역계약의 의의

ƒ 무역계약: 국제간의 수출입거래를 위한 매매 계약

ƒ seller가 buyer에게 물품의 소유권(property in goods)을 이전 약속, buyer는 그 대금을 seller에게 지급할 것을 약정하는 계약

ƒ exporter’s offer에 대한 importer’s

acceptance로 계약이 성립되는 낙성 또는 합 의계약(consensual contract)

(3)

제1절 무역계약(Trade Contract)의 의 의

1. 무역계약의 법적성질

3

(4)

제3절 무역계약(Trade Contract)의 성 립

1. 무역계약의 성립요건

Acceptance

/Acknowledgement

Offer/ Order

(5)

제3절 무역계약(Trade Contract)의 성 립

2. 오퍼의 발행

1)오퍼의 의의

ƒ inquiry or enquiry

ƒ offer

ƒ unconditional and absolute acceptance

5

(6)

제3절 무역계약(Trade Contract)의 성 립

2. 오퍼의 발행

2)오퍼의 종류

ƒ selling offer; sales offer vs buying offer;

purchase offer

ƒ firm offer vs free offer

ƒ subject to our final confirmation offer

ƒ subject to prior sale offer, subject to being unsold offer

ƒ counter offer

ƒ offer on sale or return, offer subject to

(7)

제3절 무역계약(Trade Contract)의 성 립

3. 오퍼에 대한 승낙

2)승낙의 효력

7

(8)

제4절 무역계약(Trade Contract)의 체결절 차

1. 무역계약의 종류

(9)

제4절 무역계약(Trade Contract)의 체결절차

(10)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

1. Business

ƒ act as A

and not as B

ƒ principal, agent

ƒ Both Sellers and Buyers act as Principals and not as Agents.

(11)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

2. Goods:

ƒ goods, merchandise, line, item, article, product, produce

ƒ unit, quote, mode of packing

ƒ Goods in Business, their unit to be quoted, and their mode of packing shall be as stated in the attached list.

(12)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

3. Quotations and Offers

ƒ Unless = if ~ not, otherwise, party

ƒ On the basis of C.I.F 지명

ƒ Unless otherwise specified in cables or letters, all quotations and offer

submitted by either party to this

Agreement shall be in U.S. Dollars on the basis of C.I.F New York.

(13)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

4. Firm offers

ƒ Subject to ~, respective, dispatch

ƒ All firm offers shall be subject to a

reply reaching Sellers within the period stated in respective cables. When

“immediate reply” is used it shall mean that a reply is to be received by seller within three days from and including the day of the dispatch of a firm offer.

In either case, however, Sunday and all official New York Bank Holidays are

excepted.

(14)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

5. Orders

ƒ close, confirm, mutual consent

ƒ Any business closed by cable shall be confirmed in writing without delay, and orders thus confirmed shall not be

cancelled unless by mutual consent.

(15)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

6. Payment

ƒ draft, draw, Letter of Credit, at sight, document, full invoice amount

ƒ Drafts shall be drawn under Letter of Credit at sight, documents attached, for the full invoice amount.

(16)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

7. Credit

ƒ revoke, revocable, in favor of, on/

upon~, available, beyond Letter of Credit,

ƒ Irrevocable Letter of Credit shall be opened in favor of the Sellers

immediately upon confirmation of sale.

Credit shall be made available fifteen days beyond the contracted time of

(17)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

8. Shipment

ƒ in accordance with, stipulate, Bill of Lading, conclusive, proof, expressly, option

ƒ All goods sold in accordance with this Agreement shall be shipped within the

stipulated time. The date of Bill of Lading

shall be taken as conclusive proof of the

day of shipment. Unless expressly agreed

upon, the port of shipment shall be at the

Sellers’ option.

(18)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

9. Marine Insurance

ƒ All risks, policy, be made out, payable

ƒ All shipments shall be covered All Risks for a sum equal to the amount of the

invoice plus ten percent, if no other

conditions are particularly agreed upon.

All policies shall be made out in U.S.

(19)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

10. Quality

ƒ Conform, descriptions, with regard to

ƒ The Sellers shall guarantee all

shipments to conform to samples, types, or descriptions, with regard to quality

and condition.

(20)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

11. Damage in transit

ƒ assume, deterioration, breakage , transportation

ƒ The Sellers shall ship all goods in good condition, and the Buyers shall assume all risks of damage, deterioration, or

breakage during transportation.

(21)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

12. Claims

ƒ destination, certificate, rognized surveyor,

amicable, arbitration, nominate, umpire, losing party, bear

ƒ Claims, if any, shall be submitted by cable within fourteen days after arrival of goods at destination.

Certificates by recognized surveyors shall be sent by mail without delay, All claims which cannot be amicably settled between Sellers and Buyers shall be submitted to arbitration in Korea, the arbitration board shall consist of two members, one to the nominated by the Sellers and one by the Buyers, and should they be unable to agree the decision of an umpire selected by the arbitrators shall be final, and the losing party shall bear expenses thereto.

(22)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

14.Delayed Shipment

ƒ article, in case, consequency

ƒ In all cases of force majeure provided in the Article No. 13, the period of shipment

stipulated shall be extended for a period of twenty-one days. In case shipment within

the extended period should still be prevented by a continuance of the causes mentioned in the Article No. 13 or the consequences of

any of them, it shall be at the Buyer’ option

either to allow the shipment of late goods or

(23)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

15. Shipping Notice

ƒ of goods

ƒ The Sellers shall cable each shipment immediately when it is of goods.

(24)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

16. Shipping Samples

ƒ Prior to ~

ƒ In case shipping samples be required the Sellers shall send them to the Buyers [by airmail] prior to shipment of goods.

(25)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

17. Marking and Numbering:

ƒ instruction, consecutive number

ƒ In the absence of any specific

instructions, all shipments shall be

marked and given consecutive numbers.

(26)

Aggrement on General Terms and Conditions of Business

18. Cable expenses

ƒ relating to,

ƒ Expenses relating to cabling shall be borne by the respective senders.

(27)

In witness whereof, A & Co., Ltd. Have

hereunto set their hands on the 1st day of September, 2010, and B & Co. Ltd. have hereunto set their hands on the 10th day of October, 2010.

This Agreement shall be valid on and from the 1st day of November, 2010, and any of the Articles in this agreement shall not be changed or modified unless by mutual

consent.

Aggrement on General Terms and

Conditions of Business

(28)

제5절 무역계약의 일반조건

1. 품질에 관한 조건

1)

품질결정 방법

(1) 견품매매(sale by sample)

(2) 표준품매매(sale by standard)

FAQ(Fair Quality Terms)

GMQ(Good Merchantable Quality Terms)

USQ(Usual Standard Quality Terms)

(29)

제5절 무역계약의 일반조건

1. 품질에 관한 조건

1)

품질결정 방법

(3) 규격매매(sale by grade or type)

(4) 명세서매매(sale by specifications/

particulars/ dimensions/ descriptions) (5) 상표매매(sale by trade amrk or brand) (6) 점검(실견)매매(sale by inspection)

(30)

제5절 무역계약의 일반조건

1. 품질에 관한 조건

2)

품질결정 시기

(1) 선적품질조건(shipped quality terms)

ƒ TQ(Tale Quale)

ƒ SD(Sea Damage)

(2) 양륙품질조건(landed quality terms)

ƒ RT(Rye Terms)

(3) 품질증명방법

(31)

제6절 무역계약서상의 각 조항

1. Force Majeure Clause, Delayed Performance Clause

불가항력은 매도인이 통제할 수 없는 contingency or accidents beyond seller’s control 을 말하는바 acts of God 와 인위적인 불가항력이 있다

자연이행조항은 불가항력에 의하여 계약이 불이행 시 이행기 연장, 연장기간 후 이행이 있는 경우 수용여부 2. Hardship Clause

계약체결 당시 예상치 못했던 경제적, 정치적 사태가 발생, 이행이 불가능하거나 곤란해져 계약본질적 변 경이 불가피한경우 상대방은 반드시 이행 해야 한다 는 사전변경조항, 이행가혹조항

(32)

제6절 무역계약서상의 각 조항

3.Entire Agreement Clause

계약이전 단계에서 의견교환, 합의, 약속 등도 정식계 약서에 흡수 통합되고 정식으로 체결된 계약만이 유 효하다는 완전합의조항, 완전계약조항

4. Secrecy Clause

무역거래나 기술도입의 과정에서 알게 된 비밀정보를 보호되어야 하며 누설하거나 도용해서도 안 된다는 비밀유지조항

5. Infringement Clause(권리침해조항, 산업재산권조항) 매도인이 물품을 매수인에게 인도한 후 제3자의 산업

(33)

제6절 무역계약서상의 각 조항

6.Product Liability Clause

판매된 물품이 소비자나, 제3자의 신체상 재산에 손상 또는 손해를 끼친 경우 매도인과 매수인 가운데 누가 부담 할 것인가를 약정하는 제조물배상책임

7. Non-waiver Clause

과거에 행사치 않은 이행청구권은 그 후의 동일내용의 이행청구권에 영향을 미치지 않는 상호 독립조항

8. Severability Clause

계약내용의 일부가 실효 또는 무효화 되더라도 그 계 약전체가 실효 또는 무효로 되지 않는 분리가능조항

(34)

제6절 무역계약서상의 각 조항

9. Arbitration Clause

중재합의문에 대한상사 중재원에서 마련한 Standard Arbitration Clause를 무역계약서에 삽입하는 조항

10. Liquidated Damage Clause

계약체결 시에 청구할 수 있는 손해배상액을 미리 약 정하는 손해배상액예정조항

11. 기타조항

1). Warranty Clause 2). Claim Clause 3).Trade Terms Clause 4) Governing Clause등이 있다.

(35)

제7절 무역클레임(Claim)

1.무역클레임의 종 류

Quantity claim Quantity claim

Quality claim Quality claim

Packing claim Packing claim

Transport and Landed claim Transport and Landed claim

Settlement claim Settlement claim

Market claim Market claim

Dirty claim Dirty claim

(36)

제7절 무역클레임(Claim)

3. 무역클레임의 처리

2) 무역클레임의 해결

ƒ Compromise

ƒ Amicable Settlement

ƒ Intercession

ƒ Conciliation: mediator, conciliator 선임

ƒ Arbitration(상사중재)

ƒ Litigation: governing law

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